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While video games can be helpful in personal development, participating in certain gaming activities may lead to negative effects such as video game addiction. The overuse of computer games, which can lead to reduced quality of life and affect a person's practical skills. Around 3% of adolescents suffer from Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), there is currently no universally accepted psychometric method. The AICA-S scale was applied to results from 3,901 respondents aged between 11 and 19. During the 2017/2018 school year, a battery of questionnaires in "pen and paper" form was administered to students at primary schools and secondary schools. The respondents were selected from all the regions of the Czech Republic through a random stratified selection to ensure that the respondents were an accurate representation of students across the Czech Republic. The results were obtained using statistical methods such as ANOVA, chi-square tests and t-tests. These results affirm the psychometric quality of AICA-S and note the prevalence of IGD among Czech adolescents. Based on our results, 0.8% of our respondents fulfilled the criteria for an IGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of contraceptive methods is influenced by their effectiveness, availability, and minimal side effects. OCPs are one of the most effective and widely used methods of pregnancy prevention worldwide. This method not only prevents pregnancy but also helps prevent and treat other diseases. One of the main reasons for discontinuing this method is the emotional disturbances associated with its use. Lavender is an evergreen, fragrant plant that has gained significant attention for its anti-anxiety effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lavender essential oil capsules on mood disorders during the use of COCs. Methods: This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 60 married women (aged 15–49 years old) who were consumers of COCs, referring to 26 health centers in Tabriz, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention (consuming one gelatin capsule containing 80 mg LEO daily) or control (consuming one placebo capsule daily) group. The intervention continued for 56 days. Scores for positive and negative were determined using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire; and for stress, depression, and anxiety were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire on day's 28th and 56th post-intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the t-test and ANOVA with repeated measures, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in mood disorders, stress, and depression between women receiving LEO or placebo. The consumption of LEO increased the positive mood on day 28 [MD (95% CI): 4.5 (2.1 to 7.0), p = 0.001] and day 56 [5.9 (3.4 to 8.3), p < 0.001] while decreased the negative mood on day 28 [MD (95% CI): -3.5 (-5.3 to -1.3), p < 0.001] and day 56 [-4.3 (-6.3 to -2.2), p < 0.001], stress on day 28 [MD (95% CI): -4.9 (-7.1 to -2.8), p = 0.001] and day 56 [-5.3 (-7.6 to -3.1), p < 0. 001], and depression on day 28 [MD (95% CI): -3.0 (-4.9 to 1.1), p = 0.003] and day 56 [-3.1 (-5.0 to 1.2), p = 0.002]. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety. Conclusions: The consumption of LEO with COCs improved mood disorders and reduced stress and depression. The use of hormonal contraceptives and mood changes should be considered by providers. Therefore, regarding the possibility of mood changes, it is expected that appropriate counseling and education will be provided to women who consume COC., providing appropriate solutions, including the simultaneous use of LEO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Previous studies have shown that Rheum ribes (R. ribes) could be effective in controlling the blood glucose levels. This study was conducted to determine the effects of R. ribes supplementation on glycemic indices and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In the present randomized double-blind controlled trial, 60 type 2 diabetic patients aged 30–60 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 20–30 kg/m2 and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6–8% were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 450 mg of aqueous R. ribes extract (AG), 450 mg of ethanolic R. ribes extract (EG), or placebo (PG) three times daily for 6 weeks. At the baseline and at the end of the study, blood glucose levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-B), as well as apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured. Results: There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of insulin in AG and EG groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively), HOMA-IR (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively), HOMA-B (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively), ApoB (P = 0.006 and P = 0.03, respectively), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (P = 0.016 and P = 0.04, respectively). However, a significant increase in ApoA1 (P = 0.08 and P = 0.05, respectively) with no significant changes in blood glucose, at the end of study compared to beginning values, were observed. None of the variables showed a significant change in PG. At the end of the study; while there were significant differences in insulin (P = 0.04), HOMA-IR (P = 0.03), HOMA-B (P = 0.01), ApoB (P = 0.02), and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (P = 0.03) among the groups but ApoA1 had no significant change. Conclusion: Consumption of R. ribes intake could have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and apolipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients. (Registered at en.irct.ir, identification number: IRCT201410142709N31). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of antenatal care is important in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. Mobile phones have demonstrated an increase in the use of antenatal care services. However, few studies have indicated the effectiveness of health education on antenatal care via mobile phone calls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education on antenatal care provided through mobile phone calls among pregnant women in Kisii County, Kenya. A total of 160 pregnant women up to 26 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study from 16 sub-county health facilities (clusters) in Kisii County. The women were enrolled in their first visit and followed up until delivery. The sub-county health facilities were randomly assigned to either intervention or control arms. The intervention involved giving health education on antenatal care through mobile phone calls. All the participants in both study arms received routine antenatal care. However, those enrolled in the intervention sites additionally received health education through mobile phone calls. The primary outcome measure was antenatal care knowledge scores. Baseline and end-of-study questionnaires were used to collect data. Women in the intervention group scored highly in antenatal care knowledge post-intervention as compared to those in the control group, 7.87 (SE of the difference = 0.68, p-value < 0.001, 95% CI (6.53-9.20). Health education delivered through mobile phone calls has great potential in improving antenatal care knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No evidence exists for the lowest effective dose of magnesium on menstrual pain. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of two different doses of magnesium on pain intensity and menstrual blood loss in students with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Sixty dysmenorrhea patients were randomly assigned to one of two therapeutic groups and one placebo group (receiving one tablet a day of 300 or 150 mg magnesium sulphate or placebo from the 15th cycle day until no pain existed on the following cycle). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Hjgham collected data for two cycles before and two cycles after the intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. Findings: No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Both intervention groups outperformed the placebo group in terms of pain intensity (adjusted differences of -2.9, 95% confidence intervals of -3.3 to -2.4 and -1.9, -2.4 to -1.5, respectively) and menstrual bleeding (-20.0, -26.0 to -14.0, and -13.0, -19.0 to -7.0, respectively), as well as the secondary outcome, i.e. rest duration and ibuprofen consumption. In terms of pain alleviation and menstrual bleeding, participants in the 300 mg magnesium group outperformed those in the 150 mg magnesium group. No significant difference was observed between intervention groups regarding secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Both magnesium levels are useful in alleviating pain and reducing menstrual bleeding, although 300 mg of magnesium was more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home clutter can adversely affect work performance, health and well‐being. Clinical‐level hoarding disorders usually manifest during early adolescence, so early detection and prevention of subclinical hoarding tendencies are essential. This study aimed to evaluate a community‐based programme for individuals with poor organising and decluttering skills who volunteered to receive education on how to organise their homes. We conducted an open‐label randomised controlled trial beginning in January 2016 in Tokyo. We enrolled 61 volunteers aged 12–55 years with problems with organising and decluttering. A workshop and home visit group (n = 30) attended four workshop sessions on organising skills and received a visit from a home organiser. The home visit only group (n = 31) only received the home organiser visit. The primary outcome was Saving Inventory‐Revised (SI‐R; Japanese version) scores. The secondary outcomes were Clutter Image Rating Scale and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (Japanese version) scores. Between‐group changes from baseline to 7 months were analysed using a general linear model. At follow‐up, the SI‐R scores of both groups had improved. The mean change from baseline in SI‐R scores was −20.8 (standard deviation = 9.8) and −13.1 (standard deviation = 14.3) in the workshop and home visit and home visit only groups, respectively. The estimated between‐group difference in SI‐R score changes from baseline (adjusted for baseline SI‐R score) was non‐significant at −5.7 (95% confidence interval, −12.4 to 0.9; p =.089). However, the difference was significant in the univariate model: −7.2 (95% confidence interval, −13.7 to −0.8; p =.029). Although both groups improved, after adjusting for baseline values and participant characteristics, there was no significant difference between the groups. Our results suggest that a workshop‐style educational intervention and assistance and advice from professional organisers may help to improve the living conditions of people with hoarding tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To find suggestions for a future definitive randomized control trial and examine the effects of physical exercise on neurocognition in schizophrenia. Design and Methods: Patients