Search

Transition towards carbon neutrality will require application of negative carbon emission technologies (NETs). This creates a new opportunity for the industry in the near future. The pulp and paper industry already utilizes vast amounts of biomass and produces large amounts of biogenic carbon dioxide. The industry is well poised for the use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is considered as one of the key NETs. If the captured carbon dioxide can be used to manufacture green fuels to replace fossil ones, then this will generate a huge additional market where pulp and paper mills are on the front line. The objective of this study is to evaluate future trends and policies affecting the pulp and paper industry and to describe how a carbon neutral or carbon negative pulp and paper production process can be viable. Such policies include, as examples, price of carbon dioxide allowances or support for green fuel production and BECCS implementation. It is known that profitability differs depending on mill type, performance, energy efficiency, or carbon dioxide intensity. The results give fresh understanding on the potential for investing in negative emission technologies. Carbon capture or green fuel production can be economical with an emission trade system, depending on electricity price, green fuel price, negative emission credit, and a mill’s emission profile. However, feasibility does not seem to evidently correlate with the performance, technical age, or the measured efficiency of the mill.

Excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene-based paper-like materials are essential for applications in flexible conductors, energy-storage devices, etc. The graphene oxide (GO) supernatant separated by centrifugation and ultrasonication has been used to prepare graphene oxide paper and reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) with high strength and conductivity. However, this method has cumbersome steps and low supernatant concentration, which greatly increases time and energy consumption, and is not suitable for rapid batch preparation of high-strength and high-thickness rGOP. Herein, a high-speed mechanical shearing method has been used to efficiently exfoliate graphite oxide suspension into high-concentration GO slurry with large lateral size, and rGOP has been further prepared by blade coating and HI acid chemical reduction. Compared with the product prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation method, the average area of GO sheets obtained via the mechanical shear exfoliation method can reach around 16.31 μm2. As a result, the mechanical properties and conductivity of the prepared rGOP have been increased by 30% and 23.5%, respectively, with the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of 478.2 MPa and 208.4 S/cm being obtained. The developed method is of great significance for the large-scale production and emerging applications of lightweight and high-performance rGOP.

It remains a challenge to prepare special engineering paper with excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance and chemical resistance. The emergence of high-performance fiber provides support for the technical progress of special engineering paper. Herein, a novel method to obtain a novel self-reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composite paper (SR-DI-PEEK/paper) by vacuum filtration, impregnation and hot pressing. Specially, PEEK fibers were used as the skeleton fiber and a small amount of aramid pulp was added as the decanted fiber. By optimizing the process of SR-DI-PEEK/paper preparation, the best mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was presented. Compared with the composite paper prepared with Phenolic solution (PF-PEEK/paper) and Polyimide solution (PI-PEEK/paper), the mechanical properties of SR-DI-PEEK/paper was significantly improved. In particular, when the concentration of impregnation was 3 wt%, the tensile index of SR-DI-PEEK/paper reached 51.10 N m g−1 (tensile strength 47.16 kN m−1), which is 16.48 times than that of the un-impregnated PEEK/paper (2.86 kN m−1). SR-DI-PEEK/paper also exhibited excellent chemical resistance among acid, alkali, and polar solvents, while the tensile index maintained 96.3% after 40 wt% H2SO4 treatment. Besides, SR-DI-PEEK/paper showed superior thermal performance, while the temperatures corresponding to the weight loss of 5% were 574 °C.

Wastewater recycling and sludge removal in the paper industry account for about 60 % of all process costs. New and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment techniques are, therefore, continually being developed. Cavitation exploitation is currently a well-investigated topic that is also interesting for the paper production industry. This study investigates efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation alone and in combination with the addition of NaOH for the treatment of secondary pulp and paper mill sludge in order to enhance nutrient release. First, two laboratory-scale devices were tested: the blow-through and the rotating hydrodynamic cavitation generator. The latter set-up proved to be more efficient: therefore, further experiments were performed on its pilot-scale version. The results showed an increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs) by 514 mg/L, total nitrogen (Nt) by 17.4 mg/L, and total phosphorous (Pt) by 2.3 mg/L. To further increase nutrient release combination of cavitation and sludge sample alkalinization was tested. The addition of NaOH and 30 min cavitation of secondary sludge (500 L) significantly improved CODs and Nt release by 2400 mg/L and 120 mg/L, respectively. Microbiological photos revealed a definite disintegration of sludge flocks. According to our estimates, 1.9 kg of released CODs from alkaline pre-treated and cavitated sludge would cost only one euro.

Paper derived from lignocellulose has great advantages over plastics as packaging material, nevertheless, the poor water- and oil-resistances of paper-derived products limited their application in high-end field. Herein, novel dimer acid-based waterborne polyurethanes (DWPUs) with different content of dimer acid-based polyester polyol (DG) were prepared and used as water- and oil-resistant coating for paper substrate. The effects of DG contents on water- and oil-resistances, mechanical properties and thermal stability of DWPUs coated papers were systematically investigated. When the content of DG reached up to 7 wt% (based on polyester glycol), the paper coated by DWPU exhibited 88.06% decrease in Cobb 60 value, 8.7 times increase in kit rating compared with uncoated paper. Meanwhile, DWPUs coated papers showed good mechanical properties and thermal stability. These improvements are attributed to the flexible long-alkyl chain, and six-ring structure of DWPUs as well as the continuous and homogeneous DWPU-derived membrane on the surface of paper. This study provides a new framework for the preparation of high quality, multifunctional, environmentally friendly water- and oil-resistant coatings for paper substrates.

With the aim to explore the use of tree pruning waste as replacement material in papermaking, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of soda pulping concentration on the tear resistance and surface morphology of the fabricated papers. By varying the sodium hydroxide concentration from 5% to 25%, tree pruning waste papers with different tear resistance and surface morphology were fabricated. The tree pruning waste papers with the optimum tear resistance (73049.68 mN) was produced when the pulping medium was prepared at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. As confirmed by the morphology study, the pulp fibres with improved interlocking surface morphology was produced at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. Beyond that, fibre fibrillation had took place and exerted negative impact on the tear resistance of the papers. The present study confirms the use of tree pruning waste as an alternative in papermaking. Nonetheless, the soda pulping concentration must be properly regulated in order to maximize the performance of the fabricated paper products.

Sustainable and low-cost cellulose-based metallisation is the prerequisite for wearable and disposable electronics fabrication. In this paper, to realize the simplified, low-cost and high efficient metallisation, a new method had been proposed without both the noble metal activators and the corrosive chemicals. The modified electroless plating processes had been employed in activation and deposition procedure. The nickel ions were first physiadsorbed on the cellulose paper (CP) fibers and then reduced into clusters by reducing agent which can act as the seeds to initiate the electroless plating process. The gold galvanic displacement was conducted further to modify the nickel surface. Via these processes, the cellulose paper was metallised with Ni-P and Au/Ni-P successfully. The morphological and microstructural properties of the resulted Ni-P/CP and Au/Ni-P/CP hybrids were evaluated. The Ni-P/CP composites had a low surface resistance below 0.5 Ω sq-1 while the Au/Ni-P/CP composites are below 0.1 Ω sq-1. The relationship between the mechanical and electrical properties with the plating parameters is discussed. The results indicated that Au/Ni-P/CP had good electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility. Finally, the application demonstration for supercapacitor with the modified metallisation method was exhibited. This work offers a facile and non-toxic path to develop high-performance metallisation for functional cellulose-based materials.

Current product composition and quality test methods for the paper and pulp industry are mainly based on manual ex-situ wet-bench chemistry techniques. For example, the standard method for determining the furnish of paper, TAPPI T 401 "Fiber analysis of paper and paperboard," relies on the experience and visual acuity of a specially trained analyst to determine the individual plant species present and to quantify the amount of each constituent fiber type in a sheet of paper. Thus, there is a need for a fast, nondestructive analytical technique that leverages intrinsic attributes of the analytes. In this paper, we demonstrate an application of dielectric spectroscopy (DS) as a potential metrology to differentiate between nonwood pulp and wood pulp fibers. This in-situ, noncontact and nondestructive assessment method has inherent forensic capabilities and is also amiable to quality assurance techniques such as gauge capability studies and real-time statistical process control (SPC). Application The dielectric spectroscopy results presented in this paper can nondestructively determine the amount of lignin in paper products and are in principle comparable to the performance specifications of the TAPPI Standard Test Method T 401 and should enable the sources of printing substrates to be both authenticated and validated in real time in a paper testing laboratory environment.

Significative growth and demanding for premium tissue products, in which softness and absorbency are key consumer requests, pointed out the need for the establishment of relations between fiber properties and tissue paper properties. For this purpose, an experimental plan was designed using a representative group of pulp fibers, six hardwood, and six softwood, for the production and characterization of low basis weight paper structures (20 g/m2). The pulp fibers morphology and chemical content were evaluated, and hardwoods showed lower fiber length (0.70–0.84 vs 1.57–1.96 mm), coarseness (6.71–9.56 vs 16.77–19.66 mg/100 m) and higher pentosan content (6.3–21.1 vs 7.6–10.3%). Even though the paper structures were produced with the same basis weight, they presented a broad range for bulk (3.46–8.04 cm3/g), tensile index (2.00–11.45 N.m/g), softness (65.7–86.9) and absorption capacity (8.08–9.48 g/g). The results indicated that softness was directly influenced by structural properties, increasing with bulk, while tensile strength correlated inversely. Therefore, the correlations obtained were used to identify the most suitable pulp fibers properties for each type of tissue paper. Keywords: Absorption, Cellulose fiber materials, Pulp fiber morphology, Softness, Tissue papers

The pulp and paper industry has an opportunity to play a vital role in breaking the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic through production that supports widespread use of antimicrobial paper. This paper provides a brief review of paper and paper-related industries, such as those producing relevant additives, and R&D organizations that are actively engaged in developing antimicrobial papers. The focus here is on the potential of three nano-additives for use in production of antimicrobial papers that combat coronavirus: nanosilver, nanocellulose, and chitosan. Various recent developments in relevant areas and concepts underlining the fight against coronavirus are also covered, as are related terms and concepts. Application: This paper may encourage additional production of antimicrobial papers in the paper industry. Nanocellulose producers looking to promote additional applications for nanocellulose will also find antimicrobial papers quite promising. Additionally, this paper demonstrates that incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles onto the nanocellulose and chitosan matrix advances nanotechnology applications.

Starch is one of the most popular biodegradable polymers in nature, which is gaining increasing attention because of its abundant availability and low cost. However, starch film itself is very brittle and its barrier property is poor for many applications. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a versatile polymer in paper industry, is used to improve the barrier property of starch film. In this study, painting paper with exceptional barrier properties against organic solvents is successfully prepared for art creation purpose by coating a thin layer of environmentally friendly starch/PVA film on its surface. The coated paper can resist the penetration of the ink from marker pens. Furthermore, the solvent resistance and mechanical flexibility of freestanding starch/PVA hybrid film were investigated in detail. It found that the excellent barrier properties of the coated painting paper against solvents are due to the superior solvent resistance and mechanical flexibility of starch/PVA hybrid film. Therefore, the biodegradable and cost-effective strategy in this study provides a promising approach to enhance the barrier property of painting paper against solvents, which can find potential applications in painting field.

This paper reviews key advances in understanding the hydrodynamics of the forming section of papermaking during the years 1950 to 2000. Over this period papermaking advanced from rather slow-speed Fourdrinier machines to modern high-speed twin-wire formers. The advances are described in the context of technical problems faced at the time to increase machine speeds and improve paper properties. The scientific work and advances in machine design contributed greatly to the marvel of modern papermaking, which now includes machines 10 m wide operating at speeds over 100 km/h.

Handling and disposal of biosludge has been a persistent problem for many pulp and paper mills primarily because of the material’s high moisture content and poor dewatering and drying characteristics. Most biosludge is landfilled or incinerated, and some is used as a soil amendment. To incinerate biosludge, the mills mix it with primary sludge, mechanically dewater the mixture to 15%–30% solids, and burn it with hog fuel in biomass boilers. For biosludge to burn effectively, however, it must be dewatered or dried to at least 30%–35% solids. A systematic study was conducted to examine the drying characteristics of biosludge collected from pulp and paper mills at various temperatures using a thermogravimetric dryer. The drying behavior of the tested biosludges was similar, adding fillers such as wood fines and biomass boiler fly ash to biosludge up to 30 wt% did not significantly affect the drying rate, higher organic content might make biosludge more difficult to dry, and increasing drying temperature significantly increases the drying rate as expected.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have inspired many research interests due to their better properties in optical, electric, and flexible applications. One such exploitable use is as the electrical conductive fillers for print electronics. In this paper, AgNWs with mean a diameter of 80 nm and mean length of 13.49 &mu, m were synthesized using the polyol solvothermal method. A sonication-induced scission process was used to obtain AgNWs with a length range of 7.64&ndash, 11.21 &mu, m. Further AgNWs inks were prepared with the as-synthesized AgNWs as conductive fillers in anhydrous ethanol. The conductive inks were coated on resin coated photographic paper substrate using the knife coating process and dried at room temperature. The effects of the number of layers of AgNWs coating, the concentration of AgNWs, and the length of AgNWs on the microstructure and electrical properties of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and using the four-point probe method. The results show that the conductivity of the AgNWs coating increases with the increase in the number of layers in the AgNWs coating, concentration and length of the AgNWs.

There has always been a need for recyclable materials in the construction industry. Taking this fact into consideration anexploration using paper tubes and medium density fiber-board (M.D.F) as construction materials was ventured. In order tounderstand these materials, a temporary space frame was made. The paper describes in detail the entire process of making thespace frame. Issues related to shape and size of the structure, connection detail and its material, wind forces etc., which occurfrequently during the making of such structures are discussed in depth. At last the strengths, weaknesses, and scope of papertubes as a building construction material in coming future have been discussed.

Biomaterials and new processes (3D printing and flexible hybrid electronics) offer opportunities to break free from a 2D paper world by allowing for the development of smart multi-dimensional structures. While there has been recent progress reported in each of these areas of technology, to date, the merger of these technologies has been very limited. We believe that their merger offers boundless opportunities and an opportunity for the paper industry to innovate a low cost, sustainable housing solution capable of promoting the well-being of its occupants while minimizing the environmental impact of its daily use.

In most of the industries grinding is the final stage of finishing process. Grinding is a machining process which uses an abrasive wheel or belt type cutting tool. This grinding machine is used in various industries for finishing of work pieces and give high surface quality. Grinding with wheel or belt type cutting tool is used for different precision applications such as deburring in foundries and constructions, polishing, engraving and cut-off grinding. Our project provides flexible worktable through which angular grinding with better surface finish can be obtain. Also less force is generated through this arrangement which in turn provides firm gripping.

纸是由纤维素层状无序排布构成的多孔介质。近年来，检测试纸和纸基微流控芯片在疾病诊断、水污染和食品安全的快速检测中的应用受到人们广泛关注。纸内的渗流规律对于解释检测结果和提高检测的准确度和灵敏度都具有重要意义。本文概述了纸内渗流理论的研究进展，包括宏观毛细渗流及孔隙结构内微观渗流，并介绍了纸内流动的控制方法及其对检测试纸和纸基微流控芯片检测效果的影响。 Paper is composed of cellulosic fibers forming the planar net work structure where the positions, orientations of the fibers are random. Recently, paper based detection platforms (e.g., microfluidics, lateral flow assays) have found widespread applications in diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, environment pollution, food safety, etc. How to explain the detecting results in paper-based diagnose and how to improve the sensitivity of the detecting are all related to an insight into the liquid penetration in the paper. This paper presents the state-of-art advances in the theory for both macroscopical and pore-scale liquid penetration in paper. The flow control methods of liquid flow in paper integrated into LFAs and microfluidic chips are also introduced, along with their effects on the efficiency of paper-based diagnosis.

Most agricultural soils in Western Newfoundland are acidic and need lime to raise soil pH to be productive. Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd produces a substantial amount of fly-ash, disposed of at a local landfill. This study was conducted to assess the potential for using fly-ash as a liming material for agricultural soil (pH 5.5) in Western Newfoundland. Heavy metal concentration in the soil and fly-ash were analysed and compared with soil and compost guidelines. As per quality guidelines, only part of the lime requirement can be substituted by fly-ash. The percentage may vary depending on initial soil pH and the desired pH for the crop to be grown. The total lime requirement can be met when fly-ash is applied combined with other soil amendments low in trace element concentration.

Разработан способ производства упаковочной бумаги повышенной непрозрачности, белизны и прочности. Он заключается в изготовлении бумаги из волокон сульфатной беленой целлюлозы из хвойной и лиственной древесины с добавлением тонкоизмельченных волокон целлюлозы, диоксида титана и поливинилового спирта. Это позволяет повысить разрывную длину бумаги, белизну, непрозрачность, цветовосприятие и устойчивость печати, снизить линейную деформацию бумаги, The study presents results of the design of a paper wrapping material, which simultaneously possesses high functional (strength and opacity), aesthetic (whiteness), and technological properties (color acceptance and print sharpness). The latter is a particularly important element in the marketing strategy of food manufacturers because it enables creation of the packaging that is attractive to consumer and thus may increase sales.According to results of the conducted study, it was found that the set of proposed activities could increase discontinuous paper length to over than 5000 m and opacity to 92 %, while the linear deformation is reduced by 2–2.5 times in comparison with the analogue. The introduction of titanium dioxide as a filler to the paper pulp provides a whiteness level of 88 %. The use of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enhances color acceptance and print stability. This is due to the creation of resistance to the plucking of fibers and particles of the filler by paint during printing and friction. The results are confirmed by the uniform mass indicators per 1 m2 and humidity in 8 points.It is advisable to use results of the study performed in the production of wrapping paper, as well as when selecting packing material for one or another food product, which is especially important at present – in the context of European integration and production of goods that meet international standards, Розроблено спосіб виробництва пакувального паперу підвищеної непрозорості, білості та міцності. Він полягає у виготовленні паперу з волокон сульфатної біленої целюлози з хвойної і листяної деревини з додаванням тонкоподрібнених волокон целюлози, діоксиду титану і полівінілового спирту. Це дозволяє підвищити розривну довжину паперу, білість, непрозорість, фарбосприйняття та стійкість друку, знизити лінійну деформацію пеперу

In this work, the fabrication of Rochelle salt based piezoelectric structures is illustrated. Structures composed of paper and Rochelle salt are easily manufactured using simple processes. Both manufacturing and the material itself are environmental friendly. Additionally Rochelle salt is biocompatible. In the paradigm of a cleaner piezoelectric technology, the fabrication of active sensing or actuating devices is developed. Thus processing method, material and piezoelectric properties have been studied: (1) pure crystals are used as acoustic actuator, (2) properties of paper impregnated with Rochelle salt are detailed, (3) charge generation is demonstrated on the impregnated material. Actuating and sensing devices are reported in order to highlight the potential of this green piezoelectric material. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Nowadays, human beings are facing big challenges of energy shortage, environmental issues, and sustainable development. Rapid development in technology and industry causes increase in environmental...

Low energy surface coatings have found wide range of applications for generating hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. Most of the studies have been related to use of a single coating material over a single substrate or using a single technique. The degree of hydrophobicity is highly dependent on fabrication processes as well as materials being coated and as such warrants a high-level study using experimental optimization leading to the evaluation of the parametric behavior of coatings and their application techniques. Also, a single platform or system which can predict the required set of parameters for generating hydrophobic surface of required nature for given substrate is of requirement. This work applies the powerful machine learning algorithms (Levenberg Marquardt using Gauss Newton and Gradient methods) to evaluate the various processes affecting the anti-wetting behavior of coated printable paper substrates with the capability to predict the most optimized method of coating and materials that may lead to a desirable surface contact angle. The major application techniques used for this study pertain to dip coating, spray coating, spin coating and inkjet printing and silane and sol–gel base coating materials.

In this work an outlook on the design and application, in the cultural heritage field, of new tools for diagnostic and cleaning use, based on biocompatible hydrogels and electrochemical sensors, is reported. The use of hydrogels is intriguing because it does not require liquid treatment that could induce damage on artworks, while electrochemical biosensors not only are easy to prepare, but also can be selective for a specific compound and therefore are suitable for monitoring the cleaning process. In the field of restoration of paper artworks, more efforts have to be done in order to know how to perform the best way for an effective restoration. Rigid Gellan gel, made up of Gellan gum and calcium acetate, was proposed as a paper cleaning treatment, and selective biosensors for substances to be removed from this gel have been obtained by choosing the appropriate enzymes to be immobilized. Using this approach, it is possible to know when the cleanup process will be completed, avoiding lengthy and sometimes unnecessary cleaning material applications.

