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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to build on the foundational theories of personality and motivation to explore the role of competitiveness and of ethnicity in relation to student academic performance. Survey data from 328 students across four sites (Australia, Denmark, Hong Kong and Korea) provided self-rated responses to items measuring personality, motivation, competitiveness and ethnicity. Design/methodology/approach: Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the variables that predicated student academic performance, including testing for interaction effect of ethnicity. Both student self-reported data and independently assessed performance measures were used to avoid common method variance. Findings: This study affirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are significantly associated with academic performance. The personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion and neuroticism are significantly associated with a student's competitiveness. The interaction of competitiveness and ethnicity is significantly and positively associated with performance. Research limitations/implications: The variable of student competitiveness requires further research to better understand its role in academic performance. Researching ethnicity at the micro level allows the acknowledgement and investigation of "intra-national diversity" (Tung, 2008; Tung and Baumann, 2009). Originality/value: This study is original in its approach in that it combines the concepts of motivation, personality, competitiveness and ethnicity in relation to student academic performance. While previous studies have explored these concepts individually and often at the macro level, a crucial contribution of this study is that competitiveness and ethnicity (as opposed to national culture) are examined at a micro level. The authors demonstrate the combined importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (carrot and stick) in driving performance and introduce the new motivation, competitiveness and performance model which recognises that competitiveness, as a driver of performance, is moderated by the learners' ethnicity.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between heart failure knowledge, self‐efficacy, social support, grit and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure and to identify factors associated with patients' self‐care behaviour. Background: Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines. Design: This descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. Methods: This study included 138 patients who were diagnosed with heart failure in an outpatient department of cardiology at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected between July and October 2020 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Results: Grit had the strongest association with self‐care behaviour among patients with heart failure, followed by social support, self‐efficacy and heart failure knowledge. These variables accounted for approximately 52% of the variance in self‐care behaviour. Conclusions: Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. Based on the social cognitive theory, nursing intervention programmes that can simultaneously manage cognitive (knowledge and self‐efficacy), social and environmental (social support) and behavioural support (grit) factors should be developed and applied to nursing practices to promote self‐care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Most patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines.Social cognitive theory is conceptualized as cognitive, social, environmental and behavioural in nature.Self‐care behaviour can be influenced by multi‐dimensional factors, including cognitive factors, such as knowledge and self‐efficacy, and social and environmental factors, such as social support. What this paper adds? Grit—a behavioural supporting element—was confirmed as a factor influencing the self‐care behaviour of patients with heart failure. The implications of this paper: Interventions for enhancing patients' grit should be developed; self‐efficacy, social support and heart failure knowledge for patients with heart failure should be considered in clinical nursing settings.Health‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Because student viewership of video lectures serves as an important aspect of e-learning environments, video lectures should be delivered in a way that enhances the learning experience. The delivery of video lectures through diverse forms of media is a useful approach, which may have an effect on student learning, satisfaction, engagement and interest (LSEI), as well as future behavioral intentions (FBI). Furthermore, research has shown the value that LSEI has on learner achievement within online courses, as well as its value in regards to student intention to continue learning in such courses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between media diversity, LSEI and FBI in hopes of enhancing the e-learning experience. Design/methodology/approach: This study surveyed a group of students (n = 88) who participated in cyber university classes in South Korea to investigate the correlations between media diversity and lecture viewership, effects of lecture viewership on LSEI and FBI, effects of media diversity on LSEI and FBI as well as the correlation between LSEI and FBI. Findings: Results show no relationship between media diversity and viewership. Both lecture viewership and media diversity were positively correlated with LSEI. However, neither media diversity nor viewership was positively correlated with FBI. Finally, LSEI was positively correlated with FBI. Originality/value: This paper looks at how video lectures affect LSEI. Past research has generally looked at learning, satisfaction, engagement and interest as separate entities that are affected by instructional aspects of online learning. Because of their interrelationships with each other, this study combines them as one construct, making a stronger case for their combined association.

Purpose: This paper aims to overcome the limitations of studies on work-life balance, which have focused on Western countries without considering "mental" dimensions of gendered childcare. By concentrating on South Korea as a case study, this paper also aims to examine how the gendered division of childcare changed when Korea's work-life/family policy followed European work-family conciliation policy. Design/methodology/approach: The Korean Time Use Survey (KTUS) in 2009 and 2019 are used for multiple regression analyses. Based on discussions about theories on unpaid work distribution within households and its stratification effects, this study examines the relationship between wife's and husband's behaviors and the stratification effects in the gendered division of childcare alongside the work-life/family policy change. Findings: Substantial findings indicate the necessity of strengthening various legal and institutional structures that might increase husbands' characteristics of caring masculinities. Additionally, while policies developed to support flexible working arrangements, low-income women at risk of being trapped in dual poverty of time and income should be carefully considered. Originality/value: This study focuses especially on South Korea, thereby contributing to understanding how national policy and gendered distribution of childcare are related. Notably, this link has not been widely discussed in the literature on work-life balance. It also suggests viable directions for future policies depending on gender and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates empirically the role of research publications in an academic reward structure in Korea. Our sample includes 145 universities and colleges in Korea. Publication data for the academic year of 2012 show that top-tier research schools published more in international journals, while domestic journal publications were dominated by second-tier universities. The salary effects were identified using multiple regression models. We found that changes in faculty salary were determined significantly by international journal publications, but domestic journal publications had little effect on changes in salary. The use of an instrumental variable reconfirmed that the causal effect of international journal publications on a salary rise was positive and significant.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care. Background: Patient safety competency and systems thinking are important nurse attributes that promote patient safety. Missed nursing care is known to negatively impact patient safety. However, how nurses' patient safety competency and systems thinking relate to missed nursing care is unknown. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey design was used to collect data from nurses practicing in two general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected between 3 March and 17 April 2020. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses providing direct care in general and specialty units. Patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care were measured using reliable and valid instruments. A total of 432 complete sets of data were used in final analysis. Results: Higher patient safety competency of nurses was associated with lower missed nursing care. Systems thinking partially mediated the relationship between knowledge of patient safety competency and missed nursing care, and attitudes of patient safety competency and missed nursing care. Conclusions: The knowledge, skills and attitudes sub‐scales of patient safety competency showed somewhat different effects in the relationship between missed nursing care and systems thinking, suggesting that each attribute may tap into a separate aspect of patient safety. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Patient safety can be threatened when nurses are not competent to provide safe care to patients.Systems thinking is an essential nurse attribute that enhances patient safety competency.Greater missed nursing care has been associated with negative patient outcomes including adverse events such as medication error, fall with injury and patient mortality. What this paper adds? Higher patient safety competency of nurses was associated with less missed nursing care.Nurses' systems thinking had a mediating effect on the relationship between the patient safety knowledge and attitude competencies and missing nursing care.Nurses' systems thinking had the effect of reducing missed nursing care, but only when nurses exhibited patient safety knowledge and attitude competencies. The implications of this paper: By enhancing patient safety competency, missed nursing care can be reduced and negative patient outcomes may decrease accordingly.Strategies to increase systems thinking should be applied as a way to reduce missed care and increase patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses' turnover intention has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotional labor is reportedly high among nurses in Korea, and a positive psychological capital can help reduce turnover intention. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors influencing turnover intention in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were collected from 155 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 at a university hospital in South Korea in March 2022. Self-reported and paper-based questionnaires on emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were employed. The mean values for emotional labor, positive psychological capital, and turnover intention were 54.52/80, 58.03/90, and 38.92/50, respectively, and 77.8% of nurses reported planning to quit working. Turnover intention correlated with emotional labor (r = 0.17; p = 0.041) and had no significant relationship with positive psychological capital. Sex (β = 0.24; p = 0.003) and emotional labor (β = 0.18; p = 0.019) affected turnover intention, with 9% explanatory power. Female nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 had a higher turnover intention than male nurses. Finally, the higher the emotional labor of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19, the higher the turnover intention. To reduce the turnover intention of nurses, hospitals need to help them enhance their emotional labor and positive psychological capital by establishing measures such as emotional coaching programs or psychological capital interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the proliferation of the internet and the development of internet‐based healthcare interventions, eHealth is expected to be an effective complement to traditional healthcare services. However, without understanding the characteristics of the user population, eHealth itself can isolate older adults. Aim: This study aims to identify the characteristics of internet use and the factors associated with eHealth use among older adults. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted from a cross‐sectional descriptive study. A convenience sample of 186 community dwelling older adults was recruited at two senior welfare centres in Korea. The data collected included demographic characteristics, health related characteristics, internet use, eHealth use and eHealth literacy. Multiple linear regression was utilized to determine factors related to eHealth use. Results: Among 186 respondents, 98 reported that they used the internet. Internet usage was associated with educational attainment, marital status, cognitive function and possession of internet‐enabled devices. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that greater eHealth usage was related to more positive perception of eHealth usability and better eHealth literacy among older adults. Conclusion: Educational programmes for older adults should be developed to facilitate digital capability and eHealth literacy. Useful and effective online health resources that are easy to use should be also developed. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? With an ageing society, health promotion and management of chronic diseases are becoming increasingly important; thus, the social burden of healthcare is expected to increase.eHealth can help individuals manage chronic disease effectively and promote changing behaviours for better health, but older adults may not be able to use the internet and eHealth. What this paper adds? This paper identified the factors related to internet use in adults aged 65 and over: higher educational level, married/partnered marital status, better cognitive function and possession of internet‐enabled devices.This paper identified factors facilitating eHealth use: older adults who perceived eHealth as more useful and had better eHealth literacy used eHealth more frequently. The implications of this paper: Education for older adults to enhance their skills to use internet‐enabled devices and increase their capability to interpret health‐related information can facilitate eHealth accessibility and enable them to take advantage of the benefits of health technologies.Useful online health resources that are evidence‐based and easy‐to‐use can encourage older adults to use eHealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION With the advent of new tobacco products, poly-tobacco use among adolescents is increasing. Smoking among adolescents negatively impacts both their physical and mental health. This study aimed to determine poly-tobacco use among adolescents in South Korea and to identify the mental health problems caused by single-, dual-, and poly-tobacco use. METHODS Data from 54948 adolescents in the 2020 Korea Youth Behavior Web-based Survey were included. Mental health variables of our primary outcome were loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott χ² test and complex sample multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine the association between the type of tobacco product use and mental health. RESULTS Among the subjects, 95.2% were non-tobacco users, followed by single (3.0%), dual (1.1%), and poly users (0.7%). The subjects with poly-tobacco use had significantly higher rates of loneliness (33.2%, p<0.001), anxiety (22.3%, p<0.001), and depression (49.9%, p<0.001) than those who used fewer tobacco products. Subjects who used poly-tobacco products were 2.13 (95% CI: 1.61-2.83) times more likely to report loneliness, 1.52 (95% CI: 1.12-2.07) times more likely to report anxiety, and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.68-2.82) times more likely to report depression than non-tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents, poly-tobacco use is associated with symptoms of loneliness, depression, and anxiety, which are internalized mental health problems. Poly-tobacco use warrants early assessment of high-risk groups, education on the need for tobacco-use cessation, and active intervention for the psychological difficulties that these high-risk groups experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes descriptive research to identify the effects of job stress, COVID-19 self-care behavior, and COVID-19 vaccination status according to the infection and non-infection of COVID-19 on anxiety about the COVID-19 infection among firefighters in South Korea. Data from 205 firefighters working at 10 fire stations were collected from 26 January to 16 February 2023. The variables used were job stress, COVID-19 self-care behavior, COVID-19 vaccination status, and COVID-19 infection anxiety. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. In subjects who were infected with COVID-19, the factors that significantly affected infection anxiety were job stress (β = 0.247, p = 0.011) and self-care behavior (β = 0.343, p = 0.011). In subjects who were not infected with COVID-19, the factors that significantly affected infection anxiety were marriage status (unmarried) (β = −0.260, p = 0.005) and self-care behavior (β = 0.374, p = 0.001). These results demonstrate that the infection anxiety of firefighters should be prevented, and their physical and mental health should be promoted by considering job stress, self-care behavior, and personal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Korea has focused its efforts on reducing fine dust particles in Seoul over the past day, with the focus on improving the quality of fine dust products, such as a complete reduction in public transportation, closing down power plants, and exchanging fine dust with China. Despite these efforts, however, the nation's fine dust concentration has not significantly decreased, leaving people feeling uneasy and dissatisfied. Therefore, this paper utilizes a multiple regression analysis conducted by using R, a tool for analyzing big data, to identify variables that affect the level of public transport satisfaction, and to analyze multiple regression analysis at each level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Substance use, that is of cigarettes, alcohol and chemical inhalants, is a major contributor to health‐compromising behaviors and the related consequences among adolescents around the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine trends in this phenomenon in South Korea among sexually active adolescents who reported sexual minority behaviors as compared to their heterosexual (HS) peers. Design and Methods: This study used data from the annual web‐based survey called Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 5‐year intervals: 2006, 2011, and 2016. From 2017, the questions regarding the gender of sex partners were excluded from the survey, thus no data is available for sexual minorities after 2016. Selected data (Unweighted n = 10,029) was used to assess whether substance use increased, decreased, or remained unchanged among adolescents who reported same‐sex (SS) behaviors and bisexual (BS) behaviors compared to their peers reporting HS behaviors. Demographic variables included age and assigned gender. Substances referred to are cigarettes, alcohol, and chemical inhalants. Logistic regression models were sex‐stratified according to assigned gender. Trend analyses were carried out to examine disparities in substance use among sexually active adolescents across the three survey years. Results: Across the three survey years, cigarette use, alcohol use, and problematic drinking declined among all sexually active youths, but there were some differences among the subgroups. In 2016, SS girls were more likely to use cigarettes than HS girls. The prevalence of alcohol use and problematic drinking among BS girls was relatively higher than among girls who exhibited either HS or SS behaviors. Inhalant use was very high among both boys and girls with SS and BS behaviors. Practice Implications: The findings of the study reveal disparities in substance use between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents in South Korea. This creates an alarm for collecting data separately for sexually diverse youth in future Korean national surveys with a goal of reducing substance use among all adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION The study aimed to identify predictors associated with long-term tobacco cessation at 12-month follow-up among users of the National Smoking Cessation Services (NSCS) in Korea. METHODS To measure the long-term effect of NSCS delivery, the target sample size of 5167 adult smokers registered in the NSCS in 2018 was enrolled with proportional random sampling. A multiple logistic regression analysis (crude, adjusted) was performed to identify the changes in smoking status at the 12-month follow-up after the last NSCS enrollment and the potential factors associated with changes in smoking status. RESULTS The response rate to reach the number of subjects targeted was 22.4%. A total of 41.2% of the tobacco users enrolled had successfully quit at baseline, and the 7-day point prevalence of tobacco cessation at the follow-up at 12 months, via a telephone survey, was 34.4%. Factors positively associated with cessation at the 12-month follow-up were longer experience with tobacco abstinence and additional quitting attempts with or without NSCS enrollment, although every additional quit attempt with NSCS use had a better outcome. In addition, having a successful quit outcome with NSCS use at the baseline and having more satisfaction with the service of professional counseling or incentives than others provided by NSCS, increased cessation at follow-up after adjustment of other factors considered. CONCLUSIONS In addition to multiple quitting attempts, longer experience with tobacco abstinence, and additional enrollment in NSCS, the service experience, and satisfaction with the content that NSCS offered, might improve the lasting success of abstinence. These results might be considered to improve the contents and protocols of the NSCS for better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the nursing stress factors, which affect turnover intention in hospital nurses. Background: Nursing stress is known to be an important predictor of turnover intention in nurses. Although nurses experience various sources of stress across work environments, cultures, and generations, little is known about the stress factors affecting turnover intention in nurses. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional design was employed. Methods: A total of 329 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling from 27 hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from May to November 2018 using a questionnaire. Results: Among the stress factors, stress from patients and their families, workload stress, stress from conflicts with supervisors, and stress from conflicts with peers were associated with turnover intention in hospital nurses. These variables explained 40.0% of the variance in turnover intention among hospital nurses. Conclusions: Stress from interpersonal relationships with patients and their families, supervisors, and peers may have a considerable impact on turnover intention. To reduce nursing turnover intention, coping strategies to reduce stress from patients and their families should be established. It is necessary to provide programmes that foster interpersonal relationship skills in the workplace. Nurse managers may encourage communication among nurses to establish positive relationships. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about the topic? Nurses' turnover continues to remain a challenging issue across work environments, cultures, and generations.Nursing stress has a great impact on turnover intention in hospital nurses. However, little is known about the stress factors that affect turnover intention in nurses. What this paper adds? Among the nursing stress factors, stress from patients and families had a strong effect on turnover intention in hospital nurses, followed by stress from workload, conflicts with supervisors, and conflicts with peers. The implications of this paper: Our findings suggest that stress from interpersonal relationships might have a considerable impact on turnover intention.Coping strategies to reduce stress from patients and family need to be first established to reduce the turnover intention in hospital nurses.Nurse managers should be aware of the effects of interpersonal relationships on turnover intention and encourage communication among nurses to establish positive relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The awareness for the need for end‐of‐life care has increased among noncancer patients. However, studies on the topic have rarely targeted the needs of noncancer patients who want to die at home. This study assessed the end‐of‐life care needs of noncancer patients who were receiving care and wanted to die at home. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used and involved 200 participants who were diagnosed as noncancer patients and receiving home care nursing. Data were collected on demographics, disease, Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) scores, and end‐of‐life care needs, in April and May, 2016. Results: Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives." Multivariate analysis revealed that the duration of home care nursing held a significant association with end‐of‐life care needs. Conclusion: By reflecting on the comprehensive care needs of patients with chronic illnesses and including them in the care process, it will be possible to provide better quality palliative care to patients at home in the end‐of‐life stages. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage have complex needs and problems that are difficult to solve, compared with cancer patients.Noncancer patients need to receive effective symptom management or sufficient support for satisfactory care.End‐of‐life care is still mainly focused on cancer patients and attention to noncancer patients is lacking. What this paper adds? Among the six areas of care, "supporting fundamental needs" of patients required the most care, followed by "coordination among family or relatives."Duration of home care nursing and an income level were significantly associated with higher end‐of‐life care needs. The implications of this paper: Home care nurses must clearly assess the care needs of noncancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage and subsequently provide comprehensive patient‐centered care based on this assessment.It is important to adjust the care direction between patient, family, and medical staff from early on for patients who want to die at home.The results highlight needs for the development of interventions that focus on the duration of home care nursing of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In data analysis, analyzing the relationships between the variables such as correlation analysis and regression analysis are very important. Correlation analysis and regression analysis are not only very important in analyzing the influence relationship and causal relationship of variables but also serve as the basis for statistical analysis. Furthermore, they are essential and important as basic analysis for machine learning analysis such as deep learning. This is because in analyzing the input and output in deep learning, variables with high correlation are selected first, and in analyzing the causal relationship, it is basic to first conduct basic analysis such as regression analysis. Especially, when data are observed as fuzzy data with ambiguous information, it is difficult to propose unique methods for those analyses due to its complexity. However, the application of fuzzy theory to correlation analysis for data with such ambiguous information has not been an effective study, and several studies have been conducted in cases where the data is not general fuzzy data or interval estimation. As a result, the effectiveness of the fuzzy theory was not highlighted. In particular, the variable selection method for selecting important variables in multiple regression analysis is a very important and essential process in regression analysis. A variable that is significant in simple regression analysis may not be significant in multiple regression analysis due to its relationship with other variables. Therefore, not all variables that affect the dependent variable can be used as independent variables in multiple regression analysis. Therefore, multiple regression analysis goes through the process of excluding some variables. But until now, the process of fuzzy multiple regression analysis has not been applied without a variable selection method and the significance of important variables has not been emphasized that much. In this paper, a fuzzy correlation coefficient and multiple fuzzy regression analysis using variable section method are proposed. For this, first defuzzification and fuzzy ordering are defined. And then fuzzy correlation coefficient is proposed using L 2 distance. Next, fuzzy sum of squares are defined for F-statistics to test the significance of the regression model. Using this F-statistics, fuzzy R2, and fuzzy RMSE, several variable selection methods are proposed based on distance approach. For the data analysis, foreign exchange reserve data and house price of South Korea have been applied which are important indicators for economic crisis. The financial data is mostly recorded as closing values, but the closing values cannot be the representative of the given period of time. Therefore, we can deal with the financial data as fuzzy data which have some fluctuation that can be considered as vagueness that the data originally include. We have used foreign exchange reserve data and house price data with several financial variables. And the proposed fuzzy correlation coefficient and variable selection for fuzzy regression analysis are applied to these financial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Combustible cigarette (CC) smoking is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and some studies reported that tobacco smoking might affect the development or symptom control of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and atopic dermatitis. However, evidence on the health risks of heated tobacco products (HTPs) is lacking. We investigated the prevalence of respiratory and allergic diseases according to tobacco use types in Korean adults. METHODS We used data from 18230 adults in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the prevalence of respiratory and allergic diseases according to tobacco use types (current exclusive CC use, current exclusive HTPs use, and dual use of CC and HTPs). RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive CC users, exclusive HTPs users, dual users of CC and HTPs was 15% (n=2740), 1% (n=182), and 2.4% (n=435), respectively. The prevalence of COPD was higher among past tobacco users (AOR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.02-5.51) versus no tobacco use group. The prevalence of asthma was higher among past tobacco users or exclusive CC users (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.26-2.38, and AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.08-2.26) versus non-users of tobacco. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher among past tobacco users versus non-users of tobacco (AOR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.13-1.57), and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher among exclusive HTPs users versus non-users of tobacco or exclusive CC users (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.06-2.4; and AOR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.14-2.66). The adjusted odds of sinusitis and atopic dermatitis were not significantly different between tobacco use types. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive use of HTPs was associated with allergic rhinitis in Korean adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the health risk of HTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is underway. However, there are not many studies on the use of masks, which are essential for infection prevention. This descriptive study aimed to understand the factors influencing the use of masks by Korean adults during COVID‐19. We conducted an online survey with 280 adults in South Korea between August and September 2020, analyzing the data using SPSS version 24.0. Multiple regression analyses were performed to understand the factors that influence individuals' use of masks. The participants' perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, other people's dignity, compliance with public order, reasonable decision making, and subjective norms explained 21.6% of mask use. Mask use is expected to increase further if people perceive a personal need to wear masks, if their peers perceive the importance of mask use, and if they possess civic consciousness that considers society as a whole. This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of public health, with evidence‐based recommendations for increasing mask use, going beyond simply attributing mask use to individual preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to measure the frequency of spiritual needs, identify the factors associated with these needs among Korean and American persons living with an advance chronic illness and compare them from a cross‐cultural perspective. Background: Persons with serious or life‐limiting illnesses often have spiritual needs. Unmet spiritual needs are associated with poor well‐being and threaten psychological health. Little is known about how specific spiritual needs vary across cultures. Design: A quantitative, cross‐sectional, observational cross‐cultural comparison was undertaken. Methods: The study has been prepared in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from outpatient clinics in South Korea and Southern California (N = 202). Spiritual needs were measured using the Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT); demographic and illness‐related variables were also assessed using paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires. Data were analysed using various parametric statistical tests, including multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings quantify the intensity and types of spiritual needs that persons living with an advanced chronic illness experience. Furthermore, they show how the spiritual needs of religiously diverse samples of South Koreans and Americans differ. The findings also indicate that self‐reported spirituality and religiosity independently explain a substantial amount of the variance in spiritual needs. Conclusions: In both the samples, spiritual needs were reported and associated with spirituality and religiosity. Although all the eight domains of spiritual needs assessed by the SpIRIT were pertinent to the Korean and American samples, they were prioritised differently. Relevance to clinical practice: Screening patients to ascertain how important spirituality or religiosity is to them may help clinicians focus their in‐depth assessments on those who report high levels of spirituality or religiosity because these patients may experience the strongest spiritual needs. The SpIRIT shows promise as a measure of diverse spiritual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Tobacco users are categorized as single, dual, and triple users based on the number of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products) used. This study addressed a literature gap by examining how adult Korean tobacco users' quit attempts/plans differed based on the user type, and the associated psychosocial and subjective health-related factors. METHODS We used a questionnaire to examine participants' self-reported health, stress, health concerns, health behavior, tobacco addiction, intentions/plans to quit, and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Of the 1288 tobacco users, 55.4%, 28.3%, and 16.4% were single, dual, and triple users, respectively. Self-rated health and stress were lowest among single users and highest among triple users. Most user types had intentions/plans to quit, especially triple users. Quit attempts and plans increased with increasing health behaviors and time elapsed before first tobacco use in the morning, but decreased with higher stress and self-rated addiction. CONCLUSIONS Intentions/plans to quit tobacco use varied based on the type of tobacco user. Multiple users had higher self-rated health, plans to quit, and self-reported addiction; they considered themselves healthy or engaged in healthy behaviors to offset problems from tobacco use and used multiple tobacco products to quit smoking. Highly stressed users had fewer plans to quit and used tobacco for stress relief. Thus, the provision of accurate information about tobacco products and stress management is important to promote successful quitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) both are legal consumer products in the Republic of Korea. Little is known about perceptions of harmfulness of HTPs and NVPs relative to cigarettes in South Korea among adults who smoke, and how exposure to marketing may be associated with harmfulness perceptions. METHODS This study used data from the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Korea Survey, and included 3713 adult (aged 19 years) cigarette smokers who were: 1) exclusive smokers (n=1845); 2) dual HTP + cigarette consumers (n=1130); 3) dual NVP + cigarette consumers (n=224); and 4) triple consumers (all three products, n=514). Weighted multinomial regression models were conducted to estimate smokers' perceptions of harmfulness of HTPs and NVPs compared to cigarettes, NVPs to HTPs, and self-reported exposure to HTP/NVP advertising. Analyses compared the perceptions of harmfulness between the four different consumer groups, and tested whether exposure to HTP/NVP advertising was associated with perceptions of lower relative harm. RESULTS Among all respondents, 27.5% believe that HTPs are less harmful than cigarettes and 23.4% believe that NVPs are less harmful than cigarettes. Exclusive cigarettes smokers were significantly less likely to perceive that HTPs and NVPs are less harmful than cigarettes compared to dual HTP + cigarette consumers, dual NVP + cigarette consumers, and triple consumers (all p<0.001). Half of respondents perceive NVPs as equally harmful as HTPs (14.1% perceive NVPs as more harmful than HTPs). Exposure to HTP/NVP advertising was associated with perceiving these products as less harmful than cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS About one-quarter of Korean cigarette smokers perceive HTPs and NVPs as less harmful than cigarettes. Further investigation is required to understand how harm perceptions and HTP/NVP advertising are related to changes in product use, such as switching between products, using multiple products, or discontinuing all product use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION This study examined the association between smoking status and death from COVID-19. METHODS This study used nationwide cohort data collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, linking to information on all individuals who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The smoking status of subjects who participated twice in national health screenings between 2015 and 2018 was measured. This study investigated death from COVID-19 among those who tested positive from 1 January to 30 May 2020. RESULTS This study included 4259 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. After adjusting for all potential confounding factors, current smokers (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=3.75; 95% CI: 1.23-11.36) and recent quitters (AOR=3.74; 95% CI: 1.12-12.53) were associated with an increased risk of death from COVID-19 compared to never smokers. Compared with current smokers, long-term quitters (AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.11-0.95) and never smokers (AOR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.09-0.81) were associated with a reduced risk of death from COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Smoking was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with COVID-19. Given the lower possibility of death in long-term quitters with COVID-19, continuous smoking cessation among smokers or recent quitters is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Low parental education level and parental smoking are major risk factors for household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among adolescents. We investigated the trend in household SHS exposure according to sex, school, and parental education level to determine whether the decline in household SHS exposure over time depends on parental education level. METHODS We used cross-sectional Korea Youth Risk Behavior datasets (2006-2020; 806829 subjects were eligible). We applied binary logistic regression to assess household SHS exposure trends and evaluated the interaction between period and parental education level. RESULTS Household SHS exposure over 15 years has declined. The difference (0.121) was the smallest for male middle school students with low-educated parents. The slope for the estimated probability of household SHS exposure among students with high-educated parents was steeper than that for those with low-educated parents, except for female high school students (difference=0.141). Students with low-educated parents were at higher risk of household SHS exposure (male middle school students, adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.47-1.56; male high school students, AOR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.38-1.47; female middle school students, AOR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.58-1.67; female high school students, AOR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.57-1.67). The interaction between parental education level and period was significant. We also found a significant interaction between parental education level and parental smoking (other x present interaction, AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.60--0.67; low--low x present interaction, AOR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.83-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Changes in parental education level over time mainly contributed to changes in adolescents' household SHS exposure. Adolescents with low-educated parents were at higher risk of household SHS exposure, with a slower decline. These gaps must be considered when creating and implementing interventions. Campaigns and community programs to prevent household SHS need to be emphasized among vulnerable adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pressuremeter test (PMT) is a representative and highly reliable in situ test for assessing the stress–strain behavior of weathered granite. Its application, however, is restricted by its cost and time requirements. Many researchers have also investigated the correlations between the SPT-N value and the pressuremeter modulus (Em) and limit pressure (PL) of soils, but they have mostly focused on sand, silt, and clay and have employed simple regression analysis. In this study, equations for Em and PL were derived for weathered granite through multiple nonlinear regression analyses using a chemical weathering index that quantitatively represents the degree of weathering. Nonlinear multiple regression analyses were conducted by combining the allometric models that produced the optimal correlations between Em, PL, energy corrected SPT-N (SPT-N60), and normalized VR (Vogt' ratio) with vertical effective stress. The obtained equations for Em and PL had higher R2 values (0.76 and 0.46, respectively) compared with the simple regression equations reported in previous studies. Because local characteristics are important determinants of the engineering properties of geo-materials, the Em and PL equations proposed in this paper are intended for use in geotechnical surveys of weathered granite in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how technological capabilities and entrepreneurship of technology-based start-ups affect their performance. In this paper, a multiple regression analysis was conducted on 248 technology-based start-ups. The effects of indicators of technological capacity like R&D intensity, R&D organization, technology competitiveness, patents, and certification were analyzed. Factors affecting sales were R&D intensity and technological competitiveness. Technology competitiveness and patents were the significant factors influencing product competitiveness. The factor that positively influenced organizational performance, customer performance, and achievement of start-up goals was technological competitiveness. The results of such an analysis should be designed to discover and foster long-term innovation potential, rather than relying on short-term financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to improve academic understanding of middle school students' academic problems by examining their impact on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, and to provide basic data to them in preparing various solutions. The Multiple Regression analysis was conducted on 388 middle school students to check the degree of influence on Academic Engagement and Academic Burnout, environmental Variables (parent relationship, friend relationship, teacher relationship) and individual Variables (life satisfaction, happiness, Self-Esteem, autonomy, Attention focused, Grit, depression). According to the analysis of 388 middle school students, the factors affecting Academic Engagement were: attention concentration, teacher relationship, persistence, self-respect, life satisfaction, parent relationship, depression and happiness. Second, the factors affecting Academic Burnout were depression, teacher relationships, friend relationships, parent relationships, persistence, self-respect, and attention. Since then, these findings have suggested directions and implications to prevent Academic Burnout, of middle school students in Korea and to them to Academic Engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of an employee’s consideration of future consequences (CFCs) in predicting employee task performance and its situational contexts (i.e. organizational support and supervisor support) based on trait activation theory.Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional field study design, data were collected from 189 employees and their immediate supervisors in South Korea.Findings Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that employees’ CFC has a positive effect on their task performance. Furthermore, this study investigated whether this relationship would be varied by relevant situational factors. Consistent with the hypotheses, the relevance of CFC to employees’ task performance would be stronger when they perceive low levels of organizational support based on trait activation theory.Practical implications The findings suggest the importance of employees’ CFC on task performance. Also, organizations should pay more attention to the way of compensating for employees with low levels of CFC by fostering supportive environment.Originality/value Although researchers have been examined long-term perspectives in the business field, a few studies have examined its effect at the individual level. This paper identified not only the main effect of CFC on employee task performance but also the moderating role of organizational support on the aforementioned relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to explore factors associated with smoking cessation in male smokers with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer, the two leading causes of death worldwide, and to compare them with quitting factors in smokers without the two diseases. METHODS This is a secondary dataset analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), nationally representative data from 2008-2019 (excluding 2013-2014), and included 12998 men without CVD or cancer (group without CVD or cancer), 1027 men with CVD (CVD group), and 616 men with cancer (cancer group). A Wald test with multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS The quitting success rates in the CVD and cancer groups were consistently higher than those in the group without CVD or cancer. Old age and willpower in the CVD group, and old age and being married in the cancer group were associated with quitting success. Secondhand smoking and methods of quitting other than willpower were related to quitting failure in both groups. When interaction effects between the groups were examined, household income was the only factor associated with successful cessation in the group without CVD or cancer (AOR=1.17, 1.18, and 1.40, among the second, third, and fourth highest income quartiles, respectively; p for interaction=0.023). Higher smoking amounts (AOR=0.85; p<0.001) and poor health perception (AOR=0.64; p=0.035) were associated with quitting failure in the group without CVD or cancer. However, no significant factor was detected related to smoking cessation in both the CVD and cancer groups when the interaction effect was investigated. CONCLUSIONS The quitting success rates in the CVD and cancer groups were higher, but no disease-specific quitting factors were identified. Therefore, being diagnosed with CVD or cancer itself could be inferred as a motive for quitting smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Adolescents who partake in one health risk behaviour (HRB) easily adopt other HRBs, simultaneously or subsequently.Multiple HRBs might threaten adolescents' future health in adulthood.Adolescents with psychological problems have higher rates of smoking, alcohol use, early sexual initiation and activity, and illicit substance use compared with others. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: A considerable number of Korean adolescents with mental health problems were engaged in multiple HRBs. For those with mental health problems, more than half of the Korean adolescents with multiple HRBs tended to use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently.Korean adolescents who felt depressed and had suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs.Substance abuse is the most prevalent problem that is combined with other HRBs among those with depression and suicidal ideation compared to those who exhibited other HRBs. What are the implications for practice?: When mental health nurses working in schools and community centres for mental health identify Korean adolescents with significant depression and suicide ideation levels, they should also assess adolescents' engagement in multiple HRBs.Population‐based campaigns and policy changes that emphasize both psychological health and risky behaviour reduction among adolescents should be provided simultaneously to students and school nurses. Introduction: There is limited understanding about whether poor mental health is associated with certain combinations of multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs) such as smoking, drinking, early sexual activity and substance abuse. Aim: To determine the prevalence of multiple HRBs and to identify associations between poor mental health and multiple HRBs as the number of HRBs increases. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey (N = 65,528). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted using the complex sample data. Results: Overall, 28.6% and 13.9% of Korean adolescents were involved in one or multiple HRBs, respectively. Adolescents who were depressed (OR = 1.43–4.47, 95% CI = 1.37–1.49 to 3.23–6.20) and/or who had suicidal ideation (OR = 1.33–3.19, 95% CI = 1.25–1.42 to 2.25–4.51) were more likely to engage in multiple HRBs. Discussion: A considerable numbers of Korean adolescents are engaged in multiple HRBs. When adolescents self‐reported depression and suicidal ideation, they were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs than single HRB. Implications for practice: Tailored interventions to decrease multiple HRBs should be designed and provided by considering adolescents' mental health status and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the relationship between parental abuse, ego-resilience, social stigma, career barriers, and depressive symptoms among out-of-school youths. The data of 522 adolescents (mean age = 18.01 years) from the Dropout Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were used. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that female adolescents reported more depressive symptoms than male adolescents. The family economic status and ego-resilience were negatively related to depressive symptoms. Parental abuse was positively associated with depressive symptoms. In particular, social stigma and career barriers were positively related to depressive symptoms. Notably, social stigma and career barriers explained 17.7% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The results of this study suggest that society needs to reduce the social stigma and career barriers perceived by out-of-school youth. Professional counselors and social workers could help these individuals by providing them information and advice for their careers and reducing perceived social stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized nationally approved data from the 2022 Long-Term Care Survey of Korea to examine the factors associated with career disruptions and employment status among family caregivers of home-based care recipients. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to address the research questions. The results indicated that 19.39% of family caregivers of home-based care recipients experienced career disruptions due to informal caregiving. Demographic factors such as gender, age of family caregivers, and their relationship with care recipients predicted their employment status. Gender was a significant explanatory factor, as daughters/daughters-in-law were more likely to be in insecure employment positions than sons. Lower household income and older age were also associated with employment insecurity. Recommendations include coverage expansion, family support programs, and pension credit for family caregivers to meet the needs of care recipients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace bullying is a critical and prevalent issue that causes serious problems in healthcare settings. However, there is little research on the factors affecting nursing students' perception of workplace bullying despite their forthcoming transition into the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors related to nursing students' perception of workplace bullying in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 nursing students who had experienced clinical practice. The survey questionnaire included general characteristics, perceived susceptibility and severity of bullying, and perception of workplace bullying. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. In this study, the significant factors affecting nursing students' perception of workplace bullying included bullying experience in clinical practice and the perceived severity of bullying. Therefore, it is crucial for nursing managers and instructors to have a clear understanding of the bullying situations experienced by nursing students during clinical practice. We should promote the perception of workplace bullying through indirect experiences such as systematic education about workplace bullying for nursing students, which may prevent workplace bullying in clinical practice and work environments. Furthermore, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is necessary to effectively prevent workplace bullying in clinical practice and work environments. This study reveals that systemic and persistent education and intervention to bullying may improve nursing students' perception of workplace bullying and prevent workplace bullying in clinical practice and work environments. Furthermore, this study provides basic data on the prevention and management of bullying in nursing students' clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the relationships of health literacy, physical activity, and grip strength with self-care compliance in older male patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive was conducted, and 106 older male outpatients with chronic HF were recruited from a veterans' hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from February 7, 2022 to April 10, 2022 using a self-reported questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The average age of the participants was 76.3±4.5 years, and the average time elapsed since the heart failure diagnosis was 3.22±2.01 years. The mean self-care compliance score was 42.21 ±6.03 out of 60 points. In the univariate analysis, grip strength was not significantly correlated with self-care compliance. The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that health literacy (β=.33, p<.001), physical activity (β=.32, p=.001), and alcohol drinking (β=-.28, p=.001 ) had statistically significant effects on self-care compliance, collectively explaining 34% of the variance (adjusted R²=.34, F=12.00, p<.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the necessity of periodically assessing and considering health literacy and the level of physical activity when developing educational strategies to promote self-care compliance among older male patients with heart failure in outpatient nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study identified the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between job stress and the professional quality of life of hospice and palliative care nurses. Methods: The participants included 136 hospice and palliative care nurses from 13 inpatient hospice and palliative care wards at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city in South Korea. Data were collected from February 2022 to March 2022. Hayes' PROCESS macro 3.5 was used to test the significance of the parameter's indirect effects. Professional quality of life was divided into three subdomains: compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. Results: As a mediator, resilience had both direct and indirect effects on the relationship between job stress and the compassion satisfaction of hospice and palliative care nurses. Furthermore, there were both direct and indirect effects on the relationship between job stress and secondary traumatic stress. Finally, although there was no direct effect on the relationship between job stress and burnout, there was an indirect mediating effect. Conclusion: This study confirmed the direct effect of compassion satisfaction on job stress and the professional quality of life of hospice and palliative care nurses, as well as the mediating effect of resilience on job stress and burnout. To improve the professional quality of life of hospice and palliative care nurses, it is necessary to develop and apply programs that enhance resilience in order to promote its mediating effects on compassion satisfaction and burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationships among communication competence, professional autonomy and clinical reasoning and to identify the factors that influence clinical reasoning competence in oncology nurses. Design: Cross‐sectional descriptive design. Methods: Participants included 147 oncology nurses with more than a year of clinical experience in cancer wards. The Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale, Schutzenhofer Professional Autonomy Scale and Nurses Clinical Reasoning Scale (NCRS) were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: Communication competence (r = 0.59) and professional autonomy (r = 0.46) showed significant positive relationships with clinical reasoning competence. Clinical experience, communication competence, age and professional autonomy were statistically significant predictors and explained 48.6% of clinical reasoning competence. Conclusions: The clinical reasoning competence of oncology nurses increases proportionally with their communication competence and professional autonomy. Therefore, oncology nurses must reinforce their communication competence and professional autonomy to enhance their clinical reasoning competence. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: The reinforcement of communication competence and professional autonomy is necessary for oncology nurses to enhance their clinical reasoning competence. In order to improve nurses' communication competence, practical‐focused communication education programmes must be designed and deployed systematically and periodically. In addition, to increase nurses' professional autonomy, it is necessary to expand their clinical experiences through the regular rotation of working units and to make institutional efforts to retain experienced nurses. Reporting Method: We have adhered to STROBE checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: Participants in the study were recruited online. They were informed of the study's purpose, method and usability and the survey could only be conducted if they consented to participate voluntarily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Adverse effects of smoking on kidney function have been demonstrated in both general populations and in populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, quitting smoking can have a significant impact on the mortality and disease progression of CKD. This study examined and compared factors associated with quitting status of smoking, in patients with and without CKD, among Korean adult male smokers, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2019, excluding 2013. METHODS Wald test with multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate factors associated with quitting smoking in both CKD and non-CKD groups, along with the interaction effects between groups. RESULTS Of the 15747 eligible individuals, 909 had CKD, of whom 703 (weighted percentage: 74.4%) were quitters. In the non-CKD group, 8393 (weighted percentage: 50.4%) succeeded in quitting. Regular exercise was the only factor associated with quitting in both groups. The adjusted odd ratios with confidence intervals were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.17--1.42) and 2.84 (95% CI: 1.52--5.31) in the non-CKD and CKD groups, respectively (interaction p=0.0153). Unlike in the CKD group, marriage and higher systolic blood pressure were also associated with quitting, and lifetime smoking amount and secondhand smoke exposure at home were negatively associated with smoking cessation in the non-CKD group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise was the only factor associated with quitting smoking in the CKD group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive frailty, which is characterized by the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, poses significant risks to the well-being and independence of elderly individuals. Previous research has established that demographic, health-related, and social factors contribute to both physical frailty and cognitive decline. However, the role of social factors in influencing cognitive frailty remains unclear. This study aims to identify the relationship between social factors and cognitive frailty among Korean older adults living in the community. We performed secondary analyses of data from the 2020 Survey on Older Adults. After entering demographic factors and health-related factors into the logistic model as covariates, this study explored the association between cognitive frailty and social factors, including living arrangements, social support, the frequency of engagement in social activities per week, and satisfaction with friends and community. Among participants, approximately 2.9% had cognitive frailty, 3.2% had only physical frailty, and 21.9% had only cognitive decline. Lower levels of satisfaction with friends and the community and infrequent participation in social activities were strongly correlated with cognitive frailty. These findings emphasize the necessity of public health programs that encourage older individuals' social involvement. A supportive social environment can be fostered through initiatives that promote community events, group activities, and volunteerism. Public health policies should prioritize the development and maintenance of social activity centers that offer various programs to prevent progression to cognitive frailty in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effects of spousal support and parent–nurse partnership on caregiver burden of parents of children with chronic disease. Background: With the trend of increasing the global number of children with chronic diseases, the parental caregiver burden has become increasingly prevalent. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study participants included 115 parents of children diagnosed with chronic disease at a general hospital in South Korea. The study duration was 4 June 2021–30 April 2022. Self‐reported measures included the parent–nurse partnership scale, the Korean version of the Parenting Alliance Inventory and the family caregiver burden scale. T‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear multiple regression were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0. This study followed STROBE guideline. Results: Parental caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with spousal support and parent–nurse partnership. Factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were parental alcohol consumption; child's inherited metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, disease relating to haematological tumours or kidney disease diagnosis; child's health perceived as poor by parents; child's dependency perceived as high by parents; hospitalization recency; and low spousal support. These factors accounted for 65% of caregiver burden. Conclusion: Parental caregiver burden was related to spousal support and parent–nurse partnership, but the primary factor affecting caregiver burden was spousal support. Relevance to clinical practice: The results highlighted the role of healthcare professionals in educating parents of children with chronic diseases to facilitate spousal support and have implications for nursing and community‐based interventions to reduce parental caregiver burden. Furthermore, they underlined that policymakers and other stakeholders should pay attention to the parental caregiver burden through government‐based, family‐centered strategies. Patient or public contribution: Parents of children with chronic disease were recruited to perform the self‐administered survey in the phase of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the proliferation of tools available to search for information online, such as search engines and generative artificial intelligence (AI), many people still actively use social question-and-answer (Q&A) platforms. This study examines the best answerers on Korean social Q&A platforms as key content producers and potential entrepreneurs. The characteristics of the best answerers, who are the core contributors to social Q&A platforms, were analysed based on the 903 best answerers from the social Q&A platform Naver Knowledge-iN, a leading social Q&A platform in South Korea. Research hypotheses were formulated based on three key dimensions: the intrinsic characteristics of the answers (length, immediacy, and similarity with the question), attributes of the answerer (self-introduction, credentials beyond the social Q&A platform), and level of engagement of the answerer on the platform (variety in the field of answers, diversity in role activities on the platform). An in-depth analysis using a multiple regression model was conducted to test the hypotheses. The findings of the analysis results indicate that enhanced user performance is positively correlated with several factors. Specifically, longer answers, high similarity between questions and answers, additional credentials beyond the social Q&A platform, a broader range of fields answered, and active participation as both asker and answerer all contribute to improved user performance. These findings highlight what sets social Q&A platforms apart from other search tools such as search engines or generative AI chatbots. This study has practical implications for social Q&A platforms seeking to identify the best contributors who are likely to produce quality content and are potential entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the mortality rate among elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute drug intoxication resulting from suicide attempts. It also compared the characteristics of survivors and decedents to identify factors associated with mortality. Methods : This retrospective descriptive study included 150 patients aged 65 years or older who were admitted to the ICU of a tertiary university hospital in Gwangju due to acute drug intoxication, with the period spanning January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The mortality rate among elderly individuals admitted to the ICU for acute drug intoxication was 19.3%. The likelihood of death was significantly higher in patients with an acute physiology and chronic health examination (APACHE) III score of 70 or above (OR=23.75, 95% CI= 3.78-149.46, p < .001) and those with metabolic acidosis on initial acid-base results (OR=3.73, 95% CI=1.12- 12.43, p=.032). Conclusion : These findings underscore the need for developing and implementing systematic education and targeted nursing interventions for ICU nurses caring for acutely drug-intoxicated elderly adults, particularly considering the APACHE III score and the presence of metabolic acidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Leadership is increasingly becoming a priority in the forms of higher education associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution; however, few studies have examined it in the context of pharmacy education. This study investigated the levels of communication competence, critical thinking disposition, problem-solving ability, and leadership of pharmacy students, and identified factors related to leadership. Methods: This study was conducted using a nationwide cross-sectional online survey with a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 416 third-to-sixth-year pharmacy students from all 35 pharmacy schools in South Korea, completed the survey from September 1 to 15, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analysis. We verified construct validity by performing an exploratory factor analysis. Results: The pharmacy students revealed a moderate level of communication skills, critical thinking disposition, problem-solving ability, and leadership. Significant positive correlations were found among communication competence (r=0.724, p< 0.001), critical thinking disposition (r=0.615, p< 0.001), problem-solving ability (r=0.599, p< 0.001), and leadership. After adjustment for control variables, communication competence (β=0.319, p< 0.001) was found to be the most significant predictor of leadership (F=104.12, p< 0.001, R2=0.756). Conclusion: This study showed that the students' leadership was influenced by their competence in communicating effectively, thinking critically, and solving problems. Pharmacy educators should acknowledge and implement innovative curriculum and assessment approaches in preparing pharmacy students for their professional paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the surgery preparation time on patient outcomes. Background. Postoperative complications have a decisive effect on postoperative survival. The anesthesia time is a crucial determinant of such complications. Competent operating room nurses can shorten the surgery preparation time, which is the time from when anesthesia is first administered to the making of the surgical incision. The shortening of this preparation time can shorten the anesthesia time and may reduce postoperative complications. However, discussion of this preparation time is insufficient. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of the surgery preparation time on patient outcomes. Methods. From electronic health records data, this retrospective cohort study used the data of 1,944 patients who had been immediately admitted to the ICU after their surgery between 2017 and 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: ≥30 minutes preparation time and <30 minutes preparation time groups. We performed chi-squared tests and t-tests to determine differences in preoperation, intraoperation, and postoperation characteristics of the patients and patient outcomes based on the surgery preparation time. Furthermore, we performed a multiple logistic regression by including 12 adjusted variables to determine the influence of the surgery preparation time on patient outcomes. Results. Among the 1,944 patients, 820 were in the ≥30 minutes preparation time group and 1,124 in the <30 minutes preparation time group. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the surgery preparation time affects alertness (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: [1.09, 1.90]), ventilator application (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: [1.03, 1.70]), and length of stay in the ICU (OR = 1.69; 95% CI [1.16, 2.47]). Conclusions. The surgery preparation time affects postoperative patient outcomes. The competence of operating room nurses is the most essential aspect of the surgery preparation time. Implications for Nursing Management. It is important to analyze operating room nurses' tasks, standardize the tasks, and educate nurses according to their experience level to reduce the surgery preparation time and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated differences in inner strength, multiple identities, and quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors, considering gender and the presence of an ostomy. It also focused on identifying factors that influenced their quality of life. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 170 colorectal cancer survivors were recruited. Inner strength, multiple identities, and quality of life were assessed through an online survey. Within each subgroup, comparisons were made in two ways: (a) between women and men; and (b) between ostomy and non-ostomy groups. Results: The quality of life for colorectal cancer survivors was higher among men than women. For inner strength, men reported higher levels of anguish and searching, whereas women showed higher levels of connectedness. The quality of life was higher in the non-ostomy group than the ostomy group. However, the non-ostomy group had a higher level of anguish and searching than the ostomy group. Inner strength emerged as the most powerful factor influencing quality of life after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of inner strength in colorectal cancer survivors. It provides a deeper understanding of quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors by examining factors that influence it and considering how these effects differ based on gender and the presence of an ostomy. To improve the quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors, it is essential to comprehend the roles of factors such as gender and ostomy and develop individualized interventions tailored to their specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) experience a variety of symptoms. This descriptive correlational study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms and the physiological and situational factors associated with these symptoms in ICU patients. Methods: We analyzed the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of 1,214 cases admitted to and discharged from the ICUs of a university hospital in Seoul over a 1-year period from June to September 2022. This analysis utilized standardized instruments embedded in EMRs and a natural language analysis framework developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, the x2 test, the Fisher exact test, and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify common symptoms and their related factors. Results: In total, 85.7% of the cases had at least one symptom during their ICU stay, and 36.6% experienced 2 symptoms. Pain was the most frequently experienced symptom, affecting 69.5% of cases, followed by agitation (29.7%), dyspnea (29.7%), and delirium (4.