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2. Technological Change as Historical Process: The Case of the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry, 1915-1940.
- Author
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Cohen, Avi J.
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,HISTORY of the paper industry - Abstract
Chronicles technological changes in the pulp and paper industry in the United States between 1915 and 1940. Patterns of changes that have been identified; Presentation of a theoretical framework for induced innovation.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PAPERS AT THE SEVEN ACADEMIC FINANCE ASSOCIATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.
- Author
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Petry, Glenn H. and Fuller, Russell J.
- Subjects
MEMBERSHIP in associations, institutions, etc. ,SCHOLARLY publishing ,RESEARCH ,HUMAN geography ,REGIONALISM ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the geographic distribution of research papers submitted within the academic finance associations of the United States in the 1970s. The seven U.S. financial associations are identified and characterized by regional- or national-based status. Questions are raised regarding the legitimacy of such divisions, exploring the regional origins and influences of their participating members. It is suggested that the membership of all associations are broadly diverse and therefore are all national in character.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. COMMENT: BRUEGGMAN-PEISER AND NOLAND PAPERS.
- Author
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Smith, Lawrence B.
- Subjects
RENTAL housing ,HOME ownership ,CRITICISM ,CHOICE (Psychology) ,TAXATION - Abstract
The article presents a comment on the article "Housing Choice and Relative Tenure Prices," by William B. Brueggeman and Richard B. Peiser, published in the November 1979 issue of the "Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis." The author takes issue with the fact that the authors overlooked the more interesting and difficult implications of their work, such as why a bias for home ownership exists, are markets imperfect and what is the length of lag time in adjustment, what impact does taxation have on the bias, what is the impact of changing prices and expectation on the bias and adjustment process, and what are the consequences of joint investment-consumption aspects of ownership.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention-Leveraging the Synergy: A Position Paper Update.
- Author
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Manning ML, Septimus EJ, Ashley ESD, Cosgrove SE, Fakih MG, Schweon SJ, Myers FE, and Moody JA
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Professional Role, Quality Improvement organization & administration, United States epidemiology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Antimicrobial Stewardship methods, Antimicrobial Stewardship organization & administration, Antimicrobial Stewardship standards, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection prevention & control, Epidemiologists, Infection Control methods, Infection Control organization & administration, Infection Control Practitioners
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Paramedic Application of a Triage Sieve: A Paper-Based Exercise.
- Author
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Cuttance G, Dansie K, and Rayner T
- Subjects
- Adult, Disaster Planning methods, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, United States, Young Adult, Decision Making, Education, Continuing, Triage
- Abstract
Introduction Triage is the systematic prioritization of casualties when there is an imbalance between the needs of these casualties and resource availability. The triage sieve is a recognized process for prioritizing casualties for treatment during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs). While the application of a triage sieve generally is well-accepted, the measurement of its accuracy has been somewhat limited. Obtaining reliable measures for triage sieve accuracy rates is viewed as a necessity for future development in this area., Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate how theoretical knowledge acquisition and the practical application of an aide-memoir impacted triage sieve accuracy rates., Method: Two hundred and ninety-two paramedics were allocated randomly to one of four separate sub-groups, a non-intervention control group, and three intervention groups, which involved them receiving either an educational review session and/or an aide-memoir. Participants were asked to triage sieve 20 casualties using a previously trialed questionnaire., Results: The study showed the non-intervention control group had a correct accuracy rate of 47%, a similar proportion of casualties found to be under-triaged (37%), but a significantly lower number of casualties were over-triaged (16%). The provision of either an educational review or aide-memoir significantly increased the correct triage sieve accuracy rate to 77% and 90%, respectively. Participants who received both the educational review and aide-memoir had an overall accuracy rate of 89%. Over-triaged rates were found not to differ significantly across any of the study groups., Conclusion: This study supports the use of an aide-memoir for maximizing MCI triage accuracy rates. A "just-in-time" educational refresher provided comparable benefits, however its practical application to the MCI setting has significant operational limitations. In addition, this study provides some guidance on triage sieve accuracy rate measures that can be applied to define acceptable performance of a triage sieve during a MCI. Cuttance G , Dansie K , Rayner T . Paramedic application of a triage sieve: a paper-based exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):3-13.
- Published
- 2017
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7. State-Issued Currency and the Ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
- Author
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Schweitzer, Mary M.
- Subjects
MONETARY policy ,PAPER money ,MONEY supply ,LAW - Abstract
Discusses the relationship between state-issued currency and the ratification of the United States Constitution. Significance of paper money on the economic policies of the colonial legislatures; Role of the constitution on the regulation of money; Importance of state paper money on the money supply of the colonies in the 1700s.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An evaluation of palliative care contents in national dementia strategies in reference to the European Association for Palliative Care white paper.
