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The essay analyses the relations between the Holy See and Mexico during the pontificate of Pius XII, starting from the unpublished documentation preserved in the Historical Archive of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See, and concentrating on the years from the election of Eugenio Pacelli to the papal throne to the beginning of the six-year presidential term of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952-1958). Two main trends emerge from the examination of the Vatican papers: on the one hand, there is the undoubted consolidation of the fragile modus vivendi inaugurated by President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río at the end of the 1930's -- based on the non-application of the anticlerical provisions of the Constitution of Querétaro (1917) -- which under the successive presidencies of Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940-1946) and Miguel Alemán Valdés (1946-1952) would see the Apostolic Delegation in Mexico entertain a constant and profitable dialogue with the supreme authority of the State. On the other hand, starting from the passage from the Ávila Camacho presidency to the Alemán Valdés presidency, the Vatican Secretariat of State will repeatedly express its growing dissatisfaction with a legislative framework that is effectively unchanged compared to the years of open religious persecution, together with its concern for the acquiescence of relevant sectors of Mexican Catholicism towards a distancing of the Church from the political and legislative dimension that was now taken for granted. A key role in these processes was played by the Archbishop of Mexico Luis María Martínez y Rodríguez (from 1937 to 1948 in charge of affairs of the Apostolic Delegation) and by Mgr. Guglielmo Piani (appointed Apostolic Visitor in 1948 and Apostolic Delegate to Mexico in 1951), whose work received contrasting evaluations in the Vatican. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the interpersonal relationships established by the secular clergy in Jerez de la Frontera during the Late Middle Ages. Through the analysis of the affidavits preserved in the Historical Archive of Affidavits of Jerez de la Frontera for the period between 1392 and 1520, the most mundane profile of this important ecclesiastical group is traced. In this way, the article intends to go beyond the usual business in notarial documentation to delve into other types of connections, less obvious, but equally common between clergy and laity. It talks about their spiritual, material, social and sexual links, which give meaning to the adjective «secular» and show the social prestige enjoyed by this group in the society of this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an investigation involving Vatican sources that have recently been opened for research, the paper reassesses the story of the actual or alleged Vatican-Soviet attempts at rapprochement initiated during and after World War ii with the aim to explore the considerations that shaped Vatican eastern policy at the end of the war. Ont the basis of a closer examination of the Orlemanski mission in the spring of 1944, the Flynn mission in March 1945, and the negotiations initiated in 1946 through Hungarian Jesuits it argues that despite Moscow's brief apparent display of willingness to cooperate at the end of the war, the failure of actual attempts at rapprochement was primarily due to the Kremlin's lack of interest. By contrast, the Vatican was truly open to dialogue, given the right conditions. Consequently, Pius xii's Eastern policy is to be interpreted through the paradigm not of intransigence but traditional Vatican concordat policy. The term Ostpolitik, however, unless used with some distinguishing qualification, seems inappropriate to Pius xii's stance on Eastern policy. Despite the similarities with the Vatican Ostpolitik of the 1960s, a close comparison shows up several basic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a summary of the Interinstitutional Colloquiums of Patrology Students that have been held in Colombia since 2018. These colloquiums are academic spaces for reflection on the thinking of authors from the first centuries of the Christian era. In each edition, papers are presented on various topics related to the Church Fathers, such as the importance and relevance of their thinking today. The conferences are given by students from different universities and also feature the participation of keynote speakers. The event has been growing in participation and it is expected that in the next edition, organized by the Catholic University Luis Amigó and the Pontifical Bolivarian University, there will be a greater attendance. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the paper is to present different types of texts written by clerics of the Office of pontifical ceremonies at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. The author will try to explain why in this period the production of texts such as ceremonials, ordines, tractatus, diaries and liturgical commentaries was particularly intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age, the reform of the religious orders and its support by the different groups of power and political agents introduced new ways of looking, seeing, understanding, and interacting in the monastic and convent environment. In this paper we will analyse the way in which religious communities, and especially female ones, subjected to a strict enclosure, interacted with the different spaces and architectural scenarios, as well as with the iconographic programs developed in them, trying to highlight the important role played by sight, or the deprivation of it, as a devotional and contemplative instrument in the observant Castilian context of the 15th and early 16th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolution of the relations of benefactoría and protection between the nobility and the urban patriciate, on the one hand, and the religious orders, on the other, during the Castilian Late Middle Ages. The focus will be on the various monastic and conventual foundations carried out by these groups, as well as the donations and protection provided to religious centers. An overall analysis will be made of the different religious orders that were present in Castile during the study period: traditional -Benedictines, Cistercians and Premonstratensians-, mendicants -Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians and Carmelites-, redeemers of captives -Trinitarians and Mercedarians- and the orders that entered Castile in the first Trastámara reigns -Hyeronimites and Carthusians-. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study and catalogue the profession charts belonging to the monastery of Valbuena de Duero, which are deposited today in dossier 7658 of the Clergy Section of the National Historical Archive of Spain. We approach the analysis of these from the perspective of Diplomatic Science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the visit made by Archbishop Francisco Aguiar y Seijas to the South of the Archdiocese of Mexico, that is, to the parishes located between Cuernavaca Valley and those in the jurisdiction of Tixtla, Iguala and Chilapa, between November 1687 and January 1688. This paper aims to show how the visit to the 19 parishes of the south opened up an ephemeral, sacred time, in which the prelate celebrated masses, processions, and confirmations, but the visit also created a space and time in which he attended several matters of government and justice, with the assistance of his entourage, as a kind of itinerant miter, both in the parishes that were the object of the visit and those that were not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the religious and political dimension in the Italian reception of Vatican II from the end of the Council to the explosion of May 1968. More specifically, the paper deals with the development of the Catholic protest against the Hierarchy and the political system, the development of spontaneous groups and their evolution into the Ecclesial Base Communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents studies on Catholic activism in Latin America in the 20th century. It highlights how social Catholic initiatives emerged in the context of oligarchic and anticlerical regimes, as well as during the Cold War. The notebook includes three papers on Catholic activism in Argentina, Mexico, and the United States, as well as an initiative for the entire region. The studies analyze the formation of the Argentine Catholic Action, Catholic exile in the United States to prevent the rupture of the Church in Mexico, and the use of comics to reinforce Catholic devotion in Latin America, Spain, and the United States. These works offer an understanding of the complexity and singularities of Catholicism in the past century. [Extracted from the article]

On the occasion of the 5th centenary of Ferdinand the Catholic (1516-2016) this paper addresses a lesser known facet of his personality, and most representative of his policy - his religiosity. The paper attempts to reconstruct the fernandian charism through its religious models, ideals of perfection, moral literature and spiritual currents which shaped the docta pietas of the environment. In this framework of ideas and people we analyze the liturgical and devotional activity of the Catholic King, developed under the impulse of a more internalized piety, particularly cognizant of the Passion of Christ, which had unprecedented consequences in the court's welfare activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers an approach to the figure of Saint Dominic of Guzman (+1221) by way of a little-known sermon by the famous Florentine Dominican Jerome Savonarola (1452-1498). This sermon helps us get to know not only the father founder of the Friars Preachers, but also the preoccupations of one of his most controversial sons, who later had an important influence in the Dominican Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is an attempt to underscore a question that affected all levels of the Church's structure: jurisdictional conflicts. In this case, we shall focus on one of the critical junctures in the tension existing between the Collegiate Church of Aguilar de Campoo and the Burgos' bishopric. Although both institutions quarrelled about jurisdictional issues during most of the Modern Era, there were moments when the level of violence reached such degree that called for the intervention of different judicial authorities and, at last, for the intervention of the lay patron of the Collegiate Church, the only one who could fix the difficult situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the current knowledge we have about the life of Santo Domingo is presented in a synthetic way, founder of the Order of Preachers, and the sources with which his hagiography had been