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2. Strategic Budgeting at Colleges and Universities. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.3.2020
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education and Hyatt, James A.
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In recent years a number of colleges and universities have explored alternative strategies for developing operating budgets. In part this exploration was driven by the desire for transparency among various constituent groups and the need to tie budgeting to campus strategic planning. With the advent of declining federal and state support, along with changing student demand, the need for a more strategic approach to budgeting has gained momentum. This paper highlights the various budgetary approaches currently in use and provides examples of their application in a variety of university settings. Particular emphasis is given to the process by which universities develop new models.
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- 2020
3. What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgement Approach. Technical Report. Appendices. Getting Down to Facts II
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Stanford University, Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Levin, Jesse, de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak, Atchison, Drew, Manship, Karen, Arellanes, Melissa, and Hu, Lynn
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This document contains the following nine appendixes of the main report, "What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgment Approach. Technical Report. Getting Down to Facts II": (1) Professional Judgement Panel General Instructions; (2) Professional Judgement Panel. Task Instructions; (3) School Resource Profiles; (4) Suggested Reading for Professional Judgement Panelists; (5) Professional Judgement Panelist Information; (6) Program Design Documents; (7) Professional Judgement Panelist Cost Estimates; (8) Descriptive Statistics; and (9) Explanation of Update to Study Findings. [For the main report, see ED594739.]
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- 2018
4. What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgment Approach. Technical Report. Getting Down to Facts II
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Stanford University, Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Levin, Jesse, de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak, Atchison, Drew, Manship, Karen, Arellanes, Melissa, and Hu, Lynn
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This report presents the results of a thorough study conducted by American Institutes for Research (AIR) to investigate the cost of providing an "adequate" education to California students attending public elementary, middle, and high schools. The study addresses the following question: "What is the cost of providing all California public school students with access to the California content standards and achieving appropriate levels of proficiency in accordance with standards established by the California Department of Education?" The AIR research team employed a professional judgment approach to costing out an adequate education. This approach leveraged the knowledge and experience of groups of expert educators, known as professional judgment panels (PJPs), to develop school programs that are capable of delivering an adequate education. For the purposes of this study, an adequate education was defined as providing access to instructional programs consistent with the California content standards and providing the opportunity to achieve the proficiency standards established by the California State Board of Education. The PJPs' school program designs needed to deliver adequate education at a minimum cost, and in a variety of contexts with different enrollment sizes and different student needs (i.e., different proportions of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, students classified as English learners [ELs], and students enrolled in special education). Chapters in the report include: (1) Introduction and Overview; (2) Measuring Adequacy Cost Estimates through the Professional Judgment Approach; (3) Translating Resource Specifications into Cost Estimates; (4) "Costing Out" California Adequacy: The Results; (5) Summary and Conclusion. [For the appendices to this report, see ED594741. For a related research summary, see "Working Toward K-12 Funding Adequacy: California's Current Policies and Funding Levels. Research Brief. Getting Down to Facts II" (ED594719).]
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- 2018
5. Strategic Resource Allocation for the 21st Century: How State Leaders Can Address the Silent Recession
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WestEd, Krausen, Kelsey, Caparas, Ruthie, Ripma, Tye, and Willis, Jason
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School districts and state education systems across the country are in the midst of an increasingly challenging fiscal environment. In many states, funding for K-12 education remains below pre-recession levels in what has been called a "punishing decade for school funding" (Leachman et al., 2017), despite efforts in recent years to increase funding levels for the sector. Consequently, budget forecasts for school districts are increasingly grim, and many districts are being forced to make difficult decisions about how to leverage limited dollars to best meet the needs of students. As education expenses continue to outpace revenues -- often in ways that are outside of the general public's awareness -- school districts are experiencing a "Silent Recession" (Krausen & Willis, 2018), forcing many districts to make difficult decisions about how to maximize limited dollars to best meet the needs of students. This paper outlines a series of state-level strategies for helping districts to address these rising costs and strategically deploy resources to improve student outcomes. The strategies are drawn from a research and media review, as well as interviews with 20 state leaders, directors of regional education-focused nonprofits, and leading education researchers across 10 states. To provide context, the paper first outlines the external and internal factors contributing to increased education costs, as well as current trends in state-level funding distribution policy and practice. Next, it focuses on state-level resource allocation strategies in the following three key areas: (1) special education; (2) educator compensation and benefits; and (3) revenue generation. The review of research, media coverage, and interviews with district and state leaders indicated that these three areas were among the most influential factors currently affecting districts' fiscal stability.
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- 2020
6. Resource Management Practices of a Public Higher Institution in the Philippines
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Acido, Josephine V. and Kilongkilong, Dennis Anthony A.
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The Philippines is grappling to effectively finance school education resulting in serious consequences for the provision of quality education amidst the backdrop of the pandemic. In this paper, resource management practices of a Public Higher Institution in the Philippines using these dimensions as planning, budgeting, allocation and control were assessed. Descriptive research design was used. Only 72 out of 253 respondents were randomly chosen from administrators, teaching and non-teaching staffs had participated in this study using a validated researched-made questionnaire. Findings revealed that budgeting and allocation were manifested all the time while planning and control practices were implemented most of the time. In order to actualize the resource management rationalization and improvement plan, it is recommended that following projects must have management support and implement in terms of Standardization of Policies and Procedure as well as the Information and Communication Technology Utilization for Resource Management Improvement. The institution must set aside funds to ensure the anticipated development program's success.