hospitalized with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to exercise (n = 5) or control (n = 17) groups. The experimental group performed an exercise regimen for 8 weeks. Following intervention, demographics, psychiatric symptoms, and neurocognitive functions were examined. Findings: The patients in the control and exercise groups, 14 and 4, respectively, showed significant differences in hospitalization duration and negative symptoms. After controlling both, neurocognition improved in the exercise group compared with the control group. Practice Implications: Mild‐intensity physical exercise improves global neurocognition in schizophrenic inpatients and could lead to earlier release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week multicomponent treatment based on pain neuroscience education, therapeutic exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness—in addition to treatment as usual—compared with treatment as usual only in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved a total of 272 patients who were randomly assigned to either multicomponent treatment (n = 135) or treatment as usual (n = 137). The multicomponent treatment (2-hour weekly sessions) was delivered in groups of 20 participants. Treatment as usual was mainly based on pharmacological treatment according to the predominant symptoms. Data on functional impairment using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire as the primary outcome were collected as were data for pain, fatigue, kinesiophobia, physical function, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (secondary outcomes) at baseline, 12 weeks, and, for the multicomponent group only, 6 and 9 months. An intention-to-treat approach was used to analyze between-group differences. Baseline differences between responders (>20% Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire reduction) and nonresponders also were analyzed, and the number needed to treat was computed. Results: At posttreatment, significant between-group differences with a large effect size (Cohen d > 0.80) in favor of the multicomponent treatment were found in functional impairment, pain, kinesiophobia, and physical function, whereas differences with a moderate size effect (Cohen d > 0.50 and <0.80) were found in fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Nonresponders scored higher on depressive symptoms than responders at baseline. The number needed to treat was 2 (95% CI = 1.7–2.3). Conclusion: Compared with usual care, there was evidence of short-term (up to 3 months) positive effects of the multicomponent treatment for fibromyalgia. Some methodological shortcomings (eg, absence of follow-up in the control group and monitoring of treatment adherence, potential research allegiance) preclude robust conclusions regarding the proposed multicomponent program. Impact: Despite some methodological shortcomings in the design of this study, the multicomponent therapy FIBROWALK can be considered a novel and effective treatment for patients with fibromyalgia. Physical therapists should detect patients with clinically relevant depression levels prior to treatment because depression can buffer treatment effects. Lay Summary: Fibromyalgia is prevalent and can be expensive to treat. This multicomponent treatment could significantly improve the core symptoms of fibromyalgia compared with usual treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The favorable benefit-risk profile of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) makes them a preferred treatment for pain relief in soft tissue injuries. Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel etofenamate 70-mg medicated plaster in patients with acute uncomplicated ankle sprain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Patients with grade 1 or 2 ankle sprain of recent onset were randomized to etofenamate or placebo plasters (1:1) applied twice daily for 7 days. Clinical assessments, including ankle pain on movement (POM) in mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), were made at predefined intervals during the treatment period. Results: In total, 156 male or female adult patients (mean age, 35.3 ± 11.8 years) were enrolled. The fall in VAS values for POM from baseline to 72 hours was markedly in favor of the etofenamate plaster, with respective reductions of 52.7% and 24.0% for active and placebo plasters (least squares mean treatment difference, 22.1 mm; P value for analysis of covariance <.0001). Similar clinically relevant differences between etofenamate and placebo were seen for POM at the 48-, 96-, and 168-hour visits (P <.0001). These differences between etofenamate and placebo plasters were reflected in area under the curve for POM, pain at rest, and ankle swelling measured at various time points during the 7 days. Time taken to achieve a meaningful (30%) and optimal (50%) reduction of POM was significantly shorter in the etofenamate group. The responder rate (proportion of patients with at least 50% pain reduction at 72 hours) was 52.5% for the etofenamate plaster and 7.7% for the placebo. A significantly greater proportion of patients randomized to etofenamate rated their progress and/or the treatment as "good" or "very good." The medicated plasters adhered well over the 12-hour dosing period and were very well-tolerated. Conclusion: With respect to the investigated indication, uncomplicated ankle sprain, the etofenamate plaster has therapeutic efficacy that is similar to that for the best available topical NSAID formulations. Registration: 2016-000252-99 (EudraCT number). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]