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In 1949, a new French publishing house, named Cocorico, launched a brand new collection called "Un petit livre d'or". In fact, it was simply a translation of the American "Little Golden Books" series. These cheap, cheerful and colourful picturebooks for the children of postwar Europe enjoyed immediate success. But the importation into Europe of the concept of "little golden books" had roots far beyond the simple framework of children's publishing and became part of the cultural Cold War," "book diplomacy," and the policy of "containment." All this was orchestrated by a multi-faceted dual national Franco-American, Georges Duplaix, who worked for the CIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the implications of the Great Recession for voting for antiestablishment parties, as well as for general trust and political attitudes, using regional data across Europe. We find a strong relationship between increases in unemployment and voting for nonmainstream parties, especially populist ones. Moreover, unemployment increases in tandem with declining trust toward national and European political institutions, though we find only weak or no effects of unemployment on interpersonal trust. The correlation between unemployment and attitudes toward immigrants is muted, especially for their cultural impact. To explore causality, we extract the component of increases in unemployment explained by the precrisis structure of the economy, in particular the share of construction in regional value added, which is strongly related both to the buildup preceding and the bursting of the crisis. Our results imply that crisis-driven economic insecurity is a substantial determinant of populism and political distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participating in the conversation on the relationship between place and identity, this paper examines the peculiar characterizations in Henry James's late novels. It identifies a tourist paranoid turn of mind in a cluster of touring Americans in Europe--Milly Theale (The Wings of the Dove), Maggie Verver (The Golden Bowl), and Lambert Strether (The Ambassadors). A heightened need to secure a "firm footing" plunges these characters into a paranoid mode of existence, with a blind faith in knowledge and a strong suspicion of hidden truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to diagnose Europe's democratic vulnerabilities, we conducted experiments that probe Europeans' ability to recognize and punish politicians who undermine democracy. Across seven countries, we systematically detect two reservoirs of tolerance for authoritarianism: the illiberal right and the disengaged. Citizens in the first group support parties on the extreme, populist, radical, or nationalist right. Citizens in the second group do not vote, but, in several countries, they are dormant supporters of the illiberal right and exhibit just as much lenience toward transgressions against democracy. The root cause of the illiberal right's tolerance for authoritarianism appears to be not in how much it cares about its signature issues, like immigration or traditional values, but in how little it cares about democracy in the first place. Europe's authoritarian potential, both overt and hidden, is located on its electorates' far-right flanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the 2013 Callaloo Conference titled "The Transatlantic, Africa, and Its Diaspora" at the University of Oxford in Europe in November 2013 on the African and African American involvements in European history. Topics discussed include rapid development of transatlantic discourse, significance of the choice of Oxford, imperialism and slavery in Europe, transnational movements across the African diaspora and views of Charles Henry Rowell, editor of the periodical.

This paper explores the history of castle studies in German-speaking Europe, and the related transformations of castle researchers' idea of Europe from 1918 to 1945. The study of castles was particularly popular in German-speaking regions at that time, and many castle researchers advocated nationalist and pan-Germanic ideas of Europe. After World War I, these ideas were radicalized, and scholars collaborated with Nazi organizations on the ethnic reordering of Europe. After the end of World War II castle researchers transformed their Germanocentric ideas into a more liberal concept of Europe, reflecting the establishment of a European scientific community of medieval archaeologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 80 years, a series of critical events has led to reconsideration of the basic premises of medical ethics. One of these events was the recognition of horrific medical experiments performed by German medical scientists in World War II concentration camps, resulting in intensified emphasis on a consent requirement, later understood as grounded in the bioethical principle of respect for autonomy, as well as on the moral accountability of the experimenter. Another important event that is forcing a reconsideration of respect for autonomy in medicine and health care is the COVID-19 pandemic. But this time the matter pulls in a different direction, from respect for autonomy to social responsibility, represented in problems as disparate as the wearing of masks, vaccination requirements, and equity in vaccine access and distribution. How can modern bioethics, in part a creature of the response to Nazi crimes, accommodate the intensified sensitivity about public health needs that has accompanied the shock of the pandemic? The responses of European medical ethics to the Nazi era provide tools for bioethics as it faces the challenge now at hand. This article uses historical context from postwar Europe to argue that, in light of the pandemic experience, respect for autonomy must systematically incorporate a commitment to social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controversy over Greek deficit statistics highlights three developments, characteristic not only of Greece, but of Europe as a whole: the intended depoliticization of certain issues or domains through the setting up of independent authorities, the transformation of national norms and arrangements that comes with European integration, and the role of transnational epistemic communities. An ongoing statistical dispute between Eurostat and the Greek authorities in the years before 2010, and changes in the governance of Greek statistics from that year onward as the controversy moved to the judicial arena, have revealed conflicting legitimacies and offered a testing ground for a whole series of devices and processes designed to monitor the independence of statistical institutes all over Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the nineteenth century, access to and the development of natural resources became an important element of national and international politics. Resource security emerged as an issue vital to national security; and resource competition and crises gave rise to international tensions as well as to technological innovation and new modes of transnational cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay that comes nearest to such an analytical approach is Marieke Hendriksen's excellent piece on the shift of concepts in eighteenth-century theories of art and craft. Finally, there are a few contributions that examine changes in the concept of ingenuity over time and how Europeans reflected on, or appropriated, specimens of ingenuity produced in other parts of the world. Ingenuity in the Making: Matter and Technique in Early Modern Europe Edited by Richard J. Oosterhoff, José Ramón Marcaida, and Alexander Marr. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the author's view on results of a study conducted by World Values Survey (WVS) on the changing views of the public about the core democratic norms and the idea of democracy in the U.S. and Europe.

