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• Nurses are often the first responders during times of disasters who play a vital role in preserving life and sustaining all aspects of the health of the disaster-affected community. • This paper underscores the role of nursing curricula and evidence-based teaching learning strategies that can promote the next generation of nurses' preparedness for disaster nursing. Those strategies include classroom-based theory and didactic courses/course content on disaster nursing, integration of interprofessional education in disaster nursing curriculum, clinical experience, simulation and mock disaster training, and involvement of nursing students in research specific to disaster. • The inclusion of disaster management in the nursing curriculum is vital to prepare nurses who are competent, skillful and knowledgeable in providing quality care to disaster-affected communities. Trained nurses with adequate disaster education can serve as a healthcare asset during disasters and are better prepared to deliver healthcare services that are timely, need-based, culturally sensitive, and cost-effective. Disasters can occur anywhere and without warning, requiring proactive action to reduce errors and save lives. Nurses are often the first responders during times of disasters who play a vital role in preserving life and sustaining all aspects of the health of the disaster-affected community. The inclusion of disaster education in the nursing curriculum is vital to prepare nurses who are competent, skillful and knowledgeable in providing quality care to disaster-affected communities. This paper underscores the role of the nursing curriculum and evidence-based teaching learning strategies in preparing the next generation of nurses in providing quality care to the vulnerable population affected by the disaster. Moreover, the paper presents the role of theory and didactic course/course content on disaster nursing, integration of interprofessional education in disaster nursing curriculum, clinical experience, simulation and mock disaster training, and participation in research specific to disaster nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided image denoising recovers clean target images by fusing guidance images and noisy target images. Several deep neural networks have been designed for this task, but they are black-box methods lacking interpretability. To overcome the issue, this paper builds a more interpretable network. To start with, an observation model is proposed to account for modality gap between target and guidance images. Then, this paper formulates a deep prior regularized optimization problem, and solves it by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. The update rules are generalized to design the network architecture. Extensive experiments conducted on FAIP and RNS datasets manifest that the novel network outperforms several state-of-the-art and benchmark methods regarding both evaluation metrics and visual inspection. • This is the first paper to raise the concept of modality gap. • This paper profoundly studies the statistical distribution of modality gap. • The proposed networks outperform the SOTA methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of nurses impacts the care of patients in healthcare settings today both inside and outside of hospitals. Many papers are written about nurses' burnout, depression, poor physical and mental health, weight gain, unhealthy eating patterns, back injury, moral negativity, and lack of job satisfaction. However, little attention has been paid to self-care in nurses. The goal of this paper is to discuss the importance of nurses caring for themselves as they work under stressful conditions regularly. Job satisfaction is necessary for nurses to have a healthy work-life balance and a desire to go to work. There are evidence-based interventions that can make a difference in a nurse's quality of life that can be implemented independently or within the work setting. Suggestions made by researchers include working less than 40 hr/week in a clinical setting, working a consistent time of day without rotations, expressing emotions, taking time to exercise, participating in a support group, and incorporating a place designated as a sanctuary in the clinical setting. Personal ways to improve health includes preparing healthy meals before working a shift, getting proper sleep, utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, participating in mindfulness training, and practicing stress reduction techniques. • Nurses are critical to the care of patients in healthcare. • Evidence-based practice self-care methods can improve a nurse's career. • Work environment impacts job satisfaction and turnover rate. • Physical health, mental health, and work-life balance are key to positive wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer nursing robot plays a vital role in facilitating the movement of elderly individuals or patients who are unable to walk, aiding in transfers between beds, wheelchairs, and operating tables, among others. Given the current societal challenges posed by an aging population and a shortage of caregivers, transfer nursing robots have gained significant attention. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of transfer nursing robots, categorizing them into six distinct types based on their working methods. Each type's working principles and characteristics are described in detail. The transfer nursing robot is a complex integrated system, requiring analysis of key technologies. This paper investigates the application of these technologies in transfer robots and specific types, including structural design, human body force analysis, machine perception, control strategies, human–robot interaction, and comfort considerations. Additionally, it discusses current limitations in the field and identifies future trends for transfer nursing robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this FEPSAC Position Statement is to summarize current knowledge about athletes' dual careers (DCs) in the European context and propose recommendations for future DC research, practice, and policy. Inspired by the European Union's Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes (European Commission, 2012), researchers, practitioners, and policy makers collaborated over the last decade to create the European DC discourse as a context-informed and negotiated body of DC knowledge. In this paper, we proceed from analyzing this body of knowledge using recent review papers and European DC psychological research projects to formulating seven postulates summarizing DC research findings on factors influencing athletes in their striving for DC excellence. These factors include (1) context, (2) pathways and transitions, (3) challenges, (4) resources and coping, (5) support and empowerment, (6) student–athletes' mental health, and (7) DC development environments. In the final section, we acknowledge the contributions of European DC discourse in serving athletes in their pursuit of DC excellence and European DC culture. We also provide a critical discussion on DC knowledge gaps and, on behalf of FEPSAC, offer recommendations for DC research, practice, and policy in Europe. • Role of FEPSAC and European Commission in promoting dual career topic is stressed. • Current knowledge on athletes' dual careers in the European context is summarized. • Pursuit of dual career excellence is supported by seven research-based postulates. • Recommendations for future dual career research, practice, and policy are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no settled definition of nursing science that describes how this field of scientific research is unique. This paper attempts to correct this problem. It uses a combination of historical analysis and abductive argument to support the thesis that nursing science is a sui generis social science that studies how to reconcile clinical ideals or norms that are applicable to practice in nursing with the messiness of human behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the effectiveness of interventions to increase retention of early career nurses, implemented during the pre-registration programme. Retention of nurses is an issue of global concern. The transition period spanning the final year of pre-registration nurse education programmes and the first year of qualified practice is a point of high risk for attrition from the profession. A systematic review without meta-analysis and a thematic synthesis of wider literature, reported using SWiM and ENTREQ guidelines. A convergent segregated approach was used to capture qualitative and quantitative study designs. A systematic review of quantitative papers reporting intervention and retention data and scoping review of a wider body of literature related to interventions supporting transition to qualified practice were conducted. Searches used Medline and CINAHL databases in October 2021. Data extracted from wider literature were inductively collated into themes relating to the intervention type and synthesised. Six papers were included in the systematic review and 27 papers were included in the scoping review. Interventions included internships, externships, clinical immersion programmes, capstone projects, preceptorships and psychological wellbeing programmes. There was a lack of consensus about the benefits of implementing interventions during the final year of pre-registration programmes, but some evidence that interventions incorporating preceptors, expose students to the clinical environment and involve academic/clinical collaboration, report positive outcomes related to transition to qualified practice, which potentially has an impact on motivation to stay in the profession. Greater understanding of interventions supporting student nurses to reduce likelihood of leaving once qualified has been achieved. There is some evidence these interventions lead to increases in retention, but this is limited by the quality of the reporting and the scarcity of data. Consideration should be given to maximizing students' exposure to clinical practice and the benefits that interventions with alternative approaches such as psychological wellbeing programmes may bring. This review has potential to influence effective implementation of interventions to increase retention of early career nurses if clinical practice and academic settings review proposed or actual interventions to maximise added value. the manuscript has been written in adherence with the EQUATOR guidelines following the SWiM reporting guidelines for the systematic review and the ENTREQ guidelines for the scoping review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper presents a study investigating the intricate relationship between work demands, off-work demands, persistent fatigue, sleep patterns, and daily unsafe driving behaviors among hospital nurses. • By using an intensive diary study employing a multilevel longitudinal approach, the study identifies sleep duration as a key factor that mitigates the indirect relationships between demands, persistent fatigue, and unsafe driving. The study, however, did not find statistically significant evidence regarding the conditional indirect effect of sleep quality on unsafe driving via persistent fatigue. • These findings highlight the critical role of sleep duration as a potential mitigating factor against fatigue-induced unsafe driving among nurses, emphasizing the importance of sleep in promoting commuter safety. Hospital nurses frequently experience persistent fatigue and suboptimal sleep, potentially leading to unsafe driving behaviours. The increasing demands placed on nursing services may exacerbate this issue, given the global shortage of nurses, yet this complex relationship and how it affects nurses on a day-to-day basis remains largely underexplored. This study investigates the relationships between work demands, off-work demands, persistent fatigue, and daily unsafe driving among nurses while commuting. Using a multilevel diary study spanning five to seven consecutive days, 172 hospital nurses provided 976 data points with three momentary points per day (T1-T3). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) and Monte-Carlo methods for assessing mediation (2–1-1) and moderated mediation were applied to explore the complex interactions between work demands, off-work demands, persistent fatigue, sleep duration, sleep quality, and unsafe driving. The model was controlled for various factors such as age, gender, number of children, commuting impedance, within-person work demands, and off-work demands. Results revealed positive associations between between-person work demands, off-work demands, persistent fatigue, and unsafe driving while commuting to work on the next shift. Sleep duration was identified as a key factor mitigating the indirect relationships between individual demands, persistent fatigue, and unsafe driving. However, the study did not find significant evidence regarding sleep quality's influence on unsafe driving through persistent fatigue. Overall, this research sheds light on the intricate relationships among work demands, persistent fatigue, sleep, and daily unsafe driving, emphasizing the critical role of sleep in attenuating fatigue-induced risks during nurses' commutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High emergency nursing turnover is problematic and can compromise patient care. • Workplace violence and burnout are common issues that can negatively impact nursing turnover. • There is a paucity of evidence that explores the factors that protect against nursing turnover in the emergency department. • Nursing turnover within the emergency department environment is multifactorial. • Factors that impact nursing turnover differ amongst geographical location, cultures and emergency departments. Internationally, the emergency nursing workforce shortage is of critical concern. To synthesise the evidence and assess the scope of literature regarding factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency nurses. A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach was undertaken. Five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Business Source Complete) were searched for papers published in English between January 2011 and June 2023 where the population was nurses, context was the emergency department, and the concept was turnover or retention. A quality appraisal was performed on included studies. A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies focussed on turnover and five studies focussed on retention. Factors that contribute to ED nursing turnover included workplace violence, personal aspects (e.g., burnout or depression), organisational characteristics, and environmental/ job characteristics. Factors that contributed to ED nursing retention included mentoring programs, the advancement in nursing skills, and the transition to practice speciality (emergency) programs. A large body of literature exists regarding ED nurses' reasons for leaving their area of practice, yet limited evidence exist on retention. Research exploring factors that promote retention of emergency nurses that leads to subsequent stability and growth in the emergency nursing workforce is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacogenomics is the bioscience investigating how genes affect medication responses. Nurses are instrumental in medication safety. Pharmacogenomics is slowly being integrated into healthcare, and knowledge and understanding of it is now pertinent to nursing practice. This paper aims to map the scholarly literature on pharmacogenomics in relation to nurses. A scoping review was conducted in four databases: CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), ProQuest Health and Medicine and PubMed using the search terms pharmacogenomic* , pharmacogenetic* , PGx* , and nurs* , resulting in 263 articles of which 77 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (85 %, n = 65) were non-empirical and 12 presented empirical data (15 %, n = 12). The articles were USA-centric (81 %, n = 62) and represented a broad range of nursing specialties. The majority of scholarly literature on nurses and pharmacogenomics is narrative reviews. Further empirical research is warranted to investigate nurses' current knowledge levels and potential involvement with pharmacogenomics in clinical practice. • This scoping review found that the scholarly literature on nurses and pharmacogenomics predominantly exists of narrative reviews and limited empirical data specific to nurses. • An increased number of articles on nurses and pharmacogenomics have been published in recent years, however, the focus has been on educating nurses rather than offering explicit guidelines to propel the topic forward into nursing practice. • The majority of articles on nurses and pharmacogenomics were published in the US or by authors with an American affiliation, and nurses from other countries and healthcare contexts are encouraged to engage with and conduct research on the topic. • Our review seeks to inspire and motivate nurses to proactively engage with and embrace the evolving landscape of clinical pharmacogenomics as it pertains their nursing practice and context, across clinical, educational or research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the daily practices of caring for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, in early 2020 and the challenges that nurses faced. The paper shows that the affective contagion, especially among patients, introduced unexpected challenges for nurses in caring for COVID-19-infected patients. Nurses had to contend with the challenges of treating both physical and psychological problems in patients simultaneously. As a result, it was necessary for nurses to adapt to the different rhythm of COVID-19 wards to address these challenges and do so through taking on a range of general and specific nursing tasks and playing a diverse range of roles on the wards, from garbage collector to "psychological counselor." Thus, the paper brings attention to the experiences and demands of providing nursing care in an emergency pandemic context, in particular the necessity of responding to both the physical and the psychological needs of patients. These insights could better prepare health services in China and elsewhere in the world for responding effectively to potential future pandemics. • The affective contagion introduced unexpected challenges for nurses in COVID-19 wards. • Nurses adapt to the different working rhythm in COVID-19 wards than in "normal" wards. • A hierarchy of necessity emerged in the context of caring for COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new architecture to perform modular multiplication using Montgomery multiplication in Residue Number System (RNS). Two new balanced four-moduli RNS bases are selected, and the process of RNS Montgomery multiplication, including the required RNS to RNS conversions, is designed and implemented. Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation using the adder-based residue/binary to binary/residue converters and ROM-free in the pipelined architecture has achieved better performance compared to the state-of-the-art works in literature. • Selection of two new balanced RNS bases to exploit the benefits of the well-formed moduli. • Design and implementation of efficient reverse converters required in the process of RNS Montgomery multiplication. • Design a pipelined architecture of RNS Montgomery multiplication to achieve higher performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a deeper understanding of RNs communication related to patient safety. To determine: (1) the associations between the communication of registered nurses (RNs) within their health care teams and the frequency that they reported safety events; (2) the associations between RNs' communication within their health care teams and their perceptions of safety within the hospital unit; and (3) whether RNs' communication had improved from 2016 to 2018. We used the United Kingdom's Safety Culture model as the theoretical framework for this study. Our secondary data analysis from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture included 2016 (n = 5298) and 2018 (n = 3476) using multiple regression models to determine associations between responses for Communication Openness and Feedback & Communication About Error, and outcome responses for Frequency of Events Reported and Overall Perceptions of Safety. Our findings were: 1). In both 2016 and 2018 datasets, Feedback About Error had a greater impact on Reporting Frequency than Open Communication; 2). Feedback About Error had a greater impact on Safety Perceptions than Open Communication; 3). Open Communication and Feedback About Error and their associations with Reporting Frequency and Safety Perceptions showed little change; and, 4). The proportion of variance was low, indicating factors other than Open Communication and Feedback About Error were involved with Reporting Frequency and Safety Perceptions. Pediatric RNs' communication, reporting, and perceptions of patient safety have not improved. (245 words). What is already known about the topic? • Hospitalized children in the United States suffer preventable harm with efforts to reduce iatrogenic injury in children's care not effective. • Nurses fear retaliation when reporting patient safety events in the pediatric care setting. What this paper adds: • Open communication within health care teams did not improve RNs' reporting of incidents that cause children harm. • Feedback from hospital leadership about reported safety events improves RN's perceptions of children's safety and encourages reporting. • RNs will not report safety events unless they feel psychologically safe to report them. Until this happens, children will continue to be harmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain is a prevalent issue worldwide, impacting all healthcare professionals, in particular nurses, and leading to disability. This study aimed to explore the predictive contribution of demographic factors, the presence of LBP, and knowledge about LBP in forecasting the level of disability among nurses in Oman. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire comprising two valid tools: the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire and the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire. A total of 236 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Oman participated in the study. The findings indicate that 66.8% of nurses had low back pain. The low back pain knowledge score was 13.81(SD 4.42). The mean disability score was 9.13 (SD 8.56), indicating mild disability. There is a negative significant association between low back pain knowledge (r = -0.24, p <.004) and disability level. The low back pain presence was also significantly associated with disability level (t (233) = 4.606, p <.001). The results of the regression indicated the two predictors (i.e., knowledge level and low back pain) explained 13 % of the variation in nurses' disability level [F (3,230) = 11.447, p =.01]. Low back pain is prevalent among nurses in Oman, and it is associated with disability. Preventive strategies need to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nurses are essential to keeping patients safe from antibiotic harm. • Organizational context & culture influence nurse engagement in antibiotic stewardship. • Antibiotic stewardship practices can be integrated into nurses' daily workflow. • The SCAN-P Framework provides a guide for nursings' antibiotic stewardship practice. There is a pervasive view among some nurses and health care disciplines that antibiotic stewardship (AS) is solely a physician or pharmacist responsibility. There is an urgent need to alter this view so that nurses can seize every opportunity to prevent patient harm from antibiotics and optimize antibiotic use. One challenge to achieving full nurse engagement as equal members of the AS team is lack of an organizing framework to illustrate relationships of phenomena and concepts inherent to adoption of AS nursing practices. We sought to create a framework derived from the peer-reviewed literature, systematic and scoping reviews, and professional standards, consensus statements and white papers. The emerging framework went through multiple iterations as it was vetted with nurse clinicians, scholars and educators, physicians, pharmacists, infection preventionists and AS subject matter experts. Our evidence-based Antibiotic Stewardship Nursing Practice SCAN-P Framework provides the much-needed context and clarity to help guide local-level nurses to participate in and lead AS nursing practice. Nurses worldwide are ideally situated to provide holistic person-centered care, advocate for judicious use of antibiotics to minimize antibiotic resistance, and be AS educators of their patients, communities and the general public. The Antibiotic Stewardship Nursing Practice SCAN-P Framework provides a tool to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional nursing bodies have had a well-established, collective history of advancing the nursing profession through career development, advocacy, and continuing education. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a historical overview of these entities, leading up to the formation of specialty nursing associations and the emergence of the Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). The Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses is a leader in research, education, and advocacy in the field of women's health, obstetric, and neonatal nursing that has focused on promoting the health and well-being of women, newborns, and their families for the past fifty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries strive to find suitable solutions to offer health services to their populations. Pharmacist-led services are a possible solution to supplement the care offer with a clear advantage of proximity, with demonstrated expertise in medication use. This paper aims to audit the scope of antithrombotic care services available; and to describe the arrangements adopted for meeting the needs of the population. A multi-stage project involved the development of the list of services, generated during a face-to-face expert meeting; the definition of each service by literature search; and their clustering into three main groups (general, specific and support); resulting in an online audit of each service's availability, the settings where the service was available and the possible providers. The audit was distributed to a taskforce devoted to antithrombotic care representing 22 countries, with response obtained for all. Most reported general services were Transfer of care and Comprehensive Medication Review. Among specific services, Point-of-care testing for INR and renal function and Patient Education on antithrombotic care (antiplatelets and anticoagulants) were the most frequent. Interprofessional Education as a support service was very common, but the use of the Choosing Wisely initiative to inform evidence-based decisions was still limited. There was wide diversity found in arrangements for the provision of services to support patients taking antithrombotic medication, albeit specific services were reported in over half the surveyed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses are the largest health professional body globally. Despite the significant role they play in healthcare, nurses exhibit poor dietary habits and have high rates of chronic diseases. Understanding the factors underlying healthy eating for nurses in the workplace is important to implement effective interventions. To identify enablers and barriers related to healthy eating among nurses employed in a hospital setting. A systematic literature review of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021290913). A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and ProQuest databases for papers published after January 2015. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts of 4139 deduplicated studies, performed critical appraisals on eligible studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and extracted data relevant to the research question. This review includes papers that examined nurses' eating behaviours specifically, were conducted in a hospital setting and distinguished healthy eating from other behaviours. Data synthesis was conducted through descriptive summarisation of studies and enablers and barriers were classified according to the socio-ecological model. A total of 29 studies were identified with 8024 participants. 8 studies were qualitative, 18 quantitative, and 3 were mixed method design. At an environmental level, barriers were high accessibility and availability of unhealthy foods, high cost and low availability of healthy foods and lack of storage and preparation facilities, while an enabler was close proximity to healthy options. Novel organisational enablers were considered roster planning which allowed for established routines around meals, and structured workplace programs that encouraged improvement in health behaviours, while barriers were shift work, inconsistent rosters and high work demands. An interpersonal enabler was supportive networks while barriers were work culture, social norms of celebrations and gifts of food from patients. Finally, intrapersonal barriers were stress and fatigue, personal values, beliefs, attitudes, and individual characteristics, with the latter two also acting as enablers. This review identifies the complexity and interconnectedness of enablers and barriers to healthy eating across four domains of the socio-ecological model. Multi-faceted strategies which address factors across several domains are recommended for healthcare organisations to facilitate healthy eating among nurses. Further research is needed to assess these strategies and understand the extent to which eating behaviours can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses face various ethical conflicts when taking care of patients, and such conflicts require moral courage. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of investigating moral courage and its related factors among nurses. To find related studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched using keywords such as Courage, Moral Courage, and Nurses, and no lower time limit was imposed when conducting the searches. The identified studies were published between January 2000 and March 2023. Quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. The pooled sample size for the 19 included studies was 7863. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. Underlying factors of each category are also provided within this paper. Moral courage is an integral part of nursing, which as a profession, is becoming even more challenging with the advancement of science and technology. Therefore, there is a need for nurses and especially nursing managers to be considerate of factors affecting moral courage of nurses, with a view to strengthening the positive factors and reducing the negative impacts. • Finding relevant studies was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. • The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct databases were searched. • The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing staff regarding sarcopenia and explore associating factors that influence them. Sarcopenia has an insidious onset and is easily overlooked. However, it is has become very common in older people, seriously jeopardizing the quality of life in patients. The present situation of nurses in China is inadequate, even though they are the primary professionals tasked with screening for sarcopenia, the ability to recognize and effectively manage the disease, and the critical role they play in preventing and controlling sarcopenia in patients. We conducted a cross-sectional design of nurses. Facilitated sampling was used in seven hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 409 hospital nursing staff participated in the survey from December 2022 to March 2023. The main survey instruments were the nursing staff about the knowledge of sarcopenia, beliefs, a behavior questionnaire, and a self-designed general information questionnaire. Descriptive of general data, t-test, and ANOVA for influencing factors of three dimensions, whereas multiple linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS23.0 software. Questionnaires were distributed to 460 nurses, and of the 426 (92.6%) questionnaires returned, 409 (96.0%) were valid. The total mean score of nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and behavior about sarcopenia was 125.42 (SD 18.97), the mean score of knowledge latitude was 29.09 (SD 7.80), the mean score of attitude dimension was 57.53 (SD 7.63), and the mean score of behavior latitude was 38.80 (SD 10.71). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the nurse's position, Knowledge of sarcopenia, whether or not they were specialist nurses and years of experience in the workplace were the most significant factors correlated with the level of knowledge, belief, and practice (P < 0.05). In China, nurses have little knowledge about sarcopenia, but their attitude towards sarcopenia care is positive. However, there is potential for improvement in nursing behavior toward sarcopenia management. Managers are advised to develop targeted training programs for nurses. Further, it improves their screening and diagnosing abilities, allowing them to prevent and control sarcopenia more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandated minimum nurse-to-patient ratios have been the subject of active debate in the U.S. for over twenty years and are under legislative consideration today in several states and at the federal level. This paper uses the 1999 California nurse staffing mandate as an empirical setting to estimate the causal effects of minimum ratios on hospitals. Minimum ratios led to a 58 min increase in nursing time per patient day and 9 percent increase in the wage bill per patient day in the general medical/surgical acute care unit among treated hospitals. Hospitals responded on several margins: increased use of lower-licensed and younger nurses, reduced capacity by 16 beds (14 percent), and increased bed utilization rates by 0.045 points (8 percent). Using administrative data on discharges for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), I find a significant reduction in length of stay (5 percent) and no effect on the 30-day all-cause readmission rate. The null effect on readmissions suggests that length of stay declined not because hospitals were discharging AMI patients "quicker and sicker", rather, AMI patients recovered more quickly due to an improvement in care quality per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention before and after implementing an educational intervention. A pre-and post-intervention study. Pre-intervention data collection involved administering an instrument, including demographic information, the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool version 2, and the Attitudes towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention instruments. Following the analysis of pre-intervention data, an educational intervention was implemented. Post-intervention data were collected using the same instrument. Intensive care units at three Saudi Arabian hospitals. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention. The pre-intervention phase included 190 participants, and the post-intervention phase included 195 participants. Participants completed a paper-based survey at two different time points between June 2021 and March 2022. The mean pre-intervention scores for nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention were 43.22% and 74.77%, respectively. Following the educational intervention, the knowledge and attitude scores increased significantly to 51.22% and 79.02%, respectively. Higher knowledge of pressure injury prevention was positively associated with positive attitudes towards prevention practices. Age, clinical nursing experience, and experience in intensive care units were identified as factors correlated with knowledge of pressure injury prevention. A Bachelor's qualification or higher predicted better knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention greatly improved following tailored, evidence-based education. The educational intervention featured multiple on-site bedside discussions, case studies, small-group presentations, and the provision of printed resources. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention should be examined, and education provided to ensure evidence-based prevention practices are implemented. Tailored small-group education sessions delivered conveniently could be an effective approach. Efforts should focus on attracting and retaining experienced, highly qualified nurses to ensure the adoption of evidence-based prevention practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematically synthesize research about factors that influence CPD over a nursing career. Continuing professional development (CPD) in nursing is defined as 'a life-long process of active participation in learning activities that assist in developing and maintaining continuing competences, enhancing professional practice and supporting achievement of career goals'. Research has shown that inability to access resources and activities for CPD influences quality of care and adversely affects nurses' satisfaction, recruitment and retention. Although more and more research regarding CPD is done, a comprehensive overview about the needs of nurses for successful CPD is missing. Scoping review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews ensuring all quality standards are met. Between February and April 2020 the electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Psychinfo and Eric were searched as well as reference lists of included papers. Papers published in peer-reviewed journals were included without restrictions on publication date, design or setting. Thematic analysis was done to synthesize the data. The search yielded 2673 papers of which 60 papers were included. Analyses showed that factors that influence CPD differ over a nursing career, which led to the identification of three groups: newly graduated nurses; experienced nurses; and experienced nurses with ambitions for advanced roles. Furthermore, analyses showed that factors for all three groups are related to personal and contextual facilitators and barriers. Newly graduated nurses find it important to be an accepted member of the team. They experience barriers when integrating into the nursing profession, where they for instance experience workplace incivility. Experienced nurses experience contextual barriers related to a lack of supportive structures and inaccessibility of CPD resources. There is limited time and availability of role models and a lack of support from managers and other colleagues. Moreover, the clinical care dynamics influence their ability to pursue CPD. For the experienced nurses with ambitions for advanced roles, an important barrier is that nursing culture emphasizes direct patient care. Often it is unclear what the value is of new nursing roles which makes it difficult for them to develop these. All nurses strive for CPD. However, organizations need to recognize nurses' personal goals and unique strategies as this leads to different needs in CPD. In addition, resources must be made available and accessible before CPD can be successfully pursued by all nurses. Factors that influence Continuing Professional Development differ over a nursing career and are related to personal and contextual facilitators and barriers. All nurses pursue CPD, but all have personal goals, use unique strategies and therefore have different needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this scoping review is to summarize and critically evaluate research focused on nursing bridging education programs internationally. Specifically, this review addresses bridging from a: (1) Personal Support Worker (or similar) to a Registered Practical Nurse (or similar); and (2) Registered Practical Nurse (or similar) to a Registered Nurse. Nursing bridging education programs support learners to move from one level of educational preparation or practice to another. These programs can therefore increase nursing workforce capacity. Global healthcare systems have faced nursing shortages for decades. Moreover, the presently insufficient nursing workforce is confronting an ever-increasing volume of needed healthcare that is rising with the global ageing demographic shift. The Joanna Briggs Institute methods for scoping reviews, combined with Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) guidelines, were used with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, EMBASE and SCOPUS databases were searched. Articles published in English that included Personal Support Workers, Registered Practical Nurses, Registered Nurses and/or nurses in similar categories who were studied through the process of a nursing bridging education program were included in the review. The study search was limited to papers published after 2005 (i.e., the beginning of nurse workload "overload" according to the Canadian Nurses Association). Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis was used in a content analysis of the included studies. A total of 15 articles published between 2005 and 2022 were included. Four themes were generated: (1) participating in bridging education programs fuels both professional and personal development; (2) nursing bridging education programs enhance diversity in the nursing workforce; (3) student nurses do not anticipate the challenges associated with participating in a bridging program; and (4) mentor-mentee connection promotes academic learning and successful completion of nursing bridging education programs. Despite experiencing challenges, participation in/completion of nursing bridging education programs leads to successful role transitioning and self-reported fulfillment of personal and professional aspirations. This review revealed the need for bridging programs to accommodate the unique needs of student nurses. Incorporation of support services, mentorship and faculty familiarity with varying nursing educational backgrounds facilitates role transitions by reducing the perceived challenges of bridging and promoting connection to foster learning. Nursing bridging education programs allow greater numbers of nurses to be trained to build workforce capacity and enable care for the world's rapidly ageing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper suggests an algorithm for finding Residue Number Systems (RNS) with six modules (6-tuples) with the Sum of Quotients S Q = 2 k for some positive integer k. It is shown that there are exactly thirteen such 6-tuples (m 1 , ... , m 6) with m 1 + m 2 ≤ 10000 and m 3 + m 4 ≤ m 5 + m 6 ≤ 10000 and investigated the three smallest among them, namely (5 , 2399 , 7 , 11 , 23 , 1691) , (47 , 293 , 25 , 193 , 41 , 257) , and (23 , 1433 , 13 , 29 , 681 , 821) , having k = 34 , 36, and 40, respectively. The hypothesis is that such RNS allow efficient hardware implementations of non-modular operations — division, sign detection, comparison of numbers, and reverse conversion from the point of hardware resource usage and balancedness. The special case S Q = 2 k allows a significant simplification of these operations and increased efficiency of hardware implementations. Hardware modeling of circuits based on the above 6-tuples that implement magnitude comparison and reverse RNS to binary conversion (reverse conversion) is presented. The suggested magnitude comparison and reverse conversion devices, which operate with the six modules, are built using the methodology and values of the diagonal function, carry-save, and Kogge-Stone adders. The results of FPGA-based hardware modeling and the theoretical parameters of devices calculated using the unit-gate model are compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The unit-gate model showed that the use of the proposed circuits allows us to reduce the area by 17.82%–50.81% and the delay by 1.56%–97.76% for the implementation of the magnitude comparison, and to reduce the delay by 2.80%–95.03% for the implementation of reverse conversion. The FPGA synthesis also showed that the new design has reduced the area and delay by 46.96%–86.80% and 7.15%–47.65%, respectively, for the implementation of magnitude comparison and reduced the delay by 13.63%–81.53% for the implementation of reverse conversion. It is shown that a proposed technique to measure the RNS balance can adequately reflect differences in the RNS performance. [Display omitted] • An algorithm for finding Residue Number Systems (RNS) with six modules and Sum of Quotients 2 k was developed. • Presented RNS preserve the usual advantages of RNS but also allow efficient hardware implementations of non-modular operations — division, sign detection, comparison of numbers, and reverse conversion. It was proved that exactly thirteen 6-tuples with S Q = 2 k exist under certain restrictions. • A measure of RNS balance was applied to the three smallest among the discovered 6-tuples and recommendations for their applications in practice were given. • Hardware modeling of circuits based on the three smallest 6-tuples that implement magnitude comparison and reverse RNS to binary conversion was presented. • Theoretic and practice (hardware implementation in FPGA) comparisons of our findings with the most effective state-of-the-art techniques (Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), CRT with fraction values, Mixed Radix Conversion) were provided and the efficiency of the proposed solution was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, investigation is performed on the design of efficient modulo 2n+1 adders, subtractors and add/subtract units for weighted operands. The existing modulo 2n+1 adder, subtractor architectures are reviewed and compared. A new efficient modulo 2n+1 adder architecture for weighted operands is also presented. The proposed modulo 2n+1 adders and one of the existing most efficient modulo 2n+1 subtractors are combined into a modulo 2n+1 add/subtract unit. The proposed modulo 2n+1 add/subtract units exhibit decreased area and power complexity when compared to existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium is a multifactorial syndrome closely associated with negative hospitalisation outcomes. Given the global growth of the ageing population, delirium becomes increasingly prevalent among older persons. Nurses play a pivotal role in delirium management and receive direct impacts of delirious presentations. Yet, there is a dearth of literature reviewing nurses' experiences. To synthesise the best available evidence exploring nurses' experiences in managing delirium of older persons in acute care wards. Systematic review of qualitative studies and meta-aggregation. Published and unpublished literature between January 2010 and December 2020 were identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, PsycINFO and ProQuest. A systematic search strategy was applied in October 2020, with an update in