- Author
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Nakanishi M, Nakashima T, Shindo Y, Miyamoto Y, Gove D, Radbruch L, and van der Steen JT
- Subjects
- Europe, Humans, Internationality, Japan, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Reference Values, Republic of Korea, United States, Dementia nursing, Palliative Care standards, Terminal Care standards
- Abstract
Background: Dementia involves a progressive decline in many functional areas. Policy and practice guidelines should cover the entire course of the disease from early detection to the end-of-life. The present study aimed to evaluate the contents of national dementia strategies with a focus on palliative care content., Methods: We employed qualitative content analyses. Sixteen national dementia strategies from 14 countries were reviewed. Using open coding, the contents were compared to the domains and recommendations of the palliative care in dementia white paper of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC)., Results: Although palliative care was not explicitly referred to in eight of the 14 countries and only to a limited extent in three countries, a number of domains from the EAPC white paper were well represented, including "person-centered care, communication, and shared decision making"; "continuity of care"; and "family care and involvement." Three countries that referred to palliative care did so explicitly, with two domains being well represented: "education of the health care team"; and "societal and ethical issues." The strategies all lacked reference to the domain of "prognostication and timely recognition of dying" and to spiritual caregiving., Conclusions: National dementia strategies cover part of the recent definition of palliative care in dementia, although they do not frequently label these references as "palliative care." In view of the growing numbers of people dying with dementia, preparation for the last phase of life should be added to national strategies.
- Published
- 2015
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9. Winner of the SLS Annual Conference Best Paper Prize 2013.
- Author
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Wardhaugh, Bruce
- Subjects
- *
COLLECTIVE action , *ACTIONS & defenses (Law) , *HUMAN rights , *CLASS actions ,EUROPEAN law - Abstract
The European desire to ensure that bearers of EU rights are adequately compensated for any infringement of these rights, particularly in cases where the harm is widely diffused, and perhaps not even noticed by those affected by it, collides with another desire: to avoid the perceived excesses of an American-style system of class actions. The excesses of these American class actions are in European discourse presented as a sort of bogeyman, which is a source of irrational fear, often presented by parental or other authority figures. But when looked at critically, the bogeyman disappears. In this paper, I examine the European (and UK) proposals for collective action. I compare them to the American regime. The flaws and purported excesses of the American regime, I argue, are exaggerated. A close, objective examination of the American regime shows this. I conclude that it is not the mythical bogeyman of a US class action that is the barrier to effective collective redress; rather, the barriers to effective, wide-ranging group actions lie within European legal culture and traditions, particularly those mandating individual control over litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Paper standard gamble: a paper-based measure of standard gamble utility for current health.
- Author
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Ross PL, Littenberg B, Fearn P, Scardino PT, Karakiewicz PI, and Kattan MW
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms physiopathology, Prostatic Neoplasms therapy, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Prostatic Neoplasms psychology, Quality of Life, Sickness Impact Profile, Value of Life
- Abstract
Objectives: To develop and validate a paper-based instrument that is simple to administer and produces a reliable estimate of patient standard gamble (SG) utilities for current health status., Methods: A 1-page paper questionnaire instrument, paper standard gamble (PSG), was designed to estimate SG utilities. We performed two studies to assess the validity of PSG. First we compared PSG and SG utilities for current health in patients with prostate cancer. They randomly received either PSG followed by SG or vice versa, always with an intervening SF-12. In the second validity study, we assessed the test-retest reliability of PSG by administering it to prostate cancer patients twice, at least 2 weeks apart., Results: In the first study, utilities were assessed in 64 men (32 per SG/PSG order group). A paired-comparison t test suggested no difference between SG and PSG (mean difference = -0.007; 95% confidence interval (Cl), -0.022 to 0.008). The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% Cl, 0.79 to 0.99). In the second study, test and retest PSGs were available for 184 patients. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% Cl, 0.73 to 0.94)., Conclusions: These data suggest that PSG may serve as a reliable substitute for SG when current health utility is of interest. PSG may have particular advantages for acquisition of health-related quality-of-life data in longitudinal studies.
- Published
- 2003
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11. Clinical preventive services for adolescents: position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.
- Author
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English A, Ford CA, and Santelli JS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Health Policy, Health Services Needs and Demand, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Minors legislation & jurisprudence, Parental Consent legislation & jurisprudence, Societies, Medical, United States, Vaccines economics, Vaccines supply & distribution, Adolescent Health Services legislation & jurisprudence, Health Services Accessibility, Preventive Health Services legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The importance of the Phuket papers.
- Author
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Birnbaum ML
- Subjects
- Congresses as Topic, Humans, United States, World Health Organization, Disaster Planning, Disasters, Rescue Work
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Preliminary evidence that gonadal hormones organize and activate disordered eatingParts of this paper were presented at the Academy for Eating Disorders Conference, Denver, CO, in May 2003 and the New York Academy of Sciences Meeting, New York, NY, in September 2003.
