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Critical thinking has been a significant issue in the realm of EFL teaching and learning. This study aimed at investigating the contribution of paper-based and web-assisted feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ level of criticality in acquiring the writing skill. Besides, it was endeavoured to explore the extent of feedback contributions to the five constituents of critical thinking. Accordingly, a non-randomized control group pre/post-test design was taken into consideration, accounting for the two experimental treatments along with one control group. The levels of critical thinking of 61 EFL learners were initially rated prior to the 11-session treatments, and finally were re-appraised at the termination of the semester at University of Hormozgan. The out-turns of the one-way between-groups ANOVA set forth a statistically significant difference between the critical thinking scores of the four groups with respect to the type of feedback they received. Moreover, the outcomes of paired samples t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in all the four within-group criticality scores from pretest to posttest. Furthermore, the results of MANOVA illuminated a significant feedback contribution to the argument level of critical thinking, substantially due to the web-assisted type. So, web-assisted feedback was concluded to play a crucial role in facilitating EFL learners' journey towards becoming more critical writers. Finally, some pedagogical implications were conveyed parenthetically.

In this article, with the help of Heidegger and Foucault's conceptual tools, as well as the achievements of the cognitive science, we try to examine the transition from paper reading to digital reading. This discussion can be a preparation for a philosophical understanding of the digital age. We show that Heidegger's analysis of the ready-to-hand beings and technology can help to understand the reading behaviors of paper and digital readers. We have also use Heidegger's analytical framework for text ontology. On the other hand, Foucault's reflections on the embodied technologies can explain the power-knowledge relationships that is constructed around the reader. In addition, the cognitive science has provided detailed empirical findings on the effects of reading behaviors on the human cognitive biases and skills by examining the various modes of reading. Embodied and skillful cognitive science, by going beyond the computational understanding of human beings, has noticed the various behaviors and states of the body in reading processes and highlighted their effects. To integrate these areas of research, we try to place the findings of the cognitive science within the framework of Heidegger and Foucault's technological understanding of the modern power-knowledge relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate Graham Higman's paper Enumerating p-groups, II, in whichhe formulated his famous PORC conjecture. We look at the possibilities forturning his theory into a practical algorithm for computing the number of p-class two groups of order pn for small n. We obtain the PORC formulae for thenumber of r-generator groups of p-class two for r 6. In addition, we obtainthe PORC formula for the number of p-class two groups of order p8.One of the ideas used in implementing Higman's theory has led to a signi -cant speed up in Eamonn O'Brien's ClassTwo function in Magma. In addition,we are able to simplify some of the theory. In particular, Higman's paper con-tains ve pages of homological algebra which he uses in his proof that thenumber of solutions in a nite eld to a nite set of monomial equations isPORC. It turns out that the homological algebra is just razzle dazzle, and canall be replaced by the single observation that if you write the equations as therows of a matrix then the number of solutions is the product of the elementarydivisors in the Smith normal form of the matrix.

Introduction: Common zinnia (Zinnia elegans), canna (Canna sp.), petunia (Petunia hybrida), compacta (Dracaena Compacta), dahlia (Dahlia sp.), gazania (Gazania sp.), marigold (Tagetes sp.), rose moss (Portulaca grandiflora) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) are common ornamental plants in Ahwaz. The identification of fungi associated with these plants will contribute to improving the future management of their cultivation. Members of the genera Amesia and Chaetomium are widely distributed in soil, water, plants, animals and humans. In this study, 12 isolates from Chaetomium and Amesia genera, obtained from herbaceous ornamentals, were identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Materials and methods: During 2017-2018, 40 symptomatic plants, showing root rot, stem canker and leaf spot, were collected and their associated fungi were isolated. Among those, 12 chaetomiaceae-like isolates were obtained, which their morphological and molecular characterizations were surveyed. Mycelial biomass of the isolates, produced into potatodextrose- broth (PDB), was collected by passing through filter paper and freeze-dried. ITS and partial regions of the 28s-D1/D2 (for 4 isolates) and tub2 (for 9 isolates) were amplified using appropriate primers and sequenced. Results: The isolates under survey were compared with known strains using BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, 28S and tub2 regions. Accordingly, the isolates under study were identified as follows: Amesia atrobrunnea, Chaetomium rectangulare, C. globosum, C. ascotrichoides and C. olivaceum. The morphological characteristics of these isolates were in accordance with the type strains of each species. Discussion and conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first record of C. ascotrichoides in Iran and the association of C. rectangulare on compacta, C. globosum on zinnia and canna, C. ascotrichoides on petunia, C. olivaceum on common zinnia, nasturtium and marigold in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, in order to show the trend of explicating the concept of "Loving Allah" through interpreting Quran by Sufis, the comments of mystical commentaries of Quarn and other mystical inscriptions about the 54th verse of Maeda chapter of Quran, which is famous in "Irtedad verse", from beginning until 14th century AH have been surveyed by date of writing. The mystics have relied on Irtedad verse as a permit for loving Allah by focusing on 'yohebbohom va yohebboonah' part. Sufis in non-interpretive writings tried to prove the soundness of their belief in loving Allah from the third century. They repeat and explicate the comments of the departed from the sixth century. In this writings, from the eighth century, the concentration in clarifying Irtedad verse decreases because of considering the issue of loving Allah as definite. In interpretive inscriptions, according to the more cautious style of writing, the above trend happens lately. Mystical commentaries remain silent about Irtedad verse until fifth century, and attempt to establish the authorization of loving Allah until ninth century, and to review the comments of predecessors in a fresh language thenceforth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Introduction Industrial development strategies which presented in 1950s, is one of most popular strategy to increase the development level of undeveloped regions. In fact development of industrial pole which include large urban, industrial areas and large companies can become a growth center for economic activities and encourage growth in periphery