Search

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the electronic Compassion Competence Scale (e-CCS). Methods: A cross-sectional, randomized, two-period crossover design was used. Nursing students from four South Korean universities were surveyed between June 2017 and April 2018. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups-paper/paper, electronic/electronic, and paper/electronic or electronic/paper-and a test-retest procedure was implemented. The reliability and validity of the e-CCS were evaluated using linear weighted kappa coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Internal consistency reliability was verified using linear weighted kappa coefficients and ICCs. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the initial test and retest scores were all statistically significant. Results: The newly developed e-CCS was found to have good reliability and validity. We suggest that future research should increase sample heterogeneity by recruiting diverse age groups, nurses working in different nursing fields, and students from multiple colleges. Conclusion: This electronic instrument will help determine the differences in the level of compassion competence and devise interventions to improve compassion competence in nurses and nursing students. Further studies on enhancing compassion competence among nurses and nursing students may rely on the use of this electronic format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify occupational conditions associated with anxiety and fatigue among Korean nurses in early pregnancy. Background: Pregnant nurses, like non‐pregnant hospital nurses, are exposed to dangerous and stressful work environments, which can affect fatigue and anxiety. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional study enrolled 1490 nurses who participated in the early pregnancy module in the Korea Nurses' Health Study between 2014 and 2020. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with anxiety and fatigue among nurses in early pregnancy. Results: One‐fifth of participants were working night shifts, and more than two‐thirds were working overtime. When using antineoplastic drugs and disinfectants, the rate of use of protective equipment varied depending on the size of the hospital. Working overtime and lifting heavy objects were associated with increased anxiety and fatigue among nurses. Conclusion: Overtime work was associated with both anxiety and fatigue among pregnant nurses. Pregnant hospital nurses were exposed to both night shift and overtime work. Therefore, hospital managers should improve hazardous working environments to protect the health of nurses in early pregnancy and their fetuses. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses in early pregnancy are exposed to work environments that can affect their reproductive health.The relationship between mental health and work environment among nurses in early pregnancy is poorly understood. What this paper adds? Despite legal guidelines, some pregnant nurses performed potentially harmful work such as night shifts, overtime and heavy lifting.There were differences in the occupational risks to which the study participants were exposed depending on hospital size.Overtime and heavy lifting were related to anxiety and fatigue in study participants. The implications of this paper: To protect nurses in early pregnancy, an appropriate maternal safety programme should be developed for hospital work environments.Education programmes should be implemented for nurses in early pregnancy on safety guidelines such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).Physically difficult tasks can increase fatigue and anxiety among nurses in early pregnancy, so legal and institutional regulations focusing on safe working environments should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between heart failure knowledge, self‐efficacy, social support, grit and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure and to identify factors associated with patients' self‐care behaviour. Background: Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines. Design: This descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. Methods: This study included 138 patients who were diagnosed with heart failure in an outpatient department of cardiology at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected between July and October 2020 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Results: Grit had the strongest association with self‐care behaviour among patients with heart failure, followed by social support, self‐efficacy and heart failure knowledge. These variables accounted for approximately 52% of the variance in self‐care behaviour. Conclusions: Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. Based on the social cognitive theory, nursing intervention programmes that can simultaneously manage cognitive (knowledge and self‐efficacy), social and environmental (social support) and behavioural support (grit) factors should be developed and applied to nursing practices to promote self‐care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines.Social cognitive theory is conceptualized as cognitive, social, environmental and behavioural in nature.Self‐care behaviour can be influenced by multi‐dimensional factors, including cognitive factors, such as knowledge and self‐efficacy, and social and environmental factors, such as social support. What this paper adds? Grit—a behavioural supporting element—was confirmed as a factor influencing the self‐care behaviour of patients with heart failure. The implications of this paper: Interventions for enhancing patients' grit should be developed; self‐efficacy, social support and heart failure knowledge for patients with heart failure should be considered in clinical nursing settings.Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate senior baccalaureate nursing students' knowledge and visual differentiation ability for the pressure injury classification system (PICS) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire with 120 senior baccalaureate nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using a knowledge test (KT) and a visual differentiation tool (VDT) based on 21 photographs with clinical information related to PICS and IAD. Results: Students had relatively high KT scores (62.6%), and low VDT scores (35.6%). Critical issues in this study were nursing students' lack of an adequate visual differentiation ability to accurately assess the stage of pressure injury and IAD and their higher level of confusion in identifying unstageable, deep tissue injuries, and IAD compared to stage 1-4 injuries. Satisfaction with education (r=.20, p<.05) and exposure to various teaching methods (r=.21, p<.05) exhibited significant correlations with higher VDT scores. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that increasing students' satisfaction with their education and applying various teaching methods can contribute to the improvement of visual differentiation ability in PICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses' turnover intention has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotional labor is reportedly high among nurses in Korea, and a positive psychological capital can help reduce turnover intention. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors influencing turnover intention in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were collected from 155 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 at a university hospital in South Korea in March 2022. Self-reported and paper-based questionnaires on emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were employed. The mean values for emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were 54.52/80, 58.03/90, and 38.92/50, respectively, and 77.8% of nurses reported planning to quit working. Turnover intention correlated with emotional labor (r = 0.17; p = 0.041) and had no significant relationship with positive psychological capital. Sex (β = 0.24; p = 0.003) and emotional labor (β = 0.18; p = 0.019) affected turnover intention, with 9% explanatory power. Female nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 had a higher turnover intention than male nurses. Finally, the higher the emotional labor of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19, the higher the turnover intention. To reduce the turnover intention of nurses, hospitals need to help them enhance their emotional labor and positive psychological capital by establishing measures such as emotional coaching programs or psychological capital interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine age-related risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with asthma. Methods: Data were obtained from a national survey of non-hospitalized civilians conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CRS diagnosis was based on the guidelines of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Asthma was judged based on whether the patient had been diagnosed with asthma in the past. Of the 45,811 survey participants, 26,335 were included in the cross-sectional study. Participants included in the study were divided into the control, CRS, and CRS with asthma groups. Age-related risk factors were analyzed in patients aged < 60 or > 60 years. Univariate logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between groups. Risk factors included age, sex, household income, residence, education level, occupation, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Education level (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.342, P =.0003), BMI (OR: 1.09, P =.0082), and total IgE (TIgE) levels (OR: 5.582, P =.003) were significantly different between the control and the CRS with asthma group. Education level (OR: 0.478, P =.0016) and TIgE levels (OR: 4, P =.0218) were significantly different between the CRS and CRS with asthma groups under 60 years of age. BMI (OR: 1.087, P =.0443; OR: 1.104, P =.0224) showed a significant difference between all three groups with age > 60 years. Conclusion: Progression to CRS with asthma is influenced by education level, occupation, and TIgE levels in patients under 60 years of age. BMI was the only influencing factor associated with the progression to CRS with asthma in those aged > 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care. Background: Patient safety competency and systems thinking are important nurse attributes that promote patient safety. Missed nursing care is known to negatively impact patient safety. However, how nurses' patient safety competency and systems thinking relate to missed nursing care is unknown. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey design was used to collect data from nurses practicing in two general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected between 3 March and 17 April 2020. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses providing direct care in general and specialty units. Patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care were measured using reliable and valid instruments. A total of 432 complete sets of data were used in final analysis. Results: Higher patient safety competency of nurses was associated with lower missed nursing care. Systems thinking partially mediated the relationship between knowledge of patient safety competency and missed nursing care, and attitudes of patient safety competency and missed nursing care. Conclusions: The knowledge, skills and attitudes sub‐scales of patient safety competency showed somewhat different effects in the relationship between missed nursing care and systems thinking, suggesting that each attribute may tap into a separate aspect of patient safety. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Patient safety can be threatened when nurses are not competent to provide safe care to patients.Systems thinking is an essential nurse attribute that enhances patient safety competency.Greater missed nursing care has been associated with negative patient outcomes including adverse events such as medication error, fall with injury and patient mortality. What this paper adds? Higher patient safety competency of nurses was associated with less missed nursing care.Nurses' systems thinking had a mediating effect on the relationship between the patient safety knowledge and attitude competencies and missing nursing care.Nurses' systems thinking had the effect of reducing missed nursing care, but only when nurses exhibited patient safety knowledge and attitude competencies. The implications of this paper: By enhancing patient safety competency, missed nursing care can be reduced and negative patient outcomes may decrease accordingly.Strategies to increase systems thinking should be applied as a way to reduce missed care and increase patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the distribution of foot conditions, the risk of foot ulceration and its associated factors in patients with diabetes. Few studies have focused on the risk of foot ulceration in patients with diabetes. Methods: A total of 267 patients with diabetes who attended outpatient clinics in two tertiary referral hospitals were recruited from June to September 2016. The risk of foot ulceration was classified using the American Diabetes Association (ADA), International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) classification systems. The risk categories of each system were reclassified into high‐ (categories of 2 and 3 for the ADA and IWGDF systems and high for the SIGN system) and low‐risk. Results: Foot deformity was the most prevalent condition (38.2%). Among 261 patients without active ulcers, between 17.6% to 35.2% were classified in the high‐risk group and overall agreement among systems ranged from.42 to.56 of the kappa statistic. Insulin treatment was consistently associated with a high‐risk of foot ulceration. Conclusions: As the risk varies between systems, nurses should select a suitable classification system through validation studies and assess the risk in patients with diabetes, particularly, those receiving insulin treatment. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Foot ulceration is a major complication of diabetes and may cause serious health issues, adversely affecting the patient's quality of life.Although risk assessment of foot ulceration in patients with diabetes is regarded as a critical preventive measure, implementation of diabetic foot examinations by health‐care providers varies among countries.Only 6.1% of patients with diabetes have received a foot examination in the last 2 years in South Korea, and there are few studies on the distribution of risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration. What this paper adds? Among participants, 73.4% had at least one foot condition and between 17.6% to 35.2% of patients were classified in the high‐risk group, depending on the system.Overall agreement among systems ranged from.42 to.56 of the kappa statistic.Participants with diabetes on insulin treatment were found to be at a higher risk of foot ulceration. The implications of this paper: As the risk of foot ulceration varies between international systems, nurses need to select the most suitable one through validation studies.Although the prevalence of active foot ulcers is very low, two to four of every 10 patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics in tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea are at high‐risk for foot ulceration. Therefore, nurses should regularly assess the risk of foot ulceration, particularly in high‐risk patients, such as those receiving insulin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing job performance among Korean and Mongolian nurses. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors affecting job performance among Korean and Mongolian nurses. In Korea, data collected using paper questionnaires from 129 nurses in wards caring for cancer patients were analyzed. In Mongolia, data from 131 individuals collected through an online questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0 were utilized for data analysis. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that based on the Korean data, grit (β=35, p<.001) and social support (β=.29, p=.001) were the main variables explaining job performance. The explanatory power of the model was approximately 41%. Meanwhile, multiple regression analysis of the Mongolian data revealed grit (β=.37, p=.001) and age (β=-.19, p=.027) as the main variables explaining job performance. The explanatory power of the model was approximately 8%. Conclusion: Grit strongly affected the job performance of nurses in both countries. Their grit may be improved by developing educational programs that help nurses clearly set self-development goals and ultimately improve their job performance. As social support also significantly affected the job performance of Korean nurses, this factor may be considered in improving the job performance of nurses in Mongolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Language learners are taking advantage of the increased accuracy afforded by machine translation (MT) tools like Google Translate. There is a growing debate as to whether these tools support or hinder English as a foreign language (EFL) education. Some EFL students are drawn to MT tools to save time and energy when communicating, but how this use relates to second language acquisition needs to be clarified. Objective: This study investigated the perceptions and practices of MT tools among university EFL students in Saudi Arabia and South Korea. Methods: The study surveyed Saudi (n = 310) and South Korean (n = 160) university students to explore the use of MT tools in EFL learning. It used mean scores, correlation analysis, and structural equation modelling to understand the perceived benefits and limitations of MT tools and their influence on the use of translation websites. The findings were triangulated using content analysis of open‐ended items. Results and Conclusion: Findings indicate students showed a high level of acceptance and utilization of MT tools. English avoidance behaviour (B = 0.43), benefits (B = 0.32), and foreign language proficiency (B = −0.19) predicted 61% of actual use of MT tools like Google Translate. Further, students frequently used MT tools despite the reported concerns about accuracy mistakes. Saudi students listed a more comprehensive array of why they use MT tools than Korean students, while Saudis and Koreans frequently used MT tools for individual word and sentence translations. Implications: Students should edit MT output when writing and are encouraged to use the voice recording and other functions of MT tools to learn language skills. Instructors must prevent overuse and dependency on MT tools, especially among low‐proficiency students who want to avoid using English. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Students use translation tools to complete foreign language assignmentsStudents have a positive view towards translation toolsInstructors have mixed feelings on their students' use of translation tools What their paper adds to this: A mixed method study to learn strengths and limitations with translation toolsCross‐cultural study to compare perceptions from two regionsIdentified benefits to pronunciation skills through voice recording functionsLimitations with translation accuracy did not negatively influence actual use Implications of study findings for practitioners: Identified benefits with translation tools can be applied to writing instructionLimitations identified including over‐dependency and cheating should be avoidedStudents are recommended to use the speech function to practice pronunciationPost‐editing (revising) is an important part of using translation tools [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate potential factors that influence nursing performance in South Korean intensive care units (ICUs). Background: As nursing performance is directly related to patient outcomes in the ICU setting, identifying factors related to nursing performance at various levels could contribute to improving those outcomes. Method: A cross‐sectional descriptive design was employed with a convenience sample of 177 nurses having worked at least 6 months in an ICU. Data were collected from 2 to 16 March 2018. Results: Workplace incivility from supervisors and patients and their families was negatively related to nursing performance, whereas a relation‐oriented culture and task‐oriented culture were positively related to nursing performance. The factors that predicted nursing performance were nurse age and a task‐oriented culture. Conclusion: Based on study findings, hospitals should focus on mitigating workplace incivility to help improve the nursing performance. Also, hospitals should develop strategies to assess organizational culture and foster relation‐ and task‐oriented culture to maximize nursing performance. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Nursing performance is an important predictor of patient outcomes in intensive care units.Although multiple factors affect nursing performance, previous studies have addressed those factors only individually or in pairs. What this paper adds? This article assesses multiple factors that influence nursing performance in the intensive care unit setting, including interactional, organizational and societal factors. Among those factors, workplace incivility of supervisors and of patients and their families was negatively correlated with nursing performance.Organizational factors such as relation‐oriented and task‐oriented culture were positively correlated with nursing performance.Greater nurse age and working in a task‐oriented culture predicted greater nursing performance. The implications of this paper: Nursing managers should foster a task‐oriented culture for intensive care unit nurses to enhance their practice performance and thus improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the nursing stress factors, which affect turnover intention in hospital nurses. Background: Nursing stress is known to be an important predictor of turnover intention in nurses. Although nurses experience various sources of stress across work environments, cultures, and generations, little is known about the stress factors affecting turnover intention in nurses. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional design was employed. Methods: A total of 329 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling from 27 hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from May to November 2018 using a questionnaire. Results: Among the stress factors, stress from patients and their families, workload stress, stress from conflicts with supervisors, and stress from conflicts with peers were associated with turnover intention in hospital nurses. These variables explained 40.0% of the variance in turnover intention among hospital nurses. Conclusions: Stress from interpersonal relationships with patients and their families, supervisors, and peers may have a considerable impact on turnover intention. To reduce nursing turnover intention, coping strategies to reduce stress from patients and their families should be established. It is necessary to provide programmes that foster interpersonal relationship skills in the workplace. Nurse managers may encourage communication among nurses to establish positive relationships. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about the topic? Nurses' turnover continues to remain a challenging issue across work environments, cultures, and generations.Nursing stress has a great impact on turnover intention in hospital nurses. However, little is known about the stress factors that affect turnover intention in nurses. What this paper adds? Among the nursing stress factors, stress from patients and families had a strong effect on turnover intention in hospital nurses, followed by stress from workload, conflicts with supervisors, and conflicts with peers. The implications of this paper: Our findings suggest that stress from interpersonal relationships might have a considerable impact on turnover intention.Coping strategies to reduce stress from patients and family need to be first established to reduce the turnover intention in hospital nurses.Nurse managers should be aware of the effects of interpersonal relationships on turnover intention and encourage communication among nurses to establish positive relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various facets of health. While mental health became a major concern during the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact on the migrants' mental health has still been neglected. The purpose of this study was to examine the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of immigrants in South Korea. Methods: A total number of 386 immigrants in South Korea participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The standardized e-questionnaire, including the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, was used to measure the anxiety level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants of anxiety disorders among immigrants. Results: The prevalence of severe anxiety among immigrants was found to be 47.2%. Female immigrants (28.6%) had a lower anxiety disorder than males (71.4%). Immigrants who were married, living alone, had a low income, had a history of health problems were suffered from moderate to severe anxiety. Immigrants who were unemployed (OR 2.302, 95% CI = 1.353–3.917) and lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 outbreak (OR 2.197, 95% CI = 1.312–3.678) have a higher anxiety disorder. Immigrants aged over 30 years were found to suffer from a high level of anxiety (OR 2.285, 95% CI = 1.184–4.410). Relief support from the government was significantly associated with anxiety disorder among immigrants (p < 0.01, OR = 3.151, 95% CI = 1.962–5.061). Conclusion: With very limited studies on immigrants' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides scientific research evidence of the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of migrants. Our study has consequences for implementing integrated psychological interventions and health promotion strategies for the well-being of immigrants' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The importance of and interest in nurses' attitudes towards and subjective experience with workplace violence in clinical settings is increasing.The prevalence of patient‐perpetrated violence against Korean nurses in hospital settings is highly prevalent.Only few instruments are available to measure the nurses' perception of patient aggression in Korea. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This is the first study to assess the linguistic and psychometric reliability and validity of an instrument that evaluates the attitude of Korean nursing staff towards patient‐perpetrated workplace violence. What are the implications for practice?: This valid and reliable instrument could be used to assess and monitor the nurses' attitudes towards aggressive tendencies in the workplace.The results could contribute to the development of relevant interventions for coping with violence by patients towards nursing staff and the implementation of practical training to cultivate healthy perceptions towards patients to foster therapeutic nurse–patient relationships. Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of patient‐perpetrated violence against Korean nurses globally, reliable and valid measures of patient aggression are lacking in Korean. Aim: We translated the 12‐item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) into Korean and psychometrically assessed its utility in measuring nurses' attitudes towards aggression. Methods: The 12‐item Korean POAS was obtained through forward–backward translation and cognitive debriefing. It was administered online to 319 nurses (mean age = 32.64 years; females = 96.2%), of which 206 completed it again after two weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 3‐factor structure as hypothesized in the original version. The intra‐class correlation coefficient was used to assess the test–retest reliability. Results: The originally hypothesized 3‐factor structure showed a good fit. The 3 dimensions: aggression as a dysfunctional or undesirable phenomenon, aggression as a functional or comprehensible phenomenon, and aggression as a protective measure had internal consistencies of 0.74, 0.86 and 0.90 and corresponding ICCs of 0.70, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Discussion: The 12‐item Korean POAS is a valid and reliable scale that might aid investigating nurses' attitudes towards patient aggression. Implications for practice: The 12‐item Korean POAS can help Korean nurses adopt protective behaviours and develop interventions to cope with aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The awareness for the need for end‐of‐life care has increased among noncancer patients. However, studies on the topic have rarely targeted the needs of noncancer patients who want to die at home. This study assessed the end‐of‐life care needs of noncancer patients who were receiving care and wanted to die at home. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used and involved 200 participants who were diagnosed as noncancer patients and receiving home care nursing. Data were collected on demographics, disease, Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) scores, and end‐of‐life care needs, in April and May, 2016. Results: Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives." Multivariate analysis revealed that the duration of home care nursing held a significant association with end‐of‐life care needs. Conclusion: By reflecting on the comprehensive care needs of patients with chronic illnesses and including them in the care process, it will be possible to provide better quality palliative care to patients at home in the end‐of‐life stages. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage have complex needs and problems that are difficult to solve, compared with cancer patients.Noncancer patients need to receive effective symptom management or sufficient support for satisfactory care.End‐of‐life care is still mainly focused on cancer patients and attention to noncancer patients is lacking. What this paper adds? Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives."Duration of home care nursing and an income level were significantly associated with higher end‐of‐life care needs. The implications of this paper: Home care nurses must clearly assess the care needs of noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage and subsequently provide comprehensive patient‐centered care based on this assessment.It is important to adjust the care direction between patient, family, and medical staff from early on for patients who want to die at home.The results highlight needs for the development of interventions that focus on the duration of home care nursing of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of how psychological capital (PsyCap) influences job performance. The authors do so through adopting a moderated mediation framework. Specifically, the authors investigate the mediation role of informal learning in the PsyCap–job performance relationship and the moderating role of person–environment fit, i.e. the extent to which individual and organizational characteristics are compatible, in influencing the mediation. Design/methodology/approach: The final sample consisted of 221 employees and their supervisors in South Korea. Findings: The authors found that PsyCap had an indirect effect on job performance through informal learning. Moreover, the indirect effect of PsyCap on job performance through informal learning became stronger with low levels of person–organization (PO) and person–job (PJ) fit. Research limitations/implications: The authors cannot completely rule out the effects of common method bias due to the cross-sectional research design. Practical implications: The results reinforce the need for managers to understand employees' level of PsyCap and take actions to enhance it because PsyCap can affect the extent to which individuals engage in informal learning, which in turn influences their job performance. Originality/value: This paper adds to our understanding of the mechanisms and boundary conditions responsible for the PsyCap–job performance relationship. The authors found that informal learning operates as a mediator and both PO and PJ fit moderate the PsyCap–job performance relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) both are legal consumer products in the Republic of Korea. Little is known about perceptions of harmfulness of HTPs and NVPs relative to cigarettes in South Korea among adults who smoke, and how exposure to marketing may be associated with harmfulness perceptions. METHODS This study used data from the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Korea Survey, and included 3713 adult (aged 19 years) cigarette smokers who were: 1) exclusive smokers (n=1845); 2) dual HTP + cigarette consumers (n=1130); 3) dual NVP + cigarette consumers (n=224); and 4) triple consumers (all three products, n=514). Weighted multinomial regression models were conducted to estimate smokers' perceptions of harmfulness of HTPs and NVPs compared to cigarettes, NVPs to HTPs, and self-reported exposure to HTP/NVP advertising. Analyses compared the perceptions of harmfulness between the four different consumer groups, and tested whether exposure to HTP/NVP advertising was associated with perceptions of lower relative harm. RESULTS Among all respondents, 27.5% believe that HTPs are less harmful than cigarettes and 23.4% believe that NVPs are less harmful than cigarettes. Exclusive cigarettes smokers were significantly less likely to perceive that HTPs and NVPs are less harmful than cigarettes compared to dual HTP + cigarette consumers, dual NVP + cigarette consumers, and triple consumers (all p<0.001). Half of respondents perceive NVPs as equally harmful as HTPs (14.1% perceive NVPs as more harmful than HTPs). Exposure to HTP/NVP advertising was associated with perceiving these products as less harmful than cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS About one-quarter of Korean cigarette smokers perceive HTPs and NVPs as less harmful than cigarettes. Further investigation is required to understand how harm perceptions and HTP/NVP advertising are related to changes in product use, such as switching between products, using multiple products, or discontinuing all product use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing & Health Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to investigate respondents’ satisfaction with smart device-based testing (SBT), as well as its convenience and advantages, in order to improve its implementation. The survey was conducted among 108 junior medical students at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Korea, who took a practice licensing examination using SBT in September 2015. The survey contained 28 items scored using a 5-point Likert scale. The items were divided into the following three categories: satisfaction with SBT administration, convenience of SBT features, and advantages of SBT compared to paper-and-pencil testing or computer-based testing. The reliability of the survey was 0.95. Of the three categories, the convenience of the SBT features received the highest mean (M) score (M= 3.75, standard deviation [SD]= 0.69), while the category of satisfaction with SBT received the lowest (M= 3.13, SD= 1.07). No statistically significant differences across these categories with respect to sex, age, or experience were observed. These results indicate that SBT was practical and effective to take and to administer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to explore the role of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and identify the importance and performance of the role as well as the factors that affect the professional recognition of their role. Methods: A total of 102 CRCs from 10 hospitals were recruited for a survey. The Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire scale developed by Ehrenberger and Lillington was used to collect data for the importance–performance analysis. The importance and performance data were plotted on a two‐dimensional grid, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors on the CRC role. Results: The influencing factors on the importance of the CRC role were frequency of protocol assessment, implementation and evaluation and professional nursing role performance. The influencing factors on performance were formal education and training in clinical research, institutional career ladder system for professional development and identification as a principal investigator in research studies. The influencing factor on the professional nursing role perception was the lower component of the 'performance of professional nursing role'. Conclusion: Formal educational preparation, identification as a principal investigator in research studies and clear career progression are supportive factors to the professional recognition of CRC as a specialized nursing role. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Clinical trials ultimately contribute to improving public health.A clinical trial process should cover a number of tasks, such as provision of study information to patients, recruitment of patients, screening and obtainment of their consent.Clinical trial nurses affect the quality of clinical trials, but little is described about the scope and contribution of their roles in clinical trials. What is already known about this topic? This study explored the role of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and their professional role recognition in the wake of policy changes in South Korea since 2015.Formal education, role delineation and career ladder schemes are critical factors to the career advancement of CRCs, as shown in the study results.Identifying the changes and effects of the relevant policy has implications to the South Korean context and beyond, serving as a reference for countries considering setting up CRC roles or establishing an educational system for CRCs. The implications of this paper: Formal education, role delineation and career ladder schemes are critical factors to the career advancement of CRCs.To improve the performance and professional awareness of CRCs, a government‐led system and policies on formal education and career ladder are needed so that CRCs can fulfil their role in improving public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to measure the frequency of spiritual needs, identify the factors associated with these needs among Korean and American persons living with an advance chronic illness and compare them from a cross‐cultural perspective. Background: Persons with serious or life‐limiting illnesses often have spiritual needs. Unmet spiritual needs are associated with poor well‐being and threaten psychological health. Little is known about how specific spiritual needs vary across cultures. Design: A quantitative, cross‐sectional, observational cross‐cultural comparison was undertaken. Methods: The study has been prepared in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from outpatient clinics in South Korea and Southern California (N = 202). Spiritual needs were measured using the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT); demographic and illness‐related variables were also assessed using paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires. Data were analysed using various parametric statistical tests, including multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings quantify the intensity and types of spiritual needs that persons living with an advanced chronic illness experience. Furthermore, they show how the spiritual needs of religiously diverse samples of South Koreans and Americans differ. The findings also indicate that self‐reported spirituality and religiosity independently explain a substantial amount of the variance in spiritual needs. Conclusions: In both the samples, spiritual needs were reported and associated with spirituality and religiosity. Although all the eight domains of spiritual needs assessed by the SpIRIT were pertinent to the Korean and American samples, they were prioritised differently. Relevance to clinical practice: Screening patients to ascertain how important spirituality or religiosity is to them may help clinicians focus their in‐depth assessments on those who report high levels of spirituality or religiosity because these patients may experience the strongest spiritual needs. The SpIRIT shows promise as a measure of diverse spiritual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An association between health literacy and health outcomes has been widely reported in the literature. However, models exploring the links between health literacy and the outcomes of health literacy need further testing. The purpose of this study was to examine the pathways of health literacy on diabetes self‐care activities amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey using secondary data analysis was conducted on 155 patients with Type 2 diabetes recruited from the diabetes clinics of two university hospitals in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Structural equation modelling analysis using bootstrapping was carried out using the AMOS software. Results: Health literacy had no significant direct effect on diabetes self‐care activities. Rather, health literacy had a significant indirect effect on diabetes self‐care activities mediated through diabetes knowledge and patient activation. Conclusion: These findings indicate that interventions intended to improve self‐care activity amongst older adults with low health literacy should include strategies to enhance patients' knowledge, as well as their activation for diabetes self‐care. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Health literacy is known to be a factor influencing self‐management of patients with diabetes.Low level of health literacy is associated with adverse health outcomes of patients with chronic illness.It is important to understand the processes through which health literacy affects health outcomes. What is already known about this topic? Health literacy had a significant direct effect on knowledge and patient activation but not on diabetes self‐care activities.Health literacy had a significant indirect effect on diabetes self‐care activities mediated through diabetes knowledge and patient activation. The implications of this paper: Interventions intended to improve self‐care activities amongst older adults with low health literacy should include strategies to enhance patients' knowledge, as well as their activation for diabetes self‐care.For patients with low health literacy, information processing should be used to facilitate the advancement of their knowledge and the subsequent influence of this knowledge on diabetes self‐care activities.Patient activation should be encouraged by nurses during interactions with patients with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Pre‐ and postmenopausal women (PPW) experience changes in physical, psychological and social health. South‐East Asia's female suicide rate is the highest compared with other countries, and the suicide rate of PPW in these countries continues to increase.The most influential factor in Asian women's suicidal ideation is family conflict; specifically, if PPW in South Korea cannot express their anger, it results in a culture‐bound syndrome called "Hwa‐Byung." However, there is a lack of research on Asian PPW. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study found differences in individual‐ and community‐level factors affecting suicidal ideation between pre‐ and postmenopausal women.Individual factors that commonly affected suicidal ideation were experiencing violence, stress and depression. Individual factors that affected the suicidal ideation of premenopausal women more than postmenopausal women were religious beliefs, alcohol use and chronic disease.Community level factors affecting suicidal ideation were locational depression and locational counselling for stress in premenopausal women and locational counselling for depression in postmenopausal women. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses could help prevent suicide by developing and applying community‐based programmes for PPW, considering the specific socio‐economic and cultural context and characteristics of Asian women.Mental health nurses could help PPW participate in programmes by preparing various interventions such as case management, personal counselling, physical activity, home‐based mental health services, cognitive behavioural therapy and digital interventions for self‐management.Mental health nurses need to prepare various methods such as online, offline, individual and group methods to work effectively in any social situation. Introduction: Pre‐ and postmenopausal women (PPW) experience physical and psychological changes with hormonal changes. Among Asian middle‐aged women, family and culture affect suicidal ideation, and the suicide rate among this population is increasing. There are few existing research on suicidal ideation among Asian PPW. Aim: We examined individual‐ and community‐level factors that predict suicidal ideation among PPW. Method: Large‐scale panel data from 5,154 South Korean PPW aged 35–64 years were used in a series of multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation at individual and community levels. Results: Among premenopausal women, religious beliefs, alcohol use, chronic disease, experience of violence, stress and depression were individual‐level factors. Locational depression and locational counselling for stress were community‐level factors. Among postmenopausal women, experience of violence, stress, depression and perceived health status were individual level factors, and locational counselling for depression was a community level factor. Discussion: Suicidal ideation among PPW is affected by both individual and community level factors. Nurses must comprehensively determine what risk factors affect suicidal ideation through various intervention methods—including online, offline, individual and group methods—while considering socio‐economic situations. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses should provide targeted biopsychosocial interventions targeting psychosocial and physical problems and promoting the use of community resources to reduce PPW's suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of an employee’s consideration of future consequences (CFCs) in predicting employee task performance and its situational contexts (i.e. organizational support and supervisor support) based on trait activation theory.Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional field study design, data were collected from 189 employees and their immediate supervisors in South Korea.Findings Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that employees’ CFC has a positive effect on their task performance. Furthermore, this study investigated whether this relationship would be varied by relevant situational factors. Consistent with the hypotheses, the relevance of CFC to employees’ task performance would be stronger when they perceive low levels of organizational support based on trait activation theory.Practical implications The findings suggest the importance of employees’ CFC on task performance. Also, organizations should pay more attention to the way of compensating for employees with low levels of CFC by fostering supportive environment.Originality/value Although researchers have been examined long-term perspectives in the business field, a few studies have examined its effect at the individual level. This paper identified not only the main effect of CFC on employee task performance but also the moderating role of organizational support on the aforementioned relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

