21 results
Search Results
2. Motivation of Students for English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Current Research Foci in Different Countries
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Vonkova, Hana and Moore, Angie
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Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and English as a medium of instruction (EMI) are emerging as the preferred contexts of language learning. CLIL and EMI classes continue to proliferate in schools around the globe. The aim of this paper is to investigate the current research trends in studies of motivation to learn within EMI and CLIL settings. We sought to identify the current countries of research, educational levels, and themes that prevail in EMI and CLIL motivation research. We performed a topic search of the keywords "CLIL" or "EMI" and the keyword "motivation" in the "Web of Science" database for Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles published in 2020. We analyzed 17 articles related to motivation within EMI or CLIL contexts. The results showed that European countries produced the most research, with Spain being the most prolific. A majority of the studies took place at the secondary and tertiary levels of education. Comparative studies of CLIL or EMI contexts with that of traditional classrooms emerged as the prevailing theme. Future research could include more studies regarding the impact of CLIL on students at the primary level of education, in addition to studies of students from varied socio-economic backgrounds. [For the complete Volume 19 proceedings, see ED613922.]
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- 2021
3. Entrepreneurial Decisions and Problem-Solving: A Discussion for a New Perspective Based on Complex Thinking
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Patricia Esther Alonso-Galicia, Adriana Medina-Vidal, and Simona Grande
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This work addresses the importance of innovation in entrepreneurial and business education to ensure that students develop the ability to make complex decisions and solve complex challenges. The intention was to incorporate the complexity theory in decision-making and problem-solving in business and entrepreneurship. To achieve this, we present the results of the first phase of our project, aiming to scale the levels of complex thinking in university students, discuss the need for business and entrepreneurship students to develop complex thinking competency (including its sub-competencies of critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking) in the complexity of the business environment, analyze the relevance of system elements, apply their inductive and deductive reasoning, and create appropriate and relevant solutions. Our findings suggest that an educational model focused on developing complex thinking and its four sub-competencies can enable entrepreneurs to integrate sustainable development, increase their social engagement and critical thinking, develop their imaginative intelligence and discursive and reflective skills, and thus improve their decision-making and problem-solving processes. In the future, we plan to extend this analysis to the behavior of real-life entrepreneurs. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
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- 2023
4. Citizenship Education in the Information Age and Educational Reform in Latin America
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Vasquez-Martinez, Claudio-Rafael, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Felipe, Flores, Francisco, Cardona-T., Jose-Gerardo, Mendez, María-Eugenia, Valdez-Jiménez, Liliana, Espino, Piero, Olaguez, Eugenia, Rendon, Hector, Chavoya, Jorge, Zúñiga, Luz-María, Fonseca-Ramirez, Oscar-Hernan, Alvarez, Maria-Ines, Torres-Mata, Joaquin, Betancourt-Nuñez, Erik-Moises, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sergio-Esteban, Alvarez-Gomez, Miguel, Cabral-Araiza, Jesus, and Anguiano, Carlos
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The intention of the present paper is to show that people have a series of educational needs in the era of information, so that they can become competent digital citizens. These educational needs are evident in the policies promoted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, which were well known to Latin American governments of the decades from the 1960s to the 1990s. Therefore, it is to be hoped that the educational reforms of 1990s have elements based on the principles of education that they advanced, which emphasises the preparation of subjects in the digital era, based on advances in information and communication technology, focusing on the teaching and learning of computer science. [For the complete Volume 17 proceedings, see ED596826.]