- Author
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KELLY L. KLUMP, KYLE L. GOBROGGE, PATRICK S. PERKINS, DAVID THORNE, CHERYL L. SISK, and S. MARC BREEDLOVE
- Subjects
- *
EATING disorders , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *TESTOSTERONE , *SEX hormones - Abstract
Objective. Eating disorders are more common in females than in males. Gender differences may be due to organizational (i.e. prenatal) and activational (i.e. post-natal) gonadal hormone effects that influence sex differences in behavior. This preliminary set of studies examined these effects by investigating relationships between eating disorder symptoms, prenatal testosterone exposure, and adult levels of estrogen in women.Method. We examined organizational associations by investigating relationships between disordered eating and finger-length ratios, which are known to be somatic markers of prenatal testosterone exposure. Participants included 113 adult female twins drawn from the community. Disordered eating was assessed with the total score from the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS). Finger lengths were hand scored using a ruler and photocopies of both hands. We also investigated activational influences by examining associations between circulating levels of estradiol and disordered eating symptoms. Two independent samples of adult females (n's=24 and 25) drawn from the community were used for this study. Disordered eating was again assessed with the MEBS total score, while saliva samples were used for assessing estradiol.Results. Positive associations were found between disordered eating and both finger-length ratios and circulating estradiol levels.Conclusions. Findings suggest that lower levels of prenatal testosterone exposure and higher adult levels of estradiol are associated with increased eating disorder symptoms. We hypothesize that the relatively low level of testosterone before birth in females permits their brains to respond to estrogens at puberty, when the hormones activate the genes contributing to disordered eating in vulnerable girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Position paper: the HIV-infected healthcare worker. The Association for Practitioners in Infection Control; The Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America.
- Subjects
- Disclosure, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, United States, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV-1, Health Occupations, Organizational Policy, Societies, Medical organization & administration
- Published
- 1990
15. Colonial New Jersey's provincial fiscal structure, 1704–1775: spending obligations, revenue sources, and tax burdens during peace and war.
- Author
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Grubb, Farley
- Subjects
LETTERS of credit ,INTEREST income ,LAND banks ,PAPER money ,PROPERTY tax ,NEW Jersey state history ,HISTORY - Abstract
I reconstitute the spending obligations and revenue sources of colonial New Jersey's provincial government for the years 1704 through 1775 from primary sources using forensic accounting techniques. I identify and analyze the methods for raising revenue to meet normal peacetime and emergency wartime expenses. I calculate the provincial tax burdens imposed on New Jersey's citizens. I identify how Britain interfered with New Jersey's fiscal structure. I estimate what the revenues and tax burdens would have been without this interference. New Jersey paid for war expenses by issuing bills of credit, spreading the tax burden of redeeming these bills into the future. New Jersey paid its yearly administrative costs with current property taxes and with current interest earnings from loaning paper money. In the absence of British interference and wars, New Jersey could have driven tax burdens to zero by using interest earnings to pay for all its provincial administrative costs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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16. The Continental Dollar: How Much Was Really Issued?
- Author
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Grubb, Farley
- Subjects
REVOLUTIONS ,AMERICAN Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 ,ECONOMICS of war ,BUDGET laws ,PAPER money ,MONEY ,FINANCE ,HISTORY - Abstract
The article discusses the exact amount of the money issued by the United States Congress for the financing of the American Revolution. During the revolution, Congress released paper money otherwise called Continental dollars to finance its expenditures. Past literatures have claimed the exact amount spent but they left behind unclear and conflicting estimates. The article traces back the transactions that took place from the enactment to disbursement of the dollars. The article presents supporting tables on estimates and cumulative total net emissions of the continental dollars.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Redemption theories and the value of American colonial paper money.
- Author
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Michener, Ron
- Subjects
NEGOTIABLE instruments ,COLONIAL United States, ca. 1600-1775 ,PURCHASING power ,MONETARY policy ,HISTORY - Abstract
Before the Revolution American colonies issued paper money known as ‘bills of credit’. The bills issued in the Middle colonies held their value surprisingly well despite large wartime fluctuations in the quantity issued, but those issued in New England depreciated as the quantity in circulation increased. The bills' stable purchasing power in the Middle colonies has often been attributed to the redemption provisions enacted when the bills were issued. Similar provisions in New England supposedly failed because New England failed to enforce them. This article explores the comparative enforcement of redemption provisions in the two regions, and in New York in particular, and concludes that differential enforcement does not explain the disparity between the New England experience and that in the Middle colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. Consensus paper on the surveillance of surgical wound infections. The Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America; The Association for Practitioners in Infection Control; The Centers for Disease Control; The Surgical Infection Society.
- Subjects
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Humans, Patient Discharge, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Surgical Wound Infection diagnosis, Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control, Time Factors, United States epidemiology, Hospitals standards, Infection Control standards, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology
- Abstract
A Surgical Wound Infection (SWI) Task Force was convened by The Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (SHEA) to evaluate how SWI surveillance should be done and to identify where more information is needed. The Task Force reached consensus in the following areas. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions of SWI should be used for routine surveillance because of their current widespread acceptance and reproducibility. The CDC definitions have been clarified in an accompanying article ("Report From the CDC"). Direct observation of wounds and traditional infection control surveillance techniques are acceptable methods of case finding for hospitalized patients. The optimal method for case finding postdischarge or after outpatient surgery is unknown at this time. SWI rates should be stratified by surgical wound class plus a measure of patient susceptibility to infection, such as the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, and duration of surgery. Surgeon-specific SWI rates should be calculated and reported to individual surgeons.