introduction Occupational health nurses (OHNs) in South Korea who visit the workplace periodically could play a key role in smoking cessation. It would be helpful to assess their understanding of smoking hazards and smoking cessation methods to encourage them to provide smoking intervention services at the workplace. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of smoking hazards and perceptions of smoking cessation methods among OHNs. methods We conducted an anonymous self-administered cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 108 OHN nurses employed in an occupational health service outsourcing specialized agency with 19 regional branches in Korea from July to August 2019. We assessed the perceptions of the OHNs about smoking interventions, hazards of smoking, and perceived competence to counsel smokers according to training experience, using chi-squared tests and Fisher's exact tests. results The majority of the nurses underestimated the smoking-attributable fraction for lung cancer (78.7%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (64.8%), and mortality (49.0%), regardless of training experience on smoking cessation, while more than half perceived their skill and knowledge to counsel patients concerning smoking as inadequate (56.5%). However, those trained in smoking cessation interventions felt more competent in smoking cessation counselling, with 52.2% and 29.3% in the trained and non-trained groups, respectively (p=0.019). conclusions The OHNs in this study underestimated smoking hazards and perceived themselves as lacking counselling skills regarding smoking cessation interventions. It is necessary to encourage OHNs to promote smoking cessation by increasing their knowledge, skills and competence in smoking cessation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study investigated how patient safety is currently taught in pre‐registration nursing programmes across South Korea and explored nurse educators' perspectives on curriculum change. Background: Pre‐graduate education plays a critical role in preparing nurses with the requisite patient safety competencies. However, little is known about how patient safety education is addressed in South Korean nursing schools or the perspectives of nurse educators regarding patient safety education and a need for change. Methods: This descriptive study used data collected during a 2019 accreditation workshop provided by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education. A paper‐and‐pencil survey was completed by 80 nurse educators working in 16 regions throughout Korea. Results: A little consistency was found in approaches to teaching patient safety. Patient safety topics are addressed throughout various nursing courses, and patient safety education is limited in hours of instruction and breadth of content. A majority of respondents indicated that additional supports are needed, including a national standardized curriculum for patient safety education. Conclusion: A new approach to teaching patient safety is needed in Korean pre‐registration nursing education. Overall, patient safety education is limited and provided through a fragmented approach with little attention to systems, workplace design or human issues that are necessary for developing the critical reasoning and skills to support patient safety. Implications for nursing policy: The accrediting and regulatory bodies in South Korea should work together to develop and implement explicit standards of patient safety education and patient safety competencies for nursing students. Development of a standardized national curriculum is essential for providing a consistent, systematic and comprehensive approach to patient safety education in nursing programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Adolescents who partake in one health risk behaviour (HRB) easily adopt other HRBs, simultaneously or subsequently.Multiple HRBs might threaten adolescents' future health in adulthood.Adolescents with psychological problems have higher rates of smoking, alcohol use, early sexual initiation and activity, and illicit substance use compared with others. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: A considerable number of Korean adolescents with mental health problems were engaged in multiple HRBs. For those with mental health problems, more than half of the Korean adolescents with multiple HRBs tended to use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently.Korean adolescents who felt depressed and had suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs.Substance abuse is the most prevalent problem that is combined with other HRBs among those with depression and suicidal ideation compared to those who exhibited other HRBs. What are the implications for practice?: When mental health nurses working in schools and community centres for mental health identify Korean adolescents with significant depression and suicide ideation levels, they should also assess adolescents' engagement in multiple HRBs.Population‐based campaigns and policy changes that emphasize both psychological health and risky behaviour reduction among adolescents should be provided simultaneously to students and school nurses. Introduction: There is limited understanding about whether poor mental health is associated with certain combinations of multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs) such as smoking, drinking, early sexual activity and substance abuse. Aim: To determine the prevalence of multiple HRBs and to identify associations between poor mental health and multiple HRBs as the number of HRBs increases. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey (N = 65,528). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted using the complex sample data. Results: Overall, 28.6% and 13.9% of Korean adolescents were involved in one or multiple HRBs, respectively. Adolescents who were depressed (OR = 1.43–4.47, 95% CI = 1.37–1.49 to 3.23–6.20) and/or who had suicidal ideation (OR = 1.33–3.19, 95% CI = 1.25–1.42 to 2.25–4.51) were more likely to engage in multiple HRBs. Discussion: A considerable numbers of Korean adolescents are engaged in multiple HRBs. When adolescents self‐reported depression and suicidal ideation, they were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs than single HRB. Implications for practice: Tailored interventions to decrease multiple HRBs should be designed and provided by considering adolescents' mental health status and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined whether the individual and organisational factors of ecological systems theory are associated with job satisfaction among nurses in South Korea. Background: Nursing shortages and high turnover rates are a global issue in healthcare settings, and job satisfaction is significantly associated with the turnover intention of nurses. Therefore, efforts to promote job satisfaction are needed to decrease the high turnover rates among nurses and promote care quality and patient safety. Design: A cross‐sectional study was performed. This paper adhered to the STROBE guidelines. Methods: A sample of 438 nurses working in five secondary or tertiary hospitals was surveyed. The study instruments included work–life balance, resilience, insomnia and job satisfaction. Results: Using multilevel analysis, both individual and organisational factors were associated significantly with job satisfaction, and variance at the group level accounted for 19.98% of the total variance of job satisfaction. Among the individual factors, marital status and work–life balance were significantly associated with job satisfaction. At the organisational level, the group mean resilience score was significantly associated with job satisfaction (p <.05). Conclusion: The psychosocial characteristics of individual nurses and their affiliated groups (nursing units) were significant in explaining the job satisfaction of nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: Both individual‐focused and group‐focused interventions are needed to improve job satisfaction and decrease the turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Mental health treatments have become patient‐centred. Evaluating recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community can help to develop better client‐centred services.Community integration is critical to recovery in patients with mental health difficulties. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: This is the first study to use a single integrated measure of mental health recovery to evaluate the effect of community integration.Physical community integration was the easiest goal for most to reach. Developing independence/self‐actualization was harder.In mental health recovery, most people were able to overcome stuckness. Developing abilities for basic functioning was harder.Participating in mental health centre day programmes promoted mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community.Independence/self‐actualization, psychological integration and social support improved mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community. What are the implications for practice?: There is a need to develop and actively promote programmes that attract people with mental health difficulties living in the community so that they will actively use mental health centre services.Offering systematic social skills training and occupational rehabilitation therapy to people with mental health difficulties living in the community may help them function independently.Mental health service programmes should provide volunteer opportunities for people with mental health difficulties living in the community to facilitate a sense of belonging.Mental health nurses should serve as a social support resource for people with mental health difficulties living in the community by providing education to family and friends on how to support patients' recovery, and invigorating integration projects such as "making healthy friends." Introduction: Although community integration of people with mental health difficulties and a consumer‐centred recovery paradigm are of global importance, little research has been conducted on community integration factors that directly affect mental health recovery. Aim: This study investigated the relationship between community integration and mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community in South Korea. Method: Data were collected from 155 people with mental health difficulties living in the community, using the Self‐Reporting Scale of Community Integration and the Mental Health Recovery Measure (Korean version), and analysed using hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Among the community integration subscales, independence/self‐actualization, psychological integration and social support were significant factors in mental health recovery, explaining 47.3% of the variance. Discussion: An effective intervention strategy for mental health recovery of people with mental health difficulties living in the community may reinforce community integration by carefully considering independence/self‐actualization, psychological integration and social support. Implications for practice: Mental health nurses should provide intervention to people with mental health difficulties living in the community to help them develop strategies for functioning independently, experiencing a sense of achievement and developing a sense belonging in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Despite