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The article presents an analysis of the conditions in the European commercial paper market. ABN's placements include a Turkish lira deal for Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, a TL100 million tap to a trade placed in April 2007. Mitsubishi UFJ is the only mover in the structured note private placement table.

The grant of economic and technical aid by the EU for regional development during the pre-accession process and its link to novel forms of territorial governance for administering them for eventual EU membership is increasingly challenging Turkey's traditional state centered politics and regional policy. Based on the concept of Europeanization this paper examines the extent and direction of change in Turkey's regional policy to date under the influence of the EU. The paper suggests that there is a major 'misfit' between the EU and Turkey's regional policy approaches and argues that certain domestic features of Turkey's domestic polity render Turkey's adaptation to the EU's multi-level governance model very problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate on European security entered a new stage with the strategy paper entitled "A secure Europe in a better world" submitted by the High Representative Javier Solana and adopted by the Brussels Summit in December 2003. The objective of this paper is to conceptualize the Union's strategic posture. As such it is really the first step towards a strategic community, a dimension which had been lacking in the EU. The paper sets out a number of proposals for enabling the Union to play a more effective role on the international stage and contribute more actively to global security and stability. The emergence of a EU security posture however presents Turkey with a real dilemma. That can be a useful development for Turkey as long as it enhances the country's prospects for accession on the basis of its role as a pivotal country. Yet it can also give rise to concern by undermining NATO, a traditional anchor for Turkish security and foreign policy. The best outcome for Turkey under these circumstances will require the setting of concrete and achievable foreign policy objectives based on a comprehensive and regularly updated analysis of the new environment; and a flexible diplomacy that has learned to adapt to and to take advantage of this constantly evolving environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU, which is defined by its own officials as 'a superpower under construction', will have to deal with a series of economic, political-institutional, cultural-social and geopolitical challenges due to enlargement. The author of this paper argues that given the inevitable problems that lie ahead of the EU and Turkey's many xx, Turkey stands no chance of joining the EU in the next 20 years no matter what it does. The paper further explores the ideological-psychological, ethnic, political-institutional, geopolitical, historical and economic dimensions of the policies that can be pursued by the EU towards Turkey within this time span. In light of these arguments the author suggests that for harmonious relations with the EU, Turkey should cease to aim for full membership and manage its relations through a framework other than that of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the performance of the European secondary market as of August 20, 2004. Market performance of the Sanofi-Synthélabo deal; Buyers that participated in Deutsche Telekom '05 and T-Mobile '05 maturity deals; Emergence of buyers for the Turkish debt.