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the length of ICU stay influenced pain (odds ratio [OR]=1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02~1.06; p<.001), delirium (OR=1.08; 95% CI, 1.06~1.11; p<.001), agitation (OR=1.07; 95% CI, 1.05~1.10; p<.001), and dyspnea (OR=1.19; 95% CI, 1.13~1.26; p<.001). Conclusion: Pain, agitation, and dyspnea are common in ICU patients and are associated with the length of their ICU stay. Our study identifies factors related to these symptoms that could be targeted to manage and reduce their occurrence, providing a foundation for future research on various symptom assessment tools and natural language transcripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Elder abuse continues to be a serious problem that greatly affects the overall health and quality of life of elderly victims. Although abused elders have a substantial risk of re-abuse, very limited knowledge is available about elder re-abuse. This study examines whether differences exist between substantiated initial elder abuse and re-abuse cases in terms of victims', perpetrators', abuse-related, and contextual characteristics. Method: Data were collected from 12 Elder Protective Service (EPS) agencies in South Korea, and EPS caseworkers completed multi-section questionnaires based on case records. Elderly victims' and perpetrators' characteristics, and abuse-related and contextual data were obtained. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 276 substantiated elder abuse cases (90.9% initial abuse, and 9.1% re-abuse cases) were included in this analysis. There are some differences between the initial abuse and re-abuse in the characteristics of victims (income, education), perpetrators (living with the victim, alcohol/substance abuse), and contextual factors (social isolation, relationship with neighbors). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that elderly victims' low-income (OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.67–24.74, p <.01) and perpetrators' alcohol/substance abuse problems (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.07- 6.75, p <.05) were associated with a higher likelihood of re-abuse. Conclusions: Victims' low income and perpetrators' alcohol/substance abuse problems should be considered as factors associated with elder re-abuse. This study provides additional knowledge on elder re-abuse and offers implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving triage accuracy for accurate patient identification and appropriate resource allocation is essential. Little is known about the trend of triage accuracy, and factors associated with mistriage vary from study to study. Aim: To identify incidence and risk factors of mistriage, such as overtriage and undertriage. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: The data came from the National Emergency Department Information System database in 2016–2020. All patients 15 years and older visiting emergency departments in Korea were assessed for eligibility, and 20,641,411 emergency patients' data were used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to confirm the associated factors with overtriage and undertriage compared to expected triage. Demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors were independent variables. Results: Expected triage decreased from 96.8% in 2016 to 95.7% in 2020. Overtriage (0.5%–0.7%) and undertriage (2.4%–3.3%) increased. The occupation that performed triage the most (over 85%) was nurses. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics (40–64 age group, female), disease-related signs (known disease, direct visit) and triage-related factors (regional emergency medical centre). Risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates within normal range). Conclusions: While the acuity degree remained within the recommended range, the accuracy of triage decreased, and there was a gradual increase in mistriaged cases. Nurses have performed most of the triage and played a key role in expected triage. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors and risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. Implications for the profession: Nurses should be aware of what factors are associated with mistriage and why the factors cause mistriage to improve the triage accuracy because they are responsible for the majority of the triage assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms among Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on the findings of the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2022). The study included 51,850 adolescents and analyzed the relationships among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms using complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the Korean adolescents, 12.7% experienced general anxiety disorder, while 28.7% experienced depressive symptoms. The prevalence of allergic diseases was 5.7% for asthma, 36.3% for allergic rhinitis, and 22.2% for atopic dermatitis. General anxiety disorder was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis but not atopic dermatitis. Depressive symptoms were associated asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: Examining the correlation among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms in adolescents underscores the need for implementing suitable strategies. Moreover, when addressing general anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms in adolescents, it becomes crucial to consider the presence of allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study aimed to examine the relationships among shift-working nurses' meal time, break time and workplace characteristics. Methods. The cross-sectional study analyzed 351 questionnaires from 117 nurses who worked three shifts, drawn from eight nursing units in two tertiary hospitals located in South Korea. Meal time and break time during work were investigated through a questionnaire that participants completed immediately after the end of each shift. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between nurses' work characteristics and meal time and break time. Results. Meal time and break time were less than 30 min on all shifts and significantly longer on the night shift than on the other shifts. As patients' average length of stay increased, meal time increased on day and night shifts, while break time decreased on evening shifts. Overall, a higher nursing staff-to-patient ratio was associated with shorter meal and break times. Conclusions. It was found that nurses were not able to take proper time for meals and breaks while working. A realistic and specific strategy should be prepared to address this issue, with appropriate consideration of the specific characteristics of nurse staffing, patients' conditions and shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of group education reflecting unmet needs led by Nurse Practitioners (NPs) on essential knowledge regarding chemotherapy for cancer patients and their families undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Conducted at a tertiary general hospital in Seoul from December 30, 2020, to April 30, 2022, this study, which is based on a one group pre-post design, involved 104 cancer patients and their families. It assessed differences in knowledge regarding chemotherapy and satisfaction levels by means of participation through video-based group education led by NPs. The data were analyzed with SAS version 9.4 using paired t-tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The average score of knowledge regarding chemotherapy increased from 80.0 to 89.8 (p<.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, being less than 50 years old (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]=13.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.76~10.20) and having a college degree or higher (aOR=3.99, 95% CI: 1.15~13.82) were associated with an increase in knowledge regarding chemotherapy. Satisfaction with participation in the group education program was also reported to be high. Conclusion: This study aimed to develop and implement a group education program for cancer patients and their families undergoing chemotherapy, assess changes in knowledge levels, and investigate satisfaction with the program. As a result of the study, the average score of patients who received the group education program increased; thus, it is an effective method for improving the degree of knowledge about the daily life of cancer patients and the management of side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated a screening method for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that combined bioimpedance features and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score. Data were collected from 539 subjects aged 60 years or older at the Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias (GARD) Cohort Research Center, A total of 470 participants were used for the analysis, including 318 normal controls and 152 MCI participants. We measured bioimpedance, K-MMSE, and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-II). We developed a multiple linear regression model to predict MCI by combining bioimpedance variables and K-MMSE total score and compared the model's accuracy with SNSB-II domain scores by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We additionally compared the model performance with several machine learning models such as extreme gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machine, and elastic net. To test the model performances, the dataset was divided into a training set (70%) and a test set (30%). The AUROC values of SNSB-II scores were 0.803 in both sexes, 0.840 for males, and 0.770 for females. In the combined model, the AUROC values were 0.790 (0.773) for males (and females), which were significantly higher than those from the model including MMSE scores alone (0.723 for males and 0.622 for females) or bioimpedance variables alone (0.640 for males and 0.615 for females). Furthermore, the accuracies of the combined model were comparable to those of machine learning models. The bioimpedance-MMSE combined model effectively distinguished the MCI participants and suggests a technique for rapid and improved screening of the elderly population at risk of cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]