the increase of studies into the predictors of psychological distress, few have attempted to address the mediation of stress in the relationship between early trauma and psychological distress., What does this paper add to existing knowledge? In this study, college students with trauma exposure before the age of 18 years reported high levels of college life stress and psychological distress. In addition, of the subcategories of early trauma, emotional abuse was most highly correlated with current stress and psychological distress., This paper confirmed the partial mediating effect of stress between early trauma and psychological distress among Korean college students. In other words, this study found a direct effect of early trauma on current psychological distress and an indirect effect of early trauma on psychological distress mediated through life stress., What are the implications for practice? Early trauma and stress should be considered when developing interventions for college students' mental health, although individuals with trauma exposure have difficulties disclosing their traumatic event. Therefore, we suggest that stress management may be easier to apply and more effective in promoting college students' mental health than trauma-focused interventions., Abstract Introduction Research has shown that early trauma and stress may affect current psychological distress. However, few studies have attempted to address the mediation of stress between early trauma and psychological distress. Aim This cross-sectional observational study aimed to examine the mediating effects of stress on the association between early trauma and psychological distress in Korean college students. Method Participants included 216 college students (51.4% male) who completed self-report questionnaires assessing early trauma, college life stress, and psychological distress. Results Early trauma, stress, and psychological distress were significantly correlated. Of the subcategories of early trauma, emotional abuse was most highly correlated with stress and psychological distress. The bootstrapping results indicate that stress is a partial mediator between early trauma and psychological distress after controlling for covariates including socioeconomic status, habitation status, and gender. Discussion The results imply that both early trauma and stress should be considered when developing interventions for college students' mental health. However, individuals with trauma exposure tend to have difficulties disclosing their traumatic event. Therefore, we suggest that stress management may be more feasible and effective in promoting college students' mental health than trauma-focused interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effects of spousal support and parent–nurse partnership on caregiver burden of parents of children with chronic disease. Background: With the trend of increasing the global number of children with chronic diseases, the parental caregiver burden has become increasingly prevalent. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study participants included 115 parents of children diagnosed with chronic disease at a general hospital in South Korea. The study duration was 4 June 2021–30 April 2022. Self‐reported measures included the parent–nurse partnership scale, the Korean version of the Parenting Alliance Inventory and the family caregiver burden scale. T‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear multiple regression were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0. This study followed STROBE guideline. Results: Parental caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with spousal support and parent–nurse partnership. Factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were parental alcohol consumption; child's inherited metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, disease relating to haematological tumours or kidney disease diagnosis; child's health perceived as poor by parents; child's dependency perceived as high by parents; hospitalization recency; and low spousal support. These factors accounted for 65% of caregiver burden. Conclusion: Parental caregiver burden was related to spousal support and parent–nurse partnership, but the primary factor affecting caregiver burden was spousal support. Relevance to clinical practice: The results highlighted the role of healthcare professionals in educating parents of children with chronic diseases to facilitate spousal support and have implications for nursing and community‐based interventions to reduce parental caregiver burden. Furthermore, they underlined that policymakers and other stakeholders should pay attention to the parental caregiver burden through government‐based, family‐centered strategies. Patient or public contribution: Parents of children with chronic disease were recruited to perform the self‐administered survey in the phase of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prescription drug misuse has been identified as a global issue of concern. Nurses' prescription drug misuse is linked to personal health problems and impaired nursing care. This study explored the level of South Korean hospital nurses' prescription drug misuse and examined associations with workplace access and burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 1142 nurses working in South Korean hospital settings. Nurses completed the online survey anonymously. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and Shapley value assessment were conducted. Results: Pain relievers (44.2%), IV drips (26.8%), and antibiotics (13.5%) were the most commonly misused drugs among hospital nurses. Accessibility in the workplace was high, with nurses reporting frequent administration of IV drips, pain relievers, and antibiotics and perceiving these drugs as easily accessible. Logistic regression demonstrated that perceived availability was significantly related to misuse across all drug types. Burnout was associated with IV drips, sleeping pills, and steroids, increasing the likelihood of misuse. Shapley feature importance analysis highlighted perceived availability as the most influential factor for IV drips, pain relievers, and steroids, while burnout emerged as crucial for antibiotics and sleeping pills. Notably, age played a significant role in appetite suppressant misuse, distinguishing it from other drugs. Conclusion: Our results revealed that workplace access and burnout are associated with nurses' prescription drug misuse. Effective educational strategies are essential for enhancing nurses' willingness to seek help for personal health issues. Hospital organizations play a crucial role in facilitating access to healthcare and fostering a supportive environment for nurses to seek treatment when necessary. Additionally, governmental policies should prioritize the implementation of active surveillance systems to monitor medication usage in healthcare settings, thereby mitigating drug misuse among healthcare professionals. By addressing these issues, we can ensure the well-being of nurses and promote a safer healthcare environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the "Preparedness for Transition to Survivorship Care Instrument" (PTSCI) for cancer survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional study of cancer survivors in Korea was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the PTSCI. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and concurrent validity tests were conducted. Results: The EFA showed that the 7-factor structure of a 34-item PTSCI accounted for 61.5% of the total observed variance. In CFA, three competing models were created and compared to a 7-factor solution model. A 6-factor 31-item model showed the best fit and was chosen as the final PTSCI model. PTSCI is significantly associated with quality of life, psychological distress, and health promotion. Conclusions: PTSCI can be helpful in preparing for diverse psychosocial and behavioral issues faced by cancer survivors in the survivorship phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2–Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. First, we verified that the BOT-2 SF reflects developmental changes in motor skills. Second, we compared the BOT-2 SF scores to those of the BOT-2 CF. A total of 283 Korean school-age children performed the BOT-2. The differences in the BOT-2 SF point according to age group (7 years, 8–9 years, and 10–12 years) were analyzed. A correlation analysis of the standard scores between the BOT-2 SF and CF was conducted. The sensitivity and specificity of the BOT-2 SF were calculated in reference to its CF. Overall, the BOT-2 SF point scores increased with age. The correlation between the total scores of the BOT-2 SF and CF was strong. The BOT-2 SF had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 92%. This study has demonstrated the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. The BOT2 SF can be useful in screening Korean school-age children with motor skills problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of breast cancer recurrence by comparing the risk factors and lifestyle patterns related to breast cancer in Korean women with and without recurrence. Methods: This cross-sectional survey comprised 241 Korean women diagnosed with breast cancer who had received follow-up treatment. Participants were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul and an online social media platform for breast cancer patients. Data were collected either via online or a paper survey, using a structured questionnaire that included general and disease-related characteristics and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Recurrence of breast cancer was influenced by four factors; childbirth experience, consumption of green/yellow vegetables, drinking behavior, and recovery from fatigue after sleep. Prevalence of recurrent breast cancer was associated with no childbirth experience (OR=2.29, p=.010), fewer green/yellow vegetables (OR=0.71, p=.008), drinking behavior (OR=0.24, p=.001), and a lower level of recovery from fatigue after sleep (OR=0.51, p<.001). Conclusion: Aside from having experienced childbirth, this study identified several modifiable factors that influence breast cancer recurrence. Increasing green/ yellow vegetable intake, alleviating fatigue, and reducing alcohol intake are important. Intervention strategies in clinical research and practice can be applied to address risk factors and reduce the prevalence of recurrent breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Call centers in Korea have been found to be operated mainly by women, and they experience high levels of job-related stress. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of smoking among women in Korea's call centers is strikingly high. Little attention has been paid to the associations between smoking behavior and their emotional labor, occupational stress, and health-promotion behaviors. For this cross-sectional study, a paper-based survey was conducted in a sample of female employees in a credit card call center (N = 309). Among the participants, about 20% (n = 62) were current smokers. Smokers were less engaged in health-promotion behaviors than nonsmokers, and occupational stress was negatively associated with health-promoting behaviors in nonsmokers, but not in smokers. Smokers may use cigarettes as a way of alleviating the emotional burden of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper presents updated prevalence estimates of awareness, ever‐use, and current use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) from 14 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC Project) countries that have varying regulations governing NVP sales and marketing. Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements: A cross‐sectional analysis of adult (≥ 18 years) current smokers and ex‐smokers from 14 countries participating in the ITC Project. Data from the most recent survey questionnaire for each country were included, which spanned the period 2013–17. Countries were categorized into four groups based on regulations governing NVP sales and marketing (allowable or not), and level of enforcement (strict or weak where NVPs are not permitted to be sold): (1) most restrictive policies (MRPs), not legal to be sold or marketed with strict enforcement: Australia, Brazil, Uruguay; (2) restrictive policies (RPs), not approved for sale or marketing with weak enforcement: Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand; (3) less restrictive policies (LRPs), legal to be sold and marketed with regulations: England, the Netherlands, Republic of Korea, United States; and (4) no regulatory policies (NRPs), Bangladesh, China, Zambia. Countries were also grouped by World Bank Income Classifications. Country‐specific weighted logistic regression models estimated adjusted NVP prevalence estimates for: awareness, ever/current use, and frequency of use (daily versus non‐daily). Findings NVP awareness and use were lowest in NRP countries. Generally, ever‐ and current use of NVPs were lower in MRP countries (ever‐use = 7.1–48.9%; current use = 0.3–3.5%) relative to LRP countries (ever‐use = 38.9–66.6%; current use = 5.5–17.2%) and RP countries (ever‐use = 10.0–62.4%; current use = 1.4–15.5%). NVP use was highest among high‐income countries, followed by upper–middle‐income countries, and then by lower–middle‐income countries. Conclusions: With a few exceptions, awareness and use of nicotine vaping products varied by the strength of national regulations governing nicotine vaping product sales/marketing, and by country income. In countries with no regulatory policies, use rates were very low, suggesting that there was little availability, marketing and/or interest in nicotine vaping products in these countries where smoking populations are predominantly poorer. The higher awareness and use of nicotine vaping products in high income countries with moderately (e.g. Canada, New Zealand) and less (e.g. England, United States) restrictive policies, is likely due to the greater availability and affordability of nicotine vaping products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Adverse effects of smoking on kidney function have been demonstrated in both general populations and in populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, quitting smoking can have a significant impact on the mortality and disease progression of CKD. This study examined and compared factors associated with quitting status of smoking, in patients with and without CKD, among Korean adult male smokers, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2019, excluding 2013. METHODS Wald test with multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate factors associated with quitting smoking in both CKD and non-CKD groups, along with the interaction effects between groups. RESULTS Of the 15747 eligible individuals, 909 had CKD, of whom 703 (weighted percentage: 74.4%) were quitters. In the non-CKD group, 8393 (weighted percentage: 50.4%) succeeded in quitting. Regular exercise was the only factor associated with quitting in both groups. The adjusted odd ratios with confidence intervals were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.17--1.42) and 2.84 (95% CI: 1.52--5.31) in the non-CKD and CKD groups, respectively (interaction p=0.0153). Unlike in the CKD group, marriage and higher systolic blood pressure were also associated with quitting, and lifetime smoking amount and secondhand smoke exposure at home were negatively associated with smoking cessation in the non-CKD group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise was the only factor associated with quitting smoking in the CKD group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated differences in inner strength, multiple identities, and quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors, considering gender and the presence of an ostomy. It also focused on identifying factors that influenced their quality of life. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 170 colorectal cancer survivors were recruited. Inner strength, multiple identities, and quality of life were assessed through an online survey. Within each subgroup, comparisons were made in two ways: (a) between women and men; and (b) between ostomy and non-ostomy groups. Results: The quality of life for colorectal cancer survivors was higher among men than women. For inner strength, men reported higher levels of anguish and searching, whereas women showed higher levels of connectedness. The quality of life was higher in the non-ostomy group than the ostomy group. However, the non-ostomy group had a higher level of anguish and searching than the ostomy group. Inner strength emerged as the most powerful factor influencing quality of life after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of inner strength in colorectal cancer survivors. It provides a deeper understanding of quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors by examining factors that influence it and considering how these effects differ based on gender and the presence of an ostomy. To improve the quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors, it is essential to comprehend the roles of factors such as gender and ostomy and develop individualized interventions tailored to their specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have a shorter lifespan and significantly higher prevalence of conditions such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases than healthy individuals. Thus, assessing the elements that contribute to their physical fitness is crucial. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the blood pressure and physical fitness of people with intellectual disabilities in South Korea, considering differences across sexes, age groups, physical attributes, and disability levels. It used data from 8502 individuals with intellectual disabilities aged 20–59 years who participated in a survey of a National Fitness Standard Center (NFSC) between 2018 and 2021. A series of t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and the four-quartile method were used for data analyses. The results showed differences in physical fitness levels between men and women considering all aspects except for BMI (Body Mass Index), with men showing higher blood pressure levels. Lower grip strength, lower PEI (physical efficiency index) scores, and higher BMI were associated with increased blood pressure. Additionally, individuals with higher levels of disability tended to have lower levels of physical fitness, while higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower blood pressure. Therefore, low fitness levels and hypertension risk may be important health indicators for people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Speaking up by healthcare providers is an essential assertive communication strategy for ensuring patient safety and preventing incidents. However, more is needed to know about speaking up and instruments to assess it in the Korean context. Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Speaking Up about Patient Safety Questionnaire (KSUPS-Q) for measuring speaking up-related behavior and climate among nurses. Methods: The translation and adaptation process followed the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and the World Health Organization. Content validity was assessed by a six-member expert panel using the content validity index. In total, 314 nurses participated in an online survey to examine the psychometric properties. Internal consistencies were tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the subscales' construct. The convergent validity of the speaking up-related climate scale was assessed by testing correlations with teamwork and safety climate domains of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. In addition, we investigated the convergent validity of the speaking up-related behavior scale by examining its correlation with the climate scale. Results: The reliability of the 11-item behavior scale was satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that a three-subscale model (perceived concerns, withholding voice, and speaking up) was appropriate (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, and SRMR = 0.05). Furthermore, the 11-item climate scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency. A three-subscale model (psychological safety, encouraging environment, and resignation) was confirmed (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.05). The convergent validity of the climate scale was verified based on correlations with the teamwork (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and safety climate (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) domains of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. In addition, speaking up-related behavior and climate showed a significant association, indicating that the behavior scale is conceptually valid. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the KSUPS-Q is a valid and reliable instrument in Korea. This instrument can help nurse managers simultaneously monitor the behavior and climate of their organizations and evaluate the outcomes of interventions to enhance speaking up. Future research is needed to explore diverse factors contributing to speaking up, including clinical roles, team relationships, and supportive culture, to identify areas requiring further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In South Korea, Korean Chinese workers experience ethnic discrimination although they share physical similarities and ethnic heritage with native-born Koreans. This study aimed to examine whether perceived ethnic discrimination is associated with poor self-rated health and whether the association differs by gender among Korean Chinese waged workers in South Korea. Methods: We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis using data of 13,443 Korean Chinese waged workers from the Survey on Immigrants' Living Conditions and Labor Force conducted in 2018, 2020, and 2022. Based on perceived ethnic discrimination, asking for fair treatment, and subsequent situational improvement, respondents were classified into the following four groups: "Not experienced," "Experienced, not asked for fair treatment," "Experienced, asked for fair treatment, not improved," and "Experienced, asked for fair treatment, improved." Poor self-rated health was assessed using a single question "How is your current overall health?" We applied logistic regression to examine the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and poor self-rated health, with gender-stratified analyses. Results: We found an association between ethnic discrimination and poor self-rated health among Korean Chinese waged workers. In the gender-stratified analysis, the "Experienced, not asked for fair treatment" group was more likely to report poor self-rated health compared to the "Not experienced" group, regardless of gender. However, gender differences were observed in the group stratified by situational improvements. For male workers, no statistically significant association was found in the "Experienced, asked for fair treatment, improved" group with poor self-rated health (odd ratios: 0.87, 95% confidence intervals: 0.30–2.53). Conversely, among female workers, a statistically significant association was observed (odd ratios: 2.63, 95% confidence intervals: 1.29–5.38). Conclusions: This study is the first to find an association between perceived ethnic discrimination and poor self-rated health, along with gender differences in the association between situational improvements after asking for fair treatment and poor self-rated health among Korean Chinese waged workers in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving triage accuracy for accurate patient identification and appropriate resource allocation is essential. Little is known about the trend of triage accuracy, and factors associated with mistriage vary from study to study. Aim: To identify incidence and risk factors of mistriage, such as overtriage and undertriage. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: The data came from the National Emergency Department Information System database in 2016–2020. All patients 15 years and older visiting emergency departments in Korea were assessed for eligibility, and 20,641,411 emergency patients' data were used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to confirm the associated factors with overtriage and undertriage compared to expected triage. Demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors were independent variables. Results: Expected triage decreased from 96.8% in 2016 to 95.7% in 2020. Overtriage (0.5%–0.7%) and undertriage (2.4%–3.3%) increased. The occupation that performed triage the most (over 85%) was nurses. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics (40–64 age group, female), disease-related signs (known disease, direct visit) and triage-related factors (regional emergency medical centre). Risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates within normal range). Conclusions: While the acuity degree remained within the recommended range, the accuracy of triage decreased, and there was a gradual increase in mistriaged cases. Nurses have performed most of the triage and played a key role in expected triage. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors and risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. Implications for the profession: Nurses should be aware of what factors are associated with mistriage and why the factors cause mistriage to improve the triage accuracy because they are responsible for the majority of the triage assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the health concerns of parents regarding their premature infants and to identify changes in these concerns during perinatal period and after discharge. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed at a single tertiary center that enrolled 119 premature infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and visited the outpatient pediatrics department between December 2018 and October 2021. Data on the concerns of 176 parents regarding enrolled premature infants' health from before birth to 1 week after NICU discharge were obtained from outpatient records. The t test and with the chi-squared test were used to analyze the data for this study. Results: The consistently greatest focus of parents' health concerns was the respiratory system. The second focus of parents' health concerns before discharge was the central nervous system. However, during the first week after NICU discharge, the gastrointestinal system was the second-most frequent focus of parents' health concerns among parents of infants without diseases related to prematurity and infants with older gestational ages. Conclusion: The results of this study offer insights into the health concerns among parents of premature infants. Parental health concerns about premature infants vary over time, from before birth to post-discharge, necessitating supportive interventions to enhance parental understanding of their child's health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms among Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on the findings of the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2022). The study included 51,850 adolescents and analyzed the relationships among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms using complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the Korean adolescents, 12.7% experienced general anxiety disorder, while 28.7% experienced depressive symptoms. The prevalence of allergic diseases was 5.7% for asthma, 36.3% for allergic rhinitis, and 22.2% for atopic dermatitis. General anxiety disorder was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis but not atopic dermatitis. Depressive symptoms were associated asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: Examining the correlation among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms in adolescents underscores the need for implementing suitable strategies. Moreover, when addressing general anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms in adolescents, it becomes crucial to consider the presence of allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Elder abuse continues to be a serious problem that greatly affects the overall health and quality of life of elderly victims. Although abused elders have a substantial risk of re-abuse, very limited knowledge is available about elder re-abuse. This study examines whether differences exist between substantiated initial elder abuse and re-abuse cases in terms of victims', perpetrators', abuse-related, and contextual characteristics. Method: Data were collected from 12 Elder Protective Service (EPS) agencies in South Korea, and EPS caseworkers completed multi-section questionnaires based on case records. Elderly victims' and perpetrators' characteristics, and abuse-related and contextual data were obtained. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 276 substantiated elder abuse cases (90.9% initial abuse, and 9.1% re-abuse cases) were included in this analysis. There are some differences between the initial abuse and re-abuse in the characteristics of victims (income, education), perpetrators (living with the victim, alcohol/substance abuse), and contextual factors (social isolation, relationship with neighbors). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that elderly victims' low-income (OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.67–24.74, p <.01) and perpetrators' alcohol/substance abuse problems (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.07- 6.75, p <.05) were associated with a higher likelihood of re-abuse. Conclusions: Victims' low income and perpetrators' alcohol/substance abuse problems should be considered as factors associated with elder re-abuse. This study provides additional knowledge on elder re-abuse and offers implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among occupational stress, recovery experience and turnover intention among nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Background: The high turnover intention among nurses affect patient safety quality of patient care. Design: The cross‐sectional study design was used. This study was guided by STROBE. Methods: Convenience sampling identified 202 registered nurses working in the COVID‐19 wards of three tertiary general hospitals in two cities in South Korea. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to estimate path coefficients and assess the adequacy of the model. The moderating effects of recovery experience on the pathway in which occupational stress of the participants affects turnover intention were verified using model 1 of the SPSS PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes. Results: The recovery experience did not significantly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention. However, it had significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention (β =.005, 95% CI [.001,.010]). The effect of occupational stress on turnover intention was dependent on recovery experience. Conclusion: The results revealed that occupational stress among nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19 affect the turnover intention and the level of recovery experience moderates this relationship. Thus, not only during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also during challenging times of various infectious disease outbreaks, hospitals can enhance the health and well‐being of nurses and promote the retention of nursing staff. Implications for the profession: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have been exposed to understaffing and overwhelming workloads. However, policies for nurses' welfare and benefits are still insufficient, even as the pandemic comes to an end. The results of this study indicate that sufficient rest and appropriate nursing personnel are of utmost importance to nurses. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In South Korea, the leading cause of youth death has been suicide for about 20 years. In this study, we conducted a multi-method psychological autopsy to identify the psychiatric diagnosis, developmental history, personality traits, family history, school life, warning signs of suicide, and risk factors related to suicide for the first time in Korea. Methods: This was a postmortem, retrospective, and descriptive study of 36 adolescents who died by suicide between August 2015 and July 2021 in South Korea. We obtained qualitative and quantitative data from the Korean Psychological Autopsy of Adolescent, conducted by the Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, the official student mental health policy-focused research institute of the Korean Ministry of Education. Results: The adolescents comprised equal percentage of girls and boys. Approximately half of the deaths (55.6%) occurred at home and most (72.2%) involved jumping from a height. Most of the adolescents (97.2%) had one major psychiatric disorder before death, with depressive disorder being the most prevalent (75%). They were at a high risk for internet addiction before death. The most common personality trait was avoidance (28.6%), followed by submissiveness (27.3%). Half of the parents reported that the adolescents were satisfied with their school life and the teachers observed that they had no behavioral problems. One year before death, seven (19.4%) adolescents injured themselves and five (13.9%) had attempted suicide. Most of the deceased (80.6%) had expressed suicide warning signs to their families within one year before death. Adolescents had a long experience of family-related adverse events. Conclusions: Most of the adolescents had mental health disorders and expressed suicidal intentions using verbal and nonverbal signs. However, it was challenging for families to recognize the risk signs because of adolescents' personality traits or a good school life. To prevent adolescent suicide, adolescents, parents, and teachers need to be educated to recognize signs of suicide warning signs and equipped to guide adolescents to appropriate care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the physical activity and exercise status of stroke patients in the community after discharge and the need for community-based exercises. This study included 100 community-dwelling patients with stroke in South Korea. The survey investigated the self-assessment of health status and physical activity, demand for community-based exercise after discharge, quality of life, and social participation. Overall, 96% of the respondents recognized the need to exercise, and two-thirds exercised. The third who did not exercise cited disability (29%), lack of facilities (22%), and health concerns (13%); only 21% of participants had ever used a community exercise facility, and their satisfaction with the facility was low. The main reasons for not using community exercise facilities were concerns about accidents during exercise and accessibility issues. Among real-world community stroke patients, those who exercised regularly had higher EuroQol-5D and reintegration to normal living indices than those who did not exercise (p < 0.05). Although community-dwelling stroke patients were highly aware of the need for physical activity and exercise, few engaged in adequate exercise. This lack of engagement is directly linked to identifiable personal and socio-structural barriers. Addressing these barriers will improve the quality of life and social participation of patients with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]