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Two new isoindolin-1-ones (1 and 2), were isolated from the stems of Nicotiana tabacum (a cultivar of sun-cured tobacco with high resistance to black shank diseases, which originated from Huize local sun-cured tobacco by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis). Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Interestingly, both compounds showed high antibacterial activity with bacteriostatic diameter within the range 18.2 ± 1.4–25.8 ± 2.2 mm against five pathogenic strains, and they have the potential values for use as an antiseptic agent for Heat Not Burning cigarette-tipping paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to historical documents, the identity of a nation or ethnic group in each period is determined. Maintain these documents according to their structural nature that was so vulnerable to deterioration of the utmost importance. What factors should be considered Identify damaging agents and attempts to reduce it. Biological degradation is the main cause of damage to paper documents. To solve this problem, various methods were used. The most common method is using chemical antiseptic such as thymol, para chloro benzene dioxide, ethylene oxide etc. But what this study will examine the effects of abuse on the structure of these materials is cellulose paper such as ethylene oxide, indicating improper methods to remove the erosion and provide a convenient method, including freezing in order to reduce these damages. In this paper, 673 paper samples were studied, of the type of documents, which were identified first by the chemical laboratory method and then based on the information obtained from the results of tests with laboratory devices (FTIR, pH-meter). as well as by other methods. Aging, acidity and the effect of disinfectants on the structure of documents and fibers have been analyzed. In this research, which was tested on 673 paper samples, the type of dough was first identified by chemical laboratory method and then with the information obtained from the test results by laboratory devices (pH, FTIR meter) as well as methods. Aging, acidity and the effect of disinfectants on the structure of documents and fibers have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show for the first time that lignin-derived phenols can act as laccase mediators for the removal of lipophilic compounds from paper pulp. These natural mediators represent an alternative to synthetic mediators, such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), that cause some economic and environmental concerns. Unbleached kraft pulp from eucalypt wood, which contained free and conjugated sterols responsible for pitch deposition in the manufacture of totally chlorine free paper, was treated with a fungal laccase in the presence of syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, and p-coumaric acid as mediators. The composition of lipophilic extractives in the pulps afterthe enzymatic treatment followed by a hydrogen peroxide stage was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The enzymatic treatment using syringaldehyde as laccase mediator caused the highest removal (over 90%) of free and conjugated sitosterol, similar to that attained with HBT, followed by acetosyringone (over 60% removal), whereas p-coumaric acid was barely effective. Moreover, recalcitrant oxidized steroids surviving laccase-HBT treatment could be removed when using these natural mediators. Pulp brightness was also improved (from 57% to 66% ISO brightness) by the laccase treatment in the presence of the above phenols followed by the peroxide stage due to the simultaneous removal of lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emollients are topical agents with moisturizing, lubricating and smoothing properties. The most important action of emollients is restoring the disturbed epidermal barrier. This effect is achieved by various mechanisms: occlusive properties, attraction and keeping the water within the stratum corneum and supplying the physiological lipids and peptides, that lack in the disturbed epidermis. The final effects of emollients are reduction of inflammation, decrease of pruritus and better appearance of the skin. Emollients are the essential part of the therapy of many inflammatory skin diseases with disturbed epidermal barrier. They are used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, keratinization disorders, chronic eczema, pruritic diseases and many other dermatoses. Emollients are often the adjuvant therapy, which is used together with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. There are several possible types of therapy: continuous, intermittent or proactive. This paper summarizes the knowledge about emollients, their mechanisms of action, the indications and proper way of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reviews of various articles are presented including "Hand antisepsis in equine surgery" by Nora Biermann, "Salivary alpha-amylase in abdominal disease" by Marıa Dolores Contreras-Aguilar, and "Diet and exercise for obese equids" by Nicholas Bamford.

Simple Summary: Seventy-five dogs were subjected to the surgical procedures of scaling and dental extraction using conventional antibiotics and antiseptics preventive treatment or double-distilled ozonated water. Sampling by bacteriological buffer was carried out to evaluate the bacterial count in the oral cavity and evaluate the anti-bacterial efficacy of intra-operative ozone as an alternative to pre-surgical antibiotic treatment. This paper aims to assess the disinfecting capacity of a double-distilled ozonated water solution as an alternative to common antibiotic and antiseptic devices. Seventy-five dogs were subjected to the surgical procedures of scaling and dental extraction and included in three study groups: Group 1 subjected to antibiotic pre-treatment (association amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and ampicillin + metronidazole) and disinfection with chlorhexidine, and Group 2 and 3 devoid of preventive anti-microbial treatment in which disinfection was performed, respectively, with ozonated water and chlorhexidine. Sampling by bacteriological buffer was carried out to