The article focuses on Habsbury expedition in Austria in 1783 and mentions topics such as botany, diplomacy and enlightenment in Europe.

The article focuses on European enlightenment, Habsburg empire and empress of Austria Maria Theresa.

In this introduction, we revisit major discussions around historical themes and historiographical issues that took place during the fifteen-year life of STEP (Science and Technology at the European Periphery). We will attempt to draw the profile of STEP, and put forth some concrete proposals as to its prospects of collaboration with other groups and societies. We also elaborate on the rationale behind the selection of topics presented in this issue, analyse questions posed and challenges faced, and offer some historiographical comments on the potential of the STEP perspective in the context of international scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the rise of Poland's Law and Justice party (PiS), focusing on the contemporary authoritarian populism in the country. Topics include a movement to protest infringement of democratic norms, the use of the Syrian refugee crisis for criticism of British government and European Commission, and the aftermath of communism's failure in 1898.

The article talks about the issue of democratic stability in Europe and Germany's issue of political stability due to its history of Nazism and resistance to extremism. Topics include the rise of right-wing populist parties, British Prime Minister David Cameron's vow of reclaiming national sovereignty from the European Union (EU).

The article discusses the challenges to democracy in Europe, focusing on the the rising xenophobia and neo-Nazi forces. It talks about the political and postwar landscape in Europe. Topics include Allied military victory over fascism in 1945, communist dictatorships of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and diffusion of political liberalism.

The article discusses market in Cádiz, Spain and epidemic in Europe. Topics discussed include history of Marseille, France, bubonic plague in the city and French epidemic. Other topics which includes crisis management, European diplomacy and disease control policy of Spain are also discussed. Health inspections are mentioned.

Epistemological development and attachment theory have been independent frameworks for understanding psychological development. This study examined the association between epistemological development (using the Measure of Epistemological Reflection) and attachment (using the Adult Attachment Interview) in a sample of 60 pre- and postgraduated college students. Results showed that absolute knowing is rarely present in secure students and that it is most common among preoccupied students. Students with dismissing attachment have restricted ways of knowing, progressing from transitional knowing to independent knowing. For a more comprehensive analysis of these findings selected cases are presented. These results may be relevant for further interdomain research and intervention with college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the spread of disability rights across European countries. Existing theoretical explanations of rights diffusion are unable to account for the pattern of adoption of disability equality norms across Europe over the last twenty years. The article argues top-down explanations need to be complemented by agent-centered approaches to convincingly account for the case of disability rights in Europe. Engagement with social movement theory that takes domestic activists and the meanings they attribute to rights seriously offers a better understanding of how and why we might see the rise of rights in one case and their rejection in another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article analyzes the campaign for the 2014 European elections in the Republic of Cyprus (RoC). In the empirical analysis, party choice and voter turnout are explained as a function of both European and non-EUrelated factors. Despite the partial politicization of the EU in the campaign as a result of the severe Eurozone crisis, it is clear that national factors are more important than European factors. The second-order character of the European elections is essentially verified along with an ongoing process of voter dealignment, as indicated by low turnout and low levels of trust in political institutions. These signal important challenges for the political and party system of Cyprus, which may have entered a process of transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From Pussy Riot to Michael Khodorkovskiy, the solidity of the rule of law in Russia seems rather shaky. This has translated into a troubled relationship between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights since Russia's ratification of the European Convention in 1998. Various factors explain this tension, including the structure of the judiciary, the status of the European Convention in Russia law, public mistrust of the courts, and ongoing episodes of armed conflicts. This has posed enormous challenges to the European Court of Human Rights, and even the most recent attempts to improve it are unlikely to trigger better compliance in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the translation and linguistic difference in the film "Shoah," directed by Claude Lanzmann, as it relates to delay, estrangement and loss. Topics discussed include the naming of the event which exterminated the Jews in Europe during the Second World War into holocaust or Shoah and Hurban or Hurbin, the issue of Lanzmann not speaking Hebrew, Polish or Yiddish, and the self-estrangement or self-splitting testimonies of survivors in the film.

