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Europe faces many problems connected to ageing infrastructure which was built in the second half of the 20th century. Bridges are one of the crucial elements of these infrastructures. In recent years, European countries have witnessed many failures of bridges across the continent. For example, the collapse of Viadotto Polcevera in Genoa caught the attention of society regarding its tragic consequences. Therefore, engineers must deal with the assessment of existing bridges which is essential for proper decision-making. Condition rating systems for bridges vary from country to country. Consequently, these differences in the methodology can lead to different conclusions related to the future service of assessed structures. For these reasons, this paper briefly describes condition rating systems for road bridges in Italy, Slovakia, and Portugal and defines the differences in the methodology. Subsequently, the obtained conclusions are compared and discussed. The aim of the paper is to encourage standardization in the assessment of bridge health conditions within European countries, highlighting the differences in the current systems adopted by various countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of De Computis is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Halloween effect predicts that stock markets in the winter months (November through April) generate significantly higher returns than in the summer months (May through October). This paper examines the time-varying behavior of the Halloween effect within a new historical dataset that covers about 120 years of Portuguese stock market history. We combine subsample analysis with rolling window analysis to show that the performance of the anomaly has varied in an adaptive fashion over time. The anomaly existed during the first four decades of the 20th century. Afterward, it vanished for 60 years, reappearing only at the beginning of the 21st century. However, in the first two decades of the new century, the effect seems to be a mere reflection of the excess return generated in January. Overall, the time-varying performance of the Halloween effect supports the adaptive market hypothesis for the Portuguese stock market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of De Computis is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper highlights a pedagogical experience that began in Portugal in 1976, namely that of the Escola da Ponte, the success of which was based on a shift from the graded school model. Unlike the majority of educational reforms that were tested throughout the twentieth century, changes were made in Escola da Ponte precisely due to the fact that the genetic matrix of the school model, the classroom, had been called into question. Therefore, it is not surprising that since the late 1980s, Escola da Ponte has received multiple visitors, associated with the knowledge of new ideas and pedagogical methods. Departing from the research of Larry Cuban (2008), however, the initial aim of this paper is to reflect on the inflexibility of the school model. Secondly, with a view to understanding how Escola da Ponte was «regarded» by its visitors (based on their own photographic records), the use of visual documents in historical research is addressed. The pedagogical project of Escola da Ponte is then discussed. Finally, a number of photographs depicting pedagogical action in the School in the 1980s and 1990s are considered. Based on the assumption that images are representations of objects, in other words, re-representations (Collelldemont, 2010), this paper seeks to reveal what the photographs sought to transmit, and how they should be interpreted in terms of pedagogical innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When, in 1822, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal, its vast territory was little known by the central government in Rio de Janeiro. There was a great need to create reliable maps that would delineate the new country's boundaries. This paper aims to show how a practical application of astronomy, specifically geodesy, was vital in the efforts to build the nation. We follow the professional life of an astronomer, Luis Cruls, director of the National Observatory, professor at the Military School and chief researcher of several expeditions, to discuss the strength of geodesic and cartographic activities in Brazil at the end of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in 1850, Portugal embarked on a technical-scientific agenda (historically known as Fontism, after its main advocate, Fontes Pereira de Melo) that pursued the modernisation of the country or, in its broader sense, progress, until the turn of the twentieth century. These efforts were captured through the lens of a German photographer living in Portugal, Karl Emil Biel. For the purposes of this paper, I have analysed around 200 of Biel's works in which he recorded progress in Portugal. I argue that Biel felt inspired by the sublime inherent to technology to create a technological landscape and a narrative of progress in Portugal, marked by a variety of icons of modernity, similar to those found in cities of Europe's most advanced countries, especially structures that promoted mobility and contributed to the territorial appropriation of the peripheral provinces. Furthermore, I contend that the publication of his photographs in the illustrated press contributed to the dissemination of this technological landscape and this narrative of progress nationwide and to the promotion of a nationalism fuelled by technology. Finally, I speculate how the current uses of Biel's photographs at public events still share similar notions of progress, based on technological modernity and sublime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Areas: Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper unveils for the first time the technical and material features of the mural painting entitled Pentecost's, executed by the Portuguese artist Julio Resende in 1955. The painting depicting twelve Apostles covers the altarpiece of a small church in the countryside of Évora (southern Portugal) and it was rediscovered in 2013 by art historians. The research was carried out with both non-invasive and micro-destructive techniques. In situ examination included technical photography in visible (Vis/Vis-RAK) and in infrared (NIR) light range, ultraviolet induced visible fluorescence (UVF), portable