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Predicting the outcomes of earthquakes before they occur is one of the fundamental components of modern disaster management. Loss estimation analyses have an important place at the assessment stage of earthquakes and in estimation of losses that earthquakes may lead to. With these analyses, it is possible to access information that is relevant to potential damages and losses. In this paper, loss estimation analyses were carried out by using the earthquake scenario which foresaw a previous earthquake that was experienced in an around Kırşehir which is seismically active and located in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. The 1938 Akpınar earthquake which occurred in and around the province of Kırşehir was taken into consideration as an earthquak escenario, and loss estimation analyses were conducted for this earthquake scenario. In this paper, significant contributions will be made for preparation of an earthquake master plan and risk management plan for Kırşehir. Besides, studies on reduction of earthquake losses in the region may utilise these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks consisting of multiple GNSS systems have been set up and operating in many developed countries. In Turkey, CORS-TR has been operating. The aim of CORS-TR is fast, correct, and reliable collection of all kinds of geographic data, thus, speeding up the activities of cadastre, assuring organized urbanization, constituting the spatial infrastructure for relevant works of e-government, and monitoring plate tectonics. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated 788 days of linear and periodic of AKHR, BEYS, CIHA, KAMN, YUNA, AKSI and KNYA CORS-TR stations by linear trend analysis and Wavelet Transform in located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. As a result of trend analyses of time series it was determined that with the exception of a single station (KAMN), other stations were moving in the Southwest direction (17.78 mm/year). This finding is in consistency with the region's tectonic plate movements. In the periodical analyses, stations' daily, monthly, seasonal, annual and even biennial movements resulting from atmospheric and hydrologic loading, climatic and other effects was revealed. Moreover, Detail (D) component, which protect the largest percentage of energy, was determined by calculating the energy spectrum. Energies of detail components are generally similar in horizontal and especially D7-D8 have the highest energy. However, the components obtained the maximum energy was varied in Up coordinate time series. These results indicate that stations of CORS-TR network located in Central Anatolia were rather stable and able to be providing reliable, accurate and continuous data for national and international studies to be conducted in many fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been linked to climate and hydrologic anomalies throughout the world. This paper presents how ENSO modulates the basic statistical characteristics of streamflow time series that is assumed to be affected by ENSO. For this we first considered hypothetical series that can be obtained from the original series at each station by assuming non-occurrence of El Niño events in the past. Instead those data belonging to El Niño years were simulated by the Radial Based Artificial Neural Network (RBANN) method. Then we compared these data to the original series to see a significant difference with respect to their basic statistical characteristics (i.e., variance, mean and autocorrelation parameters). Various statistical hypothesis testing methods were used for four different scenarios. Consequently if there exist a significant difference, then it can be inferred that the ENSO events modulate the major statistical characteristics of streamflow series concerned. The results of this research were in good agreement with those of the previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster analysis of gauged streamflow records into homogeneous and robust regions is an important tool for the characterization of hydrologic systems. In this paper we applied the hierarchical cluster analysis to the task of objectively classifying streamflow data into regions encompassing similar streamflow patterns over Turkey. The performance of three standardization techniques was also tested, and standardizing by range was found better than standardizing with zero mean and unit variance. Clustering was carried out using Ward's minimum variance method which became prominent in managing water resources with squared Euclidean dissimilarity measures on 80 streamflow stations. The stations have natural flow regimes where no intensive river regulation had occurred. A general conclusion drawn is that the zones having similar streamflow pattern were not be overlapped well with the conventional climate zones of Turkey; however, they are coherent with the climate zones of Turkey recently redefined by the cluster analysis to total precipitation data as well as homogenous streamflow zones of Turkey determined by the rotated principal component analysis. The regional streamflow information in this study can significantly improve the accuracy of flow predictions in ungauged watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]