January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and selected the eligible studies after reading the full texts. This review included studies focusing on licensed nurses providing care to patients aged 65 and above, having any type of delirium during their hospitalisation stays in acute care settings. Studies included are qualitative papers with research designs such as phenomenology, ethnography, qualitative descriptive and grounded theory. The eligible studies were appraised independently using The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Data of included studies were extracted by two independent reviewers using a standardised form. Findings were synthesised by the meta-aggregative approach. Thirty-one papers that considered nurses' (n = 464) experiences in managing older persons' delirium were included. A total of 375 findings were extracted, aggregated into 23 categories, and developed 5 synthesised findings: (i) delirium detection could be hindered when nurses possess a narrowed view of delirium, (ii) nurses navigate through complexity when providing multi-faceted care, (iii) nurses carry personal emotions, assumptions, and identities, (iv) various stakeholders have double-edged influences, and (v) nurses display preferences in their learning needs. This review informed about nurses' perceptions of delirium, delirious older persons, and their nursing management which were specific to older persons and acute care settings. Nurses should practise self-awareness regarding their own knowledge and attitudes while performing delirium management in older adults. Meanwhile, healthcare professionals and policymakers should make a concerted effort in cultivating a better working environment. Future research of delirium care that specifically investigates with a geriatric perspective would better contribute to the improvement of evidence-based nursing practices for older persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate situation awareness has been identified as a critical component of effective deteriorating patient response systems and an essential patient safety skill for nursing practice. However, situation awareness has been defined and theorised from multiple perspectives to explain how individuals, teams and systems maintain awareness in dynamic task environments. Our aim was to critically analyse the different approaches taken to the study of situation awareness in healthcare and explore the implications for nursing practice and research as it relates to clinical deterioration in ward contexts. We undertook a meta-narrative review of the healthcare literature to capture how situation awareness has been defined, theorised and studied in healthcare. Following an initial scoping review, we conducted an extensive search of ten electronic databases and included any theoretical, empirical or critical papers with a primary focus on situation awareness in an inpatient hospital setting. Included papers were collaboratively categorised in accordance with their theoretical framing, research tradition and paradigm with a narrative review presented. A total of 120 papers were included in this review. Three overarching narratives reflecting philosophical, patient safety and solution focussed framings of situation awareness and seven meta-narratives were identified as follows: individual, team and systems perspectives of situation awareness (meta-narratives 1–3), situation awareness and patient safety (meta-narrative 4), communication tools, technologies and education to support situation awareness (meta-narratives 5–7). We identified a concentration of literature from anaesthesia and operating rooms and a body of research largely located within a cognitive engineering tradition and a positivist research paradigm. Endsley's situation awareness model was applied in over 80% of the papers reviewed. A minority of papers drew on alternative situation awareness theories including constructivist, collaborative and distributed perspectives. Nurses have a critical role in identifying and escalating the care of deteriorating patients. There is a need to build on prior studies and reflect on the reality of nurse's work and the constraints imposed on situation awareness by the demands of busy inpatient wards. We suggest that this will require an analysis that complements but goes beyond the dominant cognitive engineering tradition to reflect the complex socio-cultural reality of ward-based teams and to explore how situation awareness emerges in increasingly complex, technologically enabled distributed healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safe and high-quality end of life care is not always achieved in acute care hospitals. Nurses represent a key source of information about current practice, and active participants in interventions to improve end of life care in these settings. Examining the volume, type and quality of publications in this field can help to determine whether research is following a natural scientific progression to inform best-practice end of life care. To systematically review: (i) whether the volume and type of publications (i.e. measurement, descriptive or interventions studies) examining nurses' perceptions of, and involvement in, end-of-life care delivered in acute hospitals changed over time (i.e. since 2000); (ii) the proportion of intervention studies involving nurses that meet Risk of Bias research design criteria; and (iii) the effectiveness of intervention studies that met minimum Risk of Bias criteria. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychInfo were searched for data-based papers published in English between Jan 2000 and Dec 2020. Studies were included if they focused on nurses' perceptions of, or role in, the provision of end-of-life care in hospitals. Eligible papers were classified as descriptive, measurement or intervention studies. Intervention studies were assessed against the Risk of Bias methodological criteria for research design, and their effectiveness examined. A total of 131 papers met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. The number increased by 31% in each time period (p < 0.0001). Most studies were descriptive (n = 70; 53%), 11 were measurement studies (8%), and the remainder were intervention studies (n = 50; 38%). Thirteen intervention studies (26%) met eligibility criteria. Methodological quality of the eligible intervention studies was variable. Randomisation and blinding of outcome assessors were the domains of greatest concern. Results were variable, with larger, system-wide interventions that incorporated the expertise of the multidisciplinary healthcare team showing the most promise. There is an increasing number of studies examining nurses' perceptions of, and involvement in, end-of-life care delivered in acute hospitals. The difficulties of conducting intervention research in this field mean that many studies are descriptive in nature. Given the importance of intervention research in establishing causal relationships, larger-scale intervention studies are essential to improving the quality of end-of-life care provided to patients dying in hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the various teaching and learning modalities for the delivery of Continuing Professional Development activities for health care professionals in the long-term care sector. Continuing Professional Development is a key activity that organisations undertake to achieve effective workforce planning, recruitment, retention and upskilling strategies in long-term care settings. During the Covid-19 pandemic there was a rapid move to online modalities of Continuous Professional Development, but there is a paucity of evidence in relation to their effectiveness compared with face-to-face, or in-class learning. A rapid synthesis review. MEDLINE, CINAHL and HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE databases were used to identify relevant articles that were published between 2016 and 2022. Original studies of any design investigating Continuing Professional Development activities, with or without a comparison between interventions or activities were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was followed. The Kirkpatrick model was adopted as a globally recognised method for evaluating training programmes. After a full text analysis, 34 papers were included in the review. Face to face was the most common method of delivery followed by online, while blended (a mix of face-to-face and online delivery) was the least common method used. The teaching modalities were not associated with specific learning contents, but were used for a range of content. Most studies obtained positive outcomes following implementation of the educational interventions. Kirkpatrick Level 4 (results) was the most commonly measured outcome. While blended learning was the least common method of delivery, it was found to be more beneficial for learners than face-to-face or online exclusively. There are now new spaces to learn and new technologies that allow us to 'reimagine' where, when and how we teach. This requires Continuing Professional Development providers to design and tailor their courses according to health professionals' learning needs and the clinical contexts where they work. We recommend that Continuing Professional Development providers involve employers when designing teaching and learning activities for Long Term Care workers, to decide which modalities enable effective knowledge translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to one third of all stroke patients suffer from one or more psychosocial impairments. Recognition and treatment of these impairments are essential in improving psychosocial well-being after stroke. Although nurses are ideally positioned to address psychosocial well-being, they often feel insecure about providing the needed psychosocial care. Therefore, we expect that providing nurses with better knowledge to deliver this care could lead to an improvement in psychosocial well-being after stroke. Currently it is not known which interventions are effective and what aspects of these interventions are most effective to improve psychosocial well-being after stroke. To identify potentially effective interventions – and intervention components – which can be delivered by nurses to improve patients' psychosocial well-being after stroke. A systematic review and data synthesis of randomized controlled trials and quasi experimental studies was conducted. Papers were included according to the following criteria: 1) before-after design, 2) all types of stroke patients, 3) interventions that can be delivered by nurses, 4) the primary outcome(s) were psychosocial. PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane library were searched (August 2019–April 2022). Articles were selected based on title, abstract, full text and quality. Quality was assessed by using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and a standardized data extraction form developed by Joanna Brigss Institute was used to extract the data. In total 60 studies were included, of which 52 randomized controlled trials, three non-randomized controlled trials, four quasi-experimental studies, and one randomized cross-over study. Nineteen studies had a clear psychosocial content, twenty-nine a partly psychosocial content, and twelve no psychosocial content. Thirty-nine interventions that showed positive effects on psychosocial well-being after stroke were identified. Effective intervention topics were found to be mood, recovery, coping, emotions, consequences/problems after stroke, values and needs, risk factors and secondary prevention, self-management, and medication management. Active information and physical exercise were identified as effective methods of delivery. The results suggest that interventions to improve psychosocial well-being should include the