optical microscopy, visible spectrophotometry and handheld energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (hXRF). Further analysis on paint layers micro-samples were undertaken by dark field optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR). According to the acquired data, the mural was executed in a fresco technique (true and most likely lime fresco). Full size cartoons and handmade sketches were used for transferring the composition to the wall. No traces of organic binder were found with the analytical setup and the analysis of paint layers revealed the use of cobalt blue, a wide range of ochres, chromium green, green earth and barium white. The use of chrome orange and cadmium-based pigments are hypothesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pension funds, namely survivors' pension funds were established in Portugal in the late 18th century, in mutual benefit societies. The first Portuguese life assurance companies were created in the first half of the 19th century but their activity was not very extensive. Only in the 20th century did both institutions become actuarially-based. In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of actuarial calculus in Portugal until the late 19th century, in order to contextualise the scientific progress of those institutions, mainly the former. This paper lays the groundwork for further research on the history of actuarial calculus in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuário Internacional de Comunicação Lusófona is the property of Federacao Lusofona de Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study brings together the analysis of a magazine for children published in a mass-circulation newspaper in a poor industrialized country. Based on a comprehensive survey of articles popularizing science, technology and health topics printed in Notícias Miudinho between 1924 and 1933, this paper intends to show how this publication tuned in with the on-going Portuguese political and educational agenda, while highlighting the idiosyncrasies of the networks involved in the publication of the magazine. In addition, and based on the analysis of the magazine’s mail section, this paper questions historiographic claims about the reduced impact of the Republican education programme. At the same time, this essay intends to contribute to the discussion on the historicity of ‘popular science’ while putting in evidence the importance of understanding the particularities of the actors and networks involved locally to grasp the full extent to which science culturally permeates, mirrors and models society worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Finance is usually considered to be a complex science, made up of unsatisfactory explanations interpreting the mystery and volatility of financial markets. Expectations, the mood of the market, as well as investment strategies to manage diversified portfolios, are intimidating issues for most people even today. This paper describes how early twentieth-century globalisation framed a network of stock exchanges, from local to regional and national scale, stimulating scientific knowledge on equities, shares, securities, bonds, debentures, transactions, and risk premiums. Both individuals and institutional investors needed financial education. In Portugal Ruy Ennes Ullrich wrote his doctoral dissertation on stock exchanges and financial markets. His book was published in Coimbra in 1906, by the University Press. This paper analyses his contributions in the context of the available literature, and his management performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Traditional inland salinas in Spain and Portugal are often located in rural, isolated areas with low agricultural value, and very few have survived in coastal areas under high land use change pressure. Before the advent of efficient transportation networks, about 500 small inland and ca. 250 coastal saltworks existed there. During the 20th century, these sites were gradually abandoned in favor of industrial salt from mines or larger coastal salinas. Only a few were able to transform a productive activity into a multifunctional, services-oriented landscape. This contribution discusses the recovery and patrimonialization processes of nine inland salinas in Spain and Portugal protected as monuments, plus three other successful cases in Denmark, France, and Slovenia. With an indicator-based tool, the degree of patrimonialization of each site was quantified. In recent decades, these cultural landscapes have invested in gastronomy, wellness, tourism, and innovation, transforming a cultural landscape in decline into a living landscape for the future. The different stages in their patrimonialization process have been characterized, helping identify the hinges and tipping points at which a traditional productive activity in danger can evolve into a consolidated heritage-based successful initiative. Good practices have been detected and described. Potential pitfalls and challenges in patrimonialization were also identified, serving as early warning signs. Although focused on traditional salinas, the results of this study may help manage and preserve similar cultural landscapes in Europe. Some ideas for future management and research on productive cultural landscapes are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first paleontological works on Mesozoic vertebrates from Portugal, carried out from the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, provided the discovery of significant collections of vertebrate fossils. These collections are particularly relevant because they include several specimens collected from different regions of the Lusitanian Basin (some of the sites are currently inaccessible), whose fossil record is poorly known. Theropod remains are relatively scarce and generally consist of fragmentary material, mostly assigned to the megalosaurid Megalosaurus from the Middle Jurassic of England, the first dinosaur to be named and a "wastebasket" taxon used by many scientists to identify theropod material. The studied fossils mostly consist of isolated teeth and vertebrae collected from Upper Jurassic levels of the coastal region, with also some material from Lower and Upper Cretaceous strata from the central and northern sectors of the Lusitanian Basin. Here specimens attributed to Megalosaurus from different Portuguese institutions are reviewed and their taxonomic affinity and stratigraphic context