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- 2019
5. Current equilibrium exchange rate: methodology and estimations for Latin American countries.
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BRESSER-PEREIRA, LUIZ CARLOS, MARCONI, NELSON, PORTO, TIAGO, ARAUJO, ELIANE, and LEAO, RAFAEL
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INTEREST rates , *BALANCE of payments , *DEPRECIATION , *REPAIR & maintenance services , *PER capita , *FOREIGN exchange rates , *TERMS of trade , *EQUILIBRIUM , *COUNTRIES - Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology for the estimation of the current account equilibrium exchange rate - the exchange rate that guarantees the intertemporal current account equilibrium for a country. Moreover, the methodology is tested throughout appropriate econometric technics (VECM Models) for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia, using quarterly data from around 2000 (according to data availability for each country) to 2020. The model includes both long-term structural variables such as terms of trade, goods and service trade as percentage of GDP and GDP per capita as well short term policy variables such as interest rate differential and EMBI plus. Apart from proposing an innovative methodology for estimating the current account equilibrium exchange rate, the paper brings important insights in terms of chronicle and cyclical appreciation (depreciation) of the exchange rate in LA countries. In addition, it shows high correlation between the exchange rate negative (positive) misalignments and the current account deficits (surpluses) in the countries analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead.
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Marin, Gustavo H., Giangreco, Lucia, Dorati, Cristian, Mordujovich, Perla, Boni, Silvia, Mantilla-Ponte, Hilda, Alfonso Arvez, Ma. José, López Peña, Mónica, Aldunate González, Ma. Francisca, Ching Fung, Shing Mi, Barcelona, Laura, Campaña, Laura, Vaquero Orellana, Alejandra, Orjuela Rodríguez, Tatiana, Ginés Cantero, Larissa, Villar, Rosa A., Sandoval Fuentes, Nicole, Melero, Emiliano, Marin-Piva, Hugo, and Soler, Gisela
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RESEARCH methodology ,ANTI-infective agents - Abstract
Background: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. Objective: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. Methods: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. Results: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like "Reserve," there are similarities among all countries. Conclusion and Relevance: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Sensorimotor Distractions When Learning with Mobile Phones On-the-Move
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Castellano, Soledad and Arnedillo-Sánchez, Inmaculada
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This paper presents a discussion on potential conflicts originated by sensorimotor distractions when learning with mobile phones on-the-move. While research in mobile learning points to the possibility of everywhere, all the time learning; research in the area suggests that tasks performed while on-the-move predominantly require low cognitive processing. This work uses Bloom's taxonomy to identify low and high order thinking activities associated to the functionalities of a mobile phone. It also provides preliminary results from a survey identifying correlations between high and low cognitive processing tasks and locations involving users' sensorimotor engagement. [For the full proceedings, see ED571335.]
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- 2016
8. Using Ordered Weighted Average for Weighted Averages Inflation.
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Espinoza-Audelo, Luis F., León-Castro, Ernesto, Olazabal-Lugo, Marycruz, Merigó, José M., and Gil-Lafuente, Anna M.
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AGGREGATION operators ,STATISTICAL weighting ,ARITHMETIC mean ,DECISION making - Abstract
This paper presents the ordered weighted average weighted average inflation (OWAWAI) and some extensions using induced and heavy aggregation operators and presents the generalized operators and some of their families. The main advantage of these new formulations is that they can use two different sets of weighting vectors and generate new scenarios based on the reordering of the arguments with the weights. With this idea, it is possible to generate new approaches that under- or overestimate the results according to the knowledge and expertise of the decision-maker. The work presents an application of these new approaches in the analysis of the inflation in Chile, Colombia, and Argentina during 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. Higher Education Reforms: Latin America in Comparative Perspective
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Bernasconi, Andrés and Celis, Sergio
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This article introduces a special issue of EPAA/AAPE devoted to recent higher education reforms in Latin America. The last two decades have seen much policy development in higher education in the region, examined and discussed by scholars in each country, but dialog with the international literature on higher education reform, or an explicit comparative focus, have been mostly absent from these works. By way of presentation of the papers included in this issue, we first provide an overview of major policy changes in higher education in the Latin American region since the 1990s. We then turn to the six works in this special issue to describe the theories and methods supporting them. Next, we illustrate how general analytic categories can be derived from single or multi country case studies to illuminate themes capable of cutting across the particulars of national contexts, with their unique traditions, policy paths, and politics. Our three common threads are, first, the types of drivers for reform, that is, how policy change originates, either bottom-up from the institutions, or top-down from the government, and various possibilities in between. Second, understanding challenges to institutional autonomy in a continuum of intensity of state intended intervention in higher education. Third, explaining different levels of strain between public and private sectors in higher education based on conditions of competition for economic resources. While the papers in this special issue do not cover all countries, nor all issues on which policy has been crafted in the last two decades across the region, the collection of articles herein account for topics of enduring importance: faculty work in Ecuador, financial aid in Colombia, public policy decentralization in Argentina, quality assurance models in Colombia and Uruguay, the emerge of new institutions and universities in Argentina and Uruguay, and social justice, access, and inclusion in higher education, in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. The articles presented in this special issue provide much insight onto higher education policy in Latin America and, additionally, offer ample opportunity to develop social science knowledge on the basis of strong comparative work.