- Published
- 1992
19. Articulating a foreign language sequence through content: A look at the culture standardsThis is a revised version of a paper presented within the lecture series National Standards and Instructional Strategies for Foreign Language Teaching, held at the Language Institute of the University of WisconsinâMadison, 19 October 2006.
- Author
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Heidi Byrnes
- Subjects
FOREIGN language education ,EDUCATIONAL standards ,LANGUAGE & culture ,LANGUAGE & education - Abstract
Curricular articulation and the integration of cultural knowledge with language development over extended sequences are among the most persistent challenges for contemporary language teaching and learning. The paper examines the nature of those challenges in light of theories of language and culture while using as the site of investigation the culture standards that have been developed within the framework of the Standards for Foreign Language Learning, a key document for L2 education in the United States, particularly at the K-12 level. Taking four perspectives, it suggests ways in which simultaneous content and language teaching might be tackled through a genre-based way of constructing extended curricula and by using genre-based tasks for informing pedagogical decisions. In this fashion, learners might be able to progress toward a competent cultural literacy that is language-based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 1790-1860.
- Author
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Sylla, Richard, Legler, John B., and Wallis, John J.
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,PUBLIC finance ,PAPER money ,U.S. states - Abstract
Explores how the banks chartered by states in the United States (U.S.) provide a source of flexibility in state public finance following the decision of the U.S. Constitution to remove the states' power to issue paper money. Role of investment earnings and tax revenues derived from banks in state public finance; Importance of state-bank relationships to public finance.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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21. State Taxes and Reserve Requirements as Major Determinants of Yield Spreads among Money Market Instruments.
- Author
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Fabozzi, Frank J. and Thurston, Thom B.
- Subjects
MONEY market ,TREASURY bills ,STATE taxation ,REVENUE management ,BANKING industry ,SPREAD (Finance) ,TAXATION - Abstract
Empirical studies and much marketplace opinion have it that the spread between private money market rates and the U.S. Treasury bill rate of comparable maturity is due to differential default risk, liquidity risk, and relative supplies. This paper presents an argument and empirical evidence that the bulk of the systematic and medium-term differential between privates rates---in this case, domestic CDs, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, and Eurodollar CDs---and the T-bill rate is due to the exemption of interest on Treasury securities from state and local taxation. In the case of Eurodollar CDs, the additional and major systematic factor explaining the spread (visa vis T-bills) is the exemption of Eurodollar CDs from the Federal Reserve's "tax" via reserve requirements. An empirical section confirms the role of standard default risk, liquidity risk, and market "absorption" variables in determining short-term deviations from tax-adjusted parity. The tax-adjusted parity condition, however, remains the major systematic and medium-term determinant---certainly more important than has been suggested previously in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A Literature Review on the Impact of Wildfires on Emergency Departments: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness.
- Author
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Skinner, Richard, Luther, Matt, Hertelendy, Attila J., Khorram-Manesh, Amir, Sørensen, Jarle, Goniewicz, Krzysztof, and Ranse, Jamie
- Subjects
DATABASES ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DISASTERS - Abstract
Introduction: Global climate change (global warming) has been identified as the primary factor responsible for the observed increase in frequency and severity of wildfires (also known as bushfires in some countries) throughout the majority of the world's vegetated environments. This trend is predicted to continue, causing significant adverse health effects to nearby residential populations and placing a potential strain on local emergency departments (EDs).Study Objective: The aim of this literature review was to identify papers relating to wildfires and their impact on EDs, specifically patient presentation characteristics, resource utilization, and patient outcomes.Method: This integrative literature review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for data collection, and Whittemore and Knafl's framework for data analysis. Data were collected from OvidSP, MEDLINE, DARE, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Various Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords identified papers relevant to wildfires/bushfires and EDs.Results: Literature regarding the relationship between ED presentations and wildfire events, however, is primarily limited to studies from the United States and Australia and indicates particulate matter (PM) is principally linked to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Observable trends in the literature principally included a significant increase in respiratory presentations, primarily with a lag of one to two days from the initial event. Respiratory and cardiovascular studies that stratified results by age indicated individuals under five, over 65, or those with pre-existing conditions formed the majority of ED presentations.Conclusion: Key learnings from this review included the need for effective and targeted community advisory programs/procedures, prior to and during wildfire events, as well as pre-event planning, development, and robust resilience strategies for EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Opposition Advantage: Islamist Opposition Parties and Security Cooperation.
