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Appropriate paper-based technology (APT) is used to provide postural support for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-resourced settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of APT on the children's and families' lives. A convenience sample of children with CP and their families participated. Inclusion was based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. APT seating or standing frames were provided for six months. A mixed methods impact of APT devices on the children and families included the Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating (FIATS-AS); the Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) questionnaire; and a qualitative assessment from diary/log and semi-structured interviews. Ten children (median 3 years, range 9 months to 7 years). Baseline to follow-up median (IQR) FIATS-AS were: 22.7 (9.3) and 30.3 (10.2), respectively (p=.002). Similarly mean (SD) CEDL scores for "frequency" changed from 30.5 (13.2) to 42.08 (5.96) (p=.021) and children's enjoyment scores from 2.23 (0.93) to 2.91 (0.79) (p=.019). CEDL questionnaire for self-care was not discriminatory; seven families scored zero at both baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews revealed three key findings; that APT improved functional ability, involvement/interaction in daily-life situations, and a reduced family burden of care. APT devices used in Kenyan children with non-ambulant CP had a meaningful positive effect on both the children's and their families' lives. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a low cost and sustainable solution to make seating and standing devices for disabled children in Kenya. The regular use of a postural support device enhanced the children's motor skills, ability to function and participate in everyday activities, reduced the burden of care for the families and promoted the children's social interaction. The postural support devices were highly valued and utilised by the children and families in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive technologies have allowed people with disabilities to perform daily tasks with greater independence and autonomy, especially for visually impaired people. Using smart home solutions allows these users to control their homes with less cognitive and physical demand. However, making such applications accessible to meet the needs of visually impaired users, especially in developing countries, remains a challenge. This paper investigates the perceptions of these users about home automation technologies through semi-structured interviews. A total of 20 visually impaired people participated in the interviews. A thematic analysis revealed results concerning the following themes: (1) how people go about their lives at home and around, how people interact with current appliances, objects and environments, (3) how people perceive their attitude to technologies, (4) the Brazilian context of smart homes, (5) what people think smart homes should do and (6) envisaging ways of interacting with smart home systems. The results obtained provide significant insight into the needs of visually-impaired people in Brazil, with analysis of issues that are common with previous studies in more developed countries and specific issues that have important particularities and implications in Brazil and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who hear voices that others do not often rely on mainstream mental health services. Several alternatives to treatment have grown in popularity including "Hearing Voices Groups" and other self-help groups for voice hearers. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the current evidence relating to the use of Hearing Voices Groups (HVGs) and other self-help groups for voice hearers, and identify the benefits felt by those attending such groups. The following databases were searched for relevant academic articles: CINAHL; APA PsycArticles; APA PsycInfo; Social Sciences; SocINDEX; UK & Ireland Reference Centre and Medline, with 13 papers identified for inclusion. Participants reported several benefits of attending a HVG/self-help group, which reduced isolation, improved social and coping skills, and gave them a better understanding of the meaning and context of their voices. The groups also provide hope for the future and act as a catalyst for recovery. These study findings suggest that voice hearers find some benefits from attending HVGs/self-help groups. Evidence indicates that voice hearers can live meaningful lives and continue to hear voices once context and meaning to their voices become clear. HVGs/self-help groups provide a vital service to voice hearers, which they felt was not available within mainstream mental health services. If mental health providers gained a better understanding of the HVN, they may be able to integrate the values and ethos of the HVN into groups for voice hearers within mainstream mental health services or signpost voice hearers to these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recently, the call for chaplains to become 'research literate' has been recognized by various scholars as well as by practitioners in the field. However, papers that present and discuss the study design and provide guidance on the methodology of chaplaincy research are scarce. The aim of this study is to present the design of a mixed-methods study that investigates the impact of a spiritual care intervention on patients' spiritual wellbeing in palliative, home-based care. It reports on the steps needed to conduct such a study in chaplaincy care, and describes and discusses the study's research design, intervention, participants, sampling strategy, patient and public involvement, procedure, ethical considerations, data collection, and analysis. Presenting and discussing such a design is not only useful for researchers before conducting their study, in order to create transparency, but also for chaplains to improve their knowledge on research methodology and research literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present and discuss partial findings of a thematic analysis on the experiences of 13 licensed clinicians who integrate Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in couple therapy. We cover five of the seven themes that emerged from the data. These themes refer to practical factors of implementation, such as identifying and assessing the conditions necessary for effective integration, risks of integrating, and timing of integration in couple therapy. One additional theme refers to the institutional and training factors that might hinder model integration. After presenting the findings, we contrast them with available literature. We conclude by discussing clinical and research implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes attorney's attitudes towards substance use, offenders with drug problems and referral for treatment in Nigeria. It is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted among 70 attorneys in Benin City, Nigeria. Participants drawn by both convenience sampling and snowballing approach filled a paper questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, questions on drug dependence and the law relating to it, and the modified substance use scale. A greater proportion of the attorney (69.4%) correctly identified that intoxication can be used as a defence in a criminal charge while fewer (10.0%) opined dependence was a medical (psychiatric) problem. The majority (85.7%) opined that cannabis should not be legalized and viewed alcohol as dangerous and destructive to the youth of a country if not controlled by law (84.3%). Though few (16.2%) believed that medical intervention alone will suffice for drug addiction, many (84.3%) opined that the best way to treat alcohol or drug-dependent people is to refer them to a good treatment program. Nigerian Lawyers demonstrated a mixture of negative/positive attitudes towards drug users and correct/incorrect knowledge on the law regulating drug-related offence. While drug education of legal professionals is recommended, recognition of the potential roles played in treatment referral should be reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the lack of validated assessment tools to detect past physical or sexual abuse, the current study examines to what extent the experience of either sexual or physical abuse is reflected