evaluate the bacterial count in the oral cavity. The analysis of the samples determined the total mesophilic bacterial count by seeding on the culture medium via the inclusion of PCA (Plate Count Agar). The results highlighted the anti-bacterial efficacy of intra-operative ozone as an alternative to pre-surgical antibiotic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several cellulosic substrates have been surface-functionalized with cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin, β-CD) using citric acid as a crosslinker agent to obtain new surface-modified materials able to release antiseptic molecules over a prolonged period, in view of their use in medical domain. Three different commercial cellulosic substrates were used, namely: (i) an uncoated paper, (ii) a crepe paper, and (iii) a medical bandage. They were successfully grafted by a crosslinked polymer consisting on β-CD molecules as assessed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Several time-temperature kinetic cycles were performed to reach the optimum curing parameters. The grafted and nongrafted samples were loaded with chlorhexidine digluconate (digCHX), a widely used antiseptic agent. The drug-delivery kinetics of the encapsulated digCHX was carried out by immersing the sample under investigation into an aqueous medium, and the quantity of the released digCHX was measured, as a function of time, by UV spectroscopy. The optimal grafting conditions were established on the basis of the highest weight gain. These samples did not give the best release performance. Nevertheless, several grafted substrates were able to uptake an appreciable amount of active molecules and release them over a prolonged time of about 20 days. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric hand dryers, particularly jet-air dryers, are a relatively new method of drying hands and claim to be a more efficient and sterile method than using paper towels. Our purpose for performing this research was to determine whether electric hand dryers in public restrooms are antiseptic, or if they could be a source of bacterial contamination to your hands during drying. Initially, restrooms at Weber State University were selected that had a high frequency of foot traffic, making them good sampling locations. Testing was done in men's and women's restrooms in three buildings on campus, testing four bathrooms for each group in each building. Samples were collected by swabbing a 25-cm² area of the top, middle, and bottom of the hand dryer chamber using a 3M Quickswab. Pour plates using TSA were used to enumerate samples. Plate counts were determined at 48 hours after incubation at 37°C. Results showed the bottom of the dryer chamber in both the men's and women's restrooms had the most bacterial contamination, with an average of 311 CFU/25 cm² in the men's rooms and an average of 299 CFU/25 cm² in the women's. The middle section was the second most contaminated averaging 144 CFU/25 cm² for men and 145 CFU/25 cm² for women, while the top section was the least contaminated, averaging 107 CFU/25 cm² for men and 51 CFU/25 cm² for women. Results showed that electric hand dryers can serve as a source of bacterial contamination after hand washing. The overall level of bacterial contamination was higher in hand dryers in men's restrooms. As a preventative measure, the inside of these dryers should be cleaned on a daily basis to prevent people from contaminating their hands immediately after washing them, thus reducing the spread of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Povidone-iodine (PVI), also known as Betadine, is a widely used antiseptic agent used in several fields of medicine. In ophthalmology, it is applied as a preoperative antiseptic to prevent infectious complications that can result from surgical procedures. PVI's safety and efficacy have been extensively studied and represented in the literature; however, the incidence of adverse effects has been reported in conjunction. The aim of this paper is to compile information regarding PVIs use, safety profile, adverse effects, and possible alternatives through a review of the existing literature. Methods: Literature was compiled utilizing the database PubMed and Google Scholar using specified keywords with a total of 86 reviewed articles, after excluding search results that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Results: While the allergic potential to PVI is a highly contested topic, there are several nonallergic adverse effects of PVI that should not be overlooked. These effects include chemical burn, cytotoxic effects, and general patient discomfort. In light of these adverse effects, alternatives to PVI may be considered. However, there has been little research identifying feasible alternatives in preoperative intraocular procedures. Alternatives including chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylene biguanide (polyhexanide), and octenidine were identified as potential substitutes for PVI. Conclusions: Further study is needed to provide robust evidence regarding the efficacy profiles of these alternatives in comparison with PVI and to demonstrate comparable tolerance to PVI in intraocular procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists and specialists of food processing industry are increasingly focused on the technology of storage of raw materials of animal origin in antiseptic ice. The paper presents the peculiar features of plasma-chemical activation of solutions to produce antiseptic ice and their further use in the storage of meat and fish. The process of treatment leads to formation of micro-particles of hydrogen peroxide, which in contact with the raw materials are capable of generating active oxygen, allowing to disinfect the raw material surface. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the solutions further used to produce antiseptic ice has been determined. Study of the features of use of antiseptic ice made of plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions showed unchanged organoleptic properties of raw materials after using the presented antiseptic agent. Suppression of viable microflora owing to antimicrobial action of plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions was recorded. Antiseptic ice contributes to long-term disinfection of raw materials. For example, the samples show absence of microflora of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, which allows improving the quality of stored food raw materials. At the concentration of peroxides at the level of 600–700 mg/l, pathogenic microflora in meat and fish samples is not present at all. When meat and fish raw materials are stored in ice for 30 days, pathogenic microflora does not appear, and it confirms the long-term disinfecting action of antiseptic ice. Slower accumulation of amino-ammonia nitrogen is observed during long-term storage of meat and fish raw materials. The use of plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions for the production of antiseptic ice and storage of meat and fish raw materials in it can partially prevent the processes of protein breakdown and, accordingly, increase the product shelf life. The paper describes technological parameters of the process of storage of meat and fish in antiseptic ice, which can be used in the industrial storage of raw materials, and provides the guidance for use of ice of plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions in the process of storage of raw materials of animal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) drives are becoming more popular in industrial and commercial applications, there are still significant difficulties and unresolved research issues that must be addressed. In BLDCM drives, commutation current ripple (CCR) and diode freewheeling during non-commutation zone (NCZ) are the major challenges. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel PWM-Model Antiseptic Control (PWM-MAC) technique to alleviate the freewheeling of the diode. The proposed PWM technique is used to alleviate the diode freewheeling in the NCZ, whereas the DCLV circuit is utilized to obtain variable DC-link voltage to address the CCR in the CZ. The MATLAB/Simulink results are included along with experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype of 325 W. The proposed module reduces the current ripple by 31.7% and corresponding torque ripples are suppressed by approximately 32.5%. This evidences the performance of the proposed control technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 47-year-old man has been presented with acute perianal dermatitis due to Cl+Me-isothiazolinone-containing moistened toilet tissue. The European standard series remained negative except for Cl+Me-isothiazolinone. Three months later, the patient developed a presternal plaque of seborrhoeic dermatitis. A cream containing 1% hydrocortisone in Canestene® cream, mixed with Beeler cream in equal proportion, has been prescribed. Two weeks later, he had an exacerbation of his dermatitis. Patch tests were found positive with the cream and clotrimazole, its active ingredient.

Ozonated oil has shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties that make it useful in the prevention of infectious diseases and also as an adjuvant in wound-healing management. This review brings together most aspects of the use of liposomal ozonated oil for ocular infections and regeneration of the ocular surface. A search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies published by June 2021. Search terms were combined to sort out papers on the properties and use of ozonated oil in ocular infections. A total of 25 publications were selected for this review on the composition, mechanism of action, restorative action, and preclinical and clinical studies of liposomal ozonated oil focused on ocular infections. In patients with complicated corneal pathology, liposomal ozonated oil has been found to restore corneal ulcers and improve keratitis. In patients with ocular pathologies involving inflammation and infections, liposomal ozonated oil has been found to improve and almost completely restore the signs of vernal, granulomatous and even adenoviral conjunctivitis. Liposomal ozonated oil has also been found to be effective in reducing ocular microbial flora. In conclusion, liposomal ozonated oil has an antiseptic and regenerative effect on corneoconjunctival tissues. It has demonstrated efficacy and safety profile for its use in ocular infections and can be considered as a suitable supportive strategy both alone and combined with other antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thin films of chitosan are often deposited on various surfaces to provide them with antiseptic properties. In the presented research, chitosan foils were obtained using two methods and treated with nitrogen plasma. The obtained materials were characterized by measuring the wettability of the test liquids, and the apparent surface free energy was calculated using the Tadmor equilibrium contact angles. The surface topography was characterized using optical profilometry and SEM. On the other hand, the effect of plasma on surface groups was investigated using the FTIR-ATR technique. Plasma activation of the surface increases the polarity of the surface. This is observed in the changed surface roughness and the share of functional groups on the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper protection of vascular access after haemodialysis is one of the key measures for the prevention of catheter-related infections. Various substances with bactericidal and anticoagulant properties are used to fill catheters, but due to the unsatisfactory clinical effects and occurrence of adverse reactions, the search for new substances is still ongoing. In the present paper, we compared the in vitro antimicrobial activity of solutions used for tunnelled catheter locking (taurolidine, trisodium citrate) and solutions of substances that could potentially be used for this purpose (sodium bicarbonate, polyhexanide-betaine). The studies have been conducted on bacteria that most commonly cause catheter-related infections. The values of both minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the substances were determined. The ability of the tested substances to eradicate biofilm from the dialysis catheter surface was also evaluated. The results showed that polyhexanide-betaine inhibited the growth of all microbes comparably to taurolidine, even