Search

The psychosocial intervention program described in the present paper is implemented in five modules. The general objective is to provide an initial protocol in the procedure of psychosocial interventions to prevent alcoholism in adolescents through the empowerment of new social representations of its consumption. This proposal resides in a multi-methodological strategy, starting from the Historical-cultural approach, specifically from the social situation of development as a category. The epistemological platform is expected to facilitate a valuable methodology to prevent alcoholism in adolescents. Systematizing said prevention process will aim at setting the course for a theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellofemoral instability (PFI) is a common disorder in children and adolescents. Surgical stabilization of the patella poses challenges in skeletally immature patients due to anatomical peculiarities at this stage, leading to the absence of an established standard reconstruction technique. Recently, there has been a notable interest in the medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC), encompassing the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and the medial quadriceps tendon femoral ligament (MQTFL), owing to their role in restricting lateral patellar displacement. This paper aims to describe the surgical technique employed by the author for reconstructing the medial patellofemoral complex with allograft in skeletally immature patients with patellofemoral instability. Study design: surgical technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present part of the results of a master's research. The research was developed in the thematic field of drugs from the perspective of popular education, having as an empirical field the Boy's Home, a socio-educational unit located in the municipality of Lagoa Seca, State of Paraíba, Brasil. Methodologically, it has been a qualitative research developed through unsystematic observations in the Boy's Home and through semi-structured interviews with teachers from the School of that institution. The empirical material from the interviews was analyzed according to the Thematic Analysis procedures of Braun and Clarke (2006). Among other findings, we identified that teachers do not have systematized knowledge about popular education, but they develop actions that are close to their postulates. As a conclusion, we highlight, for example, the need to offer continuous formation to the teachers of the investigated institution, so that the approaches of popular education can be effectively developed in said context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present part of the results of a master's research. The research was developed in the thematic field of drugs from the perspective of popular education, having as an empirical field the Boy's Home, a socio-educational unit located in the municipality of Lagoa Seca, State of Paraíba, Brasil. Methodologically, it has been a qualitative research developed through unsystematic observations in the Boy's Home and through semi-structured interviews with teachers from the School of that institution. The empirical material from the interviews was analyzed according to the Thematic Analysis procedures of Braun and Clarke (2006). Among other findings, we identified that teachers do not have systematized knowledge about popular education, but they develop actions that are close to their postulates. As a conclusion, we highlight, for example, the need to offer continuous formation to the teachers of the investigated institution, so that the approaches of popular education can be effectively developed in said context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10–19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8–82.5% among boys and 19.2–83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: "Juego de Llaves" [Set of Keys] is a universal school-based prevention program for adolescents aged 12-15. It is aimed at reducing drug use and other addictive behaviors. This paper describes the full protocol for the evaluation design, instruments, randomization procedure, follow-ups, and primary outcomes. Method: Non-Randomized Control Cluster Trial in a set of Spanish secondary schools, with follow-ups at 12-, 24-and 36-months. Participants will be allocated to an experimental or control group. Using a digital application designed for the study, a battery of instruments will be used to assess addictive behaviors, sociodemographic variables, school climate and other transdiagnostic psychological variables. Results: A pilot test will be carried out to test the implementation protocol and to calculate the sample size needed for outcome evaluation. After implementing the program, longitudinal statistical approaches will be used to report intervention efficacy and potential moderators and mediators. Conclusions: There is a lack of assessments on the effectiveness of school prevention programs, and this paper is expected to improve monitoring and ongoing evaluation in prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes adolescents' future expectations (FE) and their relationship with personal variables (age, sex, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) and contextual variables (perceived social support and level of risk). The sample includes 748 adolescents, aged 9-16 (Af = 11.93, SD = 1.42), coming from contexts with different levels of social risk. The results show that FE decrease as age increases, with few differences found based on sex. More positive self-perceptions and perceived social support are associated with better FE. Concerning the level of risk, more vulnerable contexts have a higher negative effect on FE. The regression analysis reveals the predictive capacity of the studied variables. The structural equation model confirms the positive causal effect of psychological adjustment and perceived social support, as well as the negative influence of contexts with greater social disadvantages on adolescent FE. The results suggest the need to establish preventive programs aimed at promoting personal resources of children, especially those who come from vulnerable contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial mycosis, with a cosmopolitan distribution, more prevalