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Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Green spaces are unequally distributed within the Paris metropolitan area. • Targeting areas poorly endowed with green space is likely to favour affluent populations. • We propose a new methodology for just green infrastructure development. Urban green spaces provide cultural ecosystem services, and urban policies typically aim to enhance these services by targeting new investments in deprived areas. The implementation of urban greening policies is one way to reduce inequalities in well-being, for example by targeting areas where increased access to green spaces will benefit citizens of low socioeconomic status. Most research has addressed the targeting of green infrastructure development by considering income and access to green spaces, while few studies have considered a multidimensional definition of well-being. The aims of this paper are to i) integrate inputs from the economic and political philosophy literature to propose a broader definition of well-being, including health, education, insecurity, and social relations; ii) develop a criterion to prioritise areas where urban greening would have the greatest impact on well-being inequalities; and iii) apply this criterion to the Paris metropolitan area (Ile-de-France region), a spatially heterogeneous region where areas deprived of access to green spaces are not systematically deprived in other dimensions. Our analysis shows that the city of Paris and the inner suburbs would be targeted when considering inequality in access to green spaces only. The results differ when inequalities in income or multidimensional well-being are taken into account, in which case the northern inner suburbs and some outer suburbs become a higher priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meat sheep breed Ile-de-France was introduced from France to Bulgaria more than 50 years ago. However, the most imports took place in the recent 20 years and especially after the establishment in 2005 of a breeding association for this breed in Bulgaria. In this study, an attempt to analyse and review the imports from France in the last 18 years was made. It was based on the data about the imported animals provided by the Association for breeding of Ile-de-France sheep in Bulgaria. These animals were selected for import not only on the quality of their parents, but also on their genetic predisposal to classical Scrapie. As a result, most of the animals with known prion protein gene genotypes were of the preferred, low risk one. Within the parents, for which data was available, 34% of the sires were ranked as improvers of growth qualities, and 45% of the dams as mothers of sires. The animals were raised in similar climatic conditions in both countries. The animal with most progeny in the herdbook was also imported one, having 163 records as a sire. The continuous import of low risk genotype animals should have positive impact on the resistance of the local population against Scrapie. As there are also Ile-de-France animals raised in Bulgaria, it might be beneficial to monitor the genetic diversity of prion protein gene in the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In France, oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has been publicly available since 2016, mainly targeting at men who have sex with men (MSM). Reliable and robust estimations of the actual PrEP uptake among MSM on a localized level can provide additional insights to identify and better reach marginalized MSM within current HIV prevention service provision. This study used national pharmaco‐epidemiology surveillance data and regional MSM population estimations to model the spatio‐temporal distribution of PrEP uptake among MSM in France 2016–2021 to identify marginalized MSM at risk for HIV and increase their PrEP uptake. Methods: We first applied Bayesian spatial analyses with survey‐surveillance‐based HIV incidence data as a spatial proxy to estimate the size of (1) regional HIV‐negative MSM populations and (2) MSM who could be eligible for PrEP use according to French PrEP guidelines. We then applied Bayesian spatio‐temporal ecological regression modelling to estimate the regional prevalence and relative probability of the overall‐ and new‐PrEP uptake from 2016 to 2021 across France. Results: HIV‐negative and PrEP‐eligible MSM populations vary regionally across France. Île‐de‐France was estimated to have the highest MSM density compared to other French regions. According to the final spatio‐temporal model, the relative probability of overall PrEP uptake was heterogeneous across France but remained stable over time. Urban areas have higher‐than‐average probabilities of PrEP uptake. The prevalence of PrEP use increased steadily (ranging from 8.8% [95% credible interval 8.5%;9.0%] in Nouvelle‐Aquitaine to 38.2% [36.5%;39.9%] in Centre‐Val‐de‐Loire in 2021). Conclusions: Our results show that using Bayesian spatial analysis as a novel methodology to estimate the localized HIV‐negative MSM population is feasible and applicable. Spatio‐temporal models showed that despite the increasing prevalence of PrEP use in all regions, geographical disparities and inequalities of PrEP uptake continued to exist over time. We identified regions that would benefit from greater tailoring and delivery efforts. Based on our findings, public health policies and HIV prevention strategies could be adjusted to better combat HIV infections and to accelerate ending the HIV epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of fertilization season on the live weight of Ile de France lambs.The study was carried out in two consecutive years with 649 lambs (233 numbers born during fertilization of the ewes in the months from August to October (autumn fertilization) and 416 numbers born during fertilization in the month of April (spring fertilization)). The animals are under the selection control of the Ile de France Breeding Association, raised on a farm in northeastern Bulgaria. Live weights were measured at birth, at 30 days and at 70 days, with a deviation of ± 2 days. Biological fecundity was determined as the ratio of the number of live