after ≥ 32-fold dilution. The activity of trisodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate was significantly lower. Polyhexanide exhibited the highest activity in the eradication of bacterial biofilm on polystyrene plates. The biofilm formed on a polyurethane dialysis catheter was resistant to complete eradication by the test substances. Polyhexanide-betaine and taurolidine showed the highest activity. Inhibition of bacterial growth regardless of species was observed not only at the highest concentration of these compounds but also after dilution 32–128x (taurolidine) and 32–1024x (polyhexanide-betaine). Therefore, it can be assumed that taurolidine application as a locking solution prevents catheter colonization and systemic infection development. Taurolidine displays high antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive cocci as well as Gram-negative bacilli. On the contrary, the lowest antibacterial effect displayed product contained sodium bicarbonate. The inhibitions of bacterial growth were not satisfactory to consider it as a substance for colonization prevention. Polyhexanidine-betaine possessed potent inhibitory and biofilm eradication properties comparing to all tested products. PHMB is applied as a wound irrigation solution worldwide. However, based on our results, we assume that the PHMB is a promising substance for catheter locking solutions thanks to its safety and high antimicrobial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To compare the antimicrobial activities of Activ Point ( Roeko, Langenau, Germany), Calcium Hydroxide Plus Point ( Roeko, Langenau, Germany), calcium hydroxide, 1% chlorhexidine gel and bioactive glass (S53P4) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Methodology One hundred and twenty extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. After removing the crowns, root canals were prepared by using the Protaper rotary system. Following autoclave sterilization, root canals were incubated at 37 °C with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. mutans RSHM 676 for 1 week. The specimens, which were divided into five treatment groups for each microorganism according to the intracanal medicament used, were tested in 10 experimental runs. In each experimental run, 10 roots were included as treatment, one root as positive control and one root as sterility control. Sterile paper points were utilized to take samples from root canals after the incubation of teeth in thioglycollate medium at 37 °C for 1 week. Samples taken from teeth by sterile paper points were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, and following an overnight incubation, the colonies grown on sheep blood agar were counted and interpreted as colony-forming units. Results were tested statistically by using Kruskal- Wallis and Conover's nonparametric multiple comparison tests. Results CHX gel ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), Activ Point ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.002) and Ca( OH)2 ( P = 0.010 and P = 0.005) were significantly more effective against E. faecalis than that of Ca( OH)2 Plus Point and bioactive glass, respectively. On the other hand, compared with Ca( OH)2, CHX gel ( P < 0.001), and Activ Point ( P < 0.001), bioactive glass ( P = 0.014) produced significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans. When compared with the positive control, treatment with Ca( OH)2 Plus Point ( P = 0.085 and P = 0.066) did not produce significantly lower colony counts of E. faecalis and S. mutans, respectively. Conclusions Compared with the medicaments having an antimicrobial effect because of their alkaline pH, the medicaments containing chlorhexidine were effective against both E. faecalis and S. mutans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the clearance of PVP-iodine applied as a gel or solution in periodontal pockets. Methods. Teeth of 12 subjects with at least eight periodontal pockets of ≥5 mm probing depth were isolated with a rubber dam to allow contamination-free access to the pockets. In each subject, three pockets were filled with PVP-iodine gel (10%) and three with PVP-iodine solution (10%). One pocket of each subject without iodine application served as a negative control. The treatment allocation was assigned randomly. Any excess material was removed subsequently. After 1, 5 and 15 min, a paper point was used to collect the sulcus liquid and the concentration of PVP-iodine was chemically determined. In addition, PVP-iodine gel was administered into 12 periodontal pockets immediately after sub-gingival ultrasound debridement and the concentration of PVP-iodine was determined after 1 min. Results. Descending concentrations of PVP-iodine were determined at 1, 5 and 15 min after the application. No PVP-iodine was found in the pockets serving as negative controls. The mean concentrations of the gel and solution were 6.14 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml (1 min; p ≥ 0.028), 3.20 μg/ml and 1.44 μg/ml (5 min; p ≥ 0.126), 0.69 μg/ml and 0.23 μg/ml (15 min; p ≤ 0.019), respectively. In the pockets with previous debridement the mean concentration was 1.68 ± 1.97 μg/ml. Conclusion. The application of PVP-iodine gel in periodontal pockets allows a prolonged remnant effect as compared to that of the solution formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an ophthalmic formulation containing hexamidine diisethionate (HD) 0.05%, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.0001%, and edetate disodium (EDTA) 0.01% (Keratosept®, Bruschettini, Genova, Italy) on the microbial flora of a healthy ocular surface. Methods: Patients were enrolled consecutively. Each patient applied two drops of Keratosept® in the eye scheduled for cataract surgery (study eye) three times daily in the 2 days prior to surgery and one time in the morning of surgery. The contralateral eyes were considered as control (control eye). Bilateral conjunctival swabs were collected before the first administration (T0) and the morning of surgery (T1). The swabs were processed within 3 h from sampling for the automated detection of the presence of replicating microorganisms (colony-forming units, CFU/mL) and the provision of real-time growth