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Purpose. To provide a bibliographical-historical perspective and main interest in the field of myopia. Methods. In this bibliographic study, the Web of Science Database was searched from 1999 to 2018. Recorded parameters included journal name, impact factor, year and language, number of authors, type and origin, methodology, number of subjects, funding, and topics. Results. Epidemiological assessments were the leading type of article (28%), and half of the papers were prospective studies. The number of citations for multicenter studies was significantly higher (P = 0.034). The articles were published in 27 journals, with the majority in Investigative Ophthalmology, Vision Sciences (28%), and Ophthalmology (26%). Etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment equally encompassed the topics. Papers addressing etiology, specifically genetic and environmental factors (P = 0.029), signs and symptoms (P = 0.001), and prevention, specifically public awareness (47%, P = 0.005), received significantly more citations. Treatment to decrease myopia progression was a much more common topic (68%) than refractive surgery (32%). Optical treatment was the most popular modality (39%). Half of the publications came from 3 countries: the United States (US), Australia, and Singapore. The highest ranked and cited papers came from the US (P = 0.028) and Singapore (P = 0.028). Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the top-cited articles on myopia. There is a predominance of epidemiological assessments and multicenter studies originating from the US, Australia, and Singapore, assessing etiology, signs and symptoms, and prevention. These are more frequently cited, emphasizing the great interest in mapping the increase in the incidence of myopia in different countries, public health awareness, and myopia control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social participation is positively related to mental health recovery and wellbeing, yet people with mental health problems are often socially isolated. This article investigates how social participation was incorporated into an Australian-integrated program that aimed to improve the wellbeing of people with chronic mental health needs. The data are from a longitudinal evaluation of the integrated program, including data linkage (5533 participants) and interviews (111). The paper uses concepts from the network perspective of social capital (bonding, bridging, linking, horizontal, and vertical) as lenses to re-examine the evaluation's findings about the consumers' social participation in life areas (social, leisure, and productive) facilitated by the program. This social capital perspective offers a lens to examine the breadth and intensity of participation experienced by the consumers taking part in the support program. The article adds to the literature about how service providers can improve social participation and therefore consumers' opportunities for recovery and wellbeing. The analyses found that the support increased people's social interaction and their capacity in the community. Their social interaction was mostly with other people in the service. Often their interactions in the community were only transactional. Few consumers participated in activities in productive life areas, and few of the activities promoted vertical social capital in social networks outside the service. The implications are that service providers need greater attention on facilitating a variety of social participation activities that can extend mental health consumers' horizontal and vertical social capital and so further contribute to their current and future recovery and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To review the prevalence of loneliness (during/after COVID-19) in older people. Design. Scoping review using Medline and PsycInfo for worldwide prevalence estimates (white published literature search) and Google for prevalence data inside the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (grey literature). Setting. Worldwide prevalence estimates and a focus on the Euregio Meuse-Rhine. Participants. Papers published between 2016 and 2022 and a mean age of minimum of 65 years. Measurements. Prevalence estimates for older people. Results. The white literature search yielded 37 articles. Before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, loneliness estimates were the highest in Nigeria (46%) and the lowest in Australia (5%) (mean prevalence was 25.6%). Loneliness was reported to be higher in specific populations, for example, people living in specific communities such as senior housing communities or with impairments, than in the general population, with a mean prevalence estimate of 47.8%. During COVID-19, the prevalence of loneliness was higher than that before the pandemic: we observed a mean prevalence of 39.4%, in comparison to 25.6 before COVID-19. The grey literature search showed that, compared to Belgium and the Netherlands (13.5% and 36.5%, respectively), loneliness estimates were the lowest in Germany, with a mean prevalence of 7.7%. Conclusion. Large international differences in the prevalence of loneliness were observed between countries and populations studied. Several hypotheses could explain such differences, including sociocultural or historical-political characteristics. Without surprise, the pandemic and associated measures were linked to a higher level of loneliness. Furthermore, recommendations for addressing loneliness, including interventions, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccination is particularly challenging among populations who have experienced discrimination in healthcare settings. This paper