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- 2022
7. Cameroon's Higher Education Reform for Socio-Economic Relevance and Recommendations Based on China's Experience - A Summary
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Donkeng Nazo, Armel
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This paper is a summary of my doctoral dissertation; it investigates the recent developments and reforms launched by Cameroon Higher Education policymakers to upgrade and align this sector to the needs of the country's socio-economic development and suggest strategies built from China's successful experience. This qualitative work was done in the broad discipline of comparative education and therefore compared and shared some best practices that China has accumulated in reforming its HE system. As a developing country assuming a different development model or certain independence from the Western model, China constitutes an example that can only inspire Cameroon differently. Considering this systemic difference with the West, including in its Higher Education (HE) system, the adoption of successful Chinese practices in this research provides new and original perspectives on HE. Findings from document analysis and participants' perceptions have shown in the study that Cameroonian authorities, in their recent HE policies have stressed on professionalization, curriculum reform, university entrepreneurship, and on university's third mission. On the Chinese side, strategies in reforming its HE sector were elaborated around prioritization of the HE sector development, a vigorously governmental promotion of the National System of Innovation (NSI), a strategic structuration and organization of the HE sector in poles for more efficient investment, the introduction of market model mechanisms in resources distribution, management, and a permanent effort to align HE to the national development strategies and needs. Among the strategies suggested for Cameroon, this research has insisted on strengthening the NSI, strategic restructuring of HE in poles, the development of public vocational and technological HEIs, and a substantial financial allocation based on market-type mechanisms.
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- 2022
8. China in the Global Field of International Student Mobility: An Analysis of Economic, Human and Symbolic Capitals
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Yang, Peidong
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The global landscape of higher education is an uneven field where players like nation-states are placed in hierarchical and centre-periphery relations. This paper focuses on the global field of international student mobility (ISM) and investigates China's place in the field using an analytical framework consisting of three key categories of 'capital': "economic," "human," and "symbolic." Drawing on existing scholarship and author's first-hand ethnographic research, the paper examines the case of China as both a source and a destination of ISM, and analyses the flows and accrual of these three forms of capital as consequences of outbound and inbound student mobilities. Analyses show that in a global ISM field characterised by asymmetries and inequalities, China's place is arguably "semi-peripheral" economically and symbolically. It is argued that this country-focused macro perspective complements existing ISM scholarship's emphasis on social reproduction at individual and private levels.
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- 2022
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9. Leadership 2030: Renewed Visions and Empowered Choices for European University Leaders
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Olcott, Don, Arnold, Deborah, and Blaschke, Lisa Marie
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This conceptual and descriptive study examines the critical issues, challenges and priorities for European higher education (HE) leaders, drawing upon the theory, practice and experience of leaders inside and outside the open and distance learning (ODL) field. Focussing on the emerging vantage points of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), global trends and the post-pandemic HE landscape, the article discusses their impact on organisational architecture and the emerging leadership roles for driving organisational values, change and sustainability. The authors argue that to maintain institutional stability and agility, leaders must interpret the current zeitgeist to set priorities, build decision-action packages and embrace a new organisational architecture: one characterised by flexible structures, a clear vision of the desired future, a culture of trust and openness, a comprehensive and deep understanding and optimum application of employee skill and talent, and the effective implementation of digital tools and curriculum structures in pedagogically meaningful ways. Leaders must be adaptable, agile and innovative, with the capacity to understand, identify and support the forms of leadership appropriate to their strategic objectives and institutional culture. The paper concludes by targeting critical priorities and actions that leaders must navigate to create innovative and dynamic futures for their institutions.
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- 2023
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10. How Do For-Profit Colleges and Universities Maintain Enrolment Rates to Continue Their Financial Health
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Dos Santos, Luis Miguel
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For-profit, post-secondary institutions significantly increased in numbers within the last two decades. In the United States, many for-profit colleges and universities offer distance-learning-based and self-paced-based academic and vocational programs from certificate to doctoral degree level to non-traditional, returning, evening and adult students who cannot enrol at one of the on-campus, day-time programs for traditionally-aged and full-time students. A large number of for-profit colleges and universities employ different strategies to maintain effective numbers of student enrolment and collect enough budget for financial health. This literature paper explains the overview of for-profit colleges and universities in the United States including donation and income sources, enrolment management, employment management and customer-oriented service with the question of how for-profit colleges and universities can survive in the current, rapidly changing environment containing many different competitors. The literature review also provides a brief section about how nursing programs at the for-profit colleges and universities continue their operation in the current financial and educational environment.
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- 2020
11. Financing Secondary Education in Kenya: Exploring Strategic Management Approach for Improving Quality of Education
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Itegi, Florence M.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of strategic planning in improving the quality of education. The quality of education is directly linked to the effort expended in making arrangements or preparations of educational objectives and determining the requisite resources to facilitate the training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge. Education at secondary sector is of particular importance because it seeks to augment the general intellectual skills acquired at primary level, which are also relevant to any productive occupation including subsequent education. In Kenya, the Decentralized Education Management Activity initiated by the Ministry of Education in 2012 in partnership with USAID embarked on capacity development among education managers at the district and school level to enable them prepare and implement strategic plans. This notwithstanding, education at secondary level continues to experience unique challenges which are more often attributed to deficiencies in planning. Lack of emphasis on careful planning and implementation of plans could have implications for institutions in the current competitive environment. This paper is based on literature search on educational administrators' perceptions of strategic plans, formulation, implementation and their effects on the quality of education. From literature, the vital role of strategic planning in enhancing quality of education is underscored; evidently, some schools have strategic plans in spite of the constraints in their formulation. Strategic planning is viewed as a tool that enables stakeholders to increasingly contribute to the school's strategic objectives which result in long-term sustainability and improvement in quality of education.
