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Reviews the book "Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Papers in the Islamic World," by Jonathan M. Bloom.

A review of the book "The Middleton Papers: The Financial Problems of a Yorkshire Recusant Family in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," which is part of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series Volume CLXI for the year 2009, edited by José Bosworth, Pat Hudson, Maureen Johnson and Denise Shillitoe is presented.

The article reviews the book "Monuments, Patrons, Contexts: Papers on Ottoman Europe Presented to Machiel Kiel," edited by Maximilian Hartmuth and Ayşe Dilsiz.

Reviews the book "Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850. Selected Papers 1999."

The article reviews the book "Report on the Manuscripts of the Late Allen George Finch Esq., of Burley-on-the-Hill, Rutland: General Correspondence 1693, Secret Service Papers 1691-1693, and Naval and Military Papers to 1694," Volume V, edited by Sonia P. Anderson.

A review of the books "Sugar in the Blood: A Family's Story of Slavery and Empire," by Andrea Stuart, and "Freedom Papers: An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation," by Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hébrard, is presented.

The article reviews the book "Faith in Paper: The Ethnohistory and Litigation of Upper Great Lakes Indian Treaties," by Charles E. Cleland with Bruce R. Greene, Marc Slonim, Nancy N. Cleland, Kathryn L. Tierney, Skip Durocher, and Brian Pierson.

Reviews the book 'The Papers of John Marshall, Volume X: Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, January 1824-April 1827,' edited by Charles F. Hobson.

The article reviews the book "Papers on the Pre-Islamic Documents and Other Materials Unearthed from Central Asia," edited by Takao Moriyasu.

The article reviews the book "Historical Reflections on Central Europe: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995," edited by Stanislav J. Kirschbaum.

The article analyzes the short story "The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids," by Herman Melville. Topics include the portrayal of paper making in the story, writers for the periodical "Putnam's Monthly Magazine," and the history of paper mills near Melville's home in Berkshire Country, Massachusetts.

Reviews the book "The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: NATO and the Campaign of 1952," by Dwight David Eisenhower, edited by Louis Galambos.

The article reviews the book "The Perfection of the Paper Clip: Curious Tales of Invention, Accidental Genius, and Stationery Obsession" by James Ward.

This research paper explores how and why the existing tradition of supernatural stories about ghosts and other fantastical creatures, which located terror as an external factor in these unnatural and malignant beings, was transformed in the early to mid-Nineteenth Century into tales that are instead focused on fear in terms of the internal psychology of the narrator and the protagonist. It investigates two well-known examples of psychological horror, E.TA. Hoffmann's "The Sandman" (1816) and Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" (1843). The research paper deploys a contextual historical approach examining the impact of Romanticism as a philosophy focusing on the individual's mental state and extreme psychological situations, as well as developing scientific ideas about psychology in the period. In my argument it is "madness" (which could affect anyone in society) that became the new fear that haunted and fascinated society, replacing the explicitly external supernatural. I also use Tzvetan Todorov's structuralist theory and model of "the fantastic" and suggest it is possible for a psychological tale to be fantastic in a different way than he envisages, insofar as madness is itself an experience where the victim is never sure if what they experience is real or unreal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the book "Paper Memory: A Sixteenth-Century Townsman Writes His World," by Matthew Lundin, is presented.

The article reviews the book "War Games: A History of War on Paper," by Philipp von Hilgers, translated by Ross Benjamin.