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This paper evaluates how technical assistive devices for manual materials handling were analysed in the literature in a warehousing context. Works that discuss the economic and/or human factors impact of assistive devices on the warehousing system or the people employed therein were identified in a systematic literature review. Building on a conceptual framework proposed in this paper, our evaluation of the literature shows which types of assistive devices were analysed in the past, and from which perspective these devices were examined. Some works studied the devices exclusively from an operator well-being or an efficiency perspective, while several works analysed the devices' performance in terms of both dimensions. Several works contained in our literature sample highlighted trade-offs between both ergonomic and economic measures and, within the first category, between alternative ergonomic indicators, which shows that assistive devices have to be evaluated carefully in light of their intended application. The paper further identifies research gaps and emphasises the need to understand the interactions between human- and system-related variables that can be supported by assistive devices in designing effective manual materials handling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the entanglements of art and terrorist violence in Paul Theroux'sThe Family Arsenaland Doris Lessing'sThe Good Terrorist, each of which responds to anxieties about the political power of the novelist in contradistinction with the terrorist-anxieties that Joseph Conrad raises but never fully settles inThe Secret Agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the play 'King Lear,' by William Shakespeare and the book 'The Pickwick Papers,' by Charles Dickens. Description of the second act of 'King Lear'; Use of the term cockney within the context of the play; Comic theme of the play and the novel.

The Hawkins-Simon conditions, which are necessary and sufficient for the viability of input–output systems, are described in many encyclopedias, textbooks and papers, but always without historical details about the philosopher David Hawkins. The rich literature on the history of input–output economics has neglected Hawkins, probably because he spent only a few years among the economists. My paper fills this gap. By using the relevant archival material on Hawkins, Simon, and Leontief, I correct and expand some scarce remarks on Hawkins by Simon and Samuelson. I discuss Hawkins's three remarkable contributions to economics. First, Hawkins's dynamic input–output model in Econometrica in 1948 scooped Leontief. Second, I show how the correspondence between Hawkins and Simon created their famous joint note in Econometrica in 1949. Third, an overlooked chapter in Hawkins's 1964 book The Language of Nature discussed the commodity values of commodities, generalizing Marx's labour values and the Technocrats's energy values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the emergent findings and theoretical foundations of Reading Climate: Indigenous literatures, English and Sustainable Futures, cross disciplinary research in Indigenous Studies, Education, and Literary Studies. Our team investigates epistemologies for the teaching of secondary subject English and tertiary courses and how they might be productively reworked. We draw on ‘Indigenous relationality’ as proposed by Mary Graham, Elder Scholar of the Kombumerri clan of the Yugambeh Nation as a core principle in shifting English pedagogy from text-focused close reading. We investigate how a move from exclusively close-reading approaches is important because of the ways in which such a scholarly practice is premised on both potentially canonical and thus Eurocentric intertexts, and the abstraction of the text from cultural and authorial sovereignty. Further, close reading limits the use of textual artefacts, and the knowledge contained within them, to literary concerns of structure, features, devices, effects, and audiences. Here we show how reader relationality involves the reader's reflective stance, the writing's contexts, the guidance of the writer, and the function of the reading process. This paper contributes to and extends approaches to English arguing that inclusion of Indigenous writing in curriculum includes but must go beyond text selection and adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an autobiographical studies framework, this paper outlines the persistence of a Malayan nation-of-intent through contemporary life-writings which revisit the 1950s–60s. The imagined nation constituting the Federation of Malaya and Singapore is central to two texts by ethnic Chinese writers with contrasting ideological leanings—Home is Where We Are by Wang Gungwu and Margaret Wang, and The Mighty Wave by He Jin. As putative citizens of this nation-of-intent, they textually perform nation-building by narrating their involvement in formal institutions and grassroots capacity-building. In outlining key elements of nationhood such as language, political participation, and historical consciousness in both texts, distinct conceptions of Malayan political subjectivities emerge through the performative and relational aspects of both texts. Overall, this paper draws attention to political implications while demonstrating the relevance of the “Malaya as method” approach in literary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on my teaching experience of nearly 20 years in the Department of Chinese Literature in mainland China, this paper discusses the functions of literary criticism, and how they differ between university education and secondary education. This paper has two main purposes: (1) by examining how Chinese literary criticism evolved since the 1980s, this article shows the important role it played in shaping the ways people think. (2) Through the observation of the new generation of young readers, this paper points out the inflexibility of the existing academic criticism. From my teaching experience, I have observed that the flourishing Chinese network