curves. Results: Conjunctival swabs of 32 patients (n = 128) were examined. Six patients were excluded from the efficacy analysis because of microbial load < 50 CFU/mL at T0 in the study eye. No difference between study and control eyes was observed at T0 (p = 0.40). Compared with T0, 20 (76.9%) study eyes and 10 (38.5%) control eyes showed a ≥ 1 log reduction of the microbial load at T1, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.005). Keratosept® showed good tolerability, and no adverse events or eye discomfort were recorded. Conclusions: This study showed that the low-dose combination of antiseptic agents in the Keratosept® ophthalmic solution effectively reduces the bacterial load of healthy flora on the ocular surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, synthetic compounds are used for both in-office and at-home dental care. They are a valuable resource for both prophylactic and curative treatments for various dental problems, such as tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and many more. They are typically preferred due to their broad range of actions and ability to produce targeted, rapid, and long-lasting effects. Using a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash is capable of reducing the plaque index from 47.69% to 2.37% and the bleeding index from 32.93% to 6.28% after just 2 weeks. Mouthwash with 0.1% OCT is also highly effective, as it significantly lowered the median plaque index and salivary bacterial counts in 152 patients in 5 days compared to a control group (p < 0.0001), while also reducing the gingival index (p < 0.001). When povidone-iodine was used as an irrigant during the surgical removal of mandibular third molars in 105 patients, it resulted in notably lower pain scores after 2 days compared to a control group (4.57 ± 0.60 vs. 5.71 ± 0.45). Sodium hypochlorite is excellent for root canal disinfection, as irrigating with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated the bacteria from canals in 65% patients. A 0.05% CPC mouthwash proved effective for perioperative patient care, significantly decreasing gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and suppressing Streptococcus levels even one week post-surgery. Lastly, a 6% H2O2 paint-on varnish and 6% H2O2 tray formulations successfully bleached the teeth of 40 patients, maintaining a noticeably whiter appearance up to the 6-month follow-up, with significant color differences from the baseline (p < 0.005). Synthetic compounds have a large research base, which also provides a greater awareness of their mechanism of action and potential adverse effects. For a better understanding of how they work, several methods and assays are performed. These are protocolary techniques through which a compound's efficacy and toxicity are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foodborne infections affect approximately 600 million people annually. Simultaneously, many plants contain substances like organic acids, which have antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 21 organic acids, naturally occurring in plants, on four foodborne bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium) and two fungi (Geotrichum candidum and Penicillium candidum). Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the organic acids against foodborne bacteria and in silico toxicity prediction of acids were investigated. Results: Benzoic and salicylic acids exhibit the best activity against foodborne bacteria (mean MIC < 1 mg/mL). Acetic, chlorogenic, formic, malic, nicotinic, and rosmarinic acids demonstrate slightly weaker activity (mean MICs 1–2 mg/mL). Other acids have moderate or poor activity. The effectiveness of organic acids against foodborne fungi is weaker than against bacteria. Most acids require high concentrations (from 10 to >100 mg/mL) to inhibit fungal growth effectively. The predicted LD50 of organic acids ranges from 48 to 5000 mg/kg. Those potentially safe as food preservatives (MIC < LD50) include ascorbic, chlorogenic, malic, nicotinic, rosmarinic, salicylic, succinic, tannic, and tartaric acids. The studied organic acids are not carcinogenic but many can cause adverse effects such as skin sensitization, eye irritation, and potential nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Most of the investigated plant-derived organic acids exhibit good antibacterial activity and moderate or poor antifungal effects. Among 21 acids, only 9 appear to be safe as food preservatives (MIC < LD50). The relationship between MIC and LD50 is crucial in determining the suitability of organic acids as food preservatives, ensuring that they are effective against bacteria or fungi at concentrations that are not harmful to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiseptics and dyes are used widely in the treatment of wounds. Early papers at the beginning of this century described their benefits to wound healing, especially to infected wounds. Only Mobacken and Zederfelt (1973) reported the contrary. They examined the formation of wound granulation in subcutaneously implanted viscose cellulose sponges after treatment with dyes. Their data indicated inhibition, but quantitative histological data were not given. The method described in this paper demonstrates the possibility of a quantitative analysis of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastic Surgery & Burns / Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-plaque chemical formulations for managing gingivitis, in 6-month, home-use, randomised clinical trials ( RCTs). Material and Methods A protocol was designed, including inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify RCTs assessing gingival and/or bleeding indices. Electronic and hand-searches identified relevant papers, which were screened and evaluated for inclusion. Full-papers were retrieved and relevant information was extracted (also plaque indices), including quality and risk of bias. Mean treatment effects were calculated to obtain weighted mean differences ( WMD) and 95% confidence intervals. Results After the process of screening and selection, 87 articles with 133 comparisons, were included in the review. The additional effects of the tested products were statistically significant in terms of Löe & Silness gingival index (46 comparisons, WMD −0.217), modified gingival index ( n = 23, −0.415), gingivitis severity index ( n = 26, −14.939%) or bleeding index ( n = 23, −7.626%), with significant heterogeneity. For plaque, additional effects were found for Turesky (66 studies, WMD −0.475), Silness & Löe ( n = 26, −0.109), and plaque severity ( n = 12, −23.4%) indices, with significant heterogeneity. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, formulations with specific agents for chemical plaque control provide statistically significant improvements in terms of gingival, bleeding and plaque indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the father of antispesis, the legacy of Joseph Baron Lister is assured and his influence on the development of contemporary surgical practice is recognised in the context of his achievement of predictable, infection-free surgery. However, looking beyond Lister's finest achievement and examining this work in the context of his whole career as a surgeon-scientist reveals important lessons pertinent to aspiring peers in how, by replacing surgical dogma with observation, deductive reasoning and scientific verification, by pursuing good ideas in the face of resistance and by making research directly relevant and patient-focused, lasting changes can be accomplished. This short paper aims to put Lister's developments in antisepsis in the context of his whole career, to evaluate his legacy and to commend his approach to contemporary surgeon-scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Olanexidine glucuronide (Olanedine®), an antiseptic solution may cause skin dermatitis around one week after disinfection. Although removal after the procedure is recommended to avoid skin dermatitis, whether it is effective for preventing skin dermatitis has not been documented in detail in the literature. Case presentation: We encountered two cases of delayed-onset contact dermatitis by Olanedine®. In both cases, the patient's back was disinfected with Olanedine® and was covered with a surgical drape for epidural catheterization. After catheterization and removal of the surgical drape, the insertion site of the catheter was covered with a film dressing, then the epidural catheter was taped to the back. On the third postoperative day, the epidural catheter was removed. On the seventh postoperative day, the patients reported pruritus on the back, where an erythematous papule rash was observed. However, it was not observed at the site covered by the tape to secure the epidural catheter or by the tape of the surgical drape. Symptoms were relieved with oral or topical steroids by the time of discharge. Conclusion: Wiping off the remaining Olanedine® even a few days after disinfection may be helpful not only for reducing symptoms but also for preventing the development of contact dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the present paper, poly(azure A) (PAA) films were electrosynthetized in the presence of different doping anions on disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The anions used included inorganic monoatomic (chloride and fluoride), inorganic polyatomic (nitrate and sulfate) and organic polyatomic (dodecyl sulfate, DS) species. The coated electrodes thus obtained were characterized by electrochemical techniques and SEM. They showed improved electrocatalytic activities towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation compared to that of a bare SPCE. In particular, the insertion of DS anions inside PAA films provided a special sensitivity to the electrocatalysis of H2O2, which endowed these electrodes with promising analytical features for H2O2 quantification. We obtained a wide linear response for H2O2 within a range of 5 μM to 3 mM and a limit of detection of 1.43 ± 0.10 μM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Furthermore, sensitivity was 72.4 ± 0.49 nA·μM-1·cm-2 at a relatively low electrocatalytic oxidation overpotential of 0.5 V vs. Ag. The applicability of this boosted system was tested by the analysis of H2O2 in commercial samples of a hair lightener and an antiseptic and was corroborated by spectrophotometric methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patulin, a mycotoxin produced by several genera of fungi, is an important concern in apple-based products due to its toxicity and health consequences. Ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation is a method of disinfection that is effective against many microorganisms and is also applied for chemical contaminant treatment via direct photolysis and advanced oxidation with sensitizers such as hydrogen peroxide. The present study evaluates whether UV-C could be an effective method to destroy patulin in apple juice. UV-C irradiation experiments were conducted using a collimated beam system operating at 253.7 nm. It was observed that patulin was not destroyed in pure water, but was degraded in pure and diluted apple juice upon UV-C irradiation, suggesting that chromophores (such as riboflavin) in the juice were important factors in the photo degradation. From an initial patulin concentration of approximately 200 ppb, UV-C dose of 400 mJ/cm2 successfully reduced patulin concentration by 69.47 (±0.69) % ( p < .05). In cell culture studies, our results showed that increasing UV-C dose decreased the patulin-induced cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood cells. Cell viability percentage increased from 47.3% to 81.64% as UV-C dose increased from 0 to 400 mJ/cm2. These doses would also achieve significant inactivation of viruses, bacteria, and many molds and fungi. This study clearly shows the potential for using UV-C treatment for patulin degradation in turbid liquid foods such as apple juice. Practical applications This research paper provides scientific evidence of the potential benefits UV-C irradiation in removing patulin from apple juice. UV-C dose of 400 mJ/cm2 successfully reduced patulin concentration by 69.47%. In cell culture studies, increasing UV-C dose decreased the patulin-induced cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood cells. UV-C irradiation is an attractive food preservation technology and offers opportunities for horticultural and food