The article focuses on poet Aimé Césaire and another face of Europe. Topics discussed include vegetarian student Petar Guberina who became eminent linguist, developer of the Verbotonal method for rehabilitation of people with severe speech and auditory impairments, the parallels between black and Balkan culture with the exploration of the influence that Césaire and Guberina had on each other's lives and work, and poet Benjamin Péret.

Normally coffee gains historical attention for the coffeehouse's role in the emerging public sphere. Yet critics were equally troubled by coffee's effects on the body. When coffee first arrived in western Europe, observers worried about its potential to alter the drinkers' bodies sexually, racially, and religiously. Once coffee became domesticated, concern shifted to its effects on the nerves and its role in the luxury and over-civilization of the consumer revolution. At the intersection of the social history of medicine and of consumption, coffee and its sister "soft drugs" point to the origins of today's culture of wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reporting on the Syrian civil war and on Syrian migration to Europe since 2015 often suggests that a drought from 2006–2009 caused an agricultural collapse, spurring rural-to-urban migration and social conflict underpinning the uprisings of 2011. Such narratives regularly focus on the mass death of sheep, goats, and other "livestock" as indexes of the environmental violence underpinning war and migration. Climate security narratives tend to configure animal death as national debility in ways that suggest that slow environmental processes affecting rural pastoralists erupt into social destabilization. Critically examining such visions of migration and animal death as national debility, this essay offers a critique of Syrian climate migration and climate war discourses. Arguing that the effects of aerial bombing and long-term agrarian struggles are evident in the publicity around animal depopulation, the essay suggests that international reporting on climate war and migration are limited by a failure to inquire into concerns (raised in some sectors of the opposition) about the sustainability of monoculture enterprises and the forms of capitalist agriculture. As such, they tend to evacuate political struggles over infrastructure and environment in wartime Syria. Building on this interpretation of the tropes of animality and debility in Syrian war representation, the final section of the essay draws out methodological lessons for how scholars of disability studies and animal studies might advance the intersection of those fields as well as transnational frameworks of critique in each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the reception of the Belmont Report in Europe and its influence on the development of European research ethics thinking and European research ethics systems. It is very difficult to trace a clear, linear reception history because it is difficult to disentangle the influence of the Report from the influence of concurrent developments, such as the 1975 revision of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and the requirement for research ethics review in the Vancouver Group's 1978 "Uniform Requirements for Manuscript Submission." The Report's insistence that the focus of research ethics should be the rights and interests of the individual research subject, and the use of an ethical framework and not ethical theory as the basis of analysis and justification of recommendations, were nevertheless very important for the development of research ethics. The divergence between Europe and the US in the governance of non-biomedical research can at least partly be explained by the absence of strong drivers for the introduction of research ethics committees outside of biomedicine in Europe, and by the ability of non-biomedical researchers to mobilize effectively against the introduction of such committees.

This paper examines how Fyodor Dostoevsky was used as an example in the debate over genius as a pathological phenomenon in nineteenth century medicine and criminal anthropology. When Dostoevsky's novels became known in Western Europe medical interest in the relation between genius and insanity reached its pinnacle. A known epileptic, Dostoevsky was exceptionally well suited to illustrate Cesare Lombroso's theory of genius as an epileptoid psychosis. Dostoevsky was also claimed as an example by the rivalling Lyon school, whose representatives argued that Dostoevsky's life and works demonstrate that genius is a higher form of health rather than a pathological deviation.