literature represents, since the beginning of the new century, a whole new literary field and traditional literary criticism is facing new challenges. However, with the top-down reform of literature education, literary criticism is more related to the exam system than to the literary creation itself. This means that literary criticism still assumes a very important educational function, but is no longer adapted to the new commercial literary production. This new trend has forced academic criticism to make corresponding adjustments. This paper sees the possibility of establishing a new critical unified field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very existence of truth, let alone its worth, is currently under attack from many quarters. In the wider culture, disinformation and other forms of misrepresenting the truth spread far and wide, as information conduits proliferate. This paper suggests some reasons for the "anti-truth" trend. Mainstream media have played a role, as have theoreticians from fields as diverse as philosophy, psychoanalysis, science, and literary criticism. "Anti-truth" trends are having a serious impact on psychological treatment, affecting its content and the conception of its goals. This paper suggests some problematic outcomes of this phenomenon for practitioners and patients in various forms of psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore Michel Serres' approach to issues of text, writing and language. In a first step, his own textual parasitism—his use of other texts without adhering to the academic conventions of citational practices—shall be assessed on grounds of the notion of intertextuality, comparing his position to Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva. It shall be shown that Serres—understanding writing as an act of invention—seems to return to a traditional author position by conceiving of himself in terms of a creative writing subject. A second step of the paper will explore Serres' search for a language of the natural, material world by discussing his critique of the anthropocentrism of language. Serres' own project of reconnecting language with the material world shall be discussed within the context of his own intertextual dependency on other authors and his interest in information theory as connecting different signifying systems. The paper will end with observations on Serres' experimental style of writing, which attempts to bring the body and nature into language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many brands have been obliterated by the 'death of the high street' and many more have had near-death experiences. This paper applies Derrida's 'hauntology' to Hollister, a high-flying fashion brand that fell from grace. Although it remains in the land of the living, selling impossible dreams of So-Cal's beachside lifestyle, Hollister is a ghost of its former self. An interpretive empirical investigation reveals that the brand's hauntology comprises four phantomic components: mortality, anxiety, liminality and retroactivity. A spectral 'model' of bump-in-the-night brands also makes its presence felt. At a time when the spectre of pandemic is stalking retail branding, this paper considers Derrida's incongruous, possibly prescient, claim that 'the future belongs to ghosts'. With the aid of interpretive empirical research, we investigate this haunting hypothesis. And although the findings don't confirm Derrida's contention that the dead can often be more powerful than the living, they show how the spectral side of branding gives ghosts a chance to shine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christian missionaries spread across the African continent in the early twentieth century following the expansion of colonial control, and invested in various areas of African societies in order to gain converts. This paper describes the recent literature in economic history that attempts to document and estimate the long-run impacts of Christian missions, including outstanding issues in the literature. The paper summarizes recent studies that attempt to tackle these issues. One conclusion is that more micro data is needed on the evolution of African societies as a result of missionary activities in order to fully document the mechanisms behind the long-run impact of missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published in 1902, Fakir Mohan Senapati's famous novel Six Acres and a Third sets up a parallel between the import of English commodities and English literary taste into Odisha in late nineteenth century. The paper takes this parallel as its point of departure to explore colonial Odia discourses on political economy and literary criticism, and goes on to study how they construct Odisha as a peripheral space. The paper finds that the public discussions on economy and literature shared a common ideological code. This code preferred to engage with history, whether economic or literary, by turning it into a moral question. This ideological code deeply informed the peripheral middle-class imagination, which often spoke for a working alliance between educated middle orders native aristocracy and colonial state for the sake of economic and literary progress in the region. The paper concludes by showing how this code was at work in Fakir Mohan, in his responses to colonialism, and in his engagement with a fundamental problem of the peripheral space, that of redundant capital. 'Provincial Victorians' refer to Fakir Mohan and several other public intellectuals of his generation who came to see themselves as inhabiting the economic and literary peripheries of the Victorian world system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the marginal notes of author E.K. Chambers on W.W. Greg's 'Henslowe's Diary' and 'Papers of Dr. W.W. Greg.' Previous notes of Chambers on Henslowe's lease of the Little Rose estate; Meaning of 'tt' in Greg's textual notes and Chambers' definition of 'tt'; Reluctance shown by Chambers to accept Greg's inference of the meaning of 'ne' in Henslowe's account; Meaning of figures in the last three columns of the accounts.