presents qualitative findings from in-depth interviews about COVID-19 vaccination conducted in Australia between October 2020 and November 2021. Data from four different studies are presented; each population has unique experiences of discrimination within the healthcare system: Aboriginal people; people who inject drugs (PWID); people living with HIV (PLHIV); and gay and bisexual men (GBM). Analyses were guided by the behavioural and social determinants model that forms the basis of the World Health Organization's "data for action: achieving high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines" interim guidance. All populations viewed vaccination as necessary for community protection, although narratives of community care were most common among Aboriginal people. Concerns about vaccine safety were expressed by all participant groups, although participants living with HIV and GBM were more trusting of vaccines possibly because of their ongoing and usually positive past experiences with biomedical technologies for HIV management and sexual health. Aboriginal participants reported distrust of mainstream government and participants who inject drugs expressed a more generalised suspicion about COVID-19 and its origins. Practical problems related to transport, booking appointments for vaccination and so forth, were more common among participants living with HIV and GBM, possibly because these specific interviews were conducted throughout 2021 when vaccines were more available, whereas data for the other populations were collected before the vaccine rollout. Findings show that vaccine willingness is shaped by past experiences of discrimination in healthcare setting, but different histories of discrimination can differently impact vaccine willingness. Promotional messaging and delivery must take account of these important differences so to not treat these populations homogenously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong First Nations health workforce is necessary to meet community needs, health rights, and health equity. This paper reports the findings from a national survey of Australia's First Nations people employed in health services to identify enablers and barriers to career development, including variations by geographic location and organisation type. A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken across professions, roles, and jurisdictions. The survey was developed collaboratively by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal academics and Aboriginal leaders. To recruit participants, the survey was promoted by key professional organisations, First Nations peak bodies and affiliates, and national forums. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction with career development and whether this varied by geographic location or organisation type. Of the 332 participants currently employed in health services, 50% worked in regional and remote areas and 15% in Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) with the remainder in government and private health services. All enablers identified were associated with satisfaction with career development and did not vary by location or organisation type. "Racism from colleagues" and "lack of cultural awareness," "not feeling supported by their manager," "not having role models or mentors," and "inflexible human resource policies" predicted lower satisfaction with career development only for those employed in government/other services. First Nations people leading career development were strongly supported. The implications for all workplaces are that offering even a few career development opportunities, together with supporting leadership by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff, can make a major difference to satisfaction and retention. Concurrently, attention should be given to building managerial cultural capabilities and skills in supporting First Nations' staff career development, building cultural safety, providing formal mentors and addressing discriminatory and inflexible human resources policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the health, social and economic outcomes associated with rough sleeping among women and compare those outcomes with those of (1) men sleeping rough, and (2) women experiencing other forms of homelessness (such as being housed in temporary supported accommodation due to family and domestic violence). The paper analyses survey data using the Vulnerability Index‐Service Prioritization Decision Analysis Tool (VI‐SPDAT) collected from 2735 women experiencing homelessness and 3124 men sleeping rough in Australian cities from 2010 to 2017. We find that women sleeping rough report poorer physical and mental health outcomes and greater problematic drug and or alcohol use relative to both men sleeping rough and women experiencing other types of homelessness (all p < 0.5). Women sleeping rough report significantly higher levels of crisis service utilisation (Β = 17.9, SE = 3.9, p < 0.001) and interactions with police in the previous 6 months (Β = 1.9, SE = 0.3, p < 0.001) than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough. Women sleeping rough also report greater healthcare utilisation, and, therefore, healthcare costs, than women experiencing homelessness not sleeping rough and men sleeping rough (all p < 0.05). From a policy perspective, the evidence presented in this paper supports a social determinants approach that moves from addressing symptoms of poor health outcomes associated with homelessness to preventing and ending homelessness with a particular focus on the life trajectories of women. Integrated services and homelessness strategies need to be developed through a gender lens, providing women sleeping rough with tailored permanent housing with wrap‐around supportive housing to address poor health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young carers support family members affected by disability or a health condition. The Young Carer Bursary Program aims to support young carers' education. This paper analysed data from consenting bursary applicants (2017–2019) to investigate relationships between wellbeing, educational attendance, home study and other factors. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis determined significant issues, relationships and influential factors related to young carer (N = 1,443) wellbeing and education. Sixty‐eight percent were aged between 13 and 18 years and attended secondary school. One third of the sample reported that they were the main carer in their family and 29% reported receiving no support. Female applicants from single parent households who were the main carer attended educational settings less often. Eighteen percent (n = 267) rated their wellbeing as poor/very poor. Better wellbeing was associated with increased educational attendance (rs = 0.33, p < 0.001) and home study (rs = 0.34, p < 0.001). Wellbeing was associated with main carer status, caring for a parent, having a disability, being older and having few supports. Educational attendance was associated with main carer status, higher care load and fewer supports. Home study was associated with having a disability, caring for a sibling, caring for more than 11 hr per week and having fewer supports. Important factors about the age, life situation and challenges experienced by young carers identified in this paper indicate that further research into preferred supports and effectiveness of the bursary in improving educational engagement is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Australian hospitals have undergone a transformation with both a review and expansion of traditional roles of healthcare professionals and the implementation of an ieMR. The implementation of an ieMR brings large scale organizational change within the health system especially for staff with direct patient contact. This is changing the future of healthcare and the roles of healthcare professionals. There is minimal research on the impact of these electronic systems on the people and processes required to realise the improvements in patient care such as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and the role of the pharmacist within the TDM process. The literature has discussed the use of computerised programs to assist with the interpretation of results and calculating of doses but the impact of an ieMR on the TDM process has not been discussed. This study undertook a retrospective analysis at an Australian tertiary hospital to investigate the impact of a digital hospital system on TDM within the facility. Methods: A 2‐year retrospective audit was conducted on TDM at an Australian Tertiary Hospital. The periods were 2016 (a paper‐based hospital) and 2018 (ieMR). Patients were identified using the pathology database. Patients were excluded if under the age of 18, in an outpatient setting or the emergency department. Progress notes, medication charts, ieMR and other relevant pathology were reviewed. They were assessed for appropriateness of the timing of collection, compliance to recommended TDM guidelines, and pharmacist documentation. Results and Discussion: A total of 2926 observations were included in the analysis. There was as similar percentage of appropriately collected samples between the paper‐based system (2016) and the digital hospital system (2018) with 59% and 58% respectively. Results of logistic regression analysis models show the effect of year was not significant with regards to TDM for either a sample being appropriate or the dose adjustment being appropriate. Samples for TDM were more likely to be appropriate if the pharmacist had documented advice but less likely with regards to appropriate dose adjustment. This study considered the effect of introducing a hospital wide digital system on TDM processes. Overall, the results indicate no difference between the paper‐based system and ieMR for appropriate samples and doses adjustments. What is new and conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study of this kind looking at the impact of a digital hospital system on TDM. The introduction of a digital hospital system does not appear to have made improvement on the effective use of TDM. Inappropriate sampling as seen in this study can lead to ineffective clinical management of patients, inefficient use of time, and waste of financial resources. Further work is required to incorporate specific guidance and recommendations within the digital system to optimize TDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation of evidence into practice in healthcare is challenging, particularly with new innovations. Indocyanine Green (ICG) lymphography is a novel innovation where the superficial lymphatics are imaged to provide information about lymphoedema diagnosis and to guide individualised therapy for a person's long‐term chronic management of lymphoedema, supporting care across the continuum to the community setting. Despite the unique information ICG lymphography provides, the technology itself is complex and highly specialised and currently has limited adoption in clinical practice. This paper sought to determine the barriers and enablers to establishing an ICG lymphography clinic within an outpatient lymphoedema service by exploring staff perceptions and experiences. An interpretive descriptive design was used with semi‐structured interviews of key staff participants from a quaternary public hospital six months after ICG