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- 2016
12. An Uneven Path: Student Achievement in Boston Public Schools, 2007-2017
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Bellwether Education Partners, O'Keefe, Bonnie, King, Melissa Steel, and Aldeman, Chad
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In the past several decades, Boston has been a proving ground for new strategies such as mayoral control, charter schools, and expanded access to early childhood education. Located in a state known for rigorous standards and accountability, Boston Public Schools (BPS) has consistently ranked among the top-performing large public school districts in the country. At the same time, BPS currently faces significant challenges, including tight budgets, aging facilities, and persistent achievement gaps by race, ethnicity, native language, and special needs status. In this paper, the authors set out to inform the public dialogue about BPS' current performance and future direction. Through analysis of academic data and interviews with a variety of stakeholders in Boston's education community, they explore a set of key questions: How does the current pace of improvement in BPS compare to the district's past performance? Do BPS' trends in student outcomes track above, below, or alongside those of other urban districts? What policies do local stakeholders view as having contributed to or hindered progress on student learning and equity? And based on recent trends and stakeholder input, how might local leaders rethink or revise their efforts? The analysis of BPS performance trends finds that the district has consistently outperformed other large cities participating in the NAEP, across subjects and grade levels. Although it still trails the national average for all schools, BPS demonstrated particularly rapid improvement from 2003 to 2011, especially in eighth-grade math. After 2011, the rate of growth slowed, though Boston still leads other large cities. However, several urban district peers have instituted a variety of reforms in recent years and are closing the gap with Boston. The analysis of performance trends combined with lessons from stakeholder interviewees leads the authors to offer three recommendations for the next BPS leader to consider, as key strategies to accelerate performance in the near future: (1) Articulate a clear, concise theory of action and drive it through implementation; (2) Make tough choices to advance equity; and (3) Double down on areas of strength and bright spots.
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- 2019
13. A Quantitative Optimization Framework for Market-Driven Academic Program Portfolios
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Burgher, Joshua and Hamers, Herbert
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support model for optimizing the composition of portfolios of market-driven academic programs, primarily in schools offering market-driven academic programs. This model seeks to maximize financial performance during a desired planning time period while also achieving targets for other non-financial dimensions of the portfolio (e.g. mission alignment, student demographics and faculty characteristics) by deciding the types of programs to be added, redesigned and/or removed for each year of the planning period. Design/methodology/approach: This paper introduces an integer linear program (i.e. mathematical optimization) to describe the portfolio optimization problem. Integer linear programs are widely used for optimizing portfolios of financial and non-financial products and services in non-educational settings. Additionally, in order to use an integer linear program for the model, qualitative data must be incorporated into the quantitative model. To do so, this paper first discusses two methods of quantifying qualitative information related to market-driven program dimensions in the following section. Findings: The paper provides empirical insights related to the impact of this model through an illustrative case from a school offering market-driven academic programs at a prestigious private university in the USA. The results of the case highlight the potential positive impact of utilizing a similar model for planning purposes. Financially, the model results in almost double financial surplus than without the model while also achieving higher scores for all non-financial dimensions measured for the portfolio analyzed. Originality/value: This paper provides a unique and impactful model for decision support in strategic planning for market-driven academic programs, an area of intense discussion and focus in higher education today.