The average Turkish woman does not yet fully profit from the legislative changes in her daily life. There is an urgent need to speed up implementation and to take further concrete steps. The legislation should be backed up through concrete action plans, strong institutions and sufficient resources. For women to be able to claim rights they have on paper, it is necessary for them to have a degree of economic independence. In Turkey, there is no consistent policy to combat disincentives for women entering the labor market. Even though it is not possible to introduce legal measures of positive discrimination for the upcoming elections, political parties can still include more women candidates on the election lists and place them in favorable positions on the lists. The outcome of the elections in Turkey and the number of female deputies in the Parliament will be a clear sign as to what extent the mentality on women's rights has changed. The existence of political will is one of the sine qua nons of the efforts to eliminate inequalities, and to promote gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether the European Union (EU) membership and/or preparation for membership creates new opportunities for better networking, collaboration, and communication among women's activist groups. The case of Turkey and Greece are taken up to examine how women's activist groups use the process of EU negotiations to construct stronger networks for improving gender-related policies and discourse in their countries. In this context, the limitations of the EU are also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past two decades a diverse landscape of Turkish human rights NGOs has developed, representing all sorts of political and religious orientations. The comparison of Kemalist and Islamic NGOs in regard to freedom of religion and homosexuals' rights illustrates the divergence between the underlying human rights concepts. Referring to these differing concepts, the paper aims at explaining the criticism Turkish civil society actors voice regarding the European process, leading to the fundamental question of whether one set of rights can claim universal validity or whether human rights must be adjusted according to national, cultural, or religious prerequisites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to counter concerns that Turkey is too big, too poor, and too Muslim to join the European Union, Turkish officials routinely stress the strategic benefits Turkish membership would provide the EU. While this argument may resonate in Washington and certain corners of Brussels, it is having little impact on the wider European public. By analyzing Turkey's strategic rationale, the debate within the EU about its geographic and cultural limits, and the growing importance of European public opinion, this paper calls for a new public diplomacy that complements Turkey's strategic arguments by stressing the concrete economic and political benefits of Turkish accession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central argument of this paper is that political disengagement or apathy cannot be construed as young people's "problems". They are in fact problems resulting from schooling of young people in institutions where technical skills are given priority over real-life issues. The resulting lack of participation and informal learning opportunities in young people's lives weakens public institutions and renders them unsustainable. It is argued that learning and participation are key processes for political inclusion and integration of young people in Turkey, across Europe and elsewhere. A model of sustainable civic engagement (Public Achievement) is presented. Public Achievement has been successful in Turkey, the US, N. Ireland, Palestine, Eastern and Central Europe, and the Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will assess the changes and continuities in the perceptions and positioning of the Turkish Cypriot economic actors in search of a solution for Cyprus. In particular, it will focus on the Turkish Cypriot business community as an increasingly leading political actor striving for the solution of the conflict during the period from the European Union's Helsinki Summit in December 1999 when Turkey was granted the candidate status for full membership until the referenda in April 2004 for the unification of the island in accordance with the Annan Plan. It will also illustrate the disillusionment of the business community after the referenda and review their endless efforts to end the isolation of the economy of the North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision of the European Council in December 2004 on whether to start accession negotiations with Turkey will mark a historic turning point in Turkey-EU relations. Both sides are now standing at a crossroads contemplating whether to take advantage of the probably benefits of Turkey's membership or bear the costs of its exclusion from the Union. This paper will explore the potential implications of integrating Turkey into the EU by charting out a multi-level, multi-disciplinary cost/benefit analysis for both sides. In this context, it will try to sort out whether enlarging to include Turkey is really something indispensable for both or either side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the eve of the EU Copenhagen Summit, human rights seem to be playing the key role in determining Turkey's relationship with the European Union. One can argue that this issue only confirms a historical trend. Over the past 200 years of modernization, Europe has been the prime catalyst in Turkey's quest for democratization and human rights. However, although Turkey has moved closer to Europe in the last two decades, its record on human rights continued to pose a problem, mainly due to Ankara's realpolitik approach, marked by concessions on paper with a view to serve State interests rather than freedoms granted for their own sake. Nevertheless, even though these steps have been mainly oriented towards accomodation with Western values, they have gradually created a political environment wherein civil society can inject some momentum to the state policies, irrespective of external factors. The implementation of rights, however, has always lagged behind legislation, and the Turkish Government is faced again with the task of gaining credibility over its recent comprehensive reform package by implementing it integrally and rapidly. This essay attempts to sketch the itinerary of Turkey-EU relations as regards the human rights factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Ottoman civilization and European views of the Ottoman Empire and Turks. It comments on Ottoman art, architecture, and literature. The author examines religious hostilities between Christendom and Islam and addresses ideas about perceived Turkish religious fanaticism and intolerance. He also reflects on European views of Turks as barbarians and considers Western romantic and heroic legends about Turks. European views of the Ottoman government as incompetent and tyrannical are also analyzed.

The article discusses issues related to world politics. It also focuses on a recent publication related to French General Baron Thiebault. A week ago the Eastern question seemed about to receive an answer, but no one is wiser as to the final solution. Letters from England say that the British Government was decided to go ahead even if alone, and force a solution securing the reforms and the safety of the Christians of Turkey. The question, however, which appears subject to an adjournment, is one of those, which must inevitably be answered. The Turks of today must expiate the victories of their fathers and restore to Christian Europe what the fathers took from it; so decides historical justice, and people believe that Turkey will for no long time sign protocols as a European Power. A protest must be made against the new fashion of publishing memoirs piecemeal, one volume after another, at intervals often so long that the reader has some difficulty in finding the thread, which he was obliged to abandon. This method may be advantageous to the publisher, but it is rather irritating to the reader. Who would have thought, when the first volume of the memoirs of General Thiebault appeared, that so many others would follow it?

Features some issues published in Europe. Statement from a German news paper that Turkey is not Europe and never will be Europe; Motive of Britain in pushing for Turkey's membership according to "Die Presse"; Reaction of Great Britain to the beheading of a British hostage in Iraq.

Reports on the bond deal launched by Turkey in January 2003. Lead managers on the deal; Information on the bond's distribution; Deals in the European, Middle East and African region.

The article presents information on the economic relations between Europe and Turkey. In its meandering way, the European Community has begun to accept that Turkey matters to Europe. It was suggested at a Euro-meeting several months ago that Britain; in its presidency of the Community in the second half of 1992, should write a paper about relations with Turkey. A later Euro-meeting gravely gave its consent. The collapse of communism has made it more important than ever that Turkey should succeed. After the cold war, mutual incomprehension between Islam and democracy is one of the world's likeliest causes of conflict.

The article analyzes the capabilities of the two power blocs fighting to control Europe. These blocs are the West bloc of 43 million people in the Balkan region including Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia, and the Communist Russian bloc that includes Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania with support from Czechoslovakia and Russia. The two blocs are the same in degree of militarization but different in political and economic strategies and sources of foreign support.