areas. Accordingly, Mazandaran wood and paper industries initiate their activities in 1997 have had positive and negative impacts on periphery rural areas. Since previous study ignored the investigation such impacts, current research aimed to assess the economic, social, environmental and physical impacts of Mazandaran's “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. Research method This applied research was carried out by questionnaire survey method. The statistical population consisted of 2625 heads of household in 18 villages around the “wood and paper complex” which 350 samples randomly selected by Krejcie and Morgan table. Content validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed by a panel experts and faculty members. Calculated Coronbach Alpha coefficients as indication of questionnaire’s reliability were as equal to 0.68, 0.88, 0.86, and 0.92 respectively for economical, social, physical and environmental impacts. Using SPSS and EXCEL software, the gathered data was analyzed. Theoretical framework Theory growth pole and growth center formulated and developed by many scientists. According to the concept of growth pole and growth center, public investment programs will have maximum effects on a regional growth if concentrated in a small number of favorable locations in regional development policy. Growth pole and growth center concept has become popular because of its orientation towards ‘dynamic industry' (i.e. dynamic propulsive firm & leading propulsive industry) ‘polarization and agglomeration' (interindustry linkages of external economies) and the promise of ensuring “spread effects”. One of the important characteristics of a leading propulsive industry or growth centers is different effects on periphery areas. Such effects are of two types. Backwash effects: These include all the negative effects of growth centers. It promise capital, skills and people moved out of backward regions to the developed regions, leaving the latter poor and dry. So growth centers can't cause of development for periphery areas. Spread effects: These include all the positive effects of growth centers. These spread effects were those which gave expansionary momentum from the centers of economic expansion to other regions, and were centrifugal in nature. So growth centers can cause of development for periphery areas and the main cause of economic forwardness and regional development has been the strong spread effects and the weak backwash effects Current paper aimed to investigate backwash and forward effects of wood and paper industries in Mazandaran province. - Results Results of prioritizing items of physical impacts showed that "development of educational services and facilities in rural areas was most important according to rural people viewpoint. Also “increasing tendency of rural people to work in wood and paper complex” was most social impacts, "increasing employment opportunities in rural areas” was most economical impacts and “reduce in rangeland" was most environmental impacts of “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. The results of on-sample t-test showed that all the four impacts of Mazandaran wood and paper industries were lower than means. Findings of factor analyzing indicated that six factors namely; “social benefits”, “infrastructural benefits”, “environmental costs”, “economic benefits”, “recreationalservices benefits” and “social costs” explained %68.804 of the total variances for impacts of “wood and paper complex” on around rural areas. Current results revealed that; “social benefits”, “infrastructural benefits”, “economic benefits”, “recreational-services benefits” indicated positive effects and “environmental costs”, and “social costs” imply negative effects of “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. Moreover %72.081 of total effects was positive and %27.919 was negative effects which revealed that positive effects were more than negative effects. Moreover the results of compare mean tests showed that different groups of rural people didn't have consensus on the positive and negative impacts. Recommendations Establish training centers inside of complex to train local people and increase its skill and providing them as expert workers. Management with cooperation of rural council can introduce activity of complex and attain more support from local community. Transforming management of training, sport and health center to local people and improve its attitude and satisfaction. Using infiltration technology or finding location explosion can decrease waste and increase of environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate Graham Higman's paper Enumerating p-groups, II, in which he formulated his famous PORC conjecture. We are able to simplify some of the theory. In particular, Higman's paper contains five pages of homological algebra which he uses in his proof that the number of solutions in a finite field to a finite set of monomial equations is PORC. It turns out that the homological algebra is just razzle dazzle, and can all be replaced by the single observation that if you write the equations as the rows of a matrix then the number of solutions is the product of the elementary divisors in the Smith normal form of the matrix. We obtain the PORC formulae for the number of r-generator groups of p-class two for r ⩽ 6. In addition, we obtain the PORC formula for the number of p-class two groups of order p8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the non-progressive spread of influence with threshold model in social networks. Consider a graph G with a threshold function t on its vertex set. Spread of influence is a discrete dynamic process as follows. For a given set of initially infected vertices at time step 0 each vertex v gets infected at time step i, i = 1, if and only if the number of infected neighbors are at least t (v) in time step i-1. Our goal is to find the minimum cardinality of initially infected vertices (perfect target set) such that eventually all of the vertices get infected at some time step l. In this paper an upper bound for the convergence time of the process is given for graphs with general thresholds. Then an integer linear programming for the size of minimum perfect target set is presented. Then we give a lower bound for the size of perfect target sets with strict majority threshold on graphs which all of the vertices have even degrees. It is shown that the later bound is asymptotically tight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the light verb constructions (LVCs) formed with the light verb dādan ‘to give’ in Persian by employing the principles of cognitive lexical semantics. It examines the semantic relationships between the heavy verb dādan and its uses as LVCs. The analysis of attested examples reveals that the use of dādan as a light verb (LV) is a function of the semantic structure of its simple verb counterpart. This suggests that its lightness status is highly systematic and can be explained in terms of cognitively driven motivations. In addition, a significant number of the LVCs express certain causation meanings, suggesting that Persian speakers tend to use the LV dādan to convey causative notions as newly emerged LVCs. This stance will constitute our line of argument to analyze the data in this study. By presenting a cognitive configuration of LVCs in Persian, the current paper can pave the way for a fine-grained theorization of typological aspects of LVCs in some other languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harary and Wiener indices are distance-based topological index. In this paper, we study the relations of graph energy e(G) and its Harary index H(G) and Wiener index W(G). Moreover, for a given graph G we study the lower bound of H(G) e(G) and W(G) e(G) in terms of the number of vertices of G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Gσ be an oriented graph with underlying simple graph G. The skew-adjacency matrix of Gσ is the {0, 1,-1}-matrix S = S(Gσ) = [sij ], such that sij = 1 if (vi, vj) is an arc in Gσ, sij = -1 if (vj, vi) is an arc in Gσ and sij = 0, otherwise. In this paper, all connected oriented graphs with three distinct skew-eigenvalues 0 and ±2i are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, one of the most significant areas of literary studies is to assess, review and criticize of various rhetorical work from different viewpoints; such studies is more remarkable especially when performed on older literary texts with critical-thinking view.”Majmu'e-ye-Latayef-va-Safine-ye-Zarayef” poem ontology compiled by "Saife- Jam-e-Heravi", one of the most ancient rhetorical text from the late eight and early nine AH centuries, is written in the Indian subcontinent. The study of rhetorical subjects in ”Majmu'e-ye-Latayef ", considering its history, provides outlook on rhetoric’s history and development, especially in the Indian subcontinent; hence, this paper inspects this work from innovations, impressionability and imitation viewpoints as well as its importance from rhetoric perspective. The innovation of "Saif-e-Jam" in this poem ontology are as follows: personal terminology for rhetoric concepts, critique of his precedent poets’ poems, novel classifications, and new examples. Additionally, he gathered poems from both famous and less known Indian subcontinent poets, hence his ontology could be the only reference for several poets, especially the less knows or unknown ones. Such innovations has extolled the merits of his ontology beyond a merely imitation work. To specifically clarify imitations of ”Majmu'e-ye-Latayef ", this work is compared against other precedent predominantly rhetorical texts. This comparison reveals that “Saif-e-Jam-e-Heravi" have adopted various sections of his poem ontology from different references without mentioning their titles and authors; several of such references are as follows: Rashid-e-Vatvat's “Hadayegh-ul-Sehr” (divisions and examples), Jajarmi's “Munes-ul-Ahrar” and Kalati's “Munes-ul-Ahrar”(classification and poem samples), Amir Khosrow's “Eijaz-e-Khosrawi” and “Dibache-ye-Divan-e- Ghorrat-ul-Kamal”(definitions and examples created by Amir Khosrow), Khatib-e- Qazvini's “Al-Eizah-fi-Olum”(definitions), and Taftazani's “Al-Motawwal” (definitions). Furthermore, this work reviews and criticizes errors and mistakes of this ontology's rhetoric section in definitions, examples, and classification areas. "Saif-e- Jam-e-Heravi" have intended to collect an ontology and just exploit rhetoric viewpoint for classification of the gathered poems under separate sections; hence, he have mentioned incorrect examples for a given literary figure of speech or even have called one specific figure of speech under different names or labels (e.g., “tarh-e horuf” /lipogram and “hazf-e horuf”/ elision are identical). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish a new q-analogue of the binomial identity:... Our proof relies on a weight-preserving and sign-reversing involution due to Guo and Zhang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let 픽QG be a finite group algebra. We denote by P(픽QG) the probability that the product of two elements of 픽QG be zero. In this paper, we obtain several results on this probability including a computing formula and characterizations. In particular, the computing formula for the P(픽QG) are established where G is the cyclic group Cn, the Quaternion group Qs, the symmetric group S3 and Fq is a finite field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of art. Drawing on the philosophy and ethics of AI, this study examines the ethical challenges that may arise in the art domain. Given the increasing use and penetration of AI in the field of art, there is a need for more careful attention to the ethical dimensions of this phenomenon by scholars of art and philosophy. To achieve the objective of the paper, concepts such as AI, some of its techniques, and the ethical issues of AI in art are explained and analyzed using the analytical-descriptive method. The findings of the study reveal that ethical issues such as privacy and surveillance, manipulation of behavior, opacity and transparency, bias in decision systems, and automation and employment can be investigated in the field of art. These ethical issues are sometimes in conflict and sometimes in direct relation with each other. This study suggests that addressing the ethical questions of AI in the field of art requires addressing the ethical questions of AI in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypertree is a special type of connected hypergraph that removes any, its hyperedge then results in a disconnected hypergraph. Relation between hypertrees (hypergraphs) and trees (graphs) can be helpful to solve real problems in hypernetworks and networks and it is the main tool in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a positive relation (as α-relation) on hypertrees that makes a connection between hypertrees and trees. This relation is dependent on some parameters such as path, length of a path, and the intersection of hyperedges. For any q ∈ N, we introduce the concepts of a derivable tree, (α, q)-hypergraph, and fundamental (α, q)-hypertree for the first time in this study and analyze the structures of derivable trees from hypertrees via given positive relation. In the final, we apply the notions of derivable trees, (α, q)-trees in real optimization problems by modeling hypernetworks and networks based on hypertrees and trees, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eccentricity matrix ε(G) of a graph G is defined as...Let Tt be a t-clique tree corresponding to the tree T(underlying graph of Tt) with order n' = (n-1)t+1 and diameter d. In this paper, we identify the extremal t-clique trees with given diameter having the minimum e-spectral radius. Simultaneously, we calculate the lower bound of e-spectral radius of t-clique trees when n - d is odd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trees are acyclic connected graphs. Plane trees, d-ary trees, binary trees, noncrossing trees and their generalizations, which are families of trees, have been enumerated by many authors using various statistics. These trees are known to be enumerated by Catalan or Catalan-like formulas (Fuss-Catalan numbers). One of the most common approaches to the enumeration of these trees is by means of generating functions. Another method that can be used to enumerate them is by constructing bijections between sets of the same cardinality. The bijective method is preferred to other methods by many combinatorialists. So, in this paper, we construct bijections relating k-plane trees, k-noncrossing increasing trees, k-noncrossing trees, k-binary trees and weakly labelled k-trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deza digraphs were introduced in 2003 by Zhang and Wang as directed graph version of Deza graphs, that also generalize the notion of directed strongly regular graphs. In this paper, we give several new constructions of Deza digraphs. Further, we introduce twin and Siamese twin (directed) Deza graphs and construct several examples. Finally, we study a variation of directed Deza graphs and provide a construction