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- 2020
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14. Integrating Online Learning in Schools: Issues and Ways Forward for Developing Countries
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Owen, Susanne, White, Gerald, Palekahelu, Dharmaputra T., Sumakul, Dian Toar Y. G., and Sekiyono, Eko
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Aim/Purpose: ICT integration into classroom pedagogical practices is considered an essential aspect of learning processes in developed countries but there are issues in developing countries regarding funding, infrastructure, access, and teacher skills and professional learning. This article presents some aspects of the findings of a study in one remote region within a developing country after the implementation of a wide-scale ICT initiative. This study investigates issues for implementing ICT in schools in relation to teacher and school leader attitudes, access and ICT use, and improvements needed in Papua which is one of the most remote regions of Indonesia. The paper frames these issues within the context of successful online learning initiatives in developing countries and foreign aid implementation literature, with these aspects being under-researched, especially in significantly remote developing country locations. Background: Developing countries like Indonesia have progressively introduced online learning into school management and classrooms within government planning frameworks and with initial support from foreign aid providers. While there is research available regarding ICT implementation in more urbanized contexts within developing countries, there is a gap in terms of large-scale research which is focused on more remote regions and is supported by foreign aid. Methodology: Mixed methods including surveys and interviews were used to investigate research questions concerning teachers' and principals' attitudes, ICT access and use, and perceptions about improvements needed. SPSS software was used for surveys and descriptive analysis, and interviews were analysed through manual coding processes. Contribution: ICT access and e-learning in schools are increasingly becoming relevant in developing country contexts, and this research paper is a preliminary large-scale study that makes a contribution through highlighting issues experienced in more remote locations. This includes specific internet and power issues and transport inaccessibility problems, which highlight the need for locally-based and ongoing coaching of teachers within schools and regions. The paper also draws on the literature about online learning in developing countries and foreign aid towards some possible success directions in isolated contexts, an under-researched area. The importance of education systems establishing ICT skills levels for students integrated across subjects, for well-coordinated planning involving partnerships with hardware and internet providers, as well as the need for school leaders being trained in establishing teacher peer support groups for ongoing coaching, are learnings for Papua and other remote locations from the comparative developing countries literature Findings: The findings highlight teachers' and school leaders' positive attitudes to ICT in education, although the results indicate that ICT was frequently applied for administrative purposes rather than for teaching and learning. Principals and teachers highlighted some improvements that were needed including systematic training in computer skills and professional learning about the integration of ICT with teaching and learning, especially in relation to pedagogical practices, as well as the need for improved infrastructure and equipment. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study highlights issues and potential success factors as evident in remote regions of developing countries that have achieved recognition for wide-scale ICT implementation in schools. This includes issues in relation to policy makers and education authorities working with foreign aid funders. Of significant importance is the need for coordinated and collaborative strategic planning including in relation to sustained professional learning towards student-oriented ICT pedagogies and skilling principals to establish a positive culture and teacher peer coaching. Particularly relevant to developing countries in remote locations is the importance of additionally addressing specific infrastructure and maintenance issues. Recommendations for Researchers: Regarding ICT and its use for student learning, more research is needed in developing countries and, in particular, in more remote locations where specific issues, differing from those encountered in capital cities, may be evident for teachers and principals. Impact on Society: Teachers and principals in remote locations of Indonesia such as Papua have generally positive attitudes about the benefits of online learning but need greater ICT access for students in the classroom and also professional development regarding pedagogical practices to support students in learning effectively through online processes. Future Research: Updated and more detailed comparative research with other developing countries, especially those with remote locations, would be beneficial to more comprehensively identify Papua's current stage of development and to design appropriate future interventions.
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- 2020
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15. Decentralising Vocational Education and Setting up Centres of Vocational Excellence and Innovation: The Case of Ukraine
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy), Arribas, J. Manuel Galvin, Avagyan, Aram, and Lisogor, Laryssa
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This report is another milestone of the European Training Foundation's (ETF) project 'Decentralising vocational education and training (VET) in Ukraine: Momentum for action', launched in 2016 in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) of Ukraine. This project identified several priority areas for steering systemic reforms in the country's VET policies: (1) good multilevel governance (institutional, communication and financial aspects); (2) optimisation and rationalisation of VET school networks; (3) VET school autonomy and accountability; and (4) public-private partnerships (PPPs) for VET and skills development. The exploration of a possible role and function for the regional VET councils in Ukraine was a further step towards tackling these issues from the logic of decentralisation of VET policies (ETF/Galvin Arribas et al., 2018). Following this exercise, the ETF and the MoES agreed to focus on improving the effectiveness of regional VET networks, working together to set up centres of vocational excellence and innovation (CoVEs) in Ukraine. The paper is the result of a combination of desk research, a wide consultation process, particularly through meetings and group discussions with the key stakeholders organised in five regions of the country and the city of Kyiv, and mapping of the Ukrainian regions. It proposes options for the establishment and operationalisation of CoVEs. It also identifies possible challenges and the measures that could be taken to overcome them. Chapter 1 explains the methodology that supports this report. Chapter 2 covers the main national and regional socioeconomic indicators that inform the current structural conditions for the reform of VET networks. Chapter 3 introduces the main elements to be taken into consideration when setting up CoVEs, including a broad typology of possible forms that CoVEs can take in Ukraine (and perhaps elsewhere). Chapter 4 introduces the main conclusions and policy messages, and the annexes present international practices relating to CoVEs that might inform decisions taken in Ukraine. The report aims to inspire other ETF partner countries that might decide to set up CoVEs. [For "Decentralising Vocational Education and Training in Ukraine: Momentum for Action. A Green Paper to Lead Discussions on Reforms and Capacities Needed for an Attractive High-Quality VET System in Ukraine," see ED610883.]
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- 2020
16. Innovations in Nigerian Universities: Perspectives of an Insider from a 'Fourth Generation' University
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Etuk, Grace Koko
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This paper elaborates on innovations which have been effected in universities in Nigeria, using a somewhat young university as a paradigm. The innovations discussed include private ownership of universities, innovative funding strategies and innovative quality assurance practices. These include innovative planning (strategic planning); innovative programme contents; innovations in human and material resources development; innovative admission procedures; innovative carrying-capacity regulations; and innovative programme appraisal procedures and standards. The paper concludes by maintaining that innovation augurs well by improving programme standards and quality of products.