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- 2017
10. Lessons learnt from the process of designing care coordination interventions through participatory action research in public healthcare networks of six Latin American countries.
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Vargas, Ingrid, Mogollón-Pérez, Amparo-Susana, Eguiguren, Pamela, Samico, Isabella, Bertolotto, Fernando, López-Vázquez, Julieta, Amarilla, Delia-Inés, De Paepe, Pierre, Vázquez, María-Luisa, for Equity-LA II, Puzzolo, Julia, Colautti, Marisel, Aronna, Alicia, Luppi, Irene, Muruaga, Cecilia, Leone, Francisco, Rovere, Mario, Huerta, Adriana, Alonso, Claudio, and Hoet, Héctor
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COMMUNITY-based participatory research ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,MEDICAL personnel ,SECONDARY care (Medicine) ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background: The participation of health professionals in designing interventions is considered vital to effective implementation, yet in areas such as clinical coordination is rarely promoted and evaluated. This study, part of Equity-LA II, aims to analyse the design process of interventions to improve clinical coordination, taking a participatory-action-research (PAR) approach, in healthcare networks of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. This participatory process was planned in four phases, led by a local steering committee (LSC): (1) dissemination of problem analysis results and creation of professionals' platform, (2) selection of problems and intervention (3) intervention design and planning (4) adjustments after evaluation of first implementation stage. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study based on documentary analysis, using a topic guide, was conducted in each intervention network. Documents produced regarding the intervention design process were selected. Thematic content analysis was conducted, generating mixed categories taken from the topic guide and identified from data. Main categories were LSC characteristics, type of design process (phases, participants' roles, methods) and associated difficulties, coordination problems and interventions selected. Results: LSCs of similar composition (managers, professionals and researchers) were established, with increasing membership in Chile and high turnover in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Following results dissemination and selection of problems and interventions (more participatory in Chile and Colombia: 200–479 participants), the interventions were designed and planned, resulting in three different types of processes: (1) short initial design with adjustments after first implementation stage, in Colombia, Brazil and Mexico; (2) longer, more participatory process, with multiple cycles of action/reflection and pilot tests, in Chile; (3) open-ended design for ongoing adaptation, in Argentina and Uruguay. Professionals' time and the political cycle were the main barriers to participation. The clinical coordination problem selected was limited communication between primary and secondary care doctors. To address it, through discussions guided by context and feasibility criteria, interventions based on mutual feedback were selected. Conclusions: As expected in a flexible PAR process, its rollout differed across countries in participation and PAR cycles. Results show that PAR can help to design interventions adapted to context and offers lessons that can be applied in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. ICH Guideline for Biopharmaceutics Classification System-Based Biowaiver (M9): Toward Harmonization in Latin American Countries.
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Miranda, Claudia, Aceituno, Alexis, Fernández, Mirna, Mendes, Gustavo, Rodríguez, Yanina, Llauró, Verónica, Cabrera-Pérez, Miguel Ángel, and Conway, Barbara R.