intervention topics and methods of delivery that were identified as effective. Since effectiveness of the intervention can depend on the interaction of intervention components, these interactions should be studied. Nurses and patients should be involved in the development of such interventions to ensure it can be used by nurses and will help improve patients' psychosocial well-being. This study was supported by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA (RAAK.PUB04.010). This review was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the factors influencing the adoption of teaching, social and cognitive presence in online nursing education and explain the novice nurse academics journey in adopting these aspects. The quality of the online/blended courses is about the content and a need for suitable pedagogical design, clear instructions and a collaborative environment based on a valid and reliable theoretical framework. A qualitative study involves semi-structured interviews with 11 nurse academics from three Australian Universities and thematic analysis was conducted. The Community of Inquiry framework informed three themes including several factors in each from the interviews: (1) Teaching Presence (TP): the lack of understanding of educational theory use, the inadequate course evaluation and the resources scarcity found to be the factors affecting the adoption of TP in online nursing education; (2) Social Presence: the engagement difficulty and creating a learning community affected the adoption of SP; and (3) Cognitive Presence: the variety in learning styles and formative assessment and discussion forums found to be affecting the adoption of CP. This study paper is unique because it uses the Community of Inquiry framework and Meleis's Transition Theory and provides insight on how to facilitate the transition [from role insufficiencies to role supplementation to role mastery] of nurse academics' journey in adopting teaching, social and cognitive presence for online higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposing a one-hot-encoding based reverse converter for regular and one-hot RNS. • Removing the performance gap between the reverse converter and the arithmetic unit. • Providing consecutive bit dynamic ranges across different types of moduli sets. • Correcting single residue errors based on majority voting between one-hot residues. • Correcting 98.5% of multibit soft errors occurring in the whole RRNS architecture. Residue number system (RNS) speeds up digital signal processing systems involving dominant addition and multiplication. Addition and multiplication are accelerated further and performed with a balanced performance on one-hot coded (OHC) residue digits. However, the high complexity of the RNS reverse converter (RC) may kill the performance gain. This paper proposes a high-speed and scalable RNS-RC for both regular and one-hot RNS. For redundant RNS (RRNS), an RRNS-RC is proposed, which based on majority-voting between OHC residue digits, corrects multibit soft errors occurring in a single residue channel. With pass-transistor logic and low-power FinFETs, the proposed RCs are optimized. The simulated RRNS-RC corrected 98.5% of soft errors, while consuming 7, 6.2 and 0.4% of the system's area, leakage power and dynamic power, respectively. As compared to the leading lookup table RC in the literature, RNS-RC exhibited 10.3X, 4.4X and 1.8X savings in area, average power, and delay, respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) plays a vital role in privacy-preserving outsourcing computing and cloud computing security. However, efficiency is still the main factor limiting the actual use of FHE. This paper presents an area-efficient reconfigurable multi-core array architecture (named RMCA) and mapping method for the RNS variant of CKKS scheme. To accelerate the time-consuming polynomial multiplication, we present an improved NTT/INTT algorithm without pre/post-processing and a reconfigurable processing element (PE) unit that can be configured as NTT, INTT and modular multiplier. Also, a memory-saving NTT architecture and memory organization of the twiddle factor are introduced to reduce the data and twiddle factor memory overhead by 25 % and 50 %, respectively. Furthermore, targeting the computational requirements of RNS-CKKS, a unified computational model and distributed on-chip memory organization are presented for RMCA. Lastly, all the computational units involved in the homomorphic evaluation of RNS-CKKS are optimized and mapped on RMCA reasonably. When evaluated on Virtex UltraScale XCVU190 FPGA at 300 MHz, RMCA can perform 9154, 4308 and 1743 homomorphic multiplications per second for N = 4096, 8192 and 16384, respectively, and the area-time-products (ATPs) are improved by 1.11×∼8.60 × for a wide range of parameter sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that 200 million girls/women are living with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). FGM is a violation of human rights. It has detrimental effects on girls/women's physical and psychological health. Nurses and midwives have an essential role in the management and prevention of FGM. The aim of this paper is to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives in Cyprus and Kenya regarding FGM. A quantitative methodology was applied with the use of an online survey. The sample consisted of 231 Kenyan and Cyprus nurses and midwives. Most of the participants reported being aware of the issue of FGM. It seems that no protocols exist in managing FGM complications. Although participants have some knowledge regarding FGM, results revealed the need for further training. They underlined the need for adoption or development of protocols at workplace. Some participants seemed to be skeptical regarding the medicalization of FGM. • FGM is a violation of human rights • FGM affects girls/women's physical and psychological health • Midwives expressed the need for training on FGM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant proportion of the United Kingdom's (UK's) healthcare workforce comprises people from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) backgrounds. Evidence shows that this population is under-represented at senior management levels. A collaborative leadership development initiative for BME nurses and midwives, by involving their line managers and mentors, was designed and implemented in a Scottish Health Board. This paper affirms the importance of a collaborative initiative that is targeted to support BME nurses and midwives for leadership development and career progression, and the promotion of an inclusive organisational culture to improve team work, and service standards. This initiative adopted an Action Research approach. The programme began with collectively exploring participants' understanding of BME workforce development challenges, then planning and delivering a targeted leadership development training, and then evaluating it, in a cyclical way. With support from the project facilitators, line managers and mentors, a significant number of BME participants have gone on to achieve career progression. Participating line-managers and mentors have gained an in-depth and nuance understanding of workforce diversity, individuals' potentials, unconscious biases, and the importance of an inclusive organisational culture. All participants reported that they have learned to become more reflective in their professional practice, and more able to explore, embrace, and promote inclusive workplace culture. BME participants reported feeling that they were valued members of staff, and that this had led to a positive impact on team work and better patientcare outcome. The project has opened a new window into the world of the BME workforce. Findings highlight the value of a diverse workforce, and of an inclusive organisational culture being crucial for effective team work, and of overall benefit to workforce management. Finally, a collaborative initiative like this can successfully improve team work to deliver better patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of registered nurses towards safe patient care has been demonstrated in many studies. However, most of the evidence linking staffing levels to outcomes is cross-sectional with intrinsic limitations including an inability to establish that presumed cause (staffing) precedes the effect. No reviews have summarised longitudinal studies considering nurse staffing and patient outcomes. To identify and assess the evidence for an association between nurse staffing levels, including the composition of the nursing team, and patient outcomes in acute care settings from longitudinal studies. We undertook a systematic review of studies where the association between nurse staffing with patient outcomes was assessed in a longitudinal design. Studies with repeated cross-sectional analyses were excluded unless a difference-in-difference design was used. We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to February 2022. We used the ROBINS-I tool to assess risk of bias. We synthesised results in a tabular form and a narrative grouped by outcome. 27 papers were included. Studies were conducted in a variety of settings and populations, including adult general medical/surgical wards and adult and neonatal intensive care units. Staffing measures were operationalised in a variety of different ways, making direct comparisons between studies difficult and pooled estimates impossible. Most studies were either at serious (n = 12) or critical (n = 5) risk of bias, with only 3 studies at low risk of bias. Studies with the most risk of bias were judged as likely to underestimate the effect of higher registered nurse staffing. Findings are consistent with an overall picture of a beneficial effect from higher registered nurse staffing on preventing patient death. The evidence is less clear for other patient outcomes with a higher risk of bias, but in general the proposition that higher registered nurse staffing is likely to lead to better patient outcomes is supported. Evidence about the contribution of other nursing staff groups is unclear. The causal relationship between low registered nurse staffing and mortality is plausible and these estimates of relationships from longitudinal studies provide further support. To address residual uncertainties, future studies should be conducted in more than one hospital and using standardised measures when reporting staffing levels. Having more registered nurses on hospital wards is causally linked to reduced mortality – new review shows there is little room for doubt @ora_dall @workforcesoton @turnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To define the role and scope of nursing practice within the global context of the euthanasia process by reviewing international legislation and scientific literature. Euthanasia is a controversial ethical topic that has been widely discussed. The provision of euthanasia involves a multidisciplinary health care team, in which nurses often have secondary roles. However, nurses play key roles in all major healthcare processes. As increasing numbers of countries are currently regulating or considering the inclusion of euthanasia as a healthcare service, there is an urgent need to define nurses' roles and participation in this process. A scoping review of research published in English, Spanish, French, Dutch, or Portuguese between 1992 and April 2021 was undertaken. Medline (PubMed), CinahlPlus, EMBASE, WoS, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for eligible articles. Data were analysed using an adapted version of Arksey and O'Malley's framework methodology. A total of 31 scientific papers, and 11 legislation documents were included. Analyses of current laws showed that few territories have legislation with well-defined nurses' roles. Based on the scientific research, we identified 15 roles and 80 tasks nurses assume during the euthanasia process. We divided our results into five categories: initial care and accompaniment, evaluation of patient's condition, euthanasia procedure, debriefing and notification, and overall role. Nurses perform tasks throughout the euthanasia process. The review of the current legislation and the existing body of scientific literature showed a lack of legislation of the roles nurses assume, thus leading them to participate in practices outside of the legal framework. Policymakers should take into consideration the wide range of roles and tasks nurses assume in the provision of euthanasia to meet their educational and support needs and ensure they are effectively included in this complex process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that the interventions of practice education facilitators, who liaise between the higher education institution and the clinical placement sites, may strengthen the clinical learning environment for nursing students. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning the value of these roles in nursing education. The objective of this study was to explore how, under what circumstances and why the practice education facilitator role can strengthen the clinical learning environment for nursing students. A realist review was conducted to understand the contextual factors and mechanisms that support or hinder the capacity of the practice education facilitator to strengthen the clinical learning environment for nursing students. The settings are clinical areas where nursing students are directly involved with patient care. The participants comprised academic and clinical staff involved in clinical nursing education. This realist review was conducted in three overlapping and iterative phases: (1) the development of an initial programme theory explaining how the practice education facilitator role is thought to strengthen the clinical learning environment; (2) structured searches, screening and data extraction; and (3) analysis and synthesis to develop and refine the programme theory. The review included 27 research papers. Evidence from these studies led to the development of five context–mechanism–outcome configurations that explain how, under what circumstances and why practice education facilitators can (or can fail to) strengthen the clinical learning environment. Factors such as practice education facilitators' visibility and accessibility in the clinical area and their clinical credibility were found to influence whether clinical supervisors took the opportunity to seek support and guidance from them. Moreover, ward culture regarding student learning and opportunities to prepare for the role were found to influence clinical supervisors' motivation to carry out the functions of the role and develop professionally; this in turn further influenced whether they used the resources provided by the practice education facilitator. Theory-based explanations of how, under what circumstances and why the practice education facilitator role may strengthen the clinical learning environment of nursing students may support further development of this role in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical research nurses (CRNs) are a specialty of Registered Nurses that are highly trained to support the breadth of clinical trial operations and manage participant care in community settings new to research. CRNs are uniquely equipped with a scope of practice that permits product administration, participant assessments, and data management. As clinical trials and their management expand beyond traditional, site-based operations models to decentralized or remote models, the need becomes great to ensure adequate staffing of experienced research professionals, such as CRNs. However, the 2020 National Nursing Workforce Survey reported consecutive contractions in the number of CRNs practicing in the U.S in both 2017 and 2020 surveys when compared to previous reports in 2013 and 2015. The Society of Clinical Research Associates 2020 Salary Survey further described much of the current CRN workforce as nearing or at retirement age, raising concern for additional reductions. This workforce contraction tangents one of the highest volumes of clinical trial starts in modern history, prompting concern for adequate staffing of CRNs to facilitate continued examination of novel therapies and devices. Complex investigative products and evolving safety profiles coupled with an increased focus on community participant enrollment requires CRN involvement in heightened safety monitoring and interdisciplinary communication among clinical providers and research collaborators. This paper examines the contributory factors of the CRN workforce contraction and response efforts at professional and organizational system levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nurse Rostering Problem (NRP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that deals with assignment of nurses to shifts based on a set of constraints. The real-life NRP applications are difficult to solve because of the fact that the problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we focus on two main aspects of the problem, model and solution methodology. Firstly, we propose a novel model that also considers unit assignments. Majority of the studies in the literature accounts for nurse, day, and shift assignments. Due to skill and experience levels, not every nurse can be assigned to every unit. Therefore, accounting for unit assignments helps the model to be more accurate in terms of real-life scenarios. Lastly, we propose a new mathematical based heuristic that combines Integer Programming (IP) and Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). IP is used to generate initial schedules and PSO further improves the schedule. Any infeasibility is corrected by IP along the process. IP and PSO coordinate until final stopping criterion. Computational experiments on test data show that the proposed algorithm generates near optimal solutions. • Nurse rostering problem that considers skills both in the hard and soft constraints is addressed. • A novel model that considers unit assignments is developed. • The model also accounts for last minute day on and off requests. • A mat-heuristic technique that combines the strength of IP and the flexibility of meta-heuristics is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mental Health Act as amended 2007 democratised who could qualify for the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) role to include not only social workers, but psychologists, occupational therapists, and nurses. The amendments raised questions on how to appropriately train AMHPs from the professional groups without social work education to have adequate skills and decision-making capacity when considering the use of compulsory powers. Essential to the AMHP role is the obligation to 'bear in mind the social perspective', which incorporates the social dimensions to a persons mental health presentation and is considered a safeguard against the erroneous detention of service users. However, despite claims to further professionalise AMHPs there has been a difficulty defining what AMHP expertise is. This paper draws upon 'theories of professionalisation' to argue that the genericism movement and the adoption of New Public Management has limited the professionalisation of AMHPs and therefore adequate implementation of 'the social perspective'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 was identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in December 2020. Advanced Clinical Practitioners (ACPs) in England working with older people with frailty, experienced their clinical role changing in response to the emergency health needs of this complex population group. In contrast to other countries, in England Advanced Clinical Practitioners are drawn from both nursing and allied health professions. Whilst much of the literature emphasises the importance of ensuring the sustainability of the Advanced Clinical Practitioners' role, the pandemic threw further light on its potential and challenges. However, an initial review of the literature highlighted a lack of research of Advanced Clinical Practitioners' capabilities working with uncertainty in disaster response situations. To capture the lived experience of how English Advanced Clinical Practitioners working with older people adapted their roles in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020–January 2021). A qualitative research design was used. Following ethical approval, 23 Advanced Clinical Practitioner volunteer participants from across England with varied health professional backgrounds were recruited from Advanced Clinical Practitioners' professional and social media networks on Twitter using a snowballing technique. Depending on preference or availability, 23 participants (nurses (18), physiotherapists (2), paramedics (2) and a pharmacist (1)) were interviewed singularly (n = 9) or as part of 3 focus groups (n = 14) using Zoom video communication. Audio recordings were transcribed and using qualitative data analysis software, NVivo 12 pro, coded for an essentialist thematic analysis of Advanced Clinical Practitioners' responses using an inductive approach. 27 codes were identified and collated into five themes. For the purposes of this paper, four themes are discussed: experiencing different work, developing attributes, negotiating barriers and changing future provision. Advanced Clinical Practitioners successfully transferred their advanced practice skills into areas of clinical need during the pandemic. Their autonomous and generic, high level of expertise equipped them for management and leadership positions where speed of change, and the dissolution of traditional professional boundaries, were prioritised. Barriers to progress included a lack of knowledge of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner role and friction between Advanced Clinical Practitioners and physicians. The study demonstrated the successful adaption of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner role to enable more creative, personalised and sustainable solutions in the care of older people living with frailty during the pandemic. The potential of Advanced Clinical Practitioner development is in a juxtaposition to the threat of pandemic services being dismantled once the emergency nature of care has passed. Healthcare organisations have a vital part to play in considering the enablers and barriers of Advanced Clinical Practitioner capability-based practice when responding to uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in several countries shows higher Covid-19 vaccination willingness and uptake among physicians than nurses. Our paper aims to characterize and explain this difference. In early 2021, we surveyed 1047 U.S. primary care professionals who served adolescents, ages 11–17. The national sample included physicians (71%) as well as nurses and advanced practice providers. The survey assessed the three domains of the Increasing Vaccination Model: thinking and feeling , social processes , and direct behavior change. Covid-19 vaccine uptake was higher among physicians than among nurses and advanced practice providers (91% vs. 76%, p <.05). Overall, in the thinking and feeling domain, higher confidence in Covid-19 vaccination, higher perceived susceptibility to the disease, and stronger anticipated regret were associated with higher vaccine uptake (all p <.05). In the social processes domain, perceiving more positive social norms for Covid-19 vaccination, receiving recommendations to get the vaccine, and wanting to help others were associated with higher vaccine uptake (all p <.05). In the direct behavior change domain, receiving an invitation to get