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- 2015
17. A Study Linking Title 1 Strategic Resource Allocation to Student Academic Success in South Carolina Public Schools
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Coe, Brenton Jerrod
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Strategic instructional resourcing has become an important topic in public education, the most lucrative and expensive business in the United States. It is estimated which the United States spends about $612.7 billion annually on public education. This study will analyze and synthesize data from Title I schools in South Carolina, specifically in the area of resource allocation and its relationship to student academic success. Historically, public education has provided all citizens with an equal and equitable opportunity to receive an adequate education. Over time, access to strong public education can impact the lives of students with regard to social mobility. Instructional leadership is a term which appeared during the 1970s through the research conducted by Ronald Edmonds. In his publications Edmonds found which school leaders who focused on learning in their actions and conversations throughout the school year had a deeper impact on student learning. This was a significant discovery because school leaders during this time focused more on inspiring students and stakeholders to work together towards a common goal. These leaders had qualities of what is referred to as being a "transformational leader", which meant a leader devoted to reflecting on student data and what/how teachers teach. Prior to this point, teachers were regarded as the experts and the reason why students learned or did not learn. After this research was published, school leaders were determined to have the biggest impact on student learning. School leaders who were most effective had a strong focus on areas including: collective efficacy, evidence, implementation, learning, student engagement, and instructional strategies. This research study is designed to examine how Title I high schools in the state of South Carolina are resourcing their Title I funds. Studies have shown which schools which practice effective and efficient specific instructional resourcing improve their students' academic success. This paper will also explore what steps schools execute before making strategic instructional resourcing decisions. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2022
18. Innovational Approach to Diversification of Activities of a Modern University on the Basis of Remote Education
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Bezrukova, Tatiana, Igolkin, Ivan, Salikov, Yuri, Irina, Irina, and Akhmedov, Akhm
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Purpose: The working hypothesis of the paper is that modern universities are peculiar for low sustainability to the changes of external environment due to low effectiveness of applied approaches to the diversification of their activities. The purpose of this paper is to verify the offered hypothesis by the example of modern Russia and develop an innovational approach to the diversification of modern university's activities on the basis of remote education, which has to expand the possibilities of modern universities in the sphere of diversification of their activities. Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on the hypothetical and deductive principles with application of the method of trend analysis, which allows studying dynamics of the number of universities in modern Russia; method of classification, which allows distinguishing the main approaches to the diversification of modern university's activities; method of comparative analysis, which allows comparing these approaches and determining their advantages and drawbacks; method of statistical analysis, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of these approaches; method of analysis of causal connections, which allows determining the logic of this innovational approach to the diversification of modern university's activities and determining its advantages as compared to existing approaches; method of modeling the state and development of socio-economic systems. The information and evidential basis of the research are statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. The research covers the time interval of 2005/2006-2016/2017. Findings: It is substantiated that remote education opens additional possibilities in the sphere of diversification of modern university's activities. The developed and presented innovational approach to the diversification of modern university's activities on the basis of remote education is peculiar for higher effectiveness -- as compared to the existing approaches -- due to such advantages of remote education as minimum expenditures of labor and financial resources, potential large volume of market and obtaining advantages from "scale effect." Originality/value: The unique peculiarity and originality of the offered approach consist in the fact that remote education, which is a direction of diversification of university's activities, is not an alternative but addition to the main educational services that are provided in the traditional form. Due to this, university enters a new market segment and strengthens its positions in the current market segment, which doubles its effect by increasing the sustainability of market positions of university.
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- 2019
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19. 'Make Money, Get Money': How Two Autonomous Schools Have Commercialised Their Services
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Holloway, Jessica and Keddie, Amanda
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Using the stories of two autonomous public schools in Australia, this paper demonstrates how commercialisation can simultaneously position schools as both consumer and for-profit producer. Drawing on Foucault's articulation of discourse as that which constitutes and makes available what is possible to be said, done and imagined, the paper illustrates how the current marketised articulation of education is allowing for new possibilities of commercialisation in schools. Together these stories demonstrate that there are creative ways that these schools have embraced their autonomy, while relying on market solutions to acquire the resources they deem necessary for their students and their communities. However, it also shows how these resources and the attainment for them are inextricably constituted by the market orientation of education more broadly and how this presents potential dangers for what schools may be and become as a result.
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- 2019
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20. Focus on Results: How a Greater Focus on Outcomes Could Contribute to England's Learning and Skills Systems
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Learning and Work Institute (United Kingdom) and Evans, Stephen
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The Skills for Jobs White Paper and funding and accountability consultation set out the Government's plans to introduce a greater focus on the outcomes of learning, including a new Skills Measure that looks at the employment and other outcomes that learners achieve. Will this give colleges and providers greater freedom to deliver for learners, or create an added burden of measurement? How do we reflect different economic and social circumstances across the country and avoid unintended consequences? What are the right outcomes to focus on given the many economic and social benefits of learning? Our new report, supported by Association of Colleges, looks at how other countries have embedded a focus on outcomes in further education and draws out potential lessons for England. It argues we should consider both social and economic outcomes, going hand-in-hand with greater simplification and flexibility in longer-term and increased funding.
- Published
- 2021
21. Charting Ahead: Navigating Threats and Challenges to the Urban-Serving Research University Mission
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Zerquera, Desiree D. and Doran, Erin E.
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The higher education context that our CUMU institutions must navigate is complex and begets challenges resulting from the distinct mission our institutions seek to uphold. The implications of these challenges give rise to impacts on everyone within the institution and consequently our constituents within the cities we seek to serve. Bringing together literature, emerging research, and points from discussions at the 2016 CUMU conference, this paper analyzes challenges and their implications and highlights the strategies being employed to navigate them. We consider the tensions inherent in the urban-serving university's identity, the cost of serving urban regions, and the state structures that provide funding. All of these tensions have implications for commitment to mission, access for historically marginalized students, and the experiences of faculty within the institution. We also discuss strategic initiatives and efforts that reflect collaboration, strategic alignment, and innovation. This work is of value for those working within urban-serving universities, those who work to uphold their mission in higher education, and policy makers that shape the context of these institutions' work.