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BIOPHARMACEUTICS ,THERAPEUTIC equivalency in drugs ,CLASSIFICATION ,NEW product development ,EMERGING markets ,QUALITY standards - Abstract
The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) is a very important tool to replace the traditional in vivo bioequivalence studies with in vitro dissolution assays during multisource product development. This paper compares the most recent harmonized guideline for biowaivers based on the biopharmaceutics classification system and the BCS regulatory guidelines in Latin America and analyzes the current BCS regulatory requirements and the perspective of the harmonization in the region to develop safe and effective multisource products. Differences and similarities between the official and publicly available BCS guidelines of several Latin American regulatory authorities and the new ICH harmonization guideline were identified and compared. Only Chile, Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina have a more comprehensive BCS guideline, which includes solubility, permeability, and dissolution requirements. Although their regulatory documents have many similarities with the ICH guidelines, there are still major differences in their interpretation and application. This situation is an obstacle to the successful development of safe and effective multisource products in the Latin American region, not only to improve their access to patients at a reasonable cost, but also to develop BCS biowaiver studies that fulfill the quality standards of regulators in developed and emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: an analysis in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru.
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Federico, Augustovski, Ariel, Bardach, Adrián, Santoro, Federico, Rodriguez-Cairoli, Alejandro, López-Osornio, Fernando, Argento, Maissa, Havela, Alejandro, Blumenfeld, Jamile, Ballivian, Germán, Solioz, Analía, Capula, Analía, López, Cintia, Cejas, William, Savedoff, Alfredo, Palacios, Adolfo, Rubinstein, and Andrés, Pichon-Riviere
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COVID-19 vaccines ,COST control ,COST effectiveness ,RESOURCE allocation ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH planning - Abstract
Objective: Our study analyzes the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru. Methods: Using a previously published SVEIR model, we analyzed the impact of a vaccination campaign (2021) from a national healthcare perspective. The primary outcomes were quality adjusted life years (QALYs) lost and total costs. Other outcomes included COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and life years. We applied a discount rate of 3% for health outcomes. We modeled a realistic vaccination campaign in each country (the realistic country-specific campaign). Additionally, we assessed a standard campaign (similar, "typical" for all countries), and an optimized campaign (similar in all countries with higher but plausible population coverage). One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed. Findings: Vaccination was health improving as well as cost-saving in almost all countries and scenarios. Our analysis shows that vaccination in this group of countries prevented 573,141 deaths (508,826 standard; 685,442 optimized) and gained 5.07 million QALYs (4.53 standard; 6.03 optimized). Despite the incremental costs of vaccination campaigns, they had a total net cost saving to the health system of US$16.29 billion (US$16.47 standard; US$18.58 optimized). The realistic (base case) vaccination campaign in Chile was the only scenario, which was not cost saving, but it was still highly cost-effective with an ICER of US$22 per QALY gained. Main findings were robust in the sensitivity analyses. Interpretation: The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in seven Latin American and Caribbean countries -that comprise nearly 80% of the region- was beneficial for population health and was also cost-saving or highly cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Inferential Statistical Reasoning of Math Teachers: Experiences in Virtual Contexts Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Lugo-Armenta, Jesús Guadalupe and Pino-Fan, Luis Roberto
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The COVID-19 pandemic generated a new scenario in education, where technological resources mediate teaching and learning processes. This paper presents the development of a virtual teacher training experience aimed at promoting inferential reasoning in practicing and prospective mathematics teachers using inference problems on the Chi-square statistic. The objective of this article is to assess the implemented or intended institutional meanings and the degree of availability and adequacy of the material and temporal resources necessary for the development of the training experience. For this purpose, we use theoretical and methodological notions introduced by the Ontosemiotic Approach to Mathematical Knowledge and Instruction (OSA), among which are the notions of practice and suitability criteria. The participants of this experience were divided into three groups; one of them was comprised of practicing teachers and the other two of prospective teachers. The intervention used different virtual modalities that enabled the development of the participants' inferential reasoning in a similar way.
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- 2021
14. The Digital Competence of Academics in Higher Education: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?
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Inamorato dos Santos, Andreia, Chinkes, Ernesto, Carvalho, Marco A. G., Solórzano, Claudia M. V., and Marroni, Lilian S.