This paper examines how the pre-1980 works of Saudi female novelists were received by male critics in Saudi Arabia in their critical studies. It seeks to explain why many Saudi and Arab male literary critics either ignored or decried these pioneering novels, by highlighting the essential criteria they adopted in their evaluation and criticism of such texts. The paper determines that these novels were poorly received—and unjustly so—in comparison with those written by men in the same period, male critics having subconsciously dismissed or disregarded them on the grounds that they were of limited literary quality, did not belong to what was accepted as the Saudi social and cultural environment, or did not represent the reality of Saudi women's lives. Had these core evaluative criteria been adopted in criticism of the early novels of Saudi men, many of these would also have been excluded as having no artistic value or as failing to represent Saudi social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians have long demarcated between the public, political, and economic writings of revolutionary socialist Rosa Luxemburg and her personal affinity for plants and animals. This article, however, discovers and articulates a Luxemburgian ecosocialism across her work. This paper argues that Luxemburg interpreted nature as possessing its own order that resists the imposition of capitalist and imperialist (dis)orders. Luxemburgian ecosocialism, therefore, lies between the appreciation of beauty one finds in the Marxism of William Morris and the active participation of nature in the historic revolt against imperialism one finds in the Book of Exodus. According to Luxemburgian ecosocialism, that which unites Luxemburg's letters and Herbarium to her Die Akkumulation des Kapitels is a confidence that empires overextend themselves in their exploitation of human beings and nature, and that the natural order accordingly fights back. Beyond Luxemburg, this paper emphasizes the importance of fiction and illusion for ecosocialist storytelling, and argues for an ecosocialist vision that takes as its starting point not the elitism of aesthetic preference but radical forms of solidarity with suffering creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores what a (re)organisation of the existing histories of Bangla literature from Dalit literary perspectives can offer. Towards this end, it examines some of the early questions on the formation of literary standards and how that remained directly connected with caste hierarchies. It turns briefly towards late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Calcutta as a discursive-material site to explore symptomatically how such organising of dominant literary standards works its way through various forms of exclusion. When seen from the perspective of these exclusions, what does the question of Dalit literature offer in transforming the very idea of 'literariness'? Also, what can the vernacular literatures offer in the reception of Dalit literatures in their multiplicity while resisting the tendencies of homogenising their volatility? Addressing such concerns, the paper turns towards a conceptualisation of Bangla Dalit literature as offering a poetics for multiple forms of dwelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the value of silence, located within liminal spaces in Sarnath Banerjee's Doab Dil (2019). Structured as an informal graphic essay, Doab Dil proffers ironic commentaries on nature, culture, cities, the countryside, history, fiction, work, sleep, insomnia, popular culture, and the quest for meaning in life. In the process, Doab Dil combines text and drawing to construct a postmodernist intertextual mural of juxtaposed quotations, descriptions, and metaphysical reflection on the values of contemporary culture. At the points of these juxtapositions, liminal spaces are created that are characterised by a dense silence. The centrality of the liminal in the creative imagination of Doab Dil is evident in the title that signposts the fertile tract of land found at the confluence of two rivers. Recollecting Homi Bhabha on the liminal as a horizon of possibilities, this paper explores the ways in which the poetic representation of liminality constructs political spaces of critique, which draw on the silence between confluent thoughts on diverse themes for critical reflection. Through literary criticism, the paper investigates the poetics and politics of possibilities in Doab Dil positioned within liminal spaces, and the role of silence as a representational strategy for a metaphysical commentary on reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the history of Turkey's efforts to establish a national automotive industry, which culminated in a state-driven project to build a Turkish automobile, the Devrim (Revolution), in 1961. The outcome of the project was three prototypes unveiled in Republic Day ceremonies, but quickly left in oblivion afterwards. This paper investigates the possible causes of the termination of the project, arguing that building a Turkish car had great symbolic significance for the identity of a nation in the quest for modernization and Westernization. The project was difficult to sustain considering the vexed political and ideological motivations invested in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a theory of text on-screen as "unvoiceover." It addresses both the case for captioning as social good and the affordances (aesthetic, affective) of writing in or over the moving image. Advancing an argument informed by perspectives from d/Deaf Studies, Critical Disability Studies and Digital Interface Studies, and applying modes of analysis from literary criticism alongside those proper to the study of moving image and sound, it examines the idiosyncrasies of text-in-motion as non-sonorous, fugitive counterpart to the traditional, troublesome "voiceover." To develop a poetics of the unsounding voice on-screen, the paper focalizes its argument through multimedia artist Liza Sylvestre's Captioned series: a body of moving image work that is itself, paradoxically, uncaptioned. Framing Sylvestre's lyrical "unvoiceover" as a reimagining of the lost roles of film explainers and literary intertitles, I argue that the artist's takeover of the caption track intervenes critically in contemporary debates about the ethics of