from finite fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Todays, business environment is facing a lot of uncertainty, and this increases the importance of budgeting in companies. This is why in recent years; various researches have been conducted in this field. Accordingly, this paper aims to evaluate them and answer to these questions: “what are the budgeting weaknesses in companies? What are the budgeting improvement obstacles in companies? And what are the approaches to improve budgeting in companies?” So, we search journal papers in this field using a systematic literature review and based on PRISMA protocol. After screening papers based on eligibility criteria, 32 papers were finally approved as papers related to the purpose and research questions. For achieving the trustworthiness of data and research findings, while using valid databases and applying a systematic process in literature review, research input sources were present to two experts and in addition an attempt was made to provide a rich description of the research process. Then, by analyzing the selected papers, 9 weaknesses, 6 obstacles and 20 improvement approaches were extracted. finally, considering the theoretical gap of existing researches, suggestions for future researches were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a variant version of the Aquila Optimizer (AO) for efficiently solving high-dimensional computationally expensive problems. Traditional optimization techniques struggle with problems characterized by expensive objective functions and a large number of variables. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Surrogate Model-based Aquila Optimizer (SMAO) that leverages machine learning techniques to approximate the objective function. SMAO utilizes Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) to build an accurate and efficient surrogate model. By iteratively optimizing the surrogate model, the search process is directed toward the global optimum while significantly reducing the computational cost compared to traditional optimization methods. To evaluate and compare the performance of SMAO with the surrogate model-based versions of the Gazelle Optimization Algorithm Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA), Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA), Prairie Dog Optimization (PDO), and Fick's Law Optimization Algorithm (FLA), they are analyzed on a set of benchmark test functions with dimensions varying from 30 to 200. According to the reported results, SMAO has a higher performance compared to others in terms of achieving the nearest solutions to an optimum, early convergence, and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an online scheme of a wide-area-damping-controller (WADC) for controlling the inter-area oscillatory modes in interconnected power systems using wide-area power system stabilizers and measuring signals. The proposed adaptive controller includes two individual approaches WSSS for evaluating the signal participation factor selection and GPSS as a global power system stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations. For this purpose, considering the concept of center of inertia over inter-area signals, generators with the highest interactions are determined as oscillating areas while based on evaluating signal damping ratio, proper participation factors are estimated in which GPSS with positive damping performance is developed. In real-time working mode, based on oscillatory signals gathered from WAMS data, different combinations of PSSs are evaluated in which the combinations with the best controllability on damping the oscillations are selected. The effectiveness of the proposed widearea damping controller scheme is evaluated on the IEEE test system and practical Iran national power grid with the potential of unstable inter-area oscillations. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed WADC approach for fast and secure damping of inter-area oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urban planning has undergone significant transformations throughout history marked by distinct eras characterized by shifts in planning principles, approaches, and objectives. In recent years, citizens’ participation and democratization of urban management have gained considerable attention and importance. It has become evident that imposing large-scale urban projects on communities without their input or involvement can lead to severe backlash. Traditional methods, such as offline consultations, co-design workshops, and surveys, have facilitated architects and planners in understanding and engaging with communities. However, advancements in technology and online platforms have opened up new avenues for harnessing the collective intelligence of entire cities and communities in the urban planning and design process. The presence of strong democratic institutions, respect for human rights, and participatory accountable governance are essential for enhancing people's lives in a sustainable manner. In an increasingly urbanized world, these factors contribute to unlocking the potential of cities, particularly through improved urban service delivery. Well-managed cities with enhanced services promote peace, security, and greater investment in human capital, thereby driving economic growth. Municipal governments that possess adequate resources and are accountable are more likely to provide timely and efficient services. Collaborative efforts among different levels of government and civil society contribute to optimizing service delivery. Transparent, accountable, and democratic institutions play a vital role in facilitating community participation in demanding and designing improved service delivery. Various models have been developed to expand citizen engagement in urban management. Cities should strive for systemic changes in decision-making processes related to urban planning, incorporating deliberative and democratic procedures. This paper introduced a novel model for citizen participation in urban management. Materials & Methods: This study adopted a qualitative, interpretive, applied, and cross-sectional research design. The statistical population consisted of municipality managers, NGO managers, and urban scholars in Isfahan City. A total of 15 experts were selected from this population using the snowball sampling technique and were subsequently interviewed. The collected data were analyzed inductively using a content analysis approach. To ensure the reliability of the analysis, 5 interviews were randomly selected and subjected to thematic analysis once again. This process aimed to validate the findings. To further enhance the robustness of the results, a fuzzy Delphi method was employed, involving 10 municipality managers and 5 academicians. The participants were requested to evaluate the relevance and significance of the identified themes, aiming to achieve a fuzzy consensus. Their suggestions and feedback were incorporated into the final model, thereby strengthening the overall quality of the findings. Discussion of Results & Conclusion: The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed 55 basic themes, 15 organizing themes, and 5 global themes. The content validity ratio, which exceeded the threshold of 60%, confirmed the validity of the results. Furthermore, the results of the fuzzy Delphi method, after defuzzification, indicated unanimous agreement among the experts, thus affirming the reliability of the findings. Based on the research outcomes, a spiral-fractal model for citizen participation in urban governance was proposed. The model comprised 5 key elements: citizens, cituards, citgentsia, citally, and cityors. Cituards were citizens, who demonstrated slightly higher levels of engagement than the average citizen. They actively monitored the city, provided reflections, and followed up on their suggestions. Citgentsia were individuals, who contributed novel ideas and offered original recommendations to benefit the city. When the ideas of the Citgentsia were put into practice, they were referred to as citally within this model. The final level of the spiral-fractal model was occupied by cityors, who were involved, either officially or unofficially, in the theoretical and practical dimensions of all aspects of urban management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presenting sporadic simple groups as an automorphism groups of designs and graphs is an exciting field in finite group theory. In this paper, with two different methods, we present some new resolvable simple 3-designs with Higman-Sims sporadic simple group HS as the full automorphism group. Also, we classify all block-transitive self-orthogonal designs on 176 points with even block size that admit sporadic simple group HS as an automorphism group. Furthermore, with these methods we construct some new resolvable 3-designs on 36, 40, 120 and 176 points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V,E) be a simple graph and f: V → {0, 1, 2, 3} be a function. A vertex u with f (u) = 0 is called an undefended vertex with respect to f if it is not adjacent to a vertex v with f(v) ≥ 2. We call the function f a generous Roman dominating function (GRDF) if for every vertex with f (u) = 0 there exists at least a vertex v with f(v) ≥ 2 adjacent to u such that the function f′: V → {0, 1, 2, 3}, defined by f′(u) = α, f′(v) = f(v) - α where α = 1 or 2, and f′(w) = f(w) if w ∈ V - {u, v} has no undefended vertex. The weight of a generous Roman dominating function f is the value f(V) = P u∈V f(u). The minimum weight of a generous Roman dominating function on a graph G is called the generous Roman domination number of G, denoted by γgR (G). In this paper, we initiate the study of generous Roman domination and show its relationships. Also, we give the exact values for paths and cycles. Moreover, we present an upper bound on the generous Roman domination number, and we characterize cubic graphs G of order n with γgR (G) = n-1, and a Nordhaus-Gaddum type inequality for the parameter is also given. Finally, we study the complexity of this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple graph, and ⃗G be an oriented graph of G with an orientation and skew-adjacency matrix S(⃗ G). Let λ1(⃗ G), λ2(⃗ G), . . ., λn(⃗ G) be the eigenvalues of S(⃗ G). The number Pn i=1 λki (⃗ G) (k = 0, 1, . . ., n - 1), denoted by Tk(⃗ G), is called the k-th skew spectral moment of ⃗ G, and T(⃗ G) = (T0(⃗ G), T1(⃗ G), . . ., Tn-1(⃗ G)) is the sequence of skew spectral moments of ⃗ G. Suppose ⃗G 1 and ⃗G 2 are two digraphs. We shall write ⃗G 1 ≺T ⃗G 2 (⃗G 1 comes before ⃗G 2 in a T-order) if for some k (1 ≤ k ≤ n-1), Ti(⃗G 1) = Ti(⃗G 2) (i = 0, 1, . . ., k-1) and Tk(⃗ G1) < Tk(⃗G 2) hold. For two given positive integers p and q with p ≤ q, we denote T p,q n = {T: T is a tree of order n with a (p, q)-bipartition }. In this paper, we discuss T-order among all trees in T p,q n . Furthermore, the last three trees, in the T-order, underlying graphs among T p,q n (4 ≤ p ≤ q) are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let c(G) denotes the number of cyclic subgroups of a finite group G. A group G is said to be n-cyclic, if c(G) = n. In this paper, we classify all 11-cyclic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A finite non-Dedekind group G is called an N AC-group if all non-normal abelian subgroups are cyclic. In this paper, all finite N AC-groups will be characterized. Also, it will be shown that the center of non-nilpotent N AC-groups is cyclic. If N AC-group G has a non-abelian non-normal Sylow subgroup of odd order, then other Sylow subgroups of G are cyclic or of quaternion type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple graph is called semisymmetric if it is regular and edge-transitive but not vertex-transitive. Let p be an arbitrary prime. Folkman [J. Folkman, Regular line-symmetric graphs, J. Combinatorial Theory, 3 (1967) 215-232.] proved that there are no cubic semisymmetric graphs of order 2p or 2p². In this paper, an extension of his result in the case of cubic graphs of order 44p or 44p² is given. By using group theoretic methods, we prove that there are no connected cubic semisymmetric graphs of order 44p or 44p². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poset-blowdown of subgroup posets of groups is an analog of blowdown in algebraic geometry. It is a poset map obtained by contracting normal subgroups. For finite groups, this is considered as a map between the Hasse diagrams of the subgroup posets. Poset-blowdowns are classified into three types: tame, wild, and hybrid depending on the sizes of their fibers. In this paper we describe the poset-blowdowns for generalized quaternion groups Q2n (n ≥ 3). They have distinguished nature in that all types (tame, wild, and hybrid) appear in the successive poset-blowdowns associated with the three chief series of Q2n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metadiscourse plays a prominent role in academic discourse, functioning as a key rhetorical feature that impacts a writer’s ability to effectively persuade readers of the trustworthiness and appropriateness of their arguments. Retrospective and prospective categories, together with other metadiscourse resources, serve to organise ideas, construct discourse, and promote textuality. Despite the limited research on the use of retrospective and prospective metadiscourse in academic papers, this study sought to enhance our empirical knowledge of their employment by investigating the functions of these categories in the academic writing of English as a First Language (EFL) and English as an Additional Language (EAL) students. Utilising a corpus of diverse genres, the study employed a corpus-driven qualitative content analysis methodology, as well as quantitative measures to reveal how EFL and EAL students employ prospective and retrospective devices in academic writing. The results indicated that both EFL and EAL students used a diverse array of linguistic features to express their ideas in academic prose, with the prospective categories being the most commonly used. The implications of these findings could be relevant for writing instructors and curriculum developers seeking to design effective pedagogical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding the growing number of research on many aspects of audiovisual translation, cross-cultural pragmatics has remained under-investigated in audiovisual translation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the translation of general extenders—such as and stuff (like that) and or something in Persian dubbing and non)professional subtitling. Positioned at the crossroads of the pragmatics of fiction and audiovisual translation, the analysis presented in this article draws upon past research on English and Persian general extenders, as well as the models for translating general extenders. In doing so, this study follows a corpus-based approach, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify translation patterns of general extenders by dubbing translators and fansubbers in Iran. A corpus of twelve English films from different genres, along with their Persian dubbing and non-professional subtitling, was compiled for the investigation. Overall findings suggest that non-professional subtitlers followed a literal and sourced-oriented approach to translation, resulting in a more direct translation of general extenders. In contrast, the dubbing team (i.e., translator and dubbing director) tended to edit out these pragmatic issues in their translations; therefore, many general extenders were deleted in the translation. This was partly because the translation for dubbing has to be synchronized, resulting in some omissions and partly because the dubbing team paid less attention to these elements. Additionally, other strategies, such as substitution or explicitation were infrequently used in both dubbing and non-professional subtitling. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and offering opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study area lies in the south of Mamoniyeh, a part of the Zaviyeh 1:100000 geological map, which covers the middle part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The volcanic phases and the intrusive masses constitute the predominant rocks of the area which has been subjected to magmatic and tectonic activities. Thus, owing to the lack of detailed studies on the volcanic rocks of this area, we try to link the tectonic setting and the magmatic evolution of the rocks under study. In addition, magma evolution processes, such as fractional crystallization, crustal contamination, and magma mixing may play an important role in the genesis of these rocks. The present paper presents new petrological and geochemical data on these volcanic rocks, which were formed during the Eocene. The Urumieh Dokhtar Magmatic arc is characterized by a series of volcanic and plutonic rocks that formed during the Late Cretaceous to Early Miocene, approximately 95 to 20 million years ago, and extends for about 2,000 kilometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous use of an efficient routing protocol and mobile sink not only prevents rapid sensor energy depletion but also effectively improves the energy balance in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a new data aggregation method is proposed called "Ant colony-based Routing and Petal-shaped Data Aggregation (ARPDA)", which includes clustering, Cluster Head (CH) selection, intra-cluster routing, determining polling points, and designing the sink node trajectory. In the proposed method, the network is divided by several virtual concentric circles that are equidistant from each other. The intersection point of these circles with the virtual lines passing through the origin of the network determines the probable polling points for the sink node. First, by efficiently clustering the sensor nodes and forming an intra-cluster routing tree based on the ant colony optimization algorithm, the sensor data is aggregated in CHs; then, by selecting the appropriate polling points and designing a petal-shaped path, the sink node periodically collects the aggregated data in CHs based on two linear and circular movements. Considering the sink movement in the CH selection process is another advantage of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results confirm the better performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the EDT algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jalaloddin Davani who has written many books, treatises, and letters, is one of the great scholars of the Shiraz school of thought during the Timurid period. Considering his influential attitude in the dynamics and excellence of Persian mystical literature, it is important to know about his Persian works which often include mysticism, philosophy, and theology. Obviously, before judging his opinions and beliefs, one should investigate the authenticity of his works. Therefore, the present research aims at the critical codicology of Persian works attributed to Davani to determine their authenticity. Reviewing the catalogue of manuscripts in the libraries shows that, in most catalogues, there are many mistakes in the title of Davani's Persian works. These bibliographic mistakes have been repeated in the works of many subsequent authors. To write the paper First, based on the Union Catalogue of Iran Manuscripts (Fankha), the titles of all Persian works attributed to Davani were identified. Then, using his Persian manuscripts and other sources, the authenticity of his Persian works in the catalogue of manuscripts was examined. In this study, through the comparative investigation of Davani's Persian manuscripts in Iran, some of our codicological and bibliographic information about Davani's Persian works have been corrected, especially the title and number of his authentic and non-authentic works. The result of the current critical codicology showed that Davani has written at least twenty original Persian works. In addition, according to the entries of Davani's Persian works in Fankha, at least nine nonoriginal Persian works have been attributed to him. Thus, at least nine entries of Davani's Persian works in Iran seem incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we put forward the idea of variable sum exdeg energy of graphs. We study the algebraic properties of variable sum exdeg energy. Some properties related to spectral radius of variable sum exdeg matrix are determined. We determine some Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results for variable sum exdeg spectral radius and energy. Some classes of variable sum exdeg equienergetic graphs are also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give a method for the constructions of Hadamard matrices of composite orders by using suitable T-matrices and known Hadamard matrices. We establish a formula for Tmatrices and Hadamard matrices and discuss under what condition we can get T-matrices from the known Hadamard matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated to find the answers to some of the questions that have occurred in recent papers dealing with Hamiltonian cycles (abbreviated HCs) in some special classes of grid graphs we started the investigation of spanning unions of cycles, the so-called 2-factors, in these graphs (as a generalizations of HCs). For all the three types of graphs from the title and for any integer m = 2 we propose an algorithm for obtaining a specially designed (transfer) digraph D* m. The problem of enumeration of 2-factors is reduced to the problem of enumerating oriented walks in this digraph. Computational results we gathered for m = 17 reveal some interesting properties both for the digraphs D* m and for the sequences of numbers of 2-factors. We prove some of them for arbitrary m = 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, Gutman invented a novel degree-based topological index called the Sombor index, inspired by a geometric interpretation of degree-radii of the edges and invited researchers to investigate their mathematical properties and chemical meanings. The Sombor index was reformulated in terms of the edge degree instead of the vertex degree as the original Sombor Index. In this paper, we compute the exact values of a certain class of graphs. Also, some bounds in terms of the order, size, minimum/maximum degrees and other topological indices are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-standing conjecture asserts that every finite nonabelian p-group has a non-inner automorphism of order p. This paper proves the conjecture for finite p-groups of coclass 4 and 5 (p ≥ 5). We also prove the conjecture for an odd order nonabelian p-group G with cyclic