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This paper aims to evaluate and discuss the digital competence of academics at universities, to identify challenges and define recommendations for policy. This study was conducted through collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission and Metared of the Universia Foundation, surveying 30,407 participants who present the perceptions of their own digital competence levels. These self-reflections took place in universities in seven countries, namely Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Mexico and Portugal, and used the Check-In tool, which consists of 22 questions based on the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators--or 'DigCompEdu' framework. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by a qualitative evaluation. Almost 70% of the academics have an average intermediate level of competence when the data is aggregated, with results varying in each DigCompEdu area according to the specific question asked. There is no significant difference between young and senior academics, as well as between men and women. The results present a discussion of whether the age and gender of educators and their work environment have an impact on their digital competence level, and at the same time highlights the areas in which educators perceive themselves to be most and least competent. It shows how the amount of institutional support that is offered affects the academics' perceptions of their level of digital competence. On the basis of the results, recommendations are presented for higher-education institutions, with the aim of supporting the professional development of their academics.
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- 2023
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15. Understanding Latin America's Educational Orientations: Evidence from 14 Nations
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Osiobe, Ejiro U.
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Latin American countries have evolved over the years. Still, after years of military reign, socioeconomicinstability, and civil wars, the region has been known for its anti-hegemonic economic growth (educationalpolicies) strategies. Central and South America's educational system has long been under investigation by researchers both theoretically and empirically. The transition of its education system through the introduction of centralized, liberalized, and populist ideology has sparked many researchers' interest. This paper aims to understand and compare 14 Latin American countries' education orientation. The study uses a matrix table to visualize the qualitative finding.
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- 2020
16. How Playful Learning Can Help Leapfrog Progress in Education
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Brookings Institution, Center for Universal Education, Winthrop, Rebecca, Ziegler, Lauren, Handa, Rhea, and Fakoya, Foluyinka
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Humans are born with the natural ability to gain skills through play. Children learn about social norms, roles and responsibilities, and language through curiosity-driven, playful interactions and activities. Learning through play harnesses the power of children's imagination and inspires active engagement with the material. The Center for Universal Education at Brookings, is studying innovations that strive to improve education. If the education sector stays on its current trajectory, half of all youth around the world entering the workforce in 2030 will lack basic secondary-level skills they need to thrive--from literacy and numeracy to critical thinking and problem solving. It is believed that leapfrogging, or rapid nonlinear progress, is needed to change this trajectory. Education that allows students to leap forward in learning should incorporate experimentation and iteration, helping students make meaning of what they are learning, and engage with others in doing so. These types of student-centered, playful learning experiences are an essential component to leapfrogging in education because without them young people will not be able to develop the full breadth of competencies and skills they need to thrive in a fast-changing world. This paper is the first in in a series of Leapfrogging in Education snapshots that provide analyses of a global catalog of education innovations. Of the nearly 3,000 innovations captured in the catalog, two-thirds involve playful learning, which represents the largest category of innovations that were recorded. [Support also provided by the BHP Foundation.]
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- 2019
17. PAPILA dataset: a regional emission inventory of reactive gases for South America based on the combination of local and global information.