constructed throughout the 13th century are analysed. From there, the additions and aspects that the 16th century chroniclers highlighted about the life of the saint are examined, educated in the ideals of regular observance and in humanistic criticism, who, precisely, proposed the founder as the model of the observant Castilian friar. In fact, the chronicles of the Order must be considered as stories proper, but, above all, as writings of religious formation for the friars themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The canonization of 1622, in wich Blessed Isidore the Farmer, Ignatius Loyola, Francis Xavier, Teresa of Avila and Philip Neri were inscribed in the Canon of Saints, was memorable for several reasons. It’s period of gestation was not easy. Pope Paul v had decided to canonize Isidore the Farmer, a decisión that was accepted by his successor, Gregory xv. The strong pressure to which the Pope was subjected both by the Catholic Monarchs and by the Orders to which the new saints belonged, especially the Jesuits, determined their joint canonization in the short term, first adding Blessed Teresa, then Ignatius and Xavier, and, finally, in order to avoid an exclusively Spanish ceremony, at the request of the Congregation itself, Philip Neri. Without denying the political side of the canonization, this paper offers several convergent lines of interpretation in order to demonstrate that the canonization in 1622 was not only the canonization of the protagonists of the Catholic Reformation but, symbolically, of the Church’s own Reformation itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in 1873, the Jesuits were re-admitted into the Church of México, and started a series of rural missions. Encouraged by initiatives like the «Apostolado de la cruz», the Jesuits made a concerted effort to establish a series of groups and initiatives destined to fight the liberalism of the Reform Laws. This paper studies the contribution of Antonio Labrador S. J., from when he joined the Rural Missions in 1885, until his return to Spain in 1910. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the content of the private library of the Dutch humanist Johannes Fungerius, a remarkable bibliophile, consisting of about 1100 titles, according to the public auction document of them, verified in Leiden in 1613. The set of theological books and especially the copies of the Sacred Scripture will be studied, in order to check if they responded to a Calvinist profile of the beginnings. Everything seems to indicate that they were the books of a northern humanist, a reformed Christian of moderate tendency, with broad intellectual interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the role played by the relics of St Eulalia of Mérida in the ideological construction of kingship by the Asturian monarchs, who were to take these remains to their capital in Oviedo. As the extant testimonies date from a later period, the devotional clues are traced to clarify the chronology of this process and the legitimizing message it entailed, based on previous actions involving Eulalia’s relics. The importance of these relics within the Oviedo reliquary and its transformations over the centuries are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1622 Pope Gregory xv canonized Isidore the Farmer, Teresa of Avila, Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier and Philip Neri. This paper focuses on the history of the canonization process in honor of the founder of the Oratory and, also, on the support that his cause received from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and France. On the other hand, it highlights how a number of decisions (multiple canonization, order of precedence of the saints, papal bull, ceremonial decoration) hinge on a political and diplomatic negotiation carried out by the Pope with the aim of reaching a balance between France and Spain, showing the need to emphasize the «roman» character of those canonizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the meaning of «political Augustinianism» and its incidence in the mirrors of princes (speculae principum) in the High Middle Ages. The work consists of three parts. The first part analyzes power as an unnatural category, the superiority of the Church over civil power, and the sacralization of power. The second part studies five important aspects of the specula principum: virtue, real exemplarity, moral curriculum, secular formation and the framework of the law. The last part is a study of John of Salisbury's Policraticus (c. 1159), a prelude to Aristotelian social naturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political participation in the ancient Greek society was considered of the outmost importance, defining the free man: to be man was to be a citizen. This fact emphasized the need and importance of a formation oriented in two dimensions: responsible citizenship participation and preparation for government. The main Greek political philosophers dealt with these topics in depth and very rightly up to the extent that many contemporary specialists state with pessimism: «nowadays, the only novelty are the classics» also because they analyzed topics of outmost current importance. Even a short abstract - as the one in the present paper - about political education by the most important Greek authors in the classic period, may help to extract interesting ideas to inspire the modern programs of political formation based on the