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With the advent of the era of big data and information technology, deep learning (DL) has become a hot trend in the research field of artificial intelligence (AI). The use of deep learning methods for parameter inversion, disease identification, detection, surrounding rock classification, disaster prediction, and other tunnel engineering problems has also become a new trend in recent years, both domestically and internationally. This paper briefly introduces the development process of deep learning. By reviewing a number of published papers on the application of deep learning in tunnel engineering over the past 20 years, this paper discusses the intelligent application of deep learning algorithms in tunnel engineering, including collapse risk assessment, water inrush prediction, crack identification, structural stability evaluation, and seepage erosion in mountain tunnels, urban subway tunnels, and subsea tunnels. Finally, it explores the future challenges and development prospects of deep learning in tunnel engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil and gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks are a particular type of unconventional reservoir and present unique challenges for exploration and production engineers. To help the oil industry understand volcanic reservoirs and solutions to complex development problems, we reviewed their key engineering technologies as well as their geological characteristics. The distinctive geological characteristics of volcanic hydrocarbon reservoirs are strong heterogeneity, low porosity and permeability, complex fracture systems, etc. The volcanic reservoir rock types in order of hydrocarbon abundance are basalt (38.5%), andesite (15.9%), volcaniclastic (12.1%), and rhyolite (11.5%). The porosity ranges from 0.1 to 70%, and permeability ranges from 0.0007 to 762 md. In some commercially developed volcanic reservoirs of China, the average porosity is 7.7–13%; the average permeability is 0.41–3.4 md. Engineers have applied a variety of adapted technologies to produce volcanic reservoir economically. Horizontal wells can increase production and reserves by 4–6 times those of vertical wells, and longer wells are preferred. Specialized hydraulic fracturing techniques are suggested, including small or mixed proppant size, second HF treatment after proppant slugging, high-viscosity frac fluid with high-temperature resistance, special fluid loss reducer, high pump pressure, Extreme Overbalance Perforating, limited-entry fracturing, matrix acidizing, etc. Water control measures include producing below critical rates, partial perforation or penetration, controlling hydraulic fracture height, using horizontal wells, implementing complete cementing job, etc. Well productivity evaluation should be conducted to understand well performance and appropriately allocate production rates among wells, using the modified AOF method and other productivity prediction models considering breakdown fracture gradient, gas slippage effect, non-Darcy effect, etc. Well sites need to be selected based on recognizing profitable lithologies, lithofacies, high porosity and permeability, relatively developed fracture systems, thick net pay zones, etc. The critical questions for the industry are how to enhance volcanic reservoir recovery with more efficient and economic hydraulic fracturing and water control techniques. This is one of the first papers systematically summarizing the engineering technologies and unique solutions to develop volcanic reservoirs. Further and more complete reviews can be carried out in the future, and more novel and effective techniques can be explored and tested in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province, China, as a significant national choice, has considerable strategic significance for the integrated growth of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. This paper proposes a cloud model for the suitability evaluation of the construction of Xiongan New Area based on entropy weight analysis, taking into account the geological conditions, groundwater environment, environmental geological problems, and other factors of the suitability of image city development. According to the research, the suitability evaluation findings for the project building employing the cloud model are in strong accord with those of the traditional model and have some application potential. The evaluation's findings indicate that the project construction in Xiongan New Area is acceptable, with suitable and relatively suitable sites making up 81.4% of the total area and excellent circumstances for project development, construction, and usage. This study offers helpful direction for Xiongan New Area's urban land-space design and serves as a useful point of comparison for studies looking at the viability of other deep Quaternary Plain region engineering buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 geological storage projects are an essential tool for China to achieve the double carbon target of energy savings and emission reductions. In order to safely and effectively control the implementation of injection