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Castesana, Paula, Diaz Resquin, Melisa, Huneeus, Nicolás, Puliafito, Enrique, Darras, Sabine, Gómez, Darío, Granier, Claire, Osses Alvarado, Mauricio, Rojas, Néstor, and Dawidowski, Laura
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EMISSION inventories ,AIR analysis ,AIR pollution ,MAPS ,AIR quality ,METROPOLITAN areas - Abstract
The multidisciplinary project Prediction of Air Pollution in Latin America and the Caribbean (PAPILA) is dedicated to the development and implementation of an air quality analysis and forecasting system to assess pollution impacts on human health and economy. In this context, a comprehensive emission inventory for South America was developed on the basis of the existing data on the global dataset CAMS-GLOB-ANT v4.1 (developed by joining CEDS trends and EDGAR v4.3.2 historical data), enriching it with data derived from locally available emission inventories for Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. This work presents the results of the first joint effort of South American researchers and European colleagues to generate regional maps of emissions, together with a methodological approach to continue incorporating information into future versions of the dataset. This version of the PAPILA dataset includes CO, NOx , NMVOCs, NH3 , and SO2 annual emissions from anthropogenic sources for the period 2014–2016, with a spatial resolution of 0.1 ∘ × 0.1 ∘ over a domain that covers 32–120 ∘ W and 34 ∘ N–58 ∘ S. The PAPILA dataset is presented as netCDF4 files and is available in an open-access data repository under a CC-BY 4 license: 10.17632/btf2mz4fhf.3. A comparative assessment of PAPILA–CAMS datasets was carried out for (i) the South American region, (ii) the countries with local data (Argentina, Colombia, and Chile), and (iii) downscaled emission maps for urban domains with different environmental and anthropogenic factors. Relevant differences were found at both country and urban levels for all the compounds analyzed. Among them, we found that when comparing PAPILA total emissions versus CAMS datasets at the national level, higher levels of NOx and considerably lower levels of the other species were obtained for Argentina, higher levels of SO2 and lower levels of CO and NOx for Colombia, and considerably higher levels of CO, NMVOCs, and SO2 for Chile. These discrepancies are mainly related to the representativeness of local practices in the local emission estimates, to the improvements made in the spatial distribution of the locally estimated emissions, or to both. Both datasets were evaluated against surface concentrations of CO and NOx by using them as input data to the WRF-Chem model for one of the analyzed domains, the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, for summer and winter of 2015. PAPILA-based modeling results had a smaller bias for CO and NOx concentrations in winter while CAMS-based results for the same period tended to deliver an underestimation of these concentrations. Both inventories exhibited similar performances for CO in summer, while the PAPILA simulation outperformed CAMS for NOx concentrations. These results highlight the importance of refining global inventories with local data to obtain accurate results with high-resolution air quality models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Frontotemporal Dementias in Latin America: History, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Research.
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Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J., Behrens, Maria Isabel, Hosogi, Mirna Lie, Montero, Lucia, Torralva, Teresa, Custodio, Nilton, Longoria-Ibarrola, Erika Mariana, Giraldo-Chica, Margarita, Aguillón, David, Hardi, Angela, Maestre, Gladys E., Contreras, Valeria, Doldan, Celeste, Duque-Peñailillo, Lissette, Hesse, Heike, Roman, Norbel, Santana-Trinidad, Dhara Angelina, Schenk, Christian, Ocampo-Barba, Ninoska, and López-Contreras, Ricardo
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LATIN American history ,FRONTOTEMPORAL dementia ,MEDICAL research ,GENETICS ,LATIN Americans ,COMPLEX regional pain syndromes - Abstract
Introduction: The historical development, frequency, and impact of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are less clear in Latin America than in high-income countries. Although there is a growing number of dementia studies in Latin America, little is known collectively about FTD prevalence studies by country, clinical heterogeneity, risk factors, and genetics in Latin American countries. Methods: A systematic review was completed, aimed at identifying the frequency, clinical heterogeneity, and genetics studies of FTD in Latin American populations. The search strategies used a combination of standardized terms for FTD and related disorders. In addition, at least one author per Latin American country summarized the available literature. Collaborative or regional studies were reviewed during consensus meetings. Results: The first FTD reports published in Latin America were mostly case reports. The last two decades marked a substantial increase in the number of FTD research in Latin American countries. Brazil (165), Argentina (84), Colombia (26), and Chile (23) are the countries with the larger numbers of FTD published studies. Most of the research has focused on clinical and neuropsychological features (n = 247), including the local adaptation of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment batteries. However, there are little to no large studies on prevalence (n = 4), biomarkers (n = 9), or neuropathology (n = 3) of FTD. Conclusions: Future FTD studies will be required in Latin America, albeit with a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis, genetics, biomarkers, and neuropathological studies. Regional and country-level efforts should seek better estimations of the prevalence, incidence, and economic impact of FTD syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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19. A civil society view of rare disease public policy in six Latin American countries.