- Author
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Munir, Syed Rashid
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL security ,MUSLIMS ,ISLAMISTS ,MILITARY assistance - Abstract
This paper highlights the impact of religious oppositions in Muslim-majority states towards security cooperation with the U.S. Such cooperation provides security but is risky as the U.S. can coerce its weaker allies and push for regime change. To protect against this possibility, this paper suggests that incumbents in recipient states strategically extend or limit cooperation based on the strength of Islamist opposition parties. Weaker Islamist oppositions pose a threat to incumbents in recipient states as the U.S. can coerce and replace them without fear of bringing anti-U.S. elements to power, which results in lower cooperation. In case of a stronger Islamist opposition, the regime's replacement cannot offer better policy concessions to the U.S.; hence, a strong Islamist opposition leads to more extensive cooperation. This mechanism is demonstrated through U.S. military aid acceptance in 40 Muslim-majority states during 2002–2015, and a comparison of U.S. security relations with Algeria and Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Discussion of Papers by Sylla and Hughes.
- Author
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Cochran, Thomas C.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC history ,UNITED States economy ,PRIVATE banks ,BANKING industry ,HISTORY - Abstract
Comments on articles about economic and business history in the United States. Details of private banking; Views on capital accumulation.
- Published
- 1976
25. Comment on Paper by Sylla.
- Author
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Davis, Lance E.
- Subjects
PRIVATE banks ,ECONOMIC history ,BANKING industry ,BANKERS - Abstract
Comments on an article about private banking in the United States. Discussion on the work of economist Herman Kross; Details of economic history; Perception on the role of private bankers.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Les échelles de la monnaie: Souveraineté monétaire et spatialisation de la politique américaine après la guerre de Sécession.
- Author
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Barreyre, Nicolas
- Subjects
MONETARY policy ,CURRENCY convertibility ,UNITED States politics & government, 1865-1900 ,PAPER money ,BIMETALLISM ,NINETEENTH century ,HISTORY ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. COMMENT: EDELSTEIN AND POLLAIN PAPERS.
- Author
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Kaufman, George G.
- Subjects
HOUSING policy ,CRITICISM ,HOUSING ,ELASTICITY (Economics) ,ECONOMIC demand ,HOME prices ,TAXATION - Abstract
The article presents commentary on two articles, "An Appraisal of Residential Property Tax Regressivity," by Robert H. Edelstein and "A Study of the Demand for Housing by Low Versus High Income Households," by James R. Follain, published in the November 1979 issue of the "Journal of Financial and Qualitative Analysis." The author discusses the commonalities of the two articles: they both address income elasticity of housing and U.S. housing policy. The author breaks down the two discussions and how they inform housing policy as it relates to income elasticity of housing, property tax administration, and the housing demand equation.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Lost companions: a new quill mite species and its possible coextinction with the Carolina parakeet.
- Author
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Skoracki, Maciej, Unsöld, Markus, Patan, Milena, and Sikora, Bozena
- Subjects
BUDGERIGAR ,SPECIES ,PARROTS ,MITES ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,TWENTIETH century ,ACARIFORMES ,PARASITES - Abstract
Investigations of the parasites associated with extinct avian species provide unique insights into the ecology and evolution of both hosts and their parasitic counterparts. In the present paper, a new quill mite species, Peristerophila conuropsis sp. n., belonging to the family Syringophilidae (Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) is described from the Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis Linnaeus (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae). This new species was collected from museum dry skin of the Carolina parakeet, the only native representative of the Psittacidae in the United States, which was an abundant resident of the southeastern and midwestern states and has been extinct in the beginning of the 20th century. Comment on the current taxonomic state and host associations of the genus Peristerophila are provided. Based on the host associations and habitats occupied by Peristerophila and related genera on parrots, it is hypothesized with the high probability that P. conuropsis has been extinct along with its host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Deposit-Lending Synergies: Evidence from Chinese Students at U.S. Universities.
- Author
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Yang, Jun
- Subjects
BANK deposits ,CHINESE students in foreign countries ,COLLEGE students ,BANK loans ,CONSUMER credit ,SMALL business loans ,SECOND lien loans ,MORTGAGE loans ,BOND market - Abstract
This paper exploits an influx of Chinese students to U.S. universities from 2000 through 2018 to study synergies between banks' deposit-taking and lending activities. Banks that are more recognizable by Chinese students experience higher deposit inflows and increase their local credit supply. This credit supply expansion only occurs in information-sensitive credit markets: small business loans and second lien mortgages. Such increase concentrates in nontradable sectors and is more pronounced at locations where managers have more autonomy. The results indicate that deposits from local consumers convey private information about the local credit market, which helps banks in information-sensitive lending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Comment on Paper by Ball and Walton.
- Author
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Menard, Russel
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL productivity ,INCOME inequality ,AGRICULTURE ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Comments on an article about the agricultural productivity of Pennsylvania in 18th century. Discussion on economic development; Details of income distribution; Performance of the agriculture sector in the state.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Politicization of COVID-19 and Anti-Asian Racism in the United States: An Experimental Approach.
- Author
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Kim, D.G.
- Subjects
ANTI-Asian racism ,RACISM ,RACIAL & ethnic attitudes ,PUBLIC opinion ,COVID-19 ,RACE discrimination - Abstract
The deadly outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has accompanied a worldwide surge in anti-Asian hate crimes and racial violence. In this paper, I experimentally assess the downstream effects of the health crisis on the racial attitudes of the American public. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to different messages about COVID-19 and its association with China and answered a battery of racial attitude questions, including a new measure of anti-Asian racial resentment. Across all outcome measures, I find null effects for both treatment messages, which suggests that racialized views toward Asians may be stable individual-level dispositions that have shaped American responses to the pandemic. Findings from this study have important implications for research on the far-reaching societal and political consequences of the pandemic in the United States and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Holiday Effects and Stock Returns: Further Evidence.
