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Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in skeletal muscle development, suggesting that thyroid function may influence muscle mass and muscle strength, which are both fundamental health-related indicators of several age-related consequences. However, whether there is a relationship between thyroid hormones, muscle mass, and muscle strength in individuals without thyroid dysfunctions is still unknown. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate whether thyroid hormones are related to muscle mass and strength parameters in euthyroid individuals. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) up to February 14, 2022, for peer-reviewed papers published in English. The search results were conducted independently by two different reviewers. The review included 13 studies with a total of 241,044 participants. All studies were observational: twelve studies measured thyroid stimulating hormone, ten and thirteen studies measured free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, four studies analyzed the thyroid hormone ratio. The assessment methods for muscle mass were computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance analysis, whereas hand dynamometer for muscle strength. Low levels within the normal range of free triiodothyronine, high levels within the normal range of free thyroxine, and lower thyroid hormone ratio may contribute to a reduced muscle function, which seems more evident in older males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in skeletal muscle development, suggesting that thyroid function may influence muscle mass and muscle strength, which are both fundamental health-related indicators of several age-related consequences. However, whether there is a relationship between thyroid hormones, muscle mass, and muscle strength in individuals without thyroid dysfunctions is still unknown. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate whether thyroid hormones are related to muscle mass and strength parameters in euthyroid individuals. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) up to February 14, 2022, for peer-reviewed papers published in English. The search results were conducted independently by two different reviewers. The review included 13 studies with a total of 241,044 participants. All studies were observational: twelve studies measured thyroid stimulating hormone, ten and thirteen studies measured free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, four studies analyzed the thyroid hormone ratio. The assessment methods for muscle mass were computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance analysis, whereas hand dynamometer for muscle strength. Low levels within the normal range of free triiodothyronine, high levels within the normal range of free thyroxine, and lower thyroid hormone ratio may contribute to a reduced muscle function, which seems more evident in older males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Meconium is a common finding in amniotic fluid and placental specimens, particularly in term and post-term pregnancies. The objective of this paper was to perform a meta-analysis to examine the impact of endotracheal suctioning on the occurrence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), mortality, and complications. Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for comparative studies. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences (WMDs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the outcomes. Results Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant impacts of endotracheal suctioning on the occurrence of MAS (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 0.48–19.56), mortality (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.35–4.44), the need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 0.32–54.72), the occurrence of pneumothorax (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.34–2.85), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.58–2.98), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.52–1.30), and length of stay (WMD = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.99–0.77). Conclusion Routine endotracheal suctioning at birth is not useful in preventing MAS, mortality, mechanical ventilation, PPHN, HIE, and prolonged length of stay in neonates born through MSAF. Key Points Routine suctioning is not recommended for newborns. Endotracheal aspiration is not beneficial for MAS. Future research may focus on selected neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to numerous studies, rowing performance is influenced by several factors including rower's biomechanics, rower's physiology, the force generated and stroke style. However, there is a missing gap linking such factors with rowing performance in the available literature. This paper aims to investigate the rowing mechanism in terms of rower anthropometry and physiology, which can impact its biomechanics and performance. The corresponding hydrodynamic force generated by the oar blade to accelerate the boat is also considered in the current study. To test the objectives, systematical online searching was conducted in search of the inclusion literature criteria. All included studies used Preferred Reporting item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to obtain the final collection of articles for this review. In order to rate the quality of the articles, risk bias assessment was performed. A total of 35 studies were included in the assessment. The studies discussed the aspects of anthropometry and physiological of the rower, the biomechanics of the rower, corresponding hydrodynamic force on the oar blade and the rowing mechanism concerning boat performance. Based on the information obtained, an understanding of the important aspects of the rowing mechanism was achieved to provide an update for comprehensive improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a technology that might contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs as a filter test between fecal immunochemical testing and standard colonoscopy. The aim was to systematically review the literature for studies investigating the diagnostic yield of second-generation CCE compared with standard colonoscopy.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Study characteristics including quality of bowel preparation and completeness of CCE transits were extracted. Per-patient sensitivity and specificity were extracted for polyps (any size, ≥ 10 mm, ≥ 6 mm) and lesion characteristics. Meta-analyses of diagnostic yield were performed.Results: The literature search revealed 1077 unique papers and 12 studies were included. Studies involved a total of 2199 patients, of whom 1898 were included in analyses. The rate of patients with adequate bowel preparation varied from 40 % to 100 %. The rates of complete CCE transit varied from 57 % to 100 %. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that mean (95 % confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were: 0.85 (0.73-0.92), 0.85 (0.70-0.93), and 30.5 (16.2-57.2), respectively, for polyps of any size; 0.87 (0.82-0.90), 0.95 (0.92-0.97), and 136.0 (70.6-262.1), respectively, for polyps ≥ 10 mm; and 0.87 (0.83-0.90), 0.88 (0.75-0.95), and 51.1 (19.8-131.8), respectively, for polyps ≥ 6 mm. No serious adverse events were reported for CCE.Conclusion: CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps compared with standard colonoscopy However, the relatively high rate of incomplete investigations limits the application of CCE in a CRC screening setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this meta-analysis, the aims were to examine the effects of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on vascular function. Five databases were searched up to June 2020 for papers about resistance training with blood flow restriction influence on vascular function. The quality of each identified study was evaluated. Effect sizes were estimated in terms of the standardized mean difference. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to participants' age, training duration, and cuff pressure. The results of six studies on arterial compliance and five on vascular function were highly homogenous regarding responses to resistance training with or without blood flow restriction. Resistance training with blood flow restriction had a more positive effect for regulating arterial compliance than resistance training without blood flow restriction, but not for vascular function. Resistance training with blood flow restriction leads to a more positive effect on vascular function than resistance training when training for no longer than four weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  This study sought to assess whether infants exposed to chorioamnionitis are the optimal population to benefit the most from early postnatal hydrocortisone delivery in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This meta-analysis was conducted to discover the efficacy of hydrocortisone in preterm infants with and without chorioamnionitis. Study Design  From the earliest available date until March 2018, studies, review articles, and papers published in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science were reviewed. Randomized controlled trials comparing hydrocortisone with placebo/no intervention in preterm infants with a known status of chorioamnionitis exposure were included. Results  Early postpartum low-dose hydrocortisone prevents the combined outcome of neonatal BPD or death in infants weighing less than 1,000 g with chorioamnionitis exposure (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.52 [0.32–0.79]; risk difference: –0.15 [–0.24 to –0.06]; number needed to treat: 6 [4–16]) but not in infants without chorioamnionitis exposure. Further secondary analysis showed no significant difference between the hydrocortisone group and the placebo group in individual outcomes of BPD or death, regardless of infant exposure to chorioamnionitis. Conclusion  Early application of low-dose hydrocortisone could potentially prevent BPD or death in infants weighing less than 1,000 g with exposure to chorioamnionitis. This finding provides the basis for further study in this target group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]