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Mayrides, Mo, Ruiz de Castilla, Eva Maria, and Szelepski, Silvina
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RARE diseases ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CIVIL society ,DRUG control ,ORPHAN drugs ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Patients with rare diseases across the world struggle to access timely diagnosis and state-of-the-art treatment and management of their conditions. Several recently published reviews highlight the importance of country efforts to address rare diseases and orphan drugs policy comprehensively. However, many of these reviews lack depth and detail at the local level, which we believe is necessary for rare disease advocates to identify and prioritize opportunities for strengthening each country's policy framework.We asked leading patient advocates from civil society organizations their views on rare disease public policy in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru with a focus on whether specific laws and regulations in these six Latin American countries have been promulgated. From December 2018 to March 2019 we supplemented their perspectives with evidence from accessible literature using key search terms. For each country, we prepared a detailed analysis on how laws or other policy initiatives took shape and the steps taken since to implement them. This allowed us to identify five broad policy categories for subsequent analysis: national laws, national regulations, health system incorporation of rare disease treatments, care delivery, and patient engagement.By describing the different approaches, challenges and timelines across six countries, our research demonstrates that strengthening rare disease policy first requires a common understanding and local consensus of each country's recent past and current situation. Subsequent analysis based on a set of common policy dimensions led us to where we believe salient opportunities lie for each of these countries to strengthen their overall policy framework for rare disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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20. A modified Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model for observed under-reported incidence data.
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Trejo I and Hengartner NW
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- Argentina epidemiology, Bayes Theorem, Brazil epidemiology, Chile epidemiology, Colombia epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Markov Chains, Mexico epidemiology, Panama epidemiology, Peru epidemiology, Stochastic Processes, United States epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology
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Fitting Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models to incidence data is problematic when not all infected individuals are reported. Assuming an underlying SIR model with general but known distribution for the time to recovery, this paper derives the implied differential-integral equations for observed incidence data when a fixed fraction of newly infected individuals are not observed. The parameters of the resulting system of differential equations are identifiable. Using these differential equations, we develop a stochastic model for the conditional distribution of current disease incidence given the entire past history of reported cases. We estimate the model parameters using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte-Carlo sampling of the posterior distribution. We use our model to estimate the transmission rate and fraction of asymptomatic individuals for the current Coronavirus 2019 outbreak in eight American Countries: the United States of America, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Panama, from January 2020 to May 2021. Our analysis reveals that the fraction of reported cases varies across all countries. For example, the reported incidence fraction for the United States of America varies from 0.3 to 0.6, while for Brazil it varies from 0.2 to 0.4., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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21. Disjoint and Functional Principal Component Analysis for Infected Cases and Deaths Due to COVID-19 in South American Countries with Sensor-Related Data.
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Martin-Barreiro C, Ramirez-Figueroa JA, Cabezas X, Leiva V, and Galindo-Villardón MP
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- Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Humans, Peru, Principal Component Analysis, SARS-CoV-2, Uruguay, Venezuela, COVID-19, Pandemics
- Abstract
In this paper, we group South American countries based on the number of infected cases and deaths due to COVID-19. The countries considered are: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The data used are collected from a database of Johns Hopkins University, an institution that is dedicated to sensing and monitoring the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. A statistical analysis, based on principal components with modern and recent techniques, is conducted. Initially, utilizing the correlation matrix, standard components and varimax rotations are calculated. Then, by using disjoint components and functional components, the countries are grouped. An algorithm that allows us to keep the principal component analysis updated with a sensor in the data warehouse is designed. As reported in the conclusions, this grouping changes depending on the number of components considered, the type of principal component (standard, disjoint or functional) and the variable to be considered (infected cases or deaths). The results obtained are compared to the k-means technique. The COVID-19 cases and their deaths vary in the different countries due to diverse reasons, as reported in the conclusions.
- Published
- 2021
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