are updated. Most specimens actually belong to different theropod groups, including several isolated teeth from different Upper Jurassic localities here assigned to Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus, andAllosaurus, as well as an isolated tooth from the Lower Cretaceous that is attributed to an indeterminate allosauroid. Other theropod remains consist mostly of vertebral fragments of indeterminate avetheropods and allosau-roids. Elements of other dinosaur groups are also represented, including a few vertebrae here referred to stegosaurians and iguanodontians, as well as a vertebra and some appendicular remains attributed to sauropods. Two vertebrae assigned to thalattosuchians were also identified. The study of this collection allows to better characterize the diversity of Late Jurassic dinosaur faunas from different areas of the Lusitanian Basin and provides some data on the poorly known Cretaceous fossil record of theropods from Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses how the 1950–61 conflict between Portugal and India over the territories that constituted Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu) informed Portugal’s relations with the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for South East Asia (SEARO). The ‘Goa question’ determined the way international health policies were actually put into place locally and the meaning with which they were invested. This case study thus reveals the political production of SEARO as a dynamic space for disputes and negotiations between nation-states in decolonising Asia. In this context, health often came second in the face of contrasting nationalistic projects, both colonial and post-colonial. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyzes aspects of a little-known work in the context of grammar and history of Spanish language teaching in Portugal, the Gramática espanhola para uso dos portugueses (Oporto, 1947) by Julio Martínez Almoyna: the possible reasons for its publication in Portugal in the mid-twentieth century, the structure of the lessons and its didactic characteristics. Regarding the first aspect, the writing of the work is framed in the Luso-Spanish socio-political context of the time. Regarding specifically methodological issues, we analyze in detail the microstructure of the lessons and the underlying didactic criteria. In order to examine the didactic characteristics of the manual, we put it in contrast with other works published in Portugal for the teaching of Spanish; specifically, the Gramática elemental de la lengua española (Lisbon, 1947), by Pablo Gayán Hernanz, and Español para lusitanos. Método práctico de lengua española (Coimbra, 1952), by José María Viqueira Barreiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, provides almost continuous records of the geomagnetic field elements for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes of the instruments, measurement procedures and even re-location of the Observatory took place. In our previous work (Morozova et al., 2014) we performed homogenization – elimination of the artificial changes – of the measured declination series (D) for the period from 1866 to 2006. In this paper we continue work applying homogenization procedures to the measured series of the absolute monthly values of the horizontal (H, 1866-2006) vertical (Z, 1951-2006) and inclination components (I, 1866-1941). After homogenization of all measured series for the 1866-2006 time interval we performed the homogenization of the series of all geomagnetic field elements (X, Y, Z, H, D, I and F) to the level of epoch 2015. Since all series except D have a gap of about 10 years long in the middle of the 20th century, splitting each of them into two, the homogenization to the level of 2015 was done only for the series available after 1951 (with D series homogenized for the whole time interval 1866-2015). The COI geomagnetic field elements are available via the following addresses: COI original data – doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4122066 (Ribeiro et al, 2020); COI homogenized data – doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4122289 (Morozova et al, 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Monograms, inscriptions, ornaments and representations of graphic elements were recurring features and constituents of the undergarments of the early twentieth century. This paper aims to present considerations about the visual communication found on this type of artifact between 1900 and 1930. To achieve such, three-dimensional pieces, catalogs and periodicals from the archive of the National Museum of the Costume, in Lisbon - Portugal, were analyzed. In this sense, from the three-dimensional sources, associated with textual and iconographic sources, this study sought to present the multiple forms and uses of visual communication in undergarments, such as types of inscription, location of representations and marks on the pieces, as well as to discuss questions symbolic and historical factors that determine the importance of these characteristics in the configuration of clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to analyse some of the discourses and experiences on educational cinema during the first half of the 20th century in Portugal. The cinepedagogia («cinepedagogy») – as it is named in historical sources – embodies pedagogic activities that benefit from moving images. The use of cinema for education is discoursed since the first decades of the cinematograph, however, it was from the 1920s onwards that the discussion on educational cinema truly developed, and it lasted vividly until the 1950s. Along with a historical contextualisation of this movement in Portugal, the city of Porto was defined as a case study, for instigating the association of cinema and education prematurely and successfully. This research takes advantage of sources that usually aren’t used in the analysis of this phenomenon in Portugal: specialized publications in cinema, such as magazines and newspapers. These sources demonstrate the discussion regarding educational cinema and publicise the concretizations in this field. Therefore, the review of the Portuguese cinematographic magazines, along with bibliographic resources, was fundamental for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of "race" in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of natural cement (Roman cement) in buildings from the late 19th and the beginning of