audio-visual translation, situated description and access as public ethos rather than private concern. Posing the artist's personal-and-political writing as suggestive of a lower-case analogue to Deaf Gain, I show how Sylvestre's "unvoiceover" educates its "receivers" in the purpose and functioning of captions. By reading Sylvestre's writing on-screen more closely than its fugitive form seems to invite, I show how the unvoiceover encultures its own demands on its readers and elicits its own habits of reading. By scrutinizing how Sylvestre's series makes the case for captioning, this paper makes the case for a new appraisal of the aesthetic, affective and political affordances of the unvoiceover as writing on the run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predominant approaches in the rebel governance literature have looked at control over the means of violence as a prerogative of rebel-rulers, or armed/non-armed actors, somehow deterministically linked to territory. Here weapons have been understood as either autonomous technical-factors or as analytically invisible objects instrumental to human agencies and interactions aiming to territorial control. This paper challenges understandings of control over the means of violence as a central property radiating outwardly through hierarchically and geographically ordered spatial containers. It argues that the means of violence are relational networks among heterogeneous human-non-human entities – e.g. weapons, stockpiles, militarised architectures, forms, armed individuals/groups – that generate territory. These networks are controlled and stabilised via diffused techniques and rationalities of control. Drawing on the study of Ta'ang areas of Northern Shan State – among the few in Myanmar where well-established rebel movements have experienced official disarmament and later undertook a full-fledged re-armament – I find that controlling the means of violence occurs via turbulent combinations of technical objects, techniques and rationalities that relate to four main domains: narcotics eradication; institutionalisation; ethnonationality; and humanitarian security. Processes and practices through which attempts to control the means of violence are made entail alternative strategies to re-generate spatial organisational control and shape multiple shifting territories. Empirically exploring a highly under-researched case, the paper provides a view of the diffused character of controlling the means of violence and its mutually constitutive relations with territory, while illuminating also the role of weapons, other technical objects, and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her groundbreaking text, Male Daughters, Female Husbands, Ifi Amadiume offers an ethnographic account which depicts, among others, gender in the making in Nnobi society in Nigeria. This paper, drawing from Amadiume's work, looks at three related specific moments of understanding gender and sex categories in a South African context. Through empirical research based on a qualitative study; a literary text; as well as visual arts, the paper tracks the notion of nongayindoda, a Nguni term for (gender) fluidity to offer new insights that go beyond Western gender binaries. Nongayindoda has been used to refer to masculine women or men-like women. In some contexts, it has been assumed to relate only to women who have chosen not to have relations with men. Some have considered the term derogatory and thus shied away from using it. In this paper, the term is turned upside and interrogated to reveal broader meanings. In the end, I argue that nongayindoda offers an opportunity to move beyond gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that Heinz Kohut's theory of self-state dreams should be seen as a coherent general theory in a historical sequence from the dream theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Ronald Fairbairn, Erik Erikson, and others. Kohut stressed his notion of self-state dreams added a dimension to Freud's theory applicable for a class of troubled patients and was not meant to replace Freud's theories. A close look at his actual clinical work with dreams, however, suggests the more general applicability of his theory. Self-state dreams, we argue, are an integral part of the vocabulary of self that Kohut introduced into psychoanalysis and, parenthetically, have shaped current thinking and research. To test the idea of the general applicability of Kohut's theory of the self-state dream, the authors assembled a large database of all dreams mentioned in Kohut's writings, along with the dreams of patients whose analysts were in supervision with Kohut and few other dreams Kohut analyzes in literature and history. The database indicates the source of the dream, the patient and analyst where known, the dream as reported, the category into which it fits, and any additional thoughts where relevant. The paper is meant as an elaboration of an earlier paper in this journal, "On Dreams". The complete database has been made available as supplemental material for this article. It can be accessed online at [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper thinks with the concept of intertextuality to consider the multiple intersecting power structures inside and outside of literary education in secondary schools that continue to dominate text selection policies and teaching practices. We draw on our research with in-service teachers to reconsider how intertextual networks circulate on multiple levels: textual, social, cultural, and institutional. Although the concept of intertextuality has been activated as an alternative to rarified conceptualisations of literary heritage, as we unpack in this paper, intertextuality often distributes, reinforces, and perpetuates canonical power structures such as institutional whiteness, and Euro western values in secondary school subjects that feature literary studies. Rather than abandoning intertextuality, we attempt to tease out how it operates in various registers in schooling and we suggest how critically engaging with the concept might provide a way forward for English study in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connections between literature and journalism have remained grounds of severe contestation. The arguments border on importance and availability of connections between literature and journalism. Both sides recognise truth as their subject. However, whereas literature tells truth by reinventing its environment (defamiliarisation), journalism tells truth as it is. Literature and journalism tell about oppressions humans face, especially in postcolonial African society where both are instruments of resistance against oppression. Journalists are exceptional writers who base their writing on discovery, establishment, and projection of the true nature of things around them. However, their assignment is not one with minimum worries. This paper combines the concepts and ideas of journalism and literary studies. It is possible because while some journalists live literature, others write literature in real life. Through the novels of former journalists, Okey Ndibe's Arrows of Rain and Helon Habila's Oil on Water, this paper will locate the place of journalists in postcolonial literary works. It will look at both novels, evaluating the contributions of journalists (and journalism) in their postcolonial societies and, through them, see the challenges that journalists encounter in their duties as the mouthpieces of the ordinary and voiceless individuals, especially during state-orchestrated oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written about Yolŋu social organisation since Lloyd Warner's early ethnography (1937). Debates within this literature have predominantly focused on the relative independence of bäpurru groups, a significant social unit within Yolŋu society, and whether these can accurately be described as 'corporate descent groups'. To develop a fresh perspective on Yolŋu social organisation, this paper presents an exploration of five drawings by Dhambiŋ Burarrwaŋa and her waku (daughters, sister's daughters), a novel methodology which has allowed us to recast well-known anthropological tropes within a setting of relational growth and cross-cultural communication. Rather than outlining a structural model, themes of raki' (strings), luku (foot, footprint, anchor, root of a tree), gamunuŋgu (white clay), and lirrwi (ashes, shade) are explored in detail, as they reveal multiple layers of complexity and connection within otherwise abstract notions like 'clan'. The drawings and accompanying exegesis situate Yolngu identity within living social connections. What emerges is a relational portrait that embeds the 'clan debate' within those relationships that make understanding possible in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analytically examines literature to explicate the history and development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe. The paper reviews various government policies that were initiated to promote the development and growth of the SME sector. The examination of related literature revealed that the history of SMEs stretches to the Rhodesian era. Various variables such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic, economic meltdown and retrenchments have promoted the growth of the sector. The SME sector has significantly increased in the last decade due to various players coming in to support the growth and survival of small businesses. Though various government policies have failed to achieve the desired results due to a lack of pre-consultation before the implementation of these policies and the government lack serious commitment to support the sector. We recommend that there should be pre-consultation during policy development, SME database should be created and policies should not be just a blueprint without implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography of books received by the journal for review as of June 2012 is presented, including "Italian Jews From Emancipation to the Racial Laws," by Cristina M. Bettin, "The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy," by Walter Mattli and Tim Büthe, and "Bernard Shaw As Artist-Fabian," by Charles A. Carpenter.

To date, literary fiction’s interventions into debates about the crisis in literary studies, and contestations over critical methods, have received scant scholarly attention. Christine Smallwood’s The Life of the Mind treats the idea of crisis with irony, utilising overstatement in the novel’s narrative discourse to draw attention to crisis discourse’s inefficacy in delivering meaningful change. The novel represents literary critique, especially as extended to non-literary objects, as a compulsion; and, as failing to result in action. Instead, in The Life of the Mind, crisis and critique are discursive conventions which culminate in the protagonist remaining in a suspended emotional and economic state. This paper draws its theoretical approach from the novel’s intertexts, including Lauren Berlant’s conceptions of crisis ordinariness and impasse, and contextualises The Life of the Mind in relation to its intervention into discussions about critique and reading methodologies. Literary criticism and literary fiction are portrayed as being in a state of impasse in Smallwood’s novel. Despite Berlant’s (and Ann Cvetkovich’s) guarded sense of impasse as a state of potential, in The Life of the Mind impasse is regarded ironically; progress in the protagonist’s situation, in the discipline of literary studies, and in the practice of critique, are questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a current of literary criticism that approaches Milton's Paradise Lost from an environmental and ecological perspective. Such criticism has connected images of sulphur and smoke in Hell with the experience of coal smoke in early modern London. However, most of these works have not gone beyond establishing the connection. This paper argues that proceeding further to examine Milton's depiction of Hell and fallen being in the light of the early modern experiences of coal smoke, and the different modes in which these registered in the discourse, both imagery and language, of early modern London reveals that the representation of Hell and the fallen angels richly drew in a variety of ways on these sources, both overtly and implicitly. It also reveals an imagistic subtext that manifests the ways of fallen being and effort, expressing these as simultaneously insubstantial and pernicious, and derivative. Finally, it suggests the implication of Milton's epic in common Royalist narratives of coal smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to offer both an interpretation