- Author
-
Chan-Wung Kim and Park, Jinwoo
- Subjects
HOLIDAYS ,STOCKS (Finance) ,FORECASTING ,STOCK exchanges ,RATE of return ,FINANCIAL performance ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper provides further evidence of the holiday effect in stock returns and additional insight into the effect. This paper reports abnormally high returns on the trading day before holidays in all three of the major stock markets in the U.S.: the NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ. The holiday effect is also present in the U.K. and Japanese stock markets, even though each country has different holidays and institutional arrangements. This study finds that the holiday effects in the U.K. and Japanese stock markets are independent of the holiday effect in the U.S. stock market. Unlike the other seasonal patterns in stock returns, such as January and weekend effects, this investigation of size decile portfolios shows that the size effect is not present in mean returns on preholidays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Nation Women's Engagement and Resistance in the Muhammad Speaks Newspaper.
- Author
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GIBSON, DAWN-MARIE
- Subjects
MUSLIM women ,NEWSPAPERS ,WOMEN journalists ,WOMEN'S roles ,ACTIVISM ,TWENTIETH century ,RELIGION ,HISTORY - Abstract
This paper examines Nation women's engagement and resistance in the Muhammad Speaks (MS) newspaper. MS was created as the official publication of Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam (NOI) in 1960. The paper employed women as journalists and invited contributions from women who had registered with the group. Women's contributions to the paper's production and content reveal their readings of NOI mandates but they equally illuminate a gentle resistance to aspects of the organization. Elijah Muhammad's NOI implemented gender roles for men and women within the organization that were often inflexible. Women embraced the organization's gender roles and found ways to navigate the patriarchal dimensions of the movement. This paper argues that a careful analysis of women's writings for the MS newspaper reveals facets of their activism that have been overlooked in existing scholarly studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Disclosure versus recognition: the value relevance of pensions.
- Author
-
Larcher, Luca
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING standards ,FINANCIAL statements standards ,INVESTORS ,PENSION trusts ,FINANCIAL statements ,PENSIONS - Abstract
This paper compares how pension obligations impact the market value of United States corporations under two accounting regimes. Using a sample of firms that disclosed pension liabilities under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 87 from 2001 to 2005 and recognized them under SFAS No. 158 from 2006 to 2014, I find that equity market participants take into account the net position of the pension fund only if it is recognized on the sponsor's balance sheet, thus mispricing the pension deficit/surplus under the disclosure regime. I also provide evidence suggesting that investors' perception of pension deficits/surpluses changed with the introduction of SFAS No. 158 in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Comment on Paper by Easterlin.
- Author
-
Bogue, Allan G.
- Subjects
POPULATION history ,FARMS ,LAND settlement - Abstract
Comments on an article about the pattern of population growth in farm areas of northern United States. Discussion on population history; Application of cross-sectional analysis; Details of farm settlements.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. On the Legal Status of Human Cerebral Organoids: Lessons from Animal Law.
- Author
-
Jowitt, Joshua
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL welfare laws , *BRAIN , *ETHICS , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *TISSUES , *COURTS , *BIOETHICS - Abstract
This paper will ask whether the legal status presently afforded to nonhuman animals ought to influence regulatory debates concerning human cerebral organoids. The New York Courts recently refused to grant a writ of habeas corpus to Happy the Elephant as she was property rather than a legal person while at the same time accepting that she is a moral patient deserving of rights protection. An undesirable situation has therefore arisen in which the law holds a being with moral status to be incapable of benefitting from legal redress due to their legal status as property. The author argues that this is something that we ought to avoid when designing the regulatory framework which will govern the use of human cerebral organoids. Yet, a difference exists in that, whereas the judges already accept Happy is a moral patient, there is presently no consensus around the moral status of organoids. This paper will consider whether human cerebral organoids have passed the moral threshold of sentience. If they have, or are close to doing so, regulators ought to consider their legal status in advance so as to ensure that adequate limitations are placed on this usage so as to avoid unethical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A systematic review of the determinants of seafood consumption.
- Author
-
Govzman, S., Looby, S., Wang, X., Butler, F., Gibney, E. R., and Timon, C. M.