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- 2017
22. Strategic Management in Universities as a Factor of Their Global Competitiveness
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Parakhina, Valentina, Godina, Olga, Boris, Olga, and Ushvitsky, Lev
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Purpose: Modernization of Russian higher education is carried out with the purpose of its successful integration into the global educational environment. However, the contemporary management model of most Russian universities demonstrates a low efficiency level. The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems of organizing the universities' strategic development and to seek the opportunities to achieve strategic competitiveness of Russian universities. Design/methodology/approach: The basic research methods included the following: content analysis, expert evaluations, analysis of the modern concepts of universities strategic management, comparative analysis of high school practice of strategy development, and government regulations in historical perspective. Findings: The major result of the study is the conclusion that the most important problem of the competitiveness of Russian universities is the lack of strategic flexibility. We can say that there is a structural nature of the management crisis affecting the whole system of university education. Over the past 25 years, there has been a radical change in the basic institutional conditions for the development of higher education institutions in Russia: the volumes and changed model of financing; the market landscape and the regional environment; the conditions and the nature of the interaction with international partners, etc. At the same time, in most cases, the platform of this system and standards of internal policy have remained unchanged. Russian education practically lost its individuality. This paper shows the experience of strategic management at leading federal and regional universities of Russia, analyzes the implementation of their development programs, and gives examples of best practices in the use of strategic planning tools. Originality/value: The relevance and value of the paper is the following: for the first time, thorough attention has been paid to the accumulated potential of Russian universities, which has been formed over a long evolutionary path and now can be positioned as an important management resource in the organization of strategic management for enhancing the global competitiveness of the national system of higher education.
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- 2017
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23. Algeria: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
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This paper provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Algeria. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
24. The Third Sector and Innovation: Competitive Strategies, Incentives, and Impediments to Change
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Lubienski, Christopher and Perry, Laura
- Abstract
Purpose: Much justification for third sector involvement in education advances from the notion that attributes from business and non-profit fields could benefit state-run public schools. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue by examining theoretical underpinnings and expectations for third sector participation in public education systems, particularly with respect to educational innovations and improvements, and the structural opportunities, incentives, and impediments for such innovation. Design/methodology/approach: The question is how third sector participation shapes the rate, nature, and types of innovations in education as schools interact in response to competitive pressures. This conceptual analysis of the third sector examines the political-economic features and structures of the sector in fostering innovation, with reference to the US sector that was specifically positioned to enhance the innovative capacity of publicly funded education. Findings: The analysis indicates that educational innovations are not necessarily more prevalent in or because of the third sector, and that there are obstacles to their creation and diffusion. Moreover, schools often respond to competitive incentives in ways unanticipated by policymakers, such as school marketing rather than instructional improvement, sometimes in ways detrimental to goals set out for public education, such as social sorting. In fact, instead of the third sector simply developing or incentivizing innovations, there is evidence that this sector has adopted innovations developed in the state sector. Originality/value: The analysis suggests that a third sector based more on a professional, as opposed to a competitive, model may better facilitate the development of innovative capacity in education.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Exploring a Resource Dependency Perspective as an Organizational Strategy for Building Resource Capacity
- Author
-
Powell, Kimberly K. and Rey, Melanie Powell
- Abstract
Declining state revenue, increased expenditures and rising costs at public universities are critical issues that are further heightened by the current economic environment. In an effort to address the challenges associated with reduced revenue and rising costs, this theoretical paper will explore how public institutions can leverage the resource dependency theory framework for strategy formulation and increased resource capacity. The organization of the paper begins with an introduction that sets forth the topic parameters and rationale of the paper. This is followed by a literature review that provides an overview of pertinent fiscal issues and strategies that were designed to mitigate these issues in public higher education. The authors then introduce the resource dependency theory and its linkage to public higher education based upon an understanding of the institution's interdependence with the external environment. Based upon the resource dependency theory, the authors discuss strategies that can garner greater resources and serve as a guide for university administrators and leaders during strategic planning efforts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Algeria: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2017
- Author
-
European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Algeria. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2018
27. Exploring Public Universities as Social Enterprises
- Author
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Miles, Morgan P., Verreynne, Martie-Louise, McAuley, Andrew, and Hammond, Kevin
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how universities attempt to balance meeting their traditional mission of education, research and community engagement while remaining economically sustainable. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was conducted in 2014 of university executives and found that universities in Australia are rapidly transitioning from public supported institutions to an organizational form much more like social enterprise, with all of the organizational, marketing and ethical ramifications. Findings: Australian universities were found to be focused on maintaining financial viability and that the most significant source of future revenue for Australian universities is perceived to be from international students. Originality/Value: The findings have tremendous public policy and ethical implications--suggesting a shift in the classification of university education from what was generally considered a public good to what is increasingly perceived as a private good in the contemporary market place, with the increasing importance of international students.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Jordan: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Jordan. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
29. Ukraine: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Ukraine. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
30. Palestine: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Palestine. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
31. Israel: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Israel. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
32. Georgia: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
-
European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Georgia. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
33. Egypt: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
-
European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Egypt. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
34. Azerbaijan: Education, Training and Employment Developments 2016
- Author
-
European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy)
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Azerbaijan. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy, and institutional setting.