processing industries to meet the growing demand from consumers for healthier and safer food products. Knowledge gained through this study will facilitate major advances in the field of food science and engineering. This study would also provide technical support for commercialization of UV-C technology for patulin degradation in turbid liquid foods such as apple juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiseptics, with a broader spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy, lower risk of antibiotic resistance development, and minimal collateral damage to host tissues, are important alternatives to control the bioburden in wounds. Povidone iodine (PVP-I), in use for several decades, has the broadest spectrum of activity, a persistent antimicrobial effect, an ability to penetrate biofilms, and a lack of acquired or cross-resistance. It demonstrates good skin tolerance and low cytotoxicity. However, some reports on PVP-I have raised concerns over allergy, ineffective penetration, and toxic effects on host cells. The majority of these concerns are based on in vitro or rodent wound studies with diverse study designs and outcomes; these results may not be directly applicable in the clinical reality in humans. In this paper, we discuss the efficacy and safety of PVP-I and outline its place in wound healing in Asia, based on an appraisal of recent literature and clinical practice across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a frequent skin disease in dogs in which a microbial dysbiosis contributes to flare ups. The use of topical products for localised areas of dermatitis is useful as it can reduce the use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of chlorhexidine wipes in case of localised dysbiosis in atopic dogs. Twenty dogs received a daily application of wipes for 14 days and showed a clinical and cytological statistically significant improvement following the use of the tested product after 7 and 14 days of application. Antiseptic wipes are beneficial in case of localised dysbiosis in CAD. (1) Background: Dysbiosis is frequently observed in Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD). Antimicrobial treatment may be necessary to treat flare ups and the use of topical treatments is beneficial to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Wipes are an easy way to apply antiseptic agents on the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of 3% chlorhexidine impregnated wipes (Pyoskin® wipes, MP Labo, France) on local areas of dysbiosis in dogs with CAD. (2) Methods: A total of 20 dogs suffering from CAD presented with localised areas of dysbiosis were included in this study. Affected areas were cleansed with the daily application of chlorhexidine wipes once a day for 14 days. Follow-up visits were scheduled after one and two weeks. Clinical signs (lesions and pruritus), dysbiosis scored by cytological counts (cocci and Malassezia) and investigator and owner global appreciation were evaluated. (3) Results: A statistically significant decrease in clinical scores and cytological counts were observed as soon as D7 and until D14. Both owner and investigator appreciation were considered high (4) Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine impregnated wipes is a useful and easy way to manage localised dysbiosis in atopic dogs and allows limiting of systemic medication to prevent bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In severe stages of periodontitis, conventional periodontal therapy and maintenance care are usually insufficient due to the viral and bacterial etiology; thus, a mechanical approach alone may not be sufficient to eliminate a substantial portion of subgingival pathogens, especially in deep periodontal sites. Background and Objectives: This single-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a low-cost protocol using povidone–iodine and sodium hypochlorite formulations as adjuncts to non-surgical therapy for patients with stage IV periodontitis when compared with chlorhexidine, the most commonly employed substance to date for antimicrobial regimens in periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (subgingival instrumentation, chlorhexidine-assisted) and test (antiviral medication, subgingival instrumentation with povidone–iodine, sodium hypochlorite rinsing solution, and antibiotics). Clinical measurements and microbiological analyses were performed at baseline and after three months. Results: After three months, notable differences were found in the bacterial detection scores for Porphyromonas gingivalis (a significant reduction in detection frequency was observed in the test compared to the control (p = 0.021)), and there were significant reductions in detection in the test group for Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, showing undetectable levels (p < 0.0001 for both). In the test group, the pocket probing depth median value was reduced significantly (p = 0.0005); similarly, bleeding on probing showed a marked decrease (p < 0.0001). However, changes in clinical attachment loss and full-mouth plaque score were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Using the proposed protocol, substantial improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters were obtained when compared with the current antimicrobial recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I. viscosa has been used for years in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, and paper antiphlogistic activities. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of I. viscosa leaf extracts on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa have been examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml concentrations of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water has been used as a negative control and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) (2 · 10-2 M) has been used as a positive control. The test concentrations have been determined according to doses which are recommended for use in alternativemedicine. There has been statistically significant (P < .05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with the control groups. All the tested extracts have been observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. I. viscosa leaf extract induces the total number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells significantly when compared with control groups. Also, this paper shows for the first time the induction of cell death, ghost cells, cells with membrane damage, and binucleated cells by extract treatment. These results suggest the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the I. viscosa leaf extracts on A. cepa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin (poly-phenylpropane units) was precipitated from waste black liquor produced by paper manufacture from rice straw. The use of this lignin as partial substitution of phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin is investigated. The effect of different variables [e.g., lignin concentration, ratio of formaldehyde to phenol lignin (phenol + lignin), temperature, and polymerization time on the properties of the produced resin is studied]. The effect of the chemical modification of lignin by oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis on the properties of the produced phenol lignin formaldehyde resin is also studied. Hydrolysis of lignin by hydrochloric acid increases the reactivity between lignin, formaldehyde, and phenol in producing resin with good properties more than untreated lignin. Also, the percent of replaced phenol with lignin in the resin can be increased by hydrolysis of lignin with hydrochloric acid. So, the reactivity of lignin toward resin formation has the following sequence: hydrolyzed lignin > oxidized lignin with dichromate > treated lignin with sodium hydrosulfite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX DG) mouthwash on the adhesion of oral bacteria to orthodontic appliances. The interactions of four bacteria (S. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. oralis, and V. parvula) with two alloys (stainless steel [SS] and nickel-titanium [NiTi]) and three CHX DG solutions (commercial products Curasept and Perio Plus, and pure CHX DG, all with 0.12% active substance) were tested. The adhesive effect on the orthodontic wires was evaluated after 24 h for S. oralis and after 72 h for the other bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the solution for each bacterial strain was determined using the dilution method to test the antibacterial action. Salivary-pretreated orthodontic archwires were exposed to minimal bactericidal concentrations of solution and bacteria. Commercial antiseptic products, especially Perio Plus, showed a better inhibition of bacterial adhesion to both alloys than pure CHX DG solution (p < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans was most inhibited in the adhesion of all bacteria by the CHX DG products. A greater inhibition of streptococci adherence was observed on SS, while that of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed on NiTi. V. parvula inhibition was product-dependent. Although there were differences between the strains and the tested agents, it can be concluded that Perio Plus most effectively inhibited the adhesion of all tested bacteria to the SS and NiTi alloys. A. actinomycetemcomitans was most sensitive to all tested agents, while S. mutans showed the highest resistance. The effectiveness of the tested agents was better on NiTi alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives -- To analyze the current umbilical cord (UC) care practice in Slovenia and to evaluate the impact of national UC care recommendations by comparing the UC care practice before and after their introduction. Materials and Methods -- A questionnaire covering the complete UC care was sent to medical nurses and midwifes involved in UC care in primary-level pediatric centers, health visiting and parent education services (outpatient group) and secondary and tertiary-level pediatric centers (inpatient care group) in Slovenia. Three different clinical conditions of the newborn's umbilicus, i.e. healthy umbilicus (HU), umbilicus at risk (RU) and unhealthy umbilicus (UU) were used. The inpatient and outpatient groups and UC care in 2013 and 2021 were compared. Results -- The sample included 396 respondents from all Slovenian regions. The odds for using UC care protocol in 2021 were 2.6 times higher compared to 2013 (P<0.001). The UC care of HU changed: the dry UC care became less frequent (P<0,001), the use of normal saline solution increased and the use of ethanol solution decreased (P<0.001). The use of ethanol solution for UU decreased (P<0.001) and the use of octenidine increased more than 200 times (P<0.001). Conclusions -- The implementation of national recommendations significantly influenced the UC care in Slovenia. The current UC care practice is more unified and consistent with international recommendations. The adjusted UC care, depending on the clinical condition of the newborn's umbilicus, puts additional value to these recommendations. Further refinements of the UC care protocol should emphasize the use of dry UC care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of pollutants have acute adverse effects on living bodies, and the effective removal of these pollutants remains a challenge. Safranin O (a biological dye) and merbromin (a topical mercury-containing antiseptic) are considered organic pollutants, and there are only a few reports on their removal. Synthesized and well-characterized (through PXRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDS analysis) MOF-5 was used for the first time in the removal of safranin O and merbromin from simulated wastewater and real wastewater. In both cases, MOF-5 effectively removed contaminants. We found that in simulated wastewater, the highest efficiency of removal of safranin O was 53.27% (for 15 mg/L) at pH 10, and for merbromin, it was 41.49% (for 25 mg/L) at pH 6. In the case of real wastewater containing natural ions (Na+, K+, F−, Cl−, SO42−, PO43−, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and other molecules, the removal efficiencies of these two dyes decreased (34.00% and 26.28% for safranin O and merbromin, respectively) because of the presence of other ions and molecules. A plausible mechanism for the removal of these pollutants using MOF-5 was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]