the 20th century and the high diversity of characteristics of natural cement demand research of mortar and binders used in the buildings of this period in Portugal. Understanding the type of binder used in the historic buildings will help the project/intervention team to make the best decisions in terms of the development of compatible mortars for historical conservation purposes. Casa Barbot is one of the Art Nouveau examples of the beginning of the 20th century in Portugal. The garden of this building is characterized by peculiar elements in terms of materials and architecture. Full characterization of the mortars employed in the construction of this building as well as identification of the used binder is the main objective of this study. The study comprises a wide range of laboratory characterization techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrography, open porosity, density, water absorption by capillarity, and compressive strength. The results show the diversity of compositional characteristics in the mortars used in the decorative elements in the period garden of Casa Barbot. All mortars are composed of Portland cement with a mix of additives such as blast furnace slag, limestone filler, air lime, and the occasional presence of charcoal. The results raise doubt about the use of natural cement as stated in the historical documents. This study will broaden the scientific knowledge of the materials of that period in Portugal to provide a comprehensive plan for the preservation of historical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (Version impresa) is the property of Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of O Ideário Patrimonial is the property of Centro Transdisciplinar das Arqueologias do Instituto Politecnico de Tomar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the reconstitution of the social professions' itinerary in Portugal during the i and ii Republic, during the period that unfolds between its foundation (1910), the constitution of Estado Novo (1933-1945) and the succession of Salazar (1968), exploring, in particular, the visitadoras (visitors) as one of the central and paradigmatic characters of the constitution of social professions. The paper carries out an historiographical reconstitution based on secondary sources, exploring, especially, the influential figures and movements in the establishment of these emerging professions, the dynamics of rupture and continuity between its pivotal periods, international influences, as well as its gender dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies three woollen mills (Torre de Moncorvo, Trás-os-Montes and Vila Nova de Gaia/Porto) built in the north of Portugal from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th centuries, by a family of Spanish migrants, the Millanos. The circumstances of this family's migration, its impact on the local communities and even the location and description of their mills were barely known at the beginning of this work. Thus, this article sheds new light both on the location of Millanos' mills in Portugal and on their morphological and technological configurations. Various techniques were combined, including GIS technology, aerial photography analysis, documentary research and archaeological field survey to explore new paths of research in industrial archaeology that let us offer a more global perspective of the mills and their social and historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of pronouns of address in Portuguese is known for its complexity. Although many investigations (mainly case studies) on Brazilian Portuguese have been carried out to this respect, there is lack of in-depth studies about the European variety. In this article, we aim to provide the history of the system of pronouns of address in European Portuguese throughout the 20th century, by analyzing dialect data pertaining to three sociolinguistic corpora. The results highlight that the 20th century meant a time with profound changes in Portugal's society, since it represents a stage in which European Portuguese established a new paradigm that favoured standard responses and pragmatic solidarity. However, this variety is still inclined to pragmatic distance, for the data reveal that it has also come up with new strategies to maintain deference as the unmarked politeness strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Until the Second World War the Bank of Portugal (BoP) was a long way from possessing the features normally associated with a central bank. It was still a commercial bank, albeit one that had acquired some central bank functions. The war period was decisive in removing this ambiguity. The change was caused mostly by an unusually large influx of international means of payment (gold and foreign exchange) as a consequence of Portugal's neutrality during the war. However, all of this happened during a very troubled period for the BoP, thanks to the collapse of the gold‐exchange standard. The BoP adapted quickly to the new environment of discretion, government interference, and nationalism, although in a relatively original way: it followed the trend but at the same time retained certain features of a central bank still committed to gold standard principles. The two essential objectives of the BoP were to keep the value of the Portuguese currency stable and to keep interest rates low in order to encourage economic growth. The bank was successful on both counts during the war and the postwar period using a series of non‐conventional instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the circulation and reception of a song that catalyzed a youth movement and widespread protest in 2011 Portugal. Through a theorization of “register”, it argues for the importance of attending to micro-shifts in aesthetic form, engagement, and response, to understanding macro-shifts in public and political feeling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article analyses the seven largest business groups in Portugal from the 1930s to the mid-1970s, a period in which they attained an unprecedented scale and scope. The analysis involves a comprehensive reconstruction of the groups' equity participations and corporate networks, using new sets of data. A few common features are found: these groups were based on family ownership and remained inward-looking, holding large equity participations in affiliate firms and segmenting them from more inclusive partnerships with other