projects and monitor the dynamics of CO2 injection, multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary monitoring tools are required. Among them, microseismic monitoring is a key technology for predicting reservoir dynamics and reflecting reservoir geomechanical behavior. Such monitoring has been carried out previously for reservoirs in other countries, but experimental projects are also gradually being developed in China. In this paper, we focus on the research and analysis results of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects in various work areas. For different reservoir conditions, we explore combinations of the monitoring implementation methods in China, comparing the differences in each work area. We propose a joint well and ground microseismic monitoring method and a multi-spatial and multi-physical field coupling research system for use in the implementation of domestic demo projects for the future research and development of microseismic monitoring of carbon storage projects. The monitoring program can meet the requirements for certain periodic repeated or continuous observations and can intelligently assess the risk and handle the alert behavior. The foundation is laid for the development of the future microseismic monitoring technology to achieve the goal of developing cost-controllable, permanent, and real-time monitoring equipment. The application of the monitoring system in China has been effective, and this experience can contribute to the development of injection engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road recycling technology is gradually becoming a research focus in road construction due to natural resource shortages. It is therefore necessary to carry out deep and extensive analysis of the huge amount of publications in the research area of recycling technology in road construction. Based on three databases (Web of Science, Compendex and Scopus) and VOSviewer visualization software, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the literature in the field of recycled construction materials in pavement engineering. The global research publications were reviewed to quantitatively identify the literature characteristics. A number of publications, document types, research areas and keywords were used to achieve the general statistics of this reviewed literature. H-index, publication number and citations per publication were used to evaluate the academic contributions by country, institution and journal. The results show that the most productive country and institution for publications are the USA and Chang'an University from China, respectively, followed by China and Wuhan University of Technology. In recent years, researchers have generally paid attention to two main approaches: the application of rubber modified asphalt and the performance enhancement of recycled pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The obtained kinds of borehole camera images of long or deep holes in the tunnels of the building Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Digital panoramic borehole imaging technology has been widely used in the practice of drilling engineering. Based on many high-definition panoramic borehole images obtained by the borehole imaging system, this paper puts forward an automatic recognition method based on clustering and characteristic functions to perform intelligent analysis and automatic interpretation researches, and successfully applied to the analysis of the borehole images obtained at the Wudongde Hydropower Station in the south-west of China. The results show that the automatic recognition method can fully and quickly automatically identify most of the important structural planes and their position, dip, dip angle and gap width and other characteristic parameter information in the entire borehole image. The recognition rate of the main structural plane is about 90%. The accuracy rate is about 85%, the total time cost is about 3 h, and the accuracy deviation is less than 4% among the 12 boreholes with a depth of about 50 m. The application of automatic recognition technology to the panoramic borehole image can greatly improve work efficiency, reduce the time cost, and avoid the interference caused by humans, making it possible to automatically recognize the structural plane parameters of the full-hole image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth-rock dams make up a large proportion of the dams in China, and their failures can induce great risks. In this paper, the risks associated with earth-rock dam failure are analyzed from two aspects: the probability of a dam failure and the resulting life loss. An event tree analysis method based on fuzzy set theory is proposed to calculate the dam failure probability. The life loss associated with dam failure is summarized and refined to be suitable for Chinese dams from previous studies. The proposed method and model are applied to one reservoir dam in Jiangxi province. Both engineering and non-engineering measures are proposed to reduce the risk. The risk analysis of the dam failure has essential significance for reducing dam failure probability and improving dam risk management level.