classical authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the Iberian Peninsula from the perspective of the many processes of transfer and transformation that occurred in it from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, owing to which it became a place of encounter between Christians and Muslims. Particular attention is paid to translations of religious texts made by Christians about Islam, which were on the one hand modes of knowledge and interpretation of a culture, and on the other hand special means for the integration and disintegration of the Muslim population. On gathering together the manuscript tradition currently available of these translations and determining their background, the people involved, the places, circumstances and historical contexts, the paper lays the foundations for the possibility of a complete history of the inter-Christian reception of this transmission process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the different approaches to the incorporation of the new theory of Darwinism in secondary school textbooks of natural sciences during the first period of the Restoration of the Spanish Monarchy, considering these textbooks not only as the complex product they are, but also as objects of research and ideological instruments. Moreover, this paper studies the influence of the Spanish Liberal Party and other cultural and teaching organizations including the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, on the acceptance of Darwinism and its diffusion in schools. It also examines the contribution of Darwinism to the process of modernizing Spanish culture and education, and the resistance to it from both the Marquis of orovio's restrictive policy on academic freedom and the traditional view of the cosmos and humanity presented in the textbooks of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the crisis in the longterm relationship model between the Spanish upper clergy, the Crown and the Papacy. Throughout the ancien régime, the high-ranking secular clergy divided its loyalty between two sovereign powers without any major problem. But this double loyalty underwent a crisis in the second half of the eighteenth century, aggravated by the French Revolution and the international political context. The controversy that arose between the members of the Spanish Rota tribunal concerning the royal decree of 1799, which ordered bishops and some royal courts to assume functions reserved to the Holy See, shows on a micro level the factors that led people to choose one loyalty over another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, from the perspective of intellectual history, the theological debate during the first period of Chilean independence. Focusing on the public role of religious discourse and the political dimension of the clergy's activity, this work examines the discussions related to the problem of popular sovereignty, the theory of the divine right of kings, the religious justification of political change and the attempts to promote republican ideology from a Biblical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitution of Cadiz was applied throughout Cuban territory in the two periods in which it was in force, 1812-1814 and 1820-1823, when the island was free from the convulsions of the wars of independence. This paper analyzes the participation of the Cuban ecclesiastical establishment in this process. As the sources reveal, the Cuban clergy, encouraged by the bishop of Havana, was characterized by its involvement at the local level in establishing the representative system. The clergy had a dual role as citizens and representatives of the new State, but were also vocal in defense of local interests against other authorities, and resisted the criticism of the most pro-colonial reactionary faction, especially during the Liberal Triennium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period between the end of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Church in Cuba experienced a remarkable growth in its human and material structures: new religious convents, expansion of parish churches, improvements in the formation of the clergy, etc. These aspects developed in parallel to the economic and demographic progress of the island. This paper studies the relationship between this growth and the exercise of the merced or regal grace on behalf of the patronato, as well as the constant recourse to real justice on the part of the candidates struggling for the new ecclesiastical benefits. It shows to what extent we can talk about a regalist mentality within the middle and high criollo sector, who were the main protagonists and beneficiaries of this expansion, rather than the regalism of the crown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some factors underlying the current predominance of emotional culture and outlines the resulting social scenario. Some contradictions and challenges are noted that result from the centrality of the emotional paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reconstruct the library of Miguel Rubio, a medieval canon from Zaragoza, on the basis of several notarial documents kept in different archives. The identification of Rubio's books, listed in two separate archives, gives us an insight into his cultural interests and working instruments related to late medieval Spanish book history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author provides a chronological analysis of the