lymphography clinic establishment. An interview guide was developed, underpinned by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), to guide the inquiry. Interview data were transcribed, inductively coded and analysed to identify themes. All eligible management, clinical and ancillary staff were included (N = 8). Four key themes were identified from the data as essential to implementation success. These were support is critical for implementation; beliefs about the technology; practicalities are achievable; and sustainability for ongoing success. Themes were found to be interrelated and centred around support from staff and the organisation as a critical process facilitator. The study demonstrated an ICG lymphography clinic can be successfully established as part of an outpatient lymphoedema service. Key enablers related to positive staff attitudes and beliefs about ICG lymphography and its application. Future implementation sites may consider that although the complexity of this innovation creates process challenges, the use of an implementation framework can assist in identifying determinants of success for effective implementation to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How women are cared for while pregnant and having a new baby can have profound and lasting effects on their health and well‐being. While mainstream maternity care systems aspire to provide care that is woman‐centred, women with fewest social and economic resources often have reduced access. Community‐based doula support programs offer complementary care for these women and are known to, on average, have positive outcomes. Less understood is how, when and why these programs work. A realist evaluation of an Australian volunteer doula program provided for women experiencing socioeconomic adversity explored these questions. The program provides free non‐medical, social, emotional, and practical support by trained doulas during pregnancy, birth and new parenting. This paper reports the testing and refinement of one program theory from the larger study. The theory, previously developed from key informant interviews and rapid realist review of literature, hypothesised that the cultural matching of woman (client) and doula led to best outcomes. This was tested in realist interviews with women and focus groups with doulas, in January–February 2020. Seven English speaking, and six Arabic speaking clients were interviewed. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of eight doulas from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds. Data were analysed in NVivo. The study found cultural matching to be valued by some but not all women, and only when the doula was also genuinely interested, kind, timely and reliable. These approaches (with or without cultural matching) generate trust between the doula and woman. Trust theory, reflexivity theory and social relations theory supported explanatory understanding of the causal contribution of a doula knowing what it takes to build trust, to a woman deciding to trust her doula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, severity, coping strategies and precipitating factors of food insecurity in university students in a large multi‐campus Australian university during the COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020, in context of providing information to inform institutional support. This was a cross‐sectional analysis which was part of a larger university‐led research project, the Thrive@Home study conducted at Monash University during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The main outcome measures included: Sociodemographic characteristics, PROMIS anxiety, PROMIS depression and the six‐item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. All variables were reported according to the four levels of food security status (high (H), marginal (M), low (L) and very low (VL)). Chi‐squared tests were used to compare all categorical variables including demographic, mental health and food security status. A multivariable regression was conducted between food security status and mental health variables. Overall, n = 1315 students were included in the analysis. Of which, 5% were classified as having VL food security, 13% L, 14% M and 68% H. As food security worsened the likelihood of being unemployed looking for work, living alone and deteriorating physical health, diet quality and mental health increased. As food security status deteriorated the prevalence of needing to ask family or friends for food, shopping at multiple outlets for discounts, accessing emergency food relief, subsidised meals and financial assistance from organisations increased (p < 0.002). In regression models adjusting for covariates, depression (b (95%CI): VL = 7.2(4.1–10.3), L = 3.7(1.7–5.7), M = 2.0(0.1–3.8)) and anxiety (VL = 7.4(4.5–10.4), L = 3.5(1.5–5.4) and M = 2.0(0.3–3.8)) were positively associated with worsening food security. Food insecurity during COVID‐19 was associated with worsening mental health. This paper provides targets for future university‐led initiatives to promote student food security and supporting better access to physical and mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteer peer support is an approach that enables a supportive connection between volunteers and a sub‐set of community members with shared experiences or interests. To implement co‐designed strategies to support older women to maintain independence and optimise wellbeing in Australia, a volunteer peer support approach was proposed. There was limited literature describing volunteer peer support frameworks to underpin interventions of this kind; and given the increasing desire for engagement of individuals and communities, articulation