- Subjects
FOOD habits ,ONLINE information services ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CONSUMER attitudes ,FOOD preferences ,SEAFOOD ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Although seafood is considered to be an important part of a balanced diet, many national food consumption surveys suggest that seafood is not consumed in sufficient amounts. As consumers are moving to diversify their diet from animal-based protein, it is important to understand the factors influencing consumption of marine foods. This review aims to assess the characteristics of seafood consumers as well as the influences on seafood consumption in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant journal articles from three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase). Three searches were carried out and identified 4405 unique publications from which 121 met the criteria for the review process. The reviewed studies revealed that seafood consumers were more likely to be older, more affluent and more physically active and were less likely to smoke compared with non-seafood consumers. Sex and BMI did not appear to have a directional association with seafood consumption. The most commonly reported barriers to seafood consumption were cost, followed by sensory or physical barriers, health and nutritional beliefs, habits, availability and cooking skills. The most commonly reported influences were beliefs about the contribution of seafood to health, environmental influences and personal preferences. Based on the findings of this review, future intervention strategies to increase seafood consumption may need to consider affordability and education in terms of health, nutrition and cooking skills. More research is needed to explore the effectiveness of specific interventions at increasing the consumption of seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Building the Judiciary: Law, Courts, and the Politics of Institutional Development. By Justin Crowe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. 328p. $80.00 cloth, $35.00 paper.
- Author
-
Popova, Maria
- Subjects
COURTS ,POLITICAL science ,FEDERAL courts - Abstract
Justin Crowe has written an accessible, thorough, and compelling history of the institutional development of the US Supreme Court and the federal judiciary it sits atop, from their inconspicuous inception in February 1790 to their current status as, perhaps, the most powerful judiciary in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. AMERICAN HANDEL SOCIETY FESTIVAL PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, 6–9 APRIL 2017.
- Author
-
VARKA, NATASSA
- Subjects
FESTIVALS - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Crompton Closing: Imports and the Decline of America's Oldest Textile Company.
- Author
-
MINCHIN, TIMOTHY J.
- Subjects
TEXTILE industry ,CLOTHING industry ,MANUFACTURED products ,TEXTILE exports & imports ,TRADE regulation policy ,INDUSTRIAL laws & legislation ,BUSINESS failures ,ECONOMIC globalization ,HISTORY ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This article explores the demise of the Crompton Company, which filed for bankruptcy in October 1984, causing 2,450 workers in five states to lose their jobs. Crompton was founded in 1807 in Providence, Rhode Island and when it went out of business it was the oldest textile firm in the country, having been in continuous operation for 178 years. Despite its history, scholars have overlooked Crompton, partly because most work on deindustrialization has concentrated on heavy manufacturing industries, especially steel and automobiles. I argue that Crompton's demise throws much light on the broader decline of the American textile and apparel industry, which has lost over two million jobs since the mid-1970s, and shows that textiles deserve a more central place in the literature. Using company papers, this study shows that imports played the central role in causing Crompton's decline, although there were also other problems, including the strong dollar, declining exports, and a reluctance to diversify, which contributed to it. The paper also explores broader trends, including the earlier flight of the industry from New England to the South and the industry's unsuccessful campaign to pass import-restriction legislation, a fight in which Crompton's managers were very involved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The founders of the association for the study of nationalities: the case of Stepan Horak (1920–1986) and the Shevchenko Scientific Society, USA.
- Author
-
Rudnytzky, Leonid
- Subjects
- *
SCIENCE associations , *ETHNIC groups , *STUDY & teaching of nationalism , *SCHOLARLY method - Abstract
The present article critically evaluates the contribution of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, USA, and the founder of the Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN), Stepan Horak, to the genesis and development of the ASN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Colonial Monetary Standards Contrasted: Evidence from the Seven Years' War.
- Author
-
Wicker, Elmus
- Subjects
MONETARY policy -- History ,FRENCH & Indian War, 1754-1763 ,SEVEN Years' War, 1756-1763 ,WAR finance - Abstract
Presents a comparison of the colonial monetary policy during the Seven Years' War. Effect of the standards used by states to finance the war; Factors to be attributed to the success of war finance in Pennsylvania, New York and South Carolina.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Geographical Indications: Some thoughts on the practice of the US Patent and Trademark Office and TRIPs.
- Author
-
O'CONNOR, BERNARD
- Subjects
PATENTS ,AGREEMENT on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) ,INTELLECTUAL property ,TRADEMARKS - Abstract
This section is intended for occasional contributions from on-the-ground practitioners. Our hope is that the definition of this category of paper will inspire practitioners to submit notes and articles – typically in the range of 2,000 to 10,000 words – to the World Trade Review. As with all notes and articles submitted to the World Trade Review, manuscripts in this category will be reviewed by independent referees. However, the focus is intended to be practice oriented and at least one of the two referees will be a fellow practitioner. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. COMMENT: ISSUE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT IN U.S. MULTINATIONALS.
- Author
-
Kwan, Cheukuen
- Subjects
FOREIGN exchange ,FOREIGN exchange rate risk ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,INDUSTRIAL management - Abstract
The article reports on foreign exchange rates with commentary on the paper, "Issue of Foreign Exchange Management in U.S. Multinationals" by Rita Rodriguez. Rodriguez examines decision making in foreign exchange management through defining foreign exchange risk, the attitudes of management towards foreign exchange risk, and the finance function. Around 50 different multinational corporations in the U.S. were surveyed and interviewed during the research for the paper.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The transition to a monetary union in the United States, 1787–1795.