groups. But diversity should also be stressed: they displayed enormous plasticity in their dynamics of growth, combining exogenous and endogenous explanations. It is this plasticity that explains their resilience, capacity for adaptation, and ultimately their ubiquitous nature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The institutional environment of Portuguese banking during the Golden Age of economic growth (1950–1973) has been criticised in many accounts. According to various authors, on the one hand it would have granted excessive protection to existing banks, allowing them to obtain high rents, a disincentive for them to compete; on the other, it would have forced them to concentrate their activity excessively on short-term credit instruments, thereby preventing them from contributing effectively to finance growth. In this article we use a formal statistical approach of the Panzar–Rosse type and conclude that the system did, in fact, have some interesting competitive features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1920s, the Angolan health services eventually established a long-debated programme of African health care called Assistência Médica aos Indígenas (AMI). This article shows that, aside from economic and humanitarian considerations, the international critique of Portugal's colonial policies and ensuing anxieties that the country might lose its colonies were decisive in convincing political decision makers in Lisbon to provide the necessary funding for this project. The article's main argument is that the Angolan AMI programme was profoundly and deliberately shaped by processes of inter-imperial comparison and borrowing. Efforts towards the institutionalisation of inter-imperial learning and collaboration, though backed by international organisations such as the League of Nations' Health Organisation, were often not or only partially successful, as they were caught in the complex interplay between nationalism and internationalism. Inter-imperial hierarchies of prestige conditioned whether inter-imperial borrowings were made explicit or hidden. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article we will seek to analyse the development of international ties that enabled the channelling of international support to the Portuguese Socialist Party led by Mário Soares. The support directed to Portuguese socialists assumed particular relevance in the summer of 1975, during which the revolutionary dynamic questioned and challenged the democratic legitimacy. Coincidentally, during these months there were ongoing negotiations for the signing of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the situation in Portugal was presented by several actors as a test of the climate of détente. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on the Keep it Simple, Make it Fast (KISMIF) International Conference, held from July 13-17, 2015 at the Universidad de Oporto in Porto, Portugal on the subject of youth subcultures and underground music. Topics include the sponsorship of the conference by the KISMIF project of the university's Institute of Sociology; its interdisciplinary focus on the manifestations of punk culture in Portugal from 1977 to 2012; and presenters such as Mary Fogarty and Antonio Jorge Pacheco.

The practice and methods of geological fieldwork in the Portuguese Geological Survey evolved during the middle part of the twentieth century. Between the 1920s and the 1940s, the Survey's field assistants played a key role in conducting geological fieldwork; special attention will be given to their training. In 1940, Georges Zbyzsewski (1909-1999) was hired as a geologist by the Survey and he was responsible for conducting the majority of fieldwork. Scientific collaborators from outside the Survey also began to play a key role in the institution. From the 1950s onwards, several new specialities were hired by the Survey, especially geologists and field assistants. The pace of geological fieldwork recorded an unprecedented increase. The characteristics of the teams that carried out this task in the Survey were instrumental in this achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The autarchy system established by the new dictatorship following the Spanish Civil War proposed the reconstruction of the country as a new Renaissance based on idiosyncratic Spanish values. One of the most unique experiences was the creation of the private society The National Federation of Town Planning and Housing (1939–1954). The aim was to create a social environment appropriate for dignity development in the habitability conditions. The project was very ambitious about town planning dissemination. A professional network concerning town planning and housing knowledge was required. Instruments applied for achieving the objective included publishing books and magazines, exhibitions, congresses, and centers of information within and outside Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

International economic crises are critical periods for any political regime. The 2008 global financial crisis brought to the surface several weak spots in the institutional performance of various southern European democracies. Portugal was no exception. Government attempts to tackle its negative externalities through a series of austerity measures did not prove successful on various grounds. Poor scoring in the economy generated social unrest. This article tries to assess the reaction of the Portuguese citizenry to the symptoms of failure in economic governance, particularly in what concerns their attitudes vis-à-vis the political realm by using different survey data sets. The analysis reveals that the decline in economic performance and in quality of governance is clearly reflected in citizens’ rising discontent with the performance of democracy and suggests even negative spillover effects for regime support. The available data also suggest that any expectations that the economic crisis might have ignited in citizens’ engagement in political issues seem only partially fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article looks at communist composer Fernando Lopes-Graça, with a particular focus on his involvement with Portuguese communism. Details on the national aspects of communism during the Popular Front period are presented. Topics discussed include the effects of Lopes-Graça's travels in France on his activism and the relationship between nationalism and transnational events and influences.