of the key components of such a framework is warranted. In this paper, we define volunteers and peer support, and outline existing frameworks for volunteering and peer support. We then describe the volunteer peer support framework developed for this intervention, outlining the key requirements. This information will enable others to develop an effective and sustainable structure for peer support volunteer services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from the evaluation of an Australian trial of self‐managed home aged care. The self‐management model was codesigned by advocacy organisation COTA Australia, consumers and service providers. The primary aim of the evaluation was to examine whether self‐management improved consumers' perceptions of their choice, control, and wellbeing. The secondary aim was to examine whether provider prior experience with self‐managed packages significantly influenced consumers' perceptions of choice, control and wellbeing, thereby confounded trial effects. A pre‐test post‐test quasi‐experimental design and mixed‐methods design were used to collect data over nine months in 2018–2019. The pre‐trial methods and findings have been published. The post‐trial evaluation replicated the pre‐trial data collection method of an online survey (n = 60) and semi‐structured telephone interviews with consumers (n = 9), family carers (n = 13), and consumers and carers jointly (n = 2), totalling 24 interviews. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were also conducted with CEOs and senior managers from each of the seven providers (n = 14). Three providers had prior experience supporting self‐management. Parametric and non‐parametric tests examined the statistical data. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and framed according to self‐determination principles and ecological systems theory. Both datasets demonstrated that consumers reported greater choice and control at post‐trial than pre‐trial. This finding was not affected by providers' prior experience with self‐management; therefore, it was not a confounding factor. Participants reported improved wellbeing in interviews, however this was not reinforced statistically. Key desirable features of self‐management included greater autonomy and control over spending, recruiting support staff and paying lower administration fees. There was no evidence of increased risks or fraud. The research limitations included a small sample size, convenience sampling with providers recruiting interview participants, no control group and differences in trial implementation. The findings support the expansion of self‐management opportunities and more comprehensive evaluations that use mixed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key issues in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment sector concerns the reported difficulties that clients have in accessing treatment. This paper draws on qualitative interview data collected from clients undergoing treatment (n = 20) and stakeholders (n = 15) of five specialist non‐government AOD treatment services in New South Wales, Australia, to offer an in‐depth perspective about treatment entry experiences. We identified four key themes of positive treatment entry experiences: the presence of high‐quality online information which enabled clients to best match themselves to treatment; flexible and simple intake procedures with skilled and welcoming staff; the presence and quality of social and other resources (such as families, peers and private health insurance) which enabled quicker access; and prior experience in the treatment system which helped clients to gain important knowledge and skills to improve future access. We discuss implications of these findings, including that waiting lists significantly exacerbate inequity, but that this could be ameliorated by providing peer‐support to those trying to gain entry, especially clients who do not have family and friends for help during this period. The findings also point to the way that client self‐determination is central to all positive treatment entry experiences, and that supporting clients to find 'the right fit' in relation to treatment options improves their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal caregiving for a person living with glioma can be both rewarding and multidimensionally challenging, given the potential for debilitating symptoms, cognitive impairment or personality changes, as early as diagnosis. There is growing evidence that, due to the demands of care, experiences and feelings of loneliness and isolation among informal caregivers are widespread, and opportunities for quality or meaningful social connectedness are lacking. While considerable research has quantified the causes and effects of loneliness and isolation in informal care contexts, the lived experience of loneliness has received relatively little attention. The aim of this study was to better understand the everyday experiences of a group of home‐based informal caregivers of people living with glioma in Queensland, Australia. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 32 informal caregivers, purposively sampled, and recruited through a tertiary hospital, in this paper, we explore how the various experiences, demands, and social and relational dynamics in/of informal care (re)produce forms of isolation and loneliness. Using the framework approach to thematic analysis, we derived four themes: (a) the 'need' to be near the care recipient, and the implications for caregiver mobility; (b) the strong sense of responsibility for care, and the virtues of 'good' caring; (c) experiences of loneliness in the company of others and (d) postponement of social connection and minimising the self. The findings, we argue, are reflective of broader social and moral norms and expectations within experiences of home‐based informal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Care‐experienced young people demonstrate significantly poor physical, social and mental health outcomes during and beyond their time in care, yet they have rarely been consulted or included in research examining their health needs to date. This qualitative paper explores care‐experienced young people's perceptions of health in care, including accessing healthcare and interacting with health professionals. The research methodology was informed by a co‐design approach through consultation with care‐experienced young people. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 young people. The findings revealed that: (1) the care system does not nurture young people's health; (2) young people in care experience difficulty accessing and navigating a complex health system; and (3) young people are not given a voice when it comes to their health. The findings provide key recommendations for practice, including the empowerment of young people through positive, responsive and trusting relationships to prioritise the health of young people in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals' advice on lifestyle behaviours is a key factor in improving a nation's health. Although allied health professionals have been well placed to provide such advice as part of patient care, little is known about the characteristics of allied health practitioners who discuss lifestyle topics with patients. This paper focused upon an overlooked avenue for lifestyle advice regarding an allied health profession – osteopathy. A workforce survey including questions about four lifestyle topics (including diet/nutrition, smoking/drugs/alcohol, physical activity/fitness, and stress management) was distributed to a nationally representative sample of Australian registered osteopaths in 2016. Separate multivariate logistic regression and Poisson regression models were developed to determine the most important predictors of the discussion of lifestyle factors. Amongst the 992 participating osteopaths, 89%, 49%, 38%, and 18% often discussed physical activity/fitness, stress management, diet/nutrition, and smoking/drugs/alcohol with their patients, respectively. Approximately 30% of participating osteopaths discussed at least three lifestyle topics with patients. Varied predictors were identified for discussing each lifestyle topic. Osteopaths who often discuss diet/nutrition in patient management plans were more likely to often discuss smoking/drugs/alcohol (OR = 14.13), physical activity/fitness (OR = 2.71), and/or stress management (OR = 1.69). In conclusion, lifestyle factors are often discussed with patients as part of osteopathy treatments in the Australian healthcare context. Osteopaths are well positioned to initiate discussions regarding patient lifestyles, and such discussions may be an effective contribution to health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to explore a proposed translational research continuum for nurse practitioners. Background: Nurse practitioners are acknowledged as clinical leaders responsible for transforming health care delivery. It is important that nurse practitioners contribute to health care knowledge using scientific processes for the implementation of evidence‐based practice and evaluation of outcomes of interventions for their patient groups. Evaluation: This paper provides a review of translational research literature including implementation science to align nurse practitioner activities to a modified translational research framework. Key Issues: A translational research framework has the potential to strengthen nursing research in the nurse practitioner role. Adapting an accepted translational research continuum for nurse practitioners places the clinical nursing leaders in an equitable research position with all health care professionals. Implications for Nursing Management: The translational research continuum provides nursing management with a structure to benchmark nursing research. The continuum applies a modern research framework to support research engagement for the nurse practitioner role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is a freshwater decapod crustacean, cultured in numerous countries worldwide for both food and ornamental purposes. Redclaw crayfish has become an important aquaculture species due to its physical and biological traits, relatively easy breeding, and a short growing‐out period to reach commercial size. Bacterial infections are the second‐most studied pathogens of freshwater crayfish. However, redclaw crayfish rickettsiosis, caused by Coxiella cheraxi, was reported in only a few scientific papers in the early 2000s, in Australia and Ecuador. Coxiella cheraxi is a rod‐shaped intracellular bacterium that can cause mortality of 22%−80% in naturally infected crayfish. In experimental infections, mortality rates may be even higher (40%−90%). Coxiella cheraxi is closely related to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q‐fever, which affects ruminants (goats, sheep, and cattle) and occasionally may cause zoonotic infections. According to the scientific knowledge available, C. cheraxi is a species‐specific pathogen because it has been only detected in Cherax quadricarinatus and thus far, there is no evidence of a zoonotic potential. In this study, we describe an outbreak of rickettsiosis in a batch of redclaw crayfish imported to Israel from an Australian hatchery, observed 2 months after introduction in a quarantine facility. Initial mortality was evaluated through histopathology, revealing