- Published
- 2017
35. A Multi-Objective Method to Align Human Resource Allocation with University Strategy
- Author
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Bouillard, Philippe
- Abstract
Universities are currently under considerable pressure to reach their stakeholders' expectations. Management tools that use strategic plans, key performance indicators and quality assurance methods are increasingly deployed. This paper aims to demonstrate how resource allocation can be aligned with institutional strategic plans with a very simple multi-objective optimisation method. The method has been tested and successfully implemented at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. It has been designed for a certain specific context (public university with human resources managed at the institutional level) but could be easily adapted for other contexts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Examining the Influence of Texas' Strategic Plan for Increasing University Research: Loose Coupling and Research Production at Regional Public Universities.
- Author
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Fernandez, Frank, Fu, Yuan Chih, Hu, Xiaodan, and Moradel Vásquez, Juan José
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC universities & colleges , *UNIVERSITY research , *STRATEGIC planning , *ECONOMIC competition , *EDUCATIONAL finance , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) - Abstract
States have adopted a variety of policies to encourage universities to expand research production, with the hope of supporting economic growth and competitiveness. This paper considers whether a state-level initiative succeeded in influencing university-based research outputs among regional public universities. We test whether the Texas Research Incentive Program increased research production at a set of state universities as measured by total research spending, federally-funded research spending, the number of scholarly publications, and the share of publications published in high impact factor journals. Using a novel dataset and difference-in-differences analytic strategy, we found that TRIP adoption was associated with a 19%-25% increase in research expenditures at emerging research universities in Texas relative to a matched set of comparable universities. However, TRIP did not influence federally-funded research expenditures or journal publication outputs. We also show that federally-funded research expenditures influence publication outputs — both in amount and quality — and that number of full-time faculty influences both federal research expenditures and publication outputs. We discuss contributions to the literature on regional public universities, loose coupling, and research production, as well as implications for policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Innovative higher education learning outcomes and financing trends in Israel.
- Author
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Zilkha, Gury
- Subjects
- *
OUTCOME-based education , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *COLLEGE students , *EDUCATIONAL finance , *UNIVERSITY & college admission , *EDUCATION , *YOUNG adults , *HIGHER education - Abstract
Many changes in Israeli higher education have occurred during the last two decades as the country evolved from having less than 20 higher education institutions to having more than 65 institutions. The number of students has risen from about 100,000 to more than 250,000. From a semi-monolithic system that consisted mainly of research universities, the Israeli higher education system developed into a two-tier system. In spite of these dramatic changes, still more than half of the relevant age group cannot pass the academic requirements for admission to higher education. A vibrant academic system should cope with social and economic changes alongside academic issues. This paper analyses the current higher education system in Israel and its historical background. It analyses the main factors that brought structural changes in recent years and outlines the weaknesses of the current system. Finally, it contextualizes the existing educational funding formula and focuses on various socioeconomic indicators that may be combined into a new funding model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Education Finance and Technology: Looking Ahead to 2025.
- Author
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Lentz, Matthew
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL finance ,SCHOOL districts ,EDUCATIONAL technology ,STRATEGIC planning ,CHIEF financial officers - Published
- 2024
39. Dynamic capabilities and governance: An empirical investigation of financial performance of the higher education sector.
- Author
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Heaton, Sohvi, Teece, David, and Agronin, Eugene
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL finance ,UNIVERSITY & college administration ,RESOURCE allocation ,STRATEGIC planning ,HIGHER education administration - Abstract
Research Summary: We postulate that resource allocation decisions consistent with dynamic capabilities can improve financial performance, but that governance moderates the relationship between resource allocation flexibility and financial performance. Using more than a decade of data on US public universities, we find that flexibility has much more impact when matched by lower levels of governance that allow greater expenditure autonomy for university executives and administrators. Managerial Summary: Organizations are increasingly subject to conflicting demands imposed by their institutional environments. Given the importance of governance arrangements, we apply strategic management concepts to public universities and investigate the effect of external governance arrangements on university performance. We show that universities that reallocate resources more regularly are more likely to run larger budget surpluses. This is far more likely to be true at universities where external governance arrangements allow greater executive discretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Integrating online learning in schools: issues and ways forward for developing countries
- Author
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Susanne M Owen, Gerald White, Dharmaputra Taludangga Palekahelu, Dian T Sumakul, Eko Sediyono, Owen, Susanne, White, Gerald, Palekahelu, Dharmaputra T, Sumakul, Dian Toar YG, and Sekiyono, Eko
- Subjects
Strategic planning ,education ,Papua ,General Computer Science ,Geographic isolation ,business.industry ,Online learning ,remote schools ,Professional development ,online learning ,Developing country ,Public relations ,Education ,Educational finance ,computers ,Technology integration ,The Internet ,business - Abstract