in self-figure drawings of adolescents at-risk. A convenience sample consists of 93 adolescents at risk between the ages of 12–17 recruited from Welfare institutes divided into three groups: Group 1 included adolescents who experienced sexual abuse, Group 2 included adolescents who experienced physical abuse but not sexual abuse, Group 3 included adolescents who experienced neither sexual abuse nor physical abuse. A self-report anonymous questionnaire that consisted of demographics, traumatic events questionnaire, and the Medical Somatic Dissociation Questionnaire (MSDQ) was administered following Ethical approval and signing of consent forms. Participants were asked to draw themselves on an A4 sheet of paper using a pencil. Five social workers who were unaware of participants' experiences assessed the drawings independently for the level of obviousness of the following indicators: face line, eyes, nose, ears, hair stand, forehead, lower body, arms, and hands. Results yielded differences in pictorial indicators (nose, hair stand, lower body) among the groups. MSDQ score was found significantly higher among sexually abused victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates EFL teachers' perceptions, challenges, and practices of reflective teaching in the provincial directorate of the Moroccan Ministry of Education in Tata. A mixed methods research design was adopted, with 42 EFL teachers participating in the study. The data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and the analysis of three official Moroccan documents. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The findings revealed that the EFL teachers perceive reflective teaching as a tool for professional growth and informed teaching practices, but face personal challenges related to schools, and the Moroccan Ministry of Education. The study highlights the value of reflective teaching and identifies the challenges that need to be overcome especially lack of interpersonal skills, heavy workload, and absence of institutional programs. It also reveals that keeping journals and holding discussions with EFL teachers are among the preferred practices of reflective teaching in the provincial directorate of the Moroccan Ministry of Education in Tata. The study has direct implications for policy makers and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the teacher candidates' perceptions of ways a process-based reflective teacher training course-especially those focused on bumpy moments in the classroom, through situational role plays, video reflections, and scenarios- could assist them in their reflective and caring practices. In this regard, a sample of 45 pre-service teacher candidates enrolled at a teacher education university in Iran partook in the study and filled in the reflective and caring practices questionnaire before and after the treatment. Moreover, three teacher candidates were offered to keep reflective journals about the procedure based on their observations. Furthermore, pre- and post-phase interview was conducted with 15 participants. The results of this study revealed that the participants across all three intervention groups experienced improvement as a result of engaging in the teacher training course. The scenario group had the highest mean, followed by the video group; the role play group showed the least amount of improvement in reflective questionnaire mean score of all the treatment groups. The implication is that the process-oriented reflective teacher training course through situational role-play, video-based reflection, and scenario-based reflection can make teacher candidates more cautious about the caring and reflective aspects of their teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. Methods. The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries – the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's α and the test–retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results. In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's α coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. Conclusion. The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic caused universities worldwide, including those in Sweden, to adopt online distance learning as the primary teaching approach. However, there is limited research on how larger environmental changes affect university students' occupational balance. In this study, 15 university students were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest that the students had to take more responsibility for maintaining their occupational balance, as the pandemic and shift to online learning limited their social and physical environment and altered their daily activities and routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19, many people try to protect themselves against the virus by self-quarantining. Spiritual wellbeing improves the quality of life and helps people in hardships. This web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 362 Iranian residents, in 2020. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. During the COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual well-being and quality of life were at medium levels in families. There is a positive relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life, and a number of factors that affect them. It is necessary to design, implement and evaluate interventions considering these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal depression affects approximately 10% to 15% of women. Guidelines recommend supporting women to make informed treatment decisions; however, minimal evidence exists regarding this decision-making process. This study aimed to develop a constructivist grounded theory of prenatal antidepressant treatment decision-making. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively sampled women from the community or specialty clinics (N = 31). Iterative data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, and member checking supported model sufficiency. In the Creating Comfort in Choice theory that we developed, participants were highly conscious of societal stigma toward mental illness and prenatal medication use, so fear, anxiety, and guilt dominated decision-making. Participants navigated dynamically among three clusters of decision-making activities: seeking information, making sense of information, and self-soothing. "Seeking information" included internal and external processes. In "making sense of information," participants appraised available evidence. In "self-soothing," participants engaged in coping strategies to try to alleviate painful emotions. The Creating Comfort in Choice theory can support patient-oriented decision-making regarding prenatal mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based, interdisciplinary, medication education intervention for rural older adults. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design. Self-efficacy, adherence to refills and medication, and knowledge were examined. An educational intervention was conducted with each participant on their prescribed medications. Mean scores for the adherence to refills and medication subscale decreased from 9.9 to 8.5 (p =.003) indicating improved adherence. Mean scores for the knowledge subscale increased from 21.8 to 22.4 (p =.192). Results suggest a community-based, interdisciplinary, individualized medication education intervention could increase medication adherence in rural older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music-Oriented Parent Counseling (MOPC) is a clinical way to work with parents, using musical improvisations and listening. This study examined effects of MOPC on level of stress, quality of life perception and daily use of music by the parents of autistic children. Fourteen parents of young autistic children received either three MOPC sessions (n = 7) or ten MOPC sessions (n = 7), parallel to either music therapy (MT) or standard care for their children. Change in parental stress, parents' perception on children's and families' quality of life and the daily use of music (routine and joint music activities) were measured with standardized assessments and parent interviews. Descriptive and inferential parametric statistics were conducted, as well as thematic analysis. We found little change and no significant effect on parental stress. Children's quality of life showed improvement with but not without MT and a tendency towards