the vaccine and better access to vaccination were associated with higher uptake (both p <.05). Of these variables, most of the thinking and feeling and social processes variables mediated the association of training with vaccine uptake. Physicians had higher Covid-19 vaccine uptake than nurses and advanced practice providers, corresponding with their more supportive vaccine beliefs and social experiences. Efforts to reach the remaining unvaccinated cohort can build on these findings. • Covid-19 vaccine uptake among advanced practice providers and nurses was lower than in physicians. • Vaccine confidence and social norms explained the difference in Covid-19 vaccine uptake. • Recommendations from employers and providers suppressed some differences in vaccination. • Behavioral nudges – invitation and incentives – were associated with more vaccine uptake. • Offers directions and contexts for future vaccination interventions and programs in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cohort of people requiring in-hospital rehabilitation continues to age and experience more co-morbidities. How these changes impact the role of the rehabilitation nurse within rehabilitation teams is not clearly established. Describe how nurses work within rehabilitation teams in hospital-based rehabilitation units. Scoping review Four datasets, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched. Studies were selected if they focused on nurses' roles in rehabilitation teams and were conducted in adult inpatient settings. Data were extracted and analysed by two researchers. An inductive descriptive approach was used for the analysis. Themes were finalised in a consensus meeting with the team. Twenty-four papers from Europe, United Kingdom, Canada and Australasia were found. Two themes were derived from the data: 'Nursing work is essential but rendered invisible' and 'Fluctuating teams and patient goals are momentarily stabilised through formal structures and processes'. Nurses were found to be working with three models of care, clinical, personal and rehabilitation within a culture focused only on rehabilitation. Nurses predominantly used relationship-based ad hoc communication strategies with other team members. Relationship-based interprofessional communication momentarily stabilises nurses' rehabilitation practice. Reframing rehabilitation nursing, to acknowledge the multiple models of care and communication mechanisms that are used in interprofessional teams is required. Building the team's capacity to work collaboratively in the fluctuating environment of rehabilitation requires attention to how intersubjectivity can be developed. Tweetable abstract: Scoping the role of nurses in rehabilitation care teams [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to synthesise the best available evidence on the effectiveness of education interventions to teach evidence-based practice (EBP) on nurse-related and patient-related outcomes. This is a systematic review and meta-analytic paper. Published and unpublished studies in English were searched from 10 databases from 2005 to 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) describing education interventions to improve EBP knowledge, skills, attitude, confidence and behaviours among nurses were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened, appraised and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model to synthesise data using review manager software. Standardised mean difference (SMD) represented an effect measure. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran-Q square test and I square statistics. Subgroup and narrative synthesis were also conducted. Ten studies (6 RCTs and 4 CCTs) were selected for this review. Results from a CCT suggested that education interventions improved EBP knowledge with a large effect size (SMD = 2.01). Education interventions also enhanced EBP skills (n = 1), combined knowledge/skills (SMD = 0.48, N = 5), attitude toward EBP (SMD = 0.39, N = 4), confidence to conduct EBP (SMD = 0.43, n = 1) and EBP behaviour (SMD = 0.26, n = 5). None of the studies used patient-related outcomes. Overall, education interventions improved nurses' EBP knowledge, skills, attitude, confidence and behaviour. EBP education interventions should be part of nurses' professional development in clinical settings. The interventions may be delivered through combined lectures, group discussions, hands-on practice via face-to-face and/or online learning. Future research should test education interventions using RCTs, large sample size, and in-depth qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health inequities exist for racial groups as a result of political, societal, historical and economic injustices, such as colonisation and racism. To address this, health professions have applied various health education pedagogies to equip learners to contribute better to cultural safety. The aim of this realist review was to provide an overview of cultural safety programs that evaluate transition of learning to practice to generate program theory as to what strategies best translate cultural safety theory to practice for nurses and midwives. A systematic review following realist review publication standards. Nine papers were selected from six databases, from inception to January 2020. Any article that evaluated nurses and midwives practice change following participation in cultural safety education programs was included. A realist review was undertaken to refine cultural safety education program theory. This involved an initial broad search of literature, research team consultation, systematic literature search with refinement of the inclusion criteria. For each included article the context, mechanism and outcomes were extracted and analysed. Three program theories resulted. Firstly, system and structural leadership to drive the change process, including adoption of policy and accreditation standards and involvement of the community impacted by health inequity. Second critical pedagogy to reveal institutional and individual racist behaviours and third, nurse and midwife commitment to cultural safety. Change in practice to achieve cultural safety is complex, requiring a multi-system approach. Cultural safety education programs adopting critical pedagogy is necessary for critical consciousness building by nurses and midwives to have impact. However, this is only one part of this interdependent change process. Involvement of those communities experiencing culturally unsafe practice is also necessary for program effectiveness. Further research is required to examine the effectiveness of coordinated multi-system approaches, alongside, nurse and midwife commitment for cultural safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the growing needs of a diverse population, it is critical that healthcare service provision is underpinned by innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable services and solutions. The role of the nurse practitioner creates an opportunity to meet the increasing demands of complex care and enables greater access to high quality care. Understanding how best to support nurse practitioner candidates to develop into the nurse practitioner role will create greater opportunities to transform service delivery and improve healthcare outcomes. To identify key factors that support and positively impact the implementation of nurse practitioner candidacy programs and candidate experiences. A scoping review of research and grey literature was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. For the research literature, eight electronic databases (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute, PubMed and PsycINFO) were searched followed by a hand search of the reference lists of published systematic reviews and relevant topical papers. A review of national and international grey literature sources was completed. Identification of a service gap, developing and promoting a clear role for the nurse practitioner candidate, integration into a multi-disciplinary team with strong mentorship/preceptorship support, continuing professional development, and evaluation of the program were identified as key factors in the research and grey literature. A well-designed candidacy program can facilitate transition of the candidate into an autonomous, fully independent nurse practitioner. Recommendations to support the implementation of these roles into the clinical setting have been generated. Tweetable abstract : Key to nurse practitioner candidate programs: Identification of a service gap, clear role, integration, mentorship, training and evaluation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Post-shock rapid response is proposed as a new pathway to seismic resilience. • An agent-based modelling framework on post-shock rapid responses is developed. • The adaptability of the developed framework has been demonstrated by a case-study. • A looped interdependence between regular repairs and rapid responses is studied. This paper explores a new pathway towards seismic resilience of Road Networks (RNs) under earthquake hazards, by leveraging post-shock rapid responses as the key to minimize the functionality losses of RNs, especially in the immediate aftermath of earthquakes. Accordingly, an agent-based modelling (ABM) framework is developed to enable the nuanced examination on resilience of earthquake-damaged RNs, when different system repair approaches are considered. In this framework, those different approaches are predicated on the damage level of individual bridges and on the system recovery timeline, i.e. the response to rehabilitation need is considered as a function of the time elapsed from the event. Each approach is represented by a different agent, whose behaviour is shaped by a set of pre-defined behavioural attributes, while the interplay among those agents is also accounted for, during the entirety of post-shock recovery campaigns. To demonstrate its applicability, the ABM framework is applied to a real-world RN across Luchon, France. As shown by the case-study, post-shock rapid responses are found to be a viable strategy to increase the recovery rate of RNs' functionality in the immediate-, and mid-term aftermath of damaging earthquakes, and ultimately, to improve the seismic resilience thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses work in stressful and demanding settings and often suffer from depression and burnout. Despite overlapping symptoms, research has been inconclusive regarding the discriminant validity of measures of burnout with regard to measures of depression. Such inconclusive discriminant validity might cause clinicians to fail to recognize and manage depression separately from burnout. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the distinctiveness of burnout as a separate construct by examining the size of the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses as well as potential moderators. A stepwise method was used by searching 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) to retrieve published papers in English examining the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses and reporting the effect sizes of their findings. We identified a total of 37 eligible studies. The pooled estimate showed a positive association between burnout and depression among nurses (r = 0.403, 95% CI [0.327, 0.474], p < 0.0001) and a slightly higher correlation coefficient for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measure (0.494, 95% CI [0.41, 0.57]). This review confirms a large burnout - depression correlation in nursing samples, adding to existing literature encompassing a variety of occupations. Future studies should focus on path analysis to assess the causal relationship as well as investigate potential moderators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]