and a critique of the epistemological foundations underlying one of the most recent approaches to trauma studies: cultural trauma theory. After the First World War, the founding father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, inquired into whether his diagnostic of "traumatic neurosis" could shed light on how collectives deal with unsettling experiences and memories. Throughout the intervening decades, Freud´s insights into collective trauma have attracted the interest of scholars from various disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, from literary studies to historiography, memory studies, and, finally – the focus of this paper – cultural and social theory. By underlining the ways in which the proponents of cultural trauma theory – Jeffrey Alexander, Neil Smelzer, Piotr Sztompka, Bernhard Giesen, and Ron Eyerman – have reframed Freudian ideas regarding the transmission of legacies of collective suffering, the paper considers whether the notion of trauma can be extended to the analysis of cultures and societies. It explores the ambivalent relationship between psychoanalysis and contemporary cultural trauma theory to disclose the theoretical assumptions and weaknesses of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a re-reading of Aristophanes's comedy Ekklesiazusai (Assembly Women). It shows that this play exhibits the aporias of the binary gender order, which had evolved in classical fifth-century Athens, along with other dualisms typical of the period, such as the opposition of pólis and oíkos. The paper argues that Aristophanes negotiates these dualisms against the background of changing epistemological conditions of the fifth century, i. e. the establishment of the "principle of bivalence". From the perspective of theater and literary history, this development made the chorus increasingly unrecognizable, since it was primarily a figure of non-binary (and also cosmological) relations. The chorus becomes newly legible today precisely where dualisms erode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National sports stadiums are often deeply affected by the politics of identity and mythology. Questions of 'nationality' and the responsibility of safeguarding the idea of a specific 'national' sports culture often take a central position in the rhetoric surrounding national sports stadiums. This also has an impact on how they are designed, developed and operated. In this paper, we explore the legacy of Nordic national football stadiums. Our main case is Ullevål stadium in Oslo, which we compare with the national football stadiums in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. Through this study, we compare the changing functions and symbolic significances of the respective stadiums in light of national sports narratives and architectural qualities. We argue that the meaning of national stadiums is influenced both by assumptions about national sports identity and expectations embedded in football architecture. A key finding is that the modernist idiom of 'form follows function' still seems to reign as a token of football stadium quality, in contrast to the idea of the postmodern stadium, associated with aesthetic confusion, shallow commodification, and the relegation of football to a secondary role. Yet we also found that typical modernist and postmodernist features often co-exist, with examples of multi-functionality evident throughout the history of the national Nordic football stadiums. Another crucial finding is that history continues to play a part in the contemporary configurations of Nordic national stadiums, even in cases where the physical stadium heritage has been completely obliterated or reconstructed beyond recognition from its original physical design. From a theoretical point of view, we build on previous scholarly work on national sports culture, Nordic football culture in particular, as well as geographical, anthropological and architectural studies of football stadiums. Archival research, document studies and literature review are the primary methodological approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of Nexus/Busara as one of the foundational literary magazines in Kenya. Founded in the late 1960s by literature students at the University College, Nairobi, the journal was immersed in the politics of literary and cultural production in the East African region of the time. It was one of the major reviews that gave upcoming young writers space to hone their skills in creative writing and literary criticism. Using a historical approach, this paper places the magazine in the context of the postcolonial Kenyan landscape in the period immediately after independence. Through a close-reading of specific texts in the journal, the paper also explores the influences of pioneer East African writers and underscores the pivotal role that the University played in laying the foundations of modern Kenyan literature. The study shows that literary magazines are brooding nests for creative writers and literary critics, nurture literary cultures, and build bridges between generations of writers and between traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's reply to Mike Bleaney's criticism to his article on the creation of full employment as a policy objective on two rather separate grounds. On the one hand he thinks many of the details of the author's account are mistaken. On the other hand he dislikes the author's dismissal of Marxism as useful to the discussion of policy objectives. Bleaney suggests that the purpose of the author's article was confused because it purported to explain the commitment to full employment policy at the end of World War Two, but actually explained only the genesis of the 1944 White Paper on employment policy. The author can see no reason why that has not a reasonable procedure. In other words he sees no grounds for distinguishing the broad reasons for the publication of the White Paper from the reasons for that general commitment. Secondly Bleaney seems unsure whether the author's argument that the White Paper marked a new departure in policy was right or not. On the one hand he suggests that policies purportedly aimed at increasing employment had been pursued before (i.e. wage-cutting after 1925). On the other hand he accepts that the White Paper heralded genuine changes in economic policy management.