a larger improvement with high-intensity than low-intensity MOPC. Family quality of life showed less change but a somewhat larger improvement in high-intensity than low-intensity MOPC. Routine music activities increased in high-intensity MOPC but decreased in low-intensity MOPC; joint music activities showed less change but a similar trend. Qualitative analysis of the interviews suggested that parents participating in high-intensity MOPC felt less stressed, perceived improved quality of life, and increased music use. Findings provide preliminary support for high-intensity MOPC to help parents of autistic children increase children's and families' quality of life and music use. More research is needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship Education is currently interpreted as a multidimensional education, even Citizenship Education includes various disciplines related to citizenship issues. One of the actual citizenship problems is about environmental damage, because it is a problem experienced by all nations in the world. This study aimed to develop an instrument to measure students' attitudes related to students' ecological citizenship behavior as one of the outputs of Citizenship Education course in middle school. This study was using development method (R&D) which included several stages, namely preliminary research, development research, effectiveness measurement, and dissemination. The results of the expert assessment of the content and content validation test stated that the digital citizenship-based political participation instrument was assessed according to the CVI 1 (Relevant) value, while the broad-scale analysis of the questionnaire items was obtained with valid results of 26 questionnaire items with reliability value of 0.98. This study found that the instrument was relevant to measure civics learning outcomes in the form of students' ability to apply attitudes in accordance with the value of ecological citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autobiographical reasoning is a process by which an individual creates a coherent life account. The degree of coherence in autobiographical reasoning has been related to psychological health correlates such as depression and self-esteem in previous studies, but with inconsistent findings. Similarly, the basic psychological processes required to achieve coherence have been previously studied with regard to intelligence, but infrequently, and also with mixed findings. In the present study, we first developed and evaluated a German version of the Awareness of Narrative Identity Questionnaire (ANIQ) as an established measure of self-reported coherence. Second, we tested for cognitive dependencies on intelligence and memory indices. Third, we analysed its associations with psychological health correlates. We assessed a sample of 272 participants and thereof 189 participants again two-weeks later. Results supported the assumptions of the German ANIQ's psychometric qualities (factor structure, test-retest reliability, invariance) and validity (with regard to self-consciousness, self-concept clarity, and written accounts of personal turning points). We found coherence to be independent of intelligence and verbal memory, but partially dependent on figural memory. Coherence was related to depression, positivity, self-esteem, and self-esteem stability, but not to anxiety, substantiating its salutogenic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lebanon's October 2019 uprising brought to the forefront women's rights, to the extent that various groups and media called it a women's uprising. This study questions the accuracy of media's portrayal of the protests as a women's uprising by investigating women's participation in the uprising. It analyzes data from a survey of media uses and participation in the protests and discusses feminist activists' observations regarding this media narrative. Findings revealed that men and women largely followed and trusted the same media platforms, and both were equally interested in the protests, but slightly more men than women participated in street protests. However, feminist activists relay a different picture of the uprising and its outcomes as related to women's rights. Overall, the media portrayal, while not entirely inaccurate, is problematic and does not transparently reflect the unfair reality of Lebanese women's subjugation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood trauma has long been implicated in the development of anorexia nervosa and is known to impact more women than men. Still, less is known about the meaning women attribute to food and bodily practices and how they contribute to feminine subjectivity. In this article, we examine the subjective experiences of women with histories of childhood abuse and anorexia and women who did not develop an eating disorder. Through a visual narrative analysis of eight body maps and narratives, we identified five themes: "time and the body have a way of showing what matters," "femininity and family," "sexual subjectivities and food meanings," "voices, dissociation, and sexual subjectivities," and "religion and healthism." In women with anorexia, specific eating and bodily practices reconstructed the traumatic events to align with the available cultural discourses related to health, religion, and family and had implications for their feminine and sexual subjectivities and self-worth. This research showcased how arts-based methodologies add value and advance knowledge about the role of culturally available representations in the development of anorexia and has implications for therapy and prevention of anorexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the impact of assistive technology on the well-being of legally blind adults. In this mixed-method study, a convenience sample of 86 legally blind adults took an electronic survey. The questionnaire was comprised of demographics, use patterns, and an instrument called TENS-Interface that measured the impact of technology on well-being categories of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Descriptive statistics, reliability, power analysis and bivariate correlations were calculated using SPSS statistical software. Three participants completed follow up semi-structured interviews, which were analysed for themes of technological mediation using NVivo 12 software. The TENS-Interface was validated for use with a legally blind population. Descriptive statistics showed a higher mean for autonomy than competence or relatedness. Braille was positively correlated to both autonomy and competence, while screen reader proficiency was related to competence. Daily use of social media, email, instant messaging, and video calls were correlated to relatedness. The technological devices used by interview participants were analysed for technological mediation. Training was identified as an additional theme. Recommendations for practice include providing training to legally blind adults in screen reader use and braille use to support well-being via competence and autonomy. Training is also recommended for this population in the use of social media, email, and video calls to promote well-being through opportunities for relatedness. Further research is recommended to explore instructional methods that are not only efficient, but also meaningful for older adults in the position of losing their vision. Providing access to braille instruction and braille assistive technology equipment can promote legally blind adults' well-being by supporting their basic needs for both competence and autonomy. Providing training in screen reader use can promote legally blind adults' well-being by supporting their basic need for competence. Providing training in use of email, social media, video calls, and instant messaging can promote legally blind adults' well-being by supporting their basic need for relatedness. A consideration of technological mediation can allow practitioners to make recommendations that take into account not only efficient task completion, but issues related to meaning and social context. Instruction for adults losing their vision adventitiously needs to address not only efficient task performance, but also meaning and social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' collaborative inquiry is a process of learning through which teams of teachers evaluate and analyze their teaching practice, and reflective practice