births, stillbirths and aborted lambs to the number of lambed ewes. The information was processed using the methods of variational statistics. The effect of the season of fertilization on the studied parameters was determined by the ANOVA model of the one-factor analysis of variance, the reliability of the influence of the factor was determined by the values of Fisher’s F-test, and the reliability of the differences between the studied groups - by the Student’s t-test, with the statistical package Data Analysis, Excel 2021, Microsoft. A highly reliable effect of the factor fertilization season on the live weight of the lambs on the 30th and 70th day was found (F=3.86***). Lambs realized a higher average live weight at autumn fertilization, 18,733 kg at day 30 and 35,418 kg at day 70 respectively, compared to spring fertilization 17,332 kg and 33,893 kg at the same ages in 2018. The biological fertility of ewes was in the range of 146%-154%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the scientific research are male lambs of the Ile de France breed, divided into 2 groups of 8 each, with different birth types - singletons and twins/triplets, fattened intensively for a period of 60 days. The lambs were slaughtered in a licensed slaughterhouse, according to Bulgarian State Standard (BSS), at 120 days of age. Four lambs from each group were slaughtered with an average live weight closest to the group average. The main slaughter parameters, cuts, offal and morphometric measurements of the carcasses were studied. The data were processed according to the methods of variation statistics with Data Analysis, EXCEL, 2016 of Microsoft. The bodyweight at slaughter (BWS) of the lambs born as singles of the first group was 56.375 kg, and of the lambs of the second group was 52.725 kg. The weight of the cooled carcass of the lambs of the first group is 26.000 kg, and of the lambs of the second group - 24.675 kg. A significant difference was found in the net live weight, in the weight of the foremast and stomach, and the large length of the carcass. This, in turn, does not affect the obtained slaughter yield and compactness of the carcass, which are almost the same in both studied groups. From the conducted studies, we can conclude that the birth type factor does not have a significant impact on the slaughter performance of the slaughtered carcasses, but confirms the compensatory growth opportunities at a young age of the animals of the breed in case of multiple births. The manifestation of compensatory growth in lambs born as twins enables the realization of high growth at an early age and is an important indicator of the economic results of breeding the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Apprenticeship is a combination of on-the-job training (OJT) and related classroom instruction under the supervision of a journey-level craft person or trade professional in which workers learn the practical and theoretical aspects of a highly skilled occupation. After completing an apprenticeship programme, the worker's journey-level status provides an additional benefit of nationwide mobility at journey level scale". The aim of the present paper is to examine the apprenticeship system in France and other European countries and also in USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of severe asthma in adolescents is estimated at 6.7%. Transition to adult health services is a vulnerable period for adolescents where there is a risk of poor treatment adherence and loss to follow-up. Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the maintenance of asthma control in young severe asthmatics, 6 months and 1 year after transition to a specialist adult centre. Methods: Patients with severe asthma treated in a paediatric pulmonology centre in the Île-de-France and referred at least 6 months previously to an adult service were included. Asthma control was evaluated by measuring the ACT score and respiratory function. Patients were asked to answer an on-line questionnaire about their experiences during transition. Results: Fifty-four adolescents with severe asthma underwent transition to the adult service between 2014 and 2021. Thirteen patients (25%) were lost to follow-up after an average of 22.4 months of follow-up. Three-quarters (73%) of patients had well controlled asthma with an ACT score ≥ 20 during transition and the majority were able to maintain good control and respiratory function (> 60% FEV1 > 80%) during follow-up in adult pulmonology. Among the patients that answered the questionnaire, 64.8% were satisfied with the transition process. Conclusion: Asthma control and respiratory function were maintained 6 months and 1 year after transition to the adult centre in the majority of patients. Most patients were satisfied with the transition process, but several improvements can be proposed, including early discussion of the medical plan and the implementation of procedures to reduce loss to follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry is the property of Institute for Animal Husbandry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At a time when many cities are rethinking their development and urban planning policies in order to cope with new economic, societal and environmental paradigms, the question arises as to which public policies should be favored in order to achieve current and future air quality objectives. Decision support for urban air pollution control can no longer rely solely on improved technologies, but must propose new modelling approaches that integrate urban organization, the individual and energy consumption practices. In this paper, we present the operating principles of the OLYMPUS model and discuss the results obtained during its implementation in two distinct territories. OLYMPUS is an activity-based model that - for a given urban organization - simulates the gaseous and particulate emissions related to the energy consumption of individuals for their mobility, combustion from residential heating, domestic activities and commercial building heating. The very heart of the simulation is to define, prioritize and spatialize the daily mobility of individuals, as well as to define the energy