To address the growing need for economically viable sludge processing technologies and associated resource recovery, a novel convective high-velocity pilot cyclone was set-up at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umea, Sweden. In essence this process entails feeding (⩽900 kg h−1) a material to a heated high-velocity air flow (approx. 13 × 103 m3 h−1) allowing moisture removal at low temperatures. This equipment is expected to improve drying of challenging industrial sludge materials when used as a pretreatment method prior to further processing. Modeling results based on an experimental campaign on recycled paper mill sludge indicated that efficient drying with a specific energy consumption of ⩽1–1.2 kWh kg−1 H2O can be achieved with inlet air temperature levels ⩾40 °C coupled with respective feeding capacity of ⩽750 kg h−1.

With the final aim of reducing the energy consumption and increase the methane production at Swedish pulp and paper mills, the methane potential of 62 wastewater effluents from 10 processes at seven pulp and/or paper mills (A-G) was determined in anaerobic batch digestion assays. This mapping is a first step towards an energy efficient and more sustainable utilization of the effluents by anaerobic digestion, and will be followed up by tests in lab-scale and pilot-scale reactors. Five of the mills produce kraft pulp (KP), one thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP), two chemical thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) and two neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulp. Both elementary and total chlorine free (ECF and TCF, respectively) bleaching processes were included. The effluents included material from wood rooms, cooking and oxygen delignification, bleaching (often both acid- and alkali effluents), drying and paper/board machinery as well as total effluents before and after sedimentation. The results from the screening showed a large variation in methane yields (percent of theoretical methane potential assuming 940 NmL CH4 per g TOC) among the effluents. For the KP-mills, methane yields above 50% were obtained for the cooking effluents from mills D and F, paper machine wastewater from mill D, condensate streams from mills B, E and F and the composite pre-sedimentation effluent from mill D. The acidic ECF-effluents were shown to be the most toxic to the AD-flora and also seemed to have a negative effect on the yields of composite effluents downstream while three of the alkaline ECF-bleaching effluents gave positive methane yields. ECF bleaching streams gave higher methane yields when hardwood was processed. All TCF-bleaching effluents at the KP mills gave similar degradation patterns with final yields of 10-15% of the theoretical methane potential for four of the five effluents. The composite effluents from the two NSSC-processes gave methane yields of 60% of the theoretical potential. The TMP mill (A) gave the best average yield with all six effluents ranging 40-65% of the theoretical potential. The three samples from the CTMP process at mill B showed potentials around 40% while three of the six effluents at mill G (CTMP) yielded 45-50%.

A simple method for microfluidic paper-based sample concentration using ion concentration polarization (ICP) with smartphone detection is developed. The concise and low-cost microfluidic paper-based ICP analytical device, which consists of a black backing layer, a nitrocellulose membrane, and two absorbent pads, is fabricated with the simple lamination method which is widely used for lateral flow strips. Sample concentration on the nitrocellulose membrane is monitored in real time by a smartphone whose camera is used to collect the fluorescence images from the ICP device. A custom image processing algorithm running on the smartphone is used to track the concentrated sample and obtain its fluorescence signal intensity for quantitative analysis. Two different methods for Nafion coating are evaluated and their performances are compared. The characteristics of the ICP analytical device especially with intentionally adjusted physical properties are fully evaluated to optimize its performance as well as to extend its potential applications. Experimental results show that significant concentration enhancement with fluorescence dye sample is obtained with the developed ICP device when a fast depletion of fluorescent dye is observed. The platform based on the simply laminated ICP device with smartphone detection is desired for point-of-care testing in settings with poor resources.

This Special Issue of Heat Transfer Engineering includes thirteen selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Nanofluids (ICNf), which was held at Universitat Jaume I, in Castello (Spa...

The 6th Micro and Nano Flows Conference was held at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, between 9-12 of September 2018, see http://mnf2018.com. The conference Local Organizi...