contributes to teachers' professionalism. The present descriptive survey study aimed to investigate the role of collaborative inquiry in Iranian EFL teachers' reflective teaching and whether teaching experience (novice and experienced teachers) affects collaborative inquiry and reflective teaching. For this purpose, 185 Iranian female and male language institute EFL teachers were randomly selected and responded to the survey instruments. The data were collected by the Survey of Reflective Practice and Collaborative Inquiry Survey and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation. The findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pedagogical reflection and collaborative inquiry and a significant negative correlation between critical reflection and collaborative inquiry. Furthermore, novice teachers obtained higher scores in pedagogical reflection whilst their experienced counterparts were more critically reflective. The present study findings contribute to further uncovering the links between reflective teaching practices and collaborative inquiry of EFL teachers. Therefore, school principals can design collaborative learning experiences, especially for novice teachers, to foster reflection. Furthermore, teachers should regard collaboration as a self-growth opportunity and help their colleagues develop and improve their teaching practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation into dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal hypersensitivity after whiplash is limited, offering minimal insight into specific features and impact. This study aimed to explore these symptoms. A qualitative interpretive description design was used. Eleven participants with chronic Whiplash Associated Disorder and self-reported swallowing, voice and/or throat-related problems completed baseline symptom questionnaires and were offered a videofluroscopic swallow study to investigate baseline swallowing biomechanics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore features of swallowing, voice and laryngeal sensory complaints and analysed using thematic analysis. There were high baseline levels of self-reported neck, pain- and throat-related disability and psychological distress. There was no evidence of baseline deficits in swallow biomechanics. Thematic analysis revealed 5 themes: (1) A range of features of dysphagia and dysphonia exist after whiplash with varied clinical course; (2) Activity and participation in swallow and voice activities have changed; (3) There are psychological and emotional impacts; (4) Features of laryngeal hypersensitivity co-exist and (5) There are barriers to management. Swallow, voice and laryngeal sensory problems after whiplash were described, with impacts on quality of life and barriers to management. These insights broaden understanding of post-whiplash sequalae, indicating the need for better detection. Dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal hypersensitivity are under-recognised consequences of whiplash. Individuals presenting with dysphagia, dysphonia and laryngeal sensory symptoms after whiplash experience significant implications to wellbeing, activity and participation. Improved understanding of these symptoms may facilitate better detection and subsequent referral to speech-language pathology. Greater understanding into the functional and psychosocial implications of these symptoms may guide more effective post-whiplash assessments and informed rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Saudi version of the Cyberchondria CSS-12 (short form). A convenience sample of (434) university student's were selected to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cyberchondria severity scale CSS-12. M-PLUS 7 and SPSS were used to analyze data. Cronbach's alpha, divergent validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted as well. The CSS-12 showed acceptable validity and reliability among the Saudi sample. The CSS-12 had positive and significant correlations with health anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This blinded study evaluated the relative efficacy of three hypnosis sessions in 60 patients with chronic nociplastic pain allocated randomly to one of two conditions: hypnosis with analgesic suggestions, or hypnosis with nonspecific suggestions. Pain intensity, pain quality, and pain interference as outcome measures were assessed before and after treatment. A mixed-design analysis of the variance model showed no significant differences between groups. According to the adjusted model, large effect size improvements in pain intensity and pain quality emerged for both conditions but were only meaningful for patients not taking pain medications. Analgesic suggestions may not play a primary role in beneficial outcomes of hypnosis at the beginning of chronic pain management since both interventions demonstrated similar positive effects. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of the hypnosis components over longer treatment periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the benefits of the Ida Institute's Why improve my hearing? Telecare Tool used before the initial hearing assessment appointment. A prospective, single-blind randomised clinical trial with two arms: (i) Why improve my hearing? Telecare Tool intervention, and (ii) standard care control. Adults with hearing loss were recruited from two Audiology Services within the United Kingdom's publicly-funded National Health Service. Of 461 individuals assessed for eligibility, 57 were eligible to participate. Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-efficacy for Hearing Aids (primary outcome) scores did not differ between groups from baseline to post-assessment (Mean change [Δ]= −2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]= −6.70, 2.15, p=.307) and 10-weeks follow-up (Mean Δ= −2.69; 95% CI= −9.52, 4.15, p =.434). However, Short Form Patient Activation Measure scores significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group from baseline to post-assessment (Mean Δ= −6.06, 95% CI= −11.31, −0.82, p =.024, ES=.61) and 10-weeks follow-up (Mean Δ= −9.87, 95% CI= −15.34, −4.40, p =.001, ES= −.97). This study demonstrates that while a patient-centred telecare intervention completed before management decisions may not improve an individual's self-efficacy to manage their hearing loss, it can lead to improvements in readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (LDCDQ) is a parental questionnaire designed to identify preschool children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the LDCDQ for French European informants (Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-French European [LDCDQ-FE]) and to undertake a pilot examination of its psychometric properties on a French sample. A thorough process of cultural adaptation was completed. The psychometric properties were examined with a sample of 154 French children aged to 5y11m (control = 121; clinically referred = 33). A sub-group of 34 children was assessed using the MABC-2 to measure convergent validity. Principal component analysis demonstrated a four-component structure, accounting for 67.5% of the variance. Internal consistency was acceptable to good (α = 0.74–0.89). Significant correlation between the LDCDQ-FE and the MABC-2 total scores showed convergent validity. Discriminant validity was supported by significant score differences between the clinically referred and a matched control sub-group. Using ROC curves, a cutoff of 67 was proposed for a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 77.8%. Results show initial evidence of the psychometric properties of the LDCDQ-FE and are encouraging of its use to identify young preschoolers at risk for DCD. In future studies, the test-retest reliability should be investigated, and study sample sizes expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to measure learning gains during an ICT training intervention in first-year students completing a four-year undergraduate nursing degree. Methodology: This study adopted a quasi-experimental, one group pre-test and post-test design. The intervention effectiveness was measured using individual single-student normalised gains, g; class average normalised gain, 〈g〉; and average single-student normalised gain, g(ave). Results: In this study, the class average normalised gains, 〈g〉 ranged from 34.4% to 58.2%, and the average of single student normalised gains, g(ave) ranged from 32.4% to 50.7%. The overall class average normalised gain 〈g〉 was 44.8%, and the average of the single student normalised gain was 44.5%, with 68% of students having a normalised gain of 30% and above, indicating that the intervention was effective. Conclusion: Similar interventions and measurements are recommended to all health professional students during their first academic year to pave a foundation for ICT usage for academic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responses to a life-changing event can be different. The study aimed to determine the effect of counseling on coping strategies among women facing unplanned pregnancy. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 unplanned pregnant women with a gestational age <10 weeks, who scored ≥ 15 in the avoidance pattern of Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NU-PCI). The participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Three counseling sessions were held for the intervention group. Data were gathered using questionnaires of the women's perceptions of unplanned pregnancy, decision-making style and strategies, NU-PCI, and the checklist for the type of decision. Independent t-tests, ANCOVA, and Chi-square were used. After intervention, the mean score of the avoidance pattern in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group [AMD: - 4.35, 95% CI: -8.7 to -0.13, P=0.03]. In addition, the continuation rate of pregnancy in the intervention group, 28 subjects (80%), was significantly higher than that in the control group, 21 (60%) (P = 0.03). The counseling leads to a decrease in the use of avoidance strategies among women facing unplanned pregnancies. Development of supportive interventions for women experiencing unplanned pregnancies is recommended specially in societies with induced abortion restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

': Digital native' has been a buzzword within the last decade particularly in educational research. Learners born after the 1980s are presumed somehow different just because they were born in a digital world. Although scholars have labelled these young generations as digital natives or millennials as a homogenous construct, the questions of how and for what purpose(s) these younger generations use these newer technologies remain unresolved. Acknowledging the abundance of literature documenting adults' viewing their younger ones different throughout history, this study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic level variables, paternal and maternal education level, household income, and their internet use frequency and purposes. Data were gathered from 327 undergraduate students, born between 1997 and 2000, enrolled at a Turkey state university. Findings indicate that maternal and paternal education levels significantly influence the internet use duration of the younger generation, yet observe no significant effect on household income. The results also reveal significant differences in participants' internet use for academic and a variety of non-academic purposes concerning socioeconomic status variables. Overall, simply being born into a technological world does not make the younger generation a monolithic group of tech-savvy individuals as their adults assume them to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this cross-sectional survey was to examine the quality of life and level of burden experienced by mothers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (n = 199). Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBIS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instruments. A simple descriptive analysis was conducted, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to determine the correlation among variables. Most respondents (68.9%) reported moderate to severe burden on the ZBIS. Across age groups, statistically significant, negative correlations were found between burden and physical health (r = −0.371, p < 0.001), social relationships (r = −0.389, p < 0.001), psychological health (r = −0.445, p < 0.001) and environment (r = −0.438, p < 0.001). Mothers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes reported an inverse relationship between burden and quality of life influenced by the occupation of caregiving. Occupational therapy practitioners can address strategies to reduce caregiver burden and improve mothers' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) suffer from cueing, item quality and factual knowledge testing. This study presents a novel multimodal test containing alternative item types in a computer-based assessment (CBA) format, designated as Proxy-CBA. The Proxy-CBA was compared to a standard MCQ-CBA, regarding validity, reliability, standard error of measurement, and cognitive load, using a quasi-experimental crossover design. Biomedical students were randomized into two groups to sit a 65-item formative exam starting with the MCQ-CBA followed by the Proxy-CBA (group 1, n = 38), or the reverse (group 2, n = 35). Subsequently, a questionnaire on perceived cognitive load was taken, answered by 71 participants. Both CBA formats were analyzed according to parameters of the Classical Test Theory and the Rasch model. Compared to the MCQ-CBA, the Proxy-CBA had lower raw scores (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.276), higher reliability estimates (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.498), lower SEM estimates (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.807), and lower theta ability scores (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.288). The questionnaire revealed no significant differences between both CBA tests regarding perceived cognitive load. Compared to the MCQ-CBA, the Proxy-CBA showed increased reliability and a higher degree of validity with similar cognitive load, suggesting its utility as an alternative assessment format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally teachers are mandated by law to report suspected child sexual abuse (CSA). The Teachers' Reporting Questionnaire (TRQ) was constructed to assess teachers' intentions to report CSA suspicions in Australia. The current research examines the development of the Teacher Reporting Questionnaire for South African foundation phase educators (TRQ-SA) and provides an evaluation of the TRQ-SA as a survey instrument for utilization in other studies. The TRQ-SA is a self-administered survey instrument used in a cross-sectional quantitative study that investigated teacher reporting intentions using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A stratified random sample of 399 teachers from the eight school districts in the Western Cape province of South Africa was achieved. Before the TRQ-SA was developed, a qualitative elicitation study was conducted. Once developed, the questionnaire was pre-tested before the quantitative central study survey was administered. Cronbach's alpha was used to indicate reliability of scales, where a minimum α coefficient of.7 is considered acceptable. In the quantitative survey, the TRQ-SA had the following results: α =.74 was achieved for the attitude towards reporting scale, α =.78 for the subjective norm scale, α =.74 for the perceived behavioral control scale and α =.79 for the intention to report scale. The TRQ-SA achieved good internal consistency for all its TPB scales. The TRQ-SA is a valid and reliable survey instrument which could be used "as is" or amended in similar settings and countries testing the TPB in their own contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ongoing controversy about women's sexuality and the existence of different orgasms. The debate is tilted toward anatomical and physiological evidence, which often leaves subjective experiences out of the picture. The aim of the current mixed-methods study was to capture women's accounts of their experiences of orgasmic states. As part of a larger online survey, 513 women (M = 25.89 years, SD = 5.60) from a community sample filled in open-ended questions on their experience of different kinds of orgasms. Additionally, women rated semantic differentials with bipolar adjectives characterizing vaginal and clitoral orgasms. A sub-sample of n = 257 women (50%) had experienced both, vaginal and clitoral orgasms and rated both separately on the semantic differential. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant differences in that clitoral orgasms were, amongst others, rated as sharper, easier, and more controllable, while vaginal orgasms were rated as wilder, deeper, more pulsating, and extending. In open-ended questions, women talked about various other orgasmic experiences, such as mixed clitoral/vaginal orgasms, whole body, cervical, anal, or mental orgasms. Some women were uncertain about their orgasmic experiences. It is time to integrate anatomical, psychophysiological, and experiential data and conclude that either "all clitoral" or "clitoral and vaginal" falls short to do justice to the complexity of women's orgasms. Understanding and defining these various types of orgasms and allowing for the apparent diversity to have its place in research and in social discourse is a task for future research and pleasure-positive sex education to increase pleasure literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis screening with ultrasound is non-invasive and can be used as part of risk communication. The potential of personalised and pictorial-based risk communication is assessed in VIPVIZA, a population-based randomised controlled trial that aims at optimising cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention by investigating the impact of visualisation of subclinical atherosclerosis. The present aim was to explore cognitive and emotional reactions evoked by the intervention as well as attitudes to any implemented life style changes in VIPVIZA participants in the intervention group with improved health status and furthermore to study possible interactions between these factors. Understanding mechanisms of action was central since non-adherence to preventive guidelines are often faced in clinical practice. In-depth interviews with 14 individuals were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Cognitive and emotional processes were highly interlinked and described by the main theme Cognitive and emotional reactions in strong interplay for orchestration of health oriented behavioural change. The informants' descriptions revealed two distinctly different psychological processes which constituted the two subthemes, Problem-focused coping and Encouragement-driven process. The results highlight that an interaction between emotional reactions and efficacy beliefs is important in facilitating behavioural change. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of the risk message being perceived as clear, accurate, reliable and also emotionally engaging and thereby show why atherosclerosis screening and pictorial-based risk communication have the potential to contribute to effective CVD prevention strategies and shared decision making in primary care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01849575, registration 8 May 2013. Atherosclerosis screening and pictorial-based risk communication have the potential to contribute to more effective CVD prevention strategies. Risk messages on atherosclerosis status were perceived as clear, accurate, reliable and emotionally engaging. An interplay between efficacy beliefs and emotional reactions facilitated behavioural change. Patients' understanding of CVD risk is important for shared decision-making and of relevance for non-adherence to preventive guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the importance of and difficulty with valued activities in persons with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to examine relationships between disease symptoms and difficulty with valued activities using the Valued Activities Scale (VLA). A secondary purpose was to examine the internal consistency of the Short-VLA Scale (S-VLA). A cross-sectional convenience sample of 99 people with SSc completed questionnaires regarding demographics, symptom severity, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the VLA. Obligatory activities were rated as most important; committed activities were significantly more difficult than obligatory and discretionary. Less fatigue (p < 0.01) and lower HAQ (p < 0.001) and CES-D (p < 0.01) scores were associated with higher total VLA scores. Internal consistency of the S-VLA was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92; p < 0.0001). The correlation between the S-VLA and the VLA was excellent (r = 0.96; p < 0.001). There were moderate correlations between the S-VLA and the HAQ (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001); the correlation with the CES-D was only fair (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). Committed and discretionary activities were more difficult for people with SSc to perform. Results are similar to findings with people with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Home management/caregiving (committed) and leisure and social participation (discretionary) activities are more difficult to perform by people with SSc compared to self-care (obligatory) activities. Our findings that difficulty scores on the VLA were associated with more fatigue and depression suggest the need for rehabilitation to reduce disability in people with SSc. The S-VLA may be a useful screening and monitoring tool for SSc and other chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI) among older adults with hypertension. This was a methodological study. The study sample enrolled 176 older adults. The study carried out preliminary psychometric analyses. Item-level content validity index ranged between 0.87 to 1.0, and the index of content validity was 0.98. The Cronbach's α for the total scale was 0.84. The cross-cultural adaptation of SC-HI has been realized successfully in Turkish. Health care providers may utilize the scale to evaluate "older individuals" hypertension self-care abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field experiment aimed to address the issue of problematic smartphone usage (PSU) by examining the effectiveness of two frequently advised techniques to deal with PSU: moving problematic applications to a different page of the phone and changing the phone into greyscale. For one week, 97 student participants used their smartphone under one of the following three conditions: move app, greyscale, or control condition. Compared to the week before the intervention, participants significantly reduced their objective smartphone usage, but their self-reported PSU increased. These effects also emerged in the control group, which might have been due to heightened awareness of the participants of their smartphone usage. A major implication of the study is the need of using multiple outcome measures to understand the complex relationship between perceptions and behaviour. This study could be used as a blueprint for future research examining the effectiveness of interventions in the field of PSU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the population aging rate highlights the need to examine various care provisions for older adults with dementia, including physical therapy. However, despite its positive effects, there are also many challenges associated with providing physical therapy for older adults with dementia. This qualitative case study examined the interactions between a physical therapist and a patient with dementia and the process by which physical therapy was provided to her. This study utilized a modified grounded theory approach to analyze the interview of one physical therapist, a woman with four years of clinical experience who specializes in physical therapy for older adults who provided a 20-minute physical therapy session to her client, a woman in her 80s with dementia who sought to maintain her ability to perform activities of daily living and preserve her independence. Data were collected in January 2017. Fifteen concepts that represent aspects of the services that the therapist provided to her client were identified. Five distinct categories were derived: 1) foundations of the relationship; 2) understanding individual factors; 3) supporting execution of functional activities; 4) assessing cognitive function; and 5) support to ensure safety in daily living. Physical therapists help older adults with dementia execute functional activities, which helps ensure their safety and independence, and fosters strong therapist–client relationships. Future studies should interview multiple physical therapists to generate additional concepts. Further, quantifying these concepts and developing tools to assess clients will improve care provision and inform physical therapists with limited experience in treating