demand per building. The results are presented here for Ile-de-France - a dense metropolis highly served by public transport, housing 12 million inhabitants - and the Pays de la Loire - a polycentric urban area organized around medium-sized towns within a highly rural space. By implementing OLYMPUS on these two different territories, we demonstrate the very good transposability of the tool. In parallel, we propose a discussion of the parameters that most constrain the emissions in the model, and the opportunities for innovative scenarios dedicated to decision support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe the care pathway of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) based on real-life textual data from a regional coordination network, the Ile-de-France ALS network. This coordination network provides care for 92% of patients diagnosed with ALS living in Ile-de-France. We developed a modular ontology (OntoPaRON) for the automatic processing of these unstructured textual data. OntoPaRON has different modules: the core, medical, socio-environmental, coordination, and consolidation modules. Our approach was unique in its creation of fully defined concepts at different levels of the modular ontology to address specific topics relating to healthcare trajectories. We also created a semantic annotation tool specific to the French language and the specificities of our corpus, the Ontology-Based Semantic Annotation Module (OnBaSAM), using the OntoPaRON ontology as a reference. We used these tools to annotate the records of 928 patients automatically. The semantic (qualitative) annotations of the concepts were transformed into quantitative data. By using these pipelines we were able to transform unstructured textual data into structured quantitative data. Based on data processing, semantic annotations, sociodemographic data for the patient and clinical variables, we found that the need and demand for human and technical assistance depend on the initial form of the disease, the motor state, and the patient age. The presence of exhaustion in care management, is related to the patient's motor and cognitive state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban habitat characteristics create environmental filtering of pollinator communities. They also impact pollinating insect phenology through the presence of an urban heat island and the year‐round availability of floral resources provided by ornamental plants.Here, we monitored the phenology and composition of pollinating insect communities visiting replicates of an experimental plant assemblage comprising two species, with contrasting floral traits: Sinapis alba and Lotus corniculatus, whose flowering periods were artificially extended. Plant assemblage replicates were set up over two consecutive years in two different habitats: rural and densely urbanized, within the same biogeographical region (Ile‐de‐France region, France).The phenology of pollination activity, recorded from the beginning (early March) to the end (early November) of the season, differed between these two habitats. Several pollinator morphogroups (small wild bees, bumblebees, honeybees) were significantly more active on our plant sets in the urban habitat compared to the rural one, especially in early spring and autumn. This resulted in different overall reproductive success of the plant assemblage between the two habitats. Over the course of the season, reproductive success of S. alba was always significantly higher in the urban habitat, while reproductive success of L. corniculatus was significantly higher in the urban habitat only during early flowering.These findings suggest different phenological adaptations to the urban habitat for different groups of pollinators. Overall, results indicate that the broadened activity period of pollinating insects recorded in the urban environment could enhance the pollination function and the reproductive success of plant communities in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: More than half of the global population is under strict forms of social distancing. Estimating the expected impact of lockdown and exit strategies is critical to inform decision makers on the management of the COVID-19 health crisis.Methods: We use a stochastic age-structured transmission model integrating data on age profile and social contacts in Île-de-France to (i) assess the epidemic in the region, (ii) evaluate the impact of lockdown, and (iii) propose possible exit strategies and estimate their effectiveness. The model is calibrated to hospital admission data before lockdown. Interventions are modeled by reconstructing the associated changes in the contact matrices and informed by mobility reductions during lockdown evaluated from mobile phone data. Different types and durations of social distancing are simulated, including progressive and targeted strategies, with large-scale testing.Results: We estimate the reproductive number at 3.18 [3.09, 3.24] (95% confidence interval) prior to lockdown and at 0.68 [0.66, 0.69] during lockdown, thanks to an 81% reduction of the average number of contacts. Model predictions capture the disease dynamics during lockdown, showing the epidemic curve reaching ICU system capacity, largely strengthened during the emergency, and slowly decreasing. Results suggest that physical contacts outside households were largely avoided during lockdown. Lifting the lockdown with no exit strategy would lead to a second wave overwhelming the healthcare system, if conditions return to normal. Extensive case finding and isolation are required for social distancing strategies to gradually relax lockdown constraints.Conclusions: As France experiences the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in lockdown, intensive forms of social distancing are required in the upcoming months due to the currently low population immunity. Extensive case finding and isolation would allow the partial release of the socio-economic pressure caused by extreme measures, while avoiding healthcare demand exceeding capacity. Response planning needs to urgently prioritize the logistics and capacity for these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]