With strong support from national and local government policies for prefabricated buildings, China's prefabricated buildings have entered a period of rapid development. This article analyses the literature from various countries and establishes a structural model of the prefabricated building supply chain under the Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) mode. It analyzes the factors that affect the prefabricated building supply chain under the EPC model from eight aspects: design stage, prefabricated component production and manufacturing stage, procurement stage, and EPC general contracting stage, etc. Then, it establishes an AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model that combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the entire lifecycle supply chain of prefabricated buildings, providing reference for the robustness and resilience evaluation of prefabricated building supply chains, and further achieving green management of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in prefabricated building supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering construction involves many internal factors and external environmental factors, resulting in conflict or uncoordinated problems in engineering management. The harmonious management of engineering construction is the process of coordinating and solving the contradiction between construction elements and the problems between them and the external environment. The connotations of three subsystems of engineering harmony, namely, Ren harmony (RH), Wu harmony (WH), and Shi harmony (SH), are defined, and the system architecture of engineering harmony is constructed. Then, a hypothetical model is proposed to deeply explore the impacts of subsystems such as Ren harmony, Wu harmony, and Shi harmony on engineering harmony, as well as the moderating effects of the natural ecology, social humanities, and political economy on engineering harmony. The results show that (1) natural ecology has a significant promotion effect on RH, SH, and engineering harmony; (2) social humanities have a significant enhancement effect on SH and engineering harmony; and (3) political economy does not play a significant role in any process. "Engineering harmony" is used to measure the effectiveness of engineering management, and a scientific scale is used to reflect this index. It provides a new idea for theoretical exploration and practical guidance in engineering construction management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper disposal of steel slag has always been a great challenge for the metallurgical industry in China and around the world. In this work, the steel slag aggregate (SSA) was surface pretreated (PSSA) and applied into asphalt mixture. The adhesive behavior between the bitumen and five different types of aggregates (i.e., limestone, diorite, diabase, SSA, PSSA) were evaluated based on the contact angle and binder bond strength tests. The pavement performance of three asphalt mixtures which contain normal aggregate, SSA and PSSA respectively, was analyzed by Marshall stability test, wheel-tracking rutting test, low-temperature bending creep test and water sensitivity test. The results showed that surface modification can improve the surface properties of SSA, reduce its contact angle with bitumen, and eventually lead to the improvement of adhesion between them. In addition to the satisfied low-temperature properties, PSSA was found to significantly improve the anti-rutting property and reduce the water sensitivity of asphalt mixture. This work is expected to promote an alternative application for recycling of SSA in pavement engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underground void subsidence hazards, especially mine goaf, have now become one of the major social problems affecting the well-being of civilians and development in China. The objective of this study was to propose a kind of strong thixotropic engineering slurry and filling treatment for use in underground void subsidence hazards. The optimal agent ratio for thixotropic cement slurry/mortar was obtained by indoor tests, where the rheological agent is 7.5% compared to the weight of cement, the water–solid ratio is in the range of 0.7~0.8, and the aeolian sand ratio can be 0~1.5 times that of cement. The rheological properties of slurry and mortar were tested using a Brookfield RST-SST rheometer. The results show that aeolian sand can be used as thixotropic cement mortar for a backfilling treatment for underground voids (mine goaf). The static yield stress increases non-linearly compared to existing thixotropic models. The stress decays sharply with shearing (the shear rate is more or less 10 s−1) and then the stress increases with the increase in shear rate (the shear rate is more than 10 s−1). The increase in the stress of the slurry is greater than in the mortar. A natural logarithmic function between yield stress and rest time (only 1 parameter), an exponential function with two parts for stress–shear rate (a rheology model, with only 3 parameters), and an exponential function for the accumulation law (only 2 parameters) were proposed in turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous innovation and development of science and technology, the mining industry has also benefited greatly and improved over time, especially in the field of backfill mining. Mining researchers are increasingly working on cutting-edge technologies, such as applying artificial intelligence to mining production. However, in addition, some problems in the actual engineering are worth people's attention, and especially in China, such a big mining country, the actual engineering faces many problems. In recent years, Chinese mining researchers have conducted a lot of studies on practical engineering problems in the stope and goaf of backfill mining method in China, among which the three most important points are (1) Calculation problems of backfill slurry transportation; (2) Reliability analysis of backfill pipeline system; (3) Stope backfill process and technology. Therefore, this final part (Part III) will launch the research progress of China's practical engineering problems from the above two points. Finally, we claim that Part III serves just as a guide to starting a conversation, and hope that many more experts and scholars will be interested and engage in the research of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]