Part of Joaquín Dicenta's large literary production is currently overlooked in Spanish literary history, despite being one of the most unique figures of the late nineteenth to early twentieth century period. He is primarily remembered for his prolific journalistic work and for introducing social drama to Spain—a theatrical genre cultivated by European playwrights at the time. This paper aims to shed light on an aspect of Dicenta that has been relatively neglected by scholars: the genesis of his novel Encarnación (1913). In composing this book, the author appears to have merged stories from Spoliarium (1888) and certain passages from Idos y Muertos (1909), both inspired by biographical events. I focus on several aspects, including the textual transmission of Encarnación, the underlying process of rewriting, the biographical episodes that inspired the novel, and the similarities and differences with the other two works with which it has been linked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has witnessed a burgeoning interest in the interwoven relationship between Cold War Studies and Translation Studies. However, Hong Kong during the Cold War remains largely neglected. Hong Kong in the 1950s had a political significance from a temporal and spatial perspective and was the scene where the British colonizer, the United States Information Services (USIS) and Communist China fought a hidden battle. World Today, a less studied but major periodical that was sponsored by the USIS in Hong Kong, was published between 1949 and the 1980s. This paper investigates the literary translations in World Today from 1949 to 1952, and finds that they were part of the US propaganda and cultural war against Communist China. These foreign literary works, chiefly American literature and writings on the US, were characterized by appropriation and mediation through the purposeful selection of translated literary works from the outset and selective manipulation within the text via omissions and alterations thereafter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that when the influential periodical was republished as a series of bound volumes (the format in which the vast majority of its readers knew it), it enabled a practice of reading that was integral to the developing genre of the novel. While critics have discussed The Spectator in its book form as an object of social distinction, this paper considers the new format as enabling and intensifying a mode of reading that Addison theorized in terms of the aesthetic category of 'novelty'. Through close readings of a section of Volume 4, Black shows how The Spectator was self-consciously organized by the pleasures of 'novelty', surprise, variety, wit, and the remediation of classic and foreign texts. Eighteenth-century novelists, in turn, sought to satisfy the expectations and exploit the skills trained by the Spectator, which provided a model of these 'novel' pleasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I review works of Dalit literary criticism in regional languages and their absences in the English language. The paper discusses five absences that continue to make Dalit literary criticism in English deficient. It discusses the nature of these absences and their interconnectedness. The article proposes that translators and editors play a very crucial role in recuperating these absences in Dalit literary criticism, but they must become aware of the necessary and specific challenges involved in the translation and compilation of works of literary criticism. It highlights that translating works of literary criticism is qualitatively different from translating works of Dalit literature. The paper then provides what these specific challenges in the translation are and how overcoming these challenges can remedy the five critical absences discussed in the essay. The paper argues that the discursive strength of Dalit literary criticism in English depends on addressing these five absences, and so does the development of Dalit literary theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a critique of Dylan Thomas' poem 'The Hand That Signed the Paper.' Origin of the poem; Depiction of politics in the poem; Themes and motives; Language and imagery.

We are used to thinking of modernist works, à la Ricoeur, as 'tales about time', either as marking ruptures in time, or cycling back on time. In recent criticism, in what has been seen as a move beyond the historicism of the new modernist studies, there has been significant attention paid to the future in modernism, and indeed the futures of modernism. This paper will attend to how some of the key modernist texts of 1922, including Ulysses, Jacob's Room, and the beginnings of Mrs Dalloway, address futurity in various forms (prolepsis, prophecy, speculation), and open themselves to possible futures. More than a century on from the annus mirabilis of 'high' modernism, what accounts for the continued 'usefulness' of such works as ways of thinking about and preparing for what Joyce called 'the imprevidibility of the future'? And what are the implications for modernist studies, at this commemorative moment, of a future-oriented criticism? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to a growing literature on the transnational history of 'collaborationism' under wartime occupation, this paper examines 'Rural Pacification' – the counterinsurgency campaigns that were prosecuted from 1941 to 1943 in Japanese-occupied China – from the perspective of culture. In this paper, I argue that, despite being initiated as a military project, the 'political work' of Rural Pacification, and particularly the use of cultural production to spread government ideas to rural communities in the Lower Yangtze Delta, marked a crucial part of these campaigns. Rural Pacification was not purely about the eradication of communist resistance in China, but also about 'cleansing hearts'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes a study into the applicability of literary translations of books and plays in the subtitles of their film adaptations. The study involved 16 adaptations subtitled into Polish to be screened at a cultural event. The subtitlers were asked to read the literary translations before subtitling their films, and complete a questionnaire investigating how the literary rendition was useful in the subtitling process. The