Aim/Purpose: ICT integration into classroom pedagogical practices is considered an essential aspect of learning processes in developed countries but there are issues in developing countries regarding funding, infrastructure, access, and teacher skills and professional learning. This article presents some aspects of the findings of a study in one remote region within a developing country after the implementation of a widescale ICT initiative. This study investigates issues for implementing ICT in schools in relation to teacher and school leader attitudes, access and ICT use, and improvements needed in Papua which is one of the most remote regions of Indonesia. The paper frames these issues within the context of successful online learning initiatives in developing countries and foreign aid implementation literature, with these aspects being under-researched, especially in significantly remote developing country locations. Background: Developing countries like Indonesia have progressively introduced online learning into school management and classrooms within government planning frameworks and with initial support from foreign aid providers. While there is research available regarding ICT implementation in more urbanized contexts within developing countries, there is a gap in terms of large-scale research which is focused on more remote regions and is supported by foreign aid. Methodology: Mixed methods including surveys and interviews were used to investigate research questions concerning teachers’ and principals’ attitudes, ICT access and use, and perceptions about improvements needed. SPSS software was used for surveys and descriptive analysis, and interviews were analysed through manual coding processes. Contribution: ICT access and e-learning in schools are increasingly becoming relevant in developing country contexts, and this research paper is a preliminary large-scale study that makes a contribution through highlighting issues experienced in more remote locations. This includes specific internet and power issues and transport inaccessibility problems, which highlight the need for locally-based and ongoing coaching of teachers within schools and regions. The paper also draws on the literature about online learning in developing countries and foreign aid towards some possible success directions in isolated contexts, an under-researched area. The importance of education systems establishing ICT skills levels for students integrated across subjects, for well-coordinated planning involving partnerships with hardware and internet providers, as well as the need for school leaders being trained in establishing teacher peer support groups for ongoing coaching, are learnings for Papua and other remote locations from the comparative developing countries literature Findings: The findings highlight teachers’ and school leaders’ positive attitudes to ICT in education, although the results indicate that ICT was frequently applied for administrative purposes rather than for teaching and learning. Principals and teachers highlighted some improvements that were needed including systematic training in computer skills and professional learning about the integration of ICT with teaching and learning, especially in relation to pedagogical practices, as well as the need for improved infrastructure and equipment. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study highlights issues and potential success factors as evident in remote regions of developing countries that have achieved recognition for widescale ICT implementation in schools. This includes issues in relation to policy makers and education authorities working with foreign aid funders. Of significant importance is the need for coordinated and collaborative strategic planning including in relation to sustained professional learning towards student-oriented ICT pedagogies and skilling principals to establish a positive culture and teacher peer coaching. Particularly relevant to developing countries in remote locations is the importance of additionally addressing specific infrastructure and maintenance issues. Recommendation for Researchers: Regarding ICT and its use for student learning, more research is needed in developing countries and, in particular, in more remote locations where specific issues, differing from those encountered in capital cities, may be evident for teachers and principals. Impact on Society: Teachers and principals in remote locations of Indonesia such as Papua have generally positive attitudes about the benefits of online learning but need greater ICT access for students in the classroom and also professional development regarding pedagogical practices to support students in learning effectively through online processes. Future Research: Updated and more detailed comparative research with other developing countries, especially those with remote locations, would be beneficial to more comprehensively identify Papua’s current stage of development and to design appropriate future interventions.
- Published
- 2020
41. ‘Make money, get money’ : How two autonomous schools have commercialised their services
- Author
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Jessica Holloway and Amanda Keddie
- Subjects
Strategic planning ,Linguistics and Language ,privatisation ,marketisation ,05 social sciences ,commercialisation ,0507 social and economic geography ,050301 education ,Commercialization ,Education ,Educational finance ,School administration ,Educational resources ,Position (finance) ,Social media ,Sociology ,Marketing ,050703 geography ,0503 education ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,autonomous schools - Abstract
Using the stories of two autonomous public schools in Australia, this paper demonstrates how commercialisation can simultaneously position schools as both consumer and for-profit producer. Drawing on Foucault's articulation of discourse as that which constitutes and makes available what is possible to be said, done and imagined, the paper illustrates how the current marketised articulation of education is allowing for new possibilities of commercialisation in schools. Together these stories demonstrate that there are creative ways that these schools have embraced their autonomy, while relying on market solutions to acquire the resources they deem necessary for their students and their communities. However, it also shows how these resources and the attainment for them are inextricably constituted by the market orientation of education more broadly and how this presents potential dangers for what schools may be and become as a result.
- Published
- 2019
42. Innovations in Nigerian Universities: Perspectives of An Insider from A 'Fourth Generation' University
- Author
-
Grace Koko Etuk
- Subjects
Strategic planning ,Economic growth ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public relations ,Academic standards ,Education ,Insider ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Educational finance ,Material resources ,Fourth generation ,Quality (business) ,Business ,Quality assurance ,media_common - Abstract
This paper elaborates on innovations which have been effected in universities in Nigeria, using a somewhat young university as a paradigm. The innovations discussed include private ownership of universities, innovative funding strategies and innovative quality assurance practices. These include innovative planning (strategic planning); innovative programme contents; innovations in human and material resources development; innovative admission procedures; innovative carrying-capacity regulations; and innovative programme appraisal procedures and standards. The paper concludes by maintaining that innovation augurs well by improving programme standards and quality of products.
- Published
- 2015
43. The Budget and the industrial strategy.
- Subjects
EDUCATION & economics ,EDUCATIONAL finance ,STRATEGIC planning ,BRITISH education system ,EDUCATION policy - Published
- 2017
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