- Author
-
RICHARD SYLLA
- Subjects
U.S. dollar ,MONEY ,MONETARY unions ,CURRENCY question ,HISTORY of finance - Abstract
A convertible US-dollar monetary union was the least controversial component of the US financial revolution of the early 1790s. Although the fiat paper currencies of the colonies before 1776 sometimes worked reasonably well, the founders had good reasons for the constitutional ban on their continuance by US states. The ban, a surrender of states' sovereignty over money, at the time proved to be relatively uncontroversial for two reasons. One is that the financial revolution lightened the fiscal burdens of states by assuming their debts and making them part of the national debt. The other is that states quickly learned that chartering banks could accomplish virtually all of the legitimate purposes of state fiat money issues, and possessed additional economic and political advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Privatizing Financial Protection: Regulatory Feedback and the Politics of Financial Reform.
- Author
-
SORELLE, MALLORY E.
- Subjects
CONSUMER credit ,CREDIT control ,WELFARE state ,FINANCIAL security ,CONSUMER protection - Abstract
Consumer credit is a crucial source of financial support for most Americans—part of what scholars dub the "credit-welfare state." Yet, borrowers have been reluctant to take political action to demand better consumer financial protection, even as subprime lending proliferates. This paper articulates a broad theory of regulatory feedback effects, proposing specific mechanisms through which regulatory policy making shapes consumers' politics. Drawing on the case of consumer financial protection, I argue that consumer credit regulations produce feedback effects that diminish political engagement by encouraging borrowers to blame and subsequently target market actors—including financial institutions and consumers themselves—for both systemic and individual problems with predatory lending. I analyze an original policy dataset, original survey of 1,500 borrowers, and two survey experiments to test this hypothesis. I find that borrowers' experiences with credit regulation diminish their political engagement, even for reforms they support, limiting the prospects for safeguarding Americans' financial security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Critical Analysis of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization and the Consequences of Fetal Personhood.
- Author
-
Manninen, Bertha Alvarez
- Subjects
ABORTION laws ,ABORTION in the United States ,MEDICAL laws ,ETHICS ,WOMEN'S rights ,ABORTION ,COURTS ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,PHILOSOPHY ,WOMEN'S health services - Abstract
In this paper, I will examine the Supreme Court of the United States' (SCOTUS) arguments in the majority decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, and I will show how some of those arguments are flawed. Primarily, I will show that the right to bodily autonomy is a well-established right, both in the courts and in societal practices, and that the right to an abortion should be understood as an example of the right to bodily autonomy or bodily integrity. Second, I will examine the justices' arguments that viability is not a reasonable place to restrict abortion access, in contrast to both Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey , and will offer arguments that defend viability as a valid point to limit abortion access. Third, I will highlight some politicians' goals to enact a federal ban on abortion, and show how the attempt to pass Personhood Amendments is a pathway for doing so. The upshot of this essay to is show how the SCOTUS decision is flawed, and how granting personhood to "potential life" has consequences that extend beyond abortion access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Religion or Race? Using Intersectionality to Examine the Role of Muslim Identity and Evaluations on Belonging in the United States.
- Author
-
d'Urso, Amanda Sahar and Bonilla, Tabitha
- Subjects
RACIAL & ethnic attitudes ,RACE ,MUSLIM Americans ,MUSLIM identity ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,GREEN cards ,RELIGIONS - Abstract
How do White Americans evaluate the politics of belonging in the United States across different ethnoreligious identity categories? This paper examines this question through two competing frameworks. On the one hand, given the salience of anti-Muslim attitudes in the United States, we consider whether White Americans penalize Muslim immigrants to the United States regardless of their ethnoracial background. On the other hand, Muslim identity is often conflated by the general public with Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) ethnoracial identity. We argue MENA-Muslim identity should be understood through the lens of intersectionality. In this case, White Americans may penalize MENA-Muslims immigrants to the United States more than Muslims from other ethnoracial groups. We test these two frameworks through a conjoint experimental design wherein respondents are asked to evaluate immigrants and indicate to whom the United States should give a green card—signaling legal belonging—and how likely the immigrant is to assimilate into America—signaling cultural belonging. Although White Americans believe White Muslims may assimilate better to the United States relative to MENA-Muslims, race does not moderate how White Americans evaluate who should be allowed to belong in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comment on Paper by Lebergott.
- Author
-
Soltow, Lee
- Subjects
EQUALITY & economics ,WEALTH ,INCOME inequality ,RICH people ,PERSONAL finance - Abstract
Comments on an article about wealth inequality in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries. Discussion on income distribution; Intergenerational wealth rankings in the country; Criteria on the aggregate wealth of rich families.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. From the Editors: Dos and Dont's.
- Subjects
JOURNALISM ,COMPOSITION (Language arts) ,GUIDELINES ,WRITING processes ,AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
The article offers tips on the dos and don'ts in submitting papers to a journal in the U.S. It states that one must read and follow the guidelines set by the journal and must follow the standard academic English. It emphasizes that one must not follow submissions by continuously sending different versions of the paper.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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