vicissitudes in the reform of monastic, economic and organizational life of the monasteries of Benedictine monks and nuns, covering the three existing congregations in Spain during the time of the Catholic Monarchs (1474-1516): the Benedictine Claustral Congregation of Compostela, the Benedictine Claustral Congregation of Toledo and the Benedictine Claustral Congregation of Tarragona and Zaragoza. All monasteries of the first two were slowly integrated into the Observant Congregation of San Benito of Valladolid. Only three of the monasteries of the Congregation of Tarragona and Zaragoza were assimilated, despite the great interest of the Catholic Monarchs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many political and religious changes took place in the Kingdom of Aragon during the government of King Ferdinand the Catholic. Of these, changes in the relationship with the Jewish community are specially relevant. The most significant moment of the period was, without any doubt, the order of expulsion of the Jews from all Hispanic kingdoms, issued in 1492. In this paper we present and analyze the perception of the Jews during this period, using as a reference passages from the Sermones by the Inquisitor Don Martín García, Bishop of Barcelona and King Ferdinand II's royal preacher, as a source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the centuries, Christian Art has represented Christ according to a series of features in which the theology and spirituality of each epoch are reflected. In this paper we go from the earliest Christian representations of Christ as the Good Shepherd and Philosopher up to the present day, through the Christ in majesty of the Romanesque style, the suffering Christ of the Gothic, the perfectus Deus and perfectus homo of the Renaissance, the triumphant Christ characteristic of the post-Tridentine Baroque, and 19th century historicism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes critically how the French Law of Separation of 1905 came into being, explaining its social context, its main contents, and especially, the meaning and scope of the so-called associations of cult, and the end of public financial support for recognized religious cults established in Napoleonic times. It describes its reception by the Church, the crisis in the relations between Church and State, and the long march towards the resolution of this problem, through the adoption of the new category of diocesan associations. We reflect on the traumatic genesis of the idea of laïcité, and how this affected changes in legislation, whose consequences are still in force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses in detail the various traditions, both clerical and secular, that have dominated the historiography of the Catholic Church in Mexico. The text does recount the historiographies published by different authors, to underline the efforts to systematize the studies on the Catholic Church. To facilitate the analysis and understanding of the publications of the last 50 years, the narrative is articulated around axes, both thematic and chronological. This methodology allowed presenting the historiographical advances, between the 16th century to the 21st century, and the large gaps that still exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Venezuelan ecclesiastical historiography of the last fifty years (1965-2015) has focused on carrying out a profound inquiry into the consequences of Spain's missions across the entire territory of Venezuela. This paper explains the results of this research concerning the relationships between the Church and the leaders of the independence movement (1810-1821), nineteenth-century political figures, and the modern Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aim to elucidate the core understanding of the concept of the «Catholic Church» prior to and following the so-called 'Edict of Constantine' of 313, which marked a before and after in the the history of Christianity. Up to this date, the meaning of the 'Catholic' church was only used in Christian circles. But from the 'Edict' of 313 onwards, two meanings of the term «Catholic» came into being: the first, which could be called the most usual one, was taught to catechumens in explanations concerning the Symbol of the faith; the second marks a boundary, be it between the Christian communities joined together in what is «Catholic» and any heretical or schismatic communities, or in relation to the imperial institutions, which some scholars of late antiquity have termed the «imperial church». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Spanish «three-year liberal period» (1820-1823), reforms that also affected the Church were introduced. This paper studies the point of view of the Roman Curia regarding those reforms. We will examine the attitudes of the Curia cardinals involved in Spanish affairs and of the members of the «Particular Congregation for Ecclesiastical Affairs in Spain». In the Spain of this period the Holy See faced a very distant political world, towards which it adopted not a rigid policy, but instead followed moderation and searched for appeasement. The same policy can be found at the beginning of the pontificate of Pius VII towards revolutionary France. A theological reading of political events emerges and dominates in both cases. Once again, Rome takes political decisions based on theological, especially ecclesiological, paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]