patients with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated parent-reported barriers and enablers to establishing sun safety practices with young children (0–4 years; N = 423) living in Australia. An online survey examined parent/child adherence to recommended sun safety practices and barriers and enablers to establishing sun safety practices. Adherence to different sun safety practices varied across age groups. Lack of child cooperation was the most commonly-endorsed barrier while child compliance was the most commonly-endorsed facilitator. Young children's lack of cooperation with sun safety practices represents a major obstacle for parents. In conclusion, the development and testing of family-based intervention approaches to reduce child resistance and promote cooperation is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that physical activity can improve health, the present study was conducted to affect education based on the theory of planned behavior on the promotion of physical activity and awareness in the prevention of diabetes in students. This parallel quasi-experimental study with two equal groups of intervention and control was carried out in three stages by multistage sampling method. Students who were physically ill or had absence were excluded from the study. Only the intervention group received the required intervention and the evaluation was done before, immediately after and 3 months after the intervention in both groups. The educational program was implemented in various forms such as oral, pamphlets, brain storming, group discussions, role play for behavior modeling, and written media such as posters, and exercise demonstrations. Data collection was performed in primary schools of Mashhad. The questionnaire was contained; demographic information, diabetes awareness, physical activity based on the theory of planned behavior and physical activity (IPAQ). Data analysis was done by SPSS-16 software using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, and marginal longitudinal models at the significance level of 0.05. The mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), subjective norm (p < 0.001), perceived behavior control (p = 0.015) and physical activity (p < 0.001) immediately after the intervention were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group and the differences were significant. Results of this study supported the effectiveness of education based on theory of planned behavior in the promotion of physical activity and knowledge of students regarding diabetes prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to identify the challenges and prospects of distance education for adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main research method was the survey. Teenagers, parents and teachers were interviewed (330 people). One of the leaders of the study was a representative of the Technical Institute of NEFU in Neryungri. The results of the study made it possible to identify and analyze the main inconveniences of distance learning that young people suffered from. The following difficulties were identified: different teaching approaches (48.2%), lack of technical devices (7.6%), an increase in the number of homework assignments (86%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors impacting physical activity (PA) among adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Four focus groups were conducted, with a total of 22 participants with CP, aged 14–24 years, Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFCS) I–III. Our qualitative analysis drew on grounded theory and used Atlas software. Findings revealed four categories of factors impacting PA: (1) Musculoskeletal-pain and additional impairments related to activity limitations; (2) knowledge and exercising skills, and life skills such as problem-solving, decision-making, planning and organizing; (3) availability: lack of transportation, professional guidance, adapted and community-based programs, especially enjoyable activities; (4) social support from professionals (mainly physiotherapists) and peer support with socializing opportunities. Many opposed parental involvement. Those who attended special education schools and had moderate to severe learning disabilities saw PA as an opportunity for social contacts, limited by lack of availability. Those in mainstream schools with mild to no learning disabilities used PA for relieving pain and preserving function, limited by difficulty balancing PA and life goals. Service providers should inculcate knowledge and active-living skills during the transition to adulthood. Professional guidance needed to ensure inclusion in communal PA and offer adapted programs for young people with CP. There is a need for ongoing, accessible, adapted, community-based physical activity programs for young adults with CP guided by skilled professionals that can provide them with opportunities for enjoyable activities involving social interactions. When planning treatment interventions for children and young individuals with CP, healthcare providers should be aware of past therapeutic experiences and in collaboration with parents, are encouraged to be sensitive to possible tensions which may exist regarding their body care. Healthcare and educational professionals should provide young people with CP and their families with theoretical and practical knowledge about physical activity and its health benefits, as well as information about exercise options. Developing life skills in young adults with CP is important for helping them to effectively engage in physical activity and develop the competencies needed to achieve long term physical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate health literacy learning modules designed specifically for physiotherapists in private practice. Mixed-method design was used, evaluating pre-post physiotherapist health literacy knowledge and competencies using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. One rural and one metropolitan private physiotherapy practice were recruited. Clients, physiotherapists, and other clinic staff. The OPHELIA (Optimizing Health Literacy and Access) process was applied to identify the health literacy needs of clients; co-design interventions; and implement and evaluate the interventions. The health literacy learning modules were co-designed with the physiotherapists and included one 3-h face-to-face workshop, followed by two 1-h videoconference workshops. Health literacy knowledge (rated 1–5 for 10 items, max score 50) and skills (rated 1–5 for 5 items, max score 25) were assessed before and after the workshops. Data were analyzed by paired t-test. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Health literacy knowledge of 19 health professionals improved after the workshop by 63% (pre 26.0 (7.5), post 41.0 (2.7), p <.001). Health literacy skills improved by 65% (pre 4.2 (3.3), post 21.8 (2.3), p <.001). We identified three themes from interview data: 1) 'the multi-faceted nature of health literacy requires multiple strategies'; 2) 'changing practice to promote understanding'; and 3) 'reflection on roles of multidisciplinary private practice.' Improvements in health literacy knowledge and skills are possible through post-graduate professional development. Workshops changed physiotherapists' understanding of their role in promoting health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) role in tracheostomy management is well described internationally. Surveys from Australia and the United Kingdom show high clinical consistency in SLP tracheostomy management, and that practice follows guidelines, research evidence and protocols. Swedish SLPs work with tracheostomised patients, however, the content and extent of this practice, and how it compares to international research is unknown. This study reports how SLPs in Sweden work with tracheostomised patients, investigating (a) the differences and similarities in SLPs tracheostomy management and (b) the facilitators and barriers to tracheostomy management, as reported by SLPs. Methods: A study-specific, online questionnaire was completed by 28 SLPs who had managed tracheostomised patients during the previous year. This study was conducted in 2018, pre Covid-19 pandemic. The answers were analysed for exploratory descriptive comparison of data. Content analyses were made on answers from open-ended questions. Results: Swedish SLPs manage tracheostomised