results were varied and depended on the material. On the one hand, reading the target-language original turned out to be unnecessary when it was descriptive, and even confusing for the translators when the changes introduced in the adaptation were radical. On the other hand, if the adaptation was more in line with the original, the subtitlers could greatly benefit from it by ensuring consistency in the proper names, adopting the same style, word choice or character relations, mimicking the approach to problematic areas of translation (e.g. the treatment of the third language). They could also copy the translation of recurrent sayings that the viewers familiar with the book may recognise, and even incorporate the literary translation of entire dialogue lines and scenes into the subtitles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work deals with the study of the evolution and the historical experience of Spanish journalism in the context of decades of transition between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From the selection of the most relevant cases and the examination of tracking, or not, of models and European patterns of the reference press, singularities and analogies of the historical evolution of the Spanish journalism model may be seen – an evolutionary model fully registered within the framework of Western Europe and in one of its most fruitful phases: the origins and first development of the mass media. Therefore, the following trilogy of reference media is selected covering specified time periods:El Imparcial, Madrid, 1867–1933;La Vanguardia, Barcelona, 1881; andABC, Madrid, 1903. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature (art) and politics are often compared and brought together, inasmuch as they both engage with, transform, and renounce the human world as it is, and as they both share—in their key moments—a world disclosing power that allows them to generate a world that was not. The events of May '68 foster a further affinity with writing: the numerous slogans—whose echo, variations, and relevance are still sensed—bear witness to a complicit pact between words (in their artistic inscription as graffiti) and political upheaval. Yet, this paper attempts to revitalize the relationship of art and politics, by drawing on Maurice Blanchot's view of literature as a sovereign—insubordinate to worldly, and political, causes—realm. With particular reference to some of Blanchot's key texts, which preceded—and foretold the success/failure of—May '68, this paper explores how literature and literary criticism become radically political in their autonomy, that is, in their turning toward (against) themselves, as forces of opposition that contest their conditions of (im)possibility. Unfolding Blanchot's idiosyncratic account of literature as 'committed non-commitment' (dégagement engagé), this paper will contend that the essence of the political as a profound refusal, as put forth by the anti-authoritarian call of May 1968, is realized in and as the experience of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correspondence among Latin American Boom figures tells personal and professional stories that are critical for thinking anew about recent Latin American literary history. Princeton's Latin American archive contains numerous letters that tell those stories, including the story of the Princeton collection itself, which was started with manuscripts by José Donoso. Letters in the Donoso collection offer models for reading in the Princeton archive more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This first novel of Mexican film director, scriptwriter, poet, multi-award-winning playwright, journalist, and political activist, Sabina Berman, appeared in English translation in 2012. Berman's autistic narrator, Karen Nieto, uses notebooks and diaries to produce a memoir-style narrative that undercuts Cartesian understandings of rational human(ist) subjectivity; Nieto is embodied, and embedded in the world, then she attributes meaning. This paper argues that Berman repositions readers in relation to standard human subjectivity and values by consistently calling attention to differences between (an assumed) neurotypical reader and the representation of a neurodivergent narrator. Taking a Disability Rights perspective, Berman refuses to subsume the narrator's neurodivergence to a neurotypical plot by representing her as an autistic savant or allowing her life story to be reduced to pain and suffering through social or medicalized deficits. An enactive reading of this autistic narrative highlights differences between neurotypical and neurodivergent positions without favoring the former as a point of origin or destination thereby facilitating a revaluation of what it means to be human. It highlights embodiment and embeddedness in environment. The paper also examines stylistic features of the text's materiality that engage with echolalia and alexithymia to analyze how they enable defamiliarization to reposition readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If an author's influence can be measured by the number of quotations in a newspaper, then the Oulipo can now be considered rooted in the French cultural establishment. However, this sweeping statement hides a set of more fine-grained facts. Through the analysis of literary criticism as well as articles published in the weekly magazine Télérama, this paper highlights how much friction exists between the members of the group Oulipo and the Oulipo itself. Reviewers of collectively authored works prefer to highlight the names of well-known writers' such as Roubaud, Queneau and especially Perec, who, despite his death, remains an important member of the Oulipo. Some individual books (Le Tellier, Fournel, Jouet) are reviewed but most references concern the Oulipo's performances, public readings or writing workshops, valuing their comic verve and their skillful wordplay rather than their books. In the end, the Oulipo seems to serve as reservoir of constraints' that can be deployed elsewhere, in comics, radio or the visual arts. In recent years, referring to the group has become almost a lexicalized expression synonymous with constraint or an impossible exercise, even if at the same time, Perec's position as the most famous Oulipian is under challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]