center satisfying CG(Gpγ3(G)) ∩ Z3(G) ≤ Z(Φ(G)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Today, active participation and empowerment of rural communities are essential for achieving environmental sustainability. Empowering local people will lead to their active involvement in environmental protection. Research Method: This research aimed to elucidate the concept of environmental empowerment strategy in rural communities, identify effective indicators, and present strategies in South Mirbeg District. It is a part of basic research with an exploratory approach due to its purpose and descriptiveanalytical methodology. After identifying and defining the effective components of environmental empowerment through literature review and expert opinions, a specialized questionnaire was designed to collect information from 365 households and 5 villages. Research Innovation: The innovative aspect of this research lay in the thematic combination of empowerment and environmental strategies. Research Findings: The components of new environmental technologies (A4) with a weighting factor of 0.094, financial incentives (A8) with a weighting factor of 0.094, and environmental investments (A11) with a weighting factor of 0.086 had the greatest effects on the process of environmental empowerment in the territory. Among the selected indicators, the effect coefficient of managers and decision-makers (A14) with a weighted value of 0.014 and the index of extrapolated plans and programs (A15) with a weighted value of 0.019 had the lowest effects on the process of environmental empowerment of residents in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new method for improving the efficiency of indoor localization algorithms, in terms of running time and error rate, using the KD-tree data structure. One of the main challenges of indoor localization algorithms in large environments is the high processing overhead of these algorithms due to the high volume of input data and lack of processing resources in users’ mobile devices. In the proposed method in this paper, we first cluster the fingerprint database. Then, with the help of a newly proposed method, a modified KD-tree is implemented according to the conditions of the clusters. This tree is a decision-making structure to select one specific cluster where the user stands there. Finally, when a user entered, using a few simple comparisons in the KD-tree, the desired cluster is found and only information about that cluster is passed to the localization algorithm, to compare and predict the user’s location. The results of the implementation of this method on the fingerprint data set of the Faculty of Engineering at Arak University show that the proposed method reduces the running times and errors to less than half the values, compared to the time of not using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to improve the distribution network resilience is to use mobile generators (MEGs) in the network. Such generators with the ability to move in the network and supply power to different parts increase the possibility of supplying important loads. However, due to the limited fuel of these generators, their movement will be limited, which will reduce their efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, considering this type of generators and also their limited fuel, an algorithm for their optimal displacement during the disaster is presented. Also, by considering fueling vehicles and planning to move them to inject fuel into these generators, an attempt has been made to reduce the effect of fuel restrictions on these generators. Finally, by simulating the proposed algorithm on the IEEE 33-bus network, taking into account the daily variable loads, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on improving the resilience of the distribution network is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Online Social Network (OSN) has been rapidly evolving and attracted many users. In OSN, users share sensitive information; therefore, effective access control models are needed to protect information from unauthorized users. Currently, Relational Based Access Control (ReBAC) is used to protect user's private information. The authorization policy in ReBAC is based on the relationship type and depth among users; however, it is not sufficient to protect private information such as location, time, and age. In this paper, attributes are added to the social graph to establish an efficient access control in OSN, then a policy model is proposed for the new Attribute Relation Based Access Control model (A-ReBAC), and unambiguous Hybrid Logic (HL) policy language is used to formulate the access control policy model. To evaluate the proposed policy model two path-checking algorithms (depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS)) are applied to real datasets, and the time spent on access requests is calculated in the social graph of these datasets. The results showed DFS takes less time than BFS to do the task defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to efficiently find the number and optimal placement of BTSs in the coverage area such that the implementation cost is minimized, while the user's traffic in the corresponding area and the channel interference constraints are satisfied. Design/methodology/approach: An integer linear mathematical model has been proposed to assign all customer points to transceiver-based stations. The objective function has been assumed to minimize fixed costs while considering a penalty for reducing interference. An optimization solver has been applied to solve the model. Findings: The proposed mathematical model was compared to another existing model in the literature from three points of view: coverage cost, construction costs, and running time. The results indicated that the proposed model has the appropriate efficiency to find solutions to real practical problems. In more detail, the proposed model succeeded to find solutions with less coverage or construction cost in a shorter time, compared with the model in literature, which has been referred to as the SSH model in the paper. However, there have been some samples in which the SSH model overtakes the proposed model in one or two mentioned aspects for comparison. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study is that the channel model was considered based on the simple free space path loss model, while the real channel model based on the environmental effects can be suggested for future work. Another important issue is that for BTS localization design, knowing the status of the real environment leads to the proper design in such networks. Social/practical implications: BTS localization is the most important issue in mobile networks' design. In a practical situation, there is not any software available to design a mobile network in the corresponding coverage area. Therefore, this paper can help communication engineers to implement the proposed approach in a real environment. Originality/value: In this paper, the problem of the optimal location of transceiver-based stations (BTS) in different models in the coverage area has been addressed such that the implementation cost is minimized, while the user's traffic in the corresponding area and the channel interference constraints are satisfied. This has not been considered in the literature. Any of the existing models focus on one aspect to optimize, such as maximizing the coverage, minimizing the interference, and minimizing coverage or construction costs. The novelties of the proposed model are twofold: i) two goals were considered in the objective function, i.e., minimizing construction costs and minimizing interference. Since interference with full coverage is unavoidable, the model added a penalty to the objective function to reduce the interference as much as possible; and ii) it was assumed that there is more than one single type BTS, any of which has different power, radius, and capacity. This makes the model more real and indeed more complicated to solve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to propose a flow shop scheduling problem for equipment overhaul. This problem consists of three stages, the separation of the components of an equipment is done in the first stage. Repairs and overhaul operations are carried out on the separated parts of the first stage in the second stage. Finally, the overhauled parts of the previous stage are mounted on each other in the third stage. In the third stage, operations are performed in parallel workshops. The objective function of the problem is the maximum time to complete jobs, and the sequence of processing jobs should be done in such a way that the value of the objective function is minimized. Design/methodology/approach: To solve the problem, a mixed integer programming model has been proposed for small size, which determines the processing sequence of jobs based on the position of each job. A genetic algorithm has been used to solve the problem in large dimensions. By increasing the size of the problem and in different sizes, the results have been examined and analyzed, which shows the efficiency of the model and the proposed algorithm. Findings: To check the accuracy of the model's performance and also the effect of the presence of parallel machines in the third stage, an example was presented in this paper. Accordingly, while the accuracy of the model's performance was checked, the effect of the presence of more machines was determined in the third stage. As the number of machines increased in the third stage, the value of the objective function did not deteriorate. The performance of GAMS in solving the problem in a small size was investigated. Considering that solving the problem for large dimensions is not possible in a reasonable time and the problem is NP-hard, then solving the problem in large dimensions was done using a genetic algorithm. Therefore, solving the problem on a large dimension has been done using the genetic algorithm. According to the obtained results, the efficiency of the genetic algorithm was shown. Due to its low average value, it indicated the convergence of the genetic algorithm. Research limitations/implications: Considering that there are not many published papers in the field of equipment overhaul, it is difficult to access related models and papers. Therefore, in this paper, the model and solution method have been written with many reviews. Also, to check and reduce costs, the number of third-stage machines has been determined using sensitivity analysis. Practical implications: The problem of equipment overhaul is used in many fields in reality. For example, the operations related to the maintenance, repair and overhaul of the aircraft engine have been investigated. Since the planning of maintenance and maintenance operations is difficult, the focus of research has been on improving maintenance operations by finding suitable scheduling for job shop operations in maintenance operations. They emphasized that scheduling can improve maintenance operations and presented a simulation model. Social implications: The purpose of creating a space to start an activity is to reduce costs, earn money and achieve profit. To examine the cost-effectiveness of the equipment overhaul issue, we can refer to the number of third-stage machines. According to the amount of equipment to perform an overhaul on them, the number of third-stage machines can be determined. Therefore, extra machines can be removed to reduce the cost. On the other hand, if the related equipment to the customers is different, to reduce the storage costs or increase customer satisfaction, different goals should be considered. Here, the objective function of maximum completion time is considered for this purpose. If the equipment must be available at a certain time, goals such as the total time to complete the job can be considered. In line with the application of the social implications in the investigated problem in this paper and considering that the investment costs, as well as the ability to respond to the applicants' requests, are related to the number of third-stage machines, the value of the objective function is analyzed based on the number of third-stage machines and analysis has been done. Originality/value: In this paper, a three-stage flow shop scheduling problem in the overhaul industry was studied. Accordingly, a new mathematical model based on the job processing position was proposed, which dealt with the exact solution of the problem in small dimensions. According to the type of problem in the overhaul environment, the combined flow shop problem for equipment overhaul was investigated. Also, the use of parallel machines in the third stage of the equipment overhaul problem is one of the new issues under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new method of data-driven controller (DDC) design using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm (SPSA) and Neural Network (NN) training is presented. This method can be used to control a variety of linear and nonlinear systems. In the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm, the controller is assumed to have a fixed structure and its parameters must be estimated. In this paper, a Proportional, Integral, and Derivative controller (PID) is considered and the parameters that should be estimated by the proposed algorithm are proportional, integral and derivative terms of this controller. In the proposed method, the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm is quantified by using neural network training which increases the convergence speed and also improves the performance of the algorithm against system input changes. Simulations performed on cement grinding particle size distribution process and pitch angle control of aircraft show the high efficiency and potential of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the islanded microgrids, distributed energy sources are responsible for powersharing, and accurate power-sharing is essential among these microgrids. Due to the mismatch of the physical impedance of power lines, poor reactive power-sharing is observed. Therefore, in this paper, the use of virtual impedance in the form of two methods of virtual positive impedance and virtual negative impedance is proposed to improve the accuracy of reactive power-sharing in a conventional droop controlled islanded microgrid. In this paper, in addition to presenting a controller to properly adjust the virtual impedance, the concept of vir'tual negative impedance is used to correct the effective impedance of the power supply line and improve the common bus voltage, and increase tire output power of energy sources. To evaluate the proposed control methods, a test islanded microgrid is simulated inPSCAD/EMTDC software. The results show that both pr'oposed methods have a good effect on the proper reactive power-sharing irr the microgrid. In addition, the results show that the virtual negative iirrpedance method can improve the common bus voltage and increase the output power of the source by reducing the effective line impedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]