patients, both for dysphagia and communication. During this study, the use of protocols and guidelines were limited and SLPs were often not part of a tracheostomy team. Speech-language pathologists reported that the biggest challenges in tracheostomy management were in (a) collaboration with other professionals, (b) unclear roles and (c) self-perceived inexperience. Improved collaboration with other professionals and clearer roles was suggested to facilitate team tracheostomy management. Conclusions: This study provides insight into SLP tracheostomy management in Sweden, previously uncharted. Results suggest improved collaboration, further education and clinical training as beneficial for a clearer and more involved SLP role in tracheostomy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intolerance of uncertainty, generally measured through the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale - Short form (IUS-12), is a significant trans-diagnostic characteristic determining anxiety disorders and depression. Nevertheless, there are fewer studies on the factor structure of intolerance of uncertainty in non-western countries. In the present study, using confirmatory factor analysis, we studied the factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometrics of the IUS-12 (Hindi version) on a sample of 862 college students (age: M = 21.42, SD = 3.1) in India. Results show that whereas the different models (i.e. the single-factor, the correlated two-factor, the truncated bi-factor, and the full bi-factor models) were a good fit with the data, the full bi-factor model was the best fitting model. The general factor was a stable and reliable construct that explained most of the variance and, thereby, showed the unidimensionality of the scale. In addition, there was strong measurement invariance in the IUS-12 across gender. Thus, the present study supports the reliability and validity of the IUS-12 and indicates cross-cultural validity of the intolerance of uncertainty. We have also discussed the implications of higher intolerance of uncertainty in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to identify Iranian preschool children's (N = 318) knowledge of genital and non-genital body parts. Assessment consisted of children naming selected external body parts in drawings of same-sex counterparts. Results indicated that almost all children knew the correct terms for their non-genital body parts, but few knew the correct terminology for their genitals. Many used slang terms and some appeared embarrassed or reluctant to reply (girls were more likely than boys not to respond). No statistically significant difference between the sex of children in knowledge of correct names of all genitals emerged. Boys knew the correct name of their genitalia (penis) significantly more than girls. Results indicated children are learning the names of their body parts but not their genitals, perhaps indicative of a lack of sexual health education that may be representative of the conservative culture in Iran. It is critical for young children to learn about their genitals as this knowledge provides the foundation for subsequent sex education and facilitates discussion about bodily safety to prevent sexual abuse. When children learn these names, it can facilitate disclosure of abuse and can assist those working with young children in medical settings, child protection and legal arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate and cross-culturally adapt, the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire 2.0 to Persian (WRFQ-Pr), and evaluate reliability and validity. Standardized protocols were followed including forward-backward translation then synthesis/consolidation. Subsequent pilot investigation of the draft WRFQ-Pr (n = 50, male = 68%, age = 33.5 ± 7.3 years) tested the alternative wording and determined face and content validity through readability, understandability, interpretation, and cultural relevance. Participants (n = 288) were recruited from a convenience sample to assess: construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Promax rotation and maximum least squares extraction; and internal consistency using Cronbach's α coefficient. Test-retest reliability was evaluated from the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1). The forward-backward translation was achieved with eight items (1,3,4,5,9,11,12,22) modified and reformulated due to idiomatic issues. Internal consistency for the subscales ranged from α = 0.87–0.95, and the test-retest reliability was ICC(2,1)=0.92 (CI: 0.89–0.95). The EFA showed a four-factor solution, being identical to the original version, however items 20–22 loaded with items 23–26 in one factor, which was re-named "flexibility and social demand." One item (#26) did not load above the required 0.30 threshold and was removed from the WRFQ-Pr. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The WRFQ translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Persian (WRFQ-Pr) was performed successfully. The determined properties of reliability and validity were comparable to those of the original English version. The WRFW can simultaneously evaluate the health status of the worker, the existence of impairments, the involved factors in creating ability/disability at work, and the outcome of the interventions. There is no instrument available for the Persian-speaking population to evaluate related disability at work and the condition of return to work after a rehabilitation intervention. The WRFQ was translated and culturally adapted into Persian. The WRFW-Pr demonstrated excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability and a four-factor structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no formal sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education currently offered in Saudi Arabia. Lack of knowledge and misconceptions are evident among Saudi women, which can lead to negative sexual and reproductive experiences. The aim of this study is to explore Saudi women's SRH knowledge, perceptions and experiences. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with Saudi women were conducted. Interviews took place in a public hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Interviews were conducted in Arabic, recorded and transcribed verbatim, to allow for thematic analysis of the data. The following themes were identified: experience with menarche, deep-rooted negative views towards sex, difficulty discussing SRH topics, knowledge of sex and reproduction, generational gap, sources of SRH information and the role of the mother. A total of 28 women, both married and unmarried, aged 20–50 years were interviewed. A profound lack of SRH knowledge was observed among Saudi women which contributed greatly to negative experiences both in childhood and adulthood. Lack of knowledge about menstruation often caused emotional distress for young girls, and menarche was associated with bad memories and negative emotions. Lack of knowledge about sexual intercourse and the deep-rooted negative views towards sex were linked with physical and psychological issues for women. Women rarely received information from their parents or teachers and preferred the internet for their SRH information. There is a substantial unmet need for SRH education for women in Saudi Arabia. It is our recommendation that SRH education should be tailored to meet Saudi women's unique needs, while understanding specific socio-cultural barriers to SRH education and discussions. Research and policy efforts should be directed towards regulating and producing evidence-based health information on the internet, particularly Arabic language websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with Japanese nurses' end-of-life decision-making support. Cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted among 278 nurses. Significantly associated factors included visiting nursing, nursing experience duration, female sex, workshop participation, and time spent on end-of-life care. Visiting nursing was the most significant factor associated with nurses' end-of-lifedecision-making support. Consideration should be given to the curriculum in basic nursing education related to visiting nursing. It shouldinclude end-of-life care as well as resources for end-of-life decision-making to increase the number of patients who die in their preferred setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]