infection by rickettsia‐like organisms (RLO) that were subsequently investigated by molecular analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected RLO were closely related to C. cheraxi from a single source (Australian strain TO98), available in free publicly accessible databases. After 5 months in quarantine, almost 99% of the crayfish population had died. Our findings raise valuable questions related to aquatic animal trade and the importance of mitigation measures, such as quarantine and routine diagnostic procedures, to limit the spread of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to scholarship on the medicalisation of mental health support for young people through a case study of a multidisciplinary mental health service in rural Australia. All staff (n = 13) working at the service participated in semi‐structured, individual interviews. Transcripts of interview data were read and selectively coded and interpreted in relation to the overarching question of how participants view and experience mental health care provision to a diverse range of young people. Following analytical reflection, codes pertaining to engagement, accessibility and care provision were re‐examined using the concept of medicalisation to understand the biomedical underpinning of mental healthcare and how this plays out in the experiences and perceived challenges participants talked about in responding to the mental health concerns of diverse young people. The resulting analysis is presented under five theme headings: (a) privileging clinical expertise and priorities within service provision, which was an important source of conflict for some participants; (b) 'multidisciplinary' teams—a 'difficult kind of culture at times'; (c) articulations of where cultural barriers lie; (d) the tracks along which young people are directed to 'engage' with 'mental health'; and (e) a clinical 'feel' to space. We suggest that service and system investment needs to be given to alternative ways of thinking about and approaching mental health and care provision that are cognisant of, and engage with, the inherent connections between individual circumstance and social, place, cultural, economic and political contexts. This is particularly relevant to the provision of care in rural contexts because of limited service options and the complexities of access and providing care to a diverse range of young people living in isolated environments. Interdisciplinary frameworks need to be enacted and services must acknowledge their own cultural positions for alternative ways of working to become possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Currently, there are no self‐management resources in Australia that support both Chinese immigrant patients affected by cancer and their caregivers. This paper reports on the development and acceptability assessment of a self‐management intervention (WeCope) in terms of its scope, social and cultural relevance and sensitivity. Methods: Using a community participatory approach in this qualitative study, patients, caregivers and community members took part in semi‐structured focus groups or interviews in Cantonese, Mandarin or English to develop and provide feedback on the acceptability of 'WeCope'. Content analysis was performed on the transcripts using inductive (codes) and deductive (themes and categories) methods. Results: Patients (n = 17), caregivers (n = 10) and community members (n = 2) participated. Four themes were developed, guided by the framework of cultural sensitivity in interventions: (1) content preference and satisfaction; (2) perceived usefulness and usability; (3) cultural relevance and acceptability; and (4) layout and presentation. Participants most commonly wanted more information about treatment‐related issues (n = 14) and available support services (n = 14). Conclusion: Chinese patients and caregivers expressed overall satisfaction with the WeCope resource and provided suggestions for improvement, including provision of more treatment‐related information and contact details for available support while reducing the overall resource length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of factors which influence health after a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event will assist with reducing the high health and economic burden of CVD. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the association between social health (lower social isolation, higher social support and lower loneliness) and health and well‐being after a CVD event among people living in Australia and New Zealand. Four electronic databases were systematically searched until June 2020. Two reviewers undertook title/abstract screen. One reviewer undertook full‐text screen and data extraction. A second author either independently extracted or checked data. Narrative thematic analysis was undertaken. Of the 752 unique records retrieved, 39 papers from 29 studies met our inclusion criteria. Included studies recruited between 10 and 1,455 participants, aged 12–96 years, and the majority were male. Greater social health was consistently associated with better mental health outcomes (lower depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and psychological distress). Lower social isolation and higher social support were associated with the extent to which patient needs were being met. Living situation was not associated with mental health outcomes, and being married or living with someone was associated with greater medication adherence. Our systematic review demonstrates that greater social health is associated with better mental health outcomes and met patient needs among cardiac patients. As partner status and living status did not align with social isolation and social support findings in this review, we recommend they not be used as social health proxies when assessing health outcomes among CVD patients. Our review highlights the need for more research focused on women and the importance of gender‐disaggregated reporting. Further assessment is required to evaluate whether loneliness is associated with health and well‐being outcomes after a CVD event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal carers provide the majority of care to older Australians and play an essential role in assisting older people with complex care needs to remain living in their own homes. As such, carers are increasingly faced with systemic responsibilities, including coordinating services across multifaceted health and aged care systems and negotiating treatment and supports. The aim of this study was to explore how systemic complexity and associated work is experienced by carers of older adults and what personal capacities carers draw on in managing the systemic work. A descriptive phenomenological approach guided the research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 carers of community‐dwelling older adults with complex care needs recruited through a local health service. Giorgi's phenomenological data analysis methods (1997) was utilised for the data analysis. Two main themes were derived from the analysis: Becoming part of the caring system and Mastering the caring system. The findings indicate that the majority of carers perceived the work of interacting with multiple systems and services as a burden and an onerous obligation. Furthermore, change in the health or social circumstances of the older adult amplified differences in the nature of the systemic work and concomitantly revealed differences in carers' capacities. This paper reveals that the caring system is in some sense disposed to create disparities, as carers' specific capacities were integral to mastering the systemic work. An understanding of informal care work that supports older people to live in the community can assist health care professionals and service providers to better identify carer requirements and assess carer capacity to manage the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s) To understand how nurse managers facilitate learning in clinical workplaces. Background: Meeting staff learning needs in the complex workplaces of contemporary health care is paramount to the delivery of safe patient care. Hospitals employ a range of strategies to address these needs. However, nurse managers' contribution to staff learning at the unit level is underexplored in contemporary literature. Method(s): A Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutic framework guided data collection and analysis. Thirteen nurse managers from two Australian hospitals each participated in two interviews and a period of observation. Findings Nurse managers' learning facilitation practices were enacted with staff individually, within teams, and through artefacts, and were shaped by their identities, perspectives on staff learning, knowledge of staff performance, and motivations. Power was revealed as a uniquely enacted driver of their learning facilitation practices. Conclusion(s): This paper illuminates an aspect of nurse managers' practice that has been poorly acknowledged in contemporary nursing literature. Nurse managers' learning facilitation practices were found to be complex, fluid, and embedded in their everyday work routines. Implications for Nursing Management: Given current concerns about safety and quality in health care, this research opens up possibilities for definition and enrichment of nurse managers' practice as facilitators of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is established literature on health workers' attitudes towards working with people living with stigmatised health conditions and behaviours, such as HIV, hepatitis C and injecting drug use. Less is known about health workers' attitudes and concerns around providing care to people living with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is concerning as research indicates that negative attitudes may impact on the quality of care provided to these populations, with adverse health outcomes for clients. The aim of this paper is to examine health and medical workers' concerns about providing care to people living with HBV, and the factors that may influence these concerns. Australian health and medical workers (n = 551) completed an online survey measuring their concerns about providing care to people living with HBV, stigmatising attitudes towards this group, perceived comfort of themselves and colleagues in providing care towards clients with HBV, and witnessing their colleagues behaviour in a discriminatory way towards clients with HBV. Multiple regression was used to ascertain factors predictive of health workers' concerns about working with clients with HBV. Results showed that older participants and those who had spent less time working in the health and medical field had greater concerns about caring for people living with HBV. Workers who did not know someone living with HBV, who were less comfortable around clients with HBV, who perceived their colleagues to be less comfortable working with clients with HBV, and who had more negative attitudes towards this group also had greater concerns around providing care to people living with HBV. Efforts should be made to improve health and medical workers' attitudes towards working with people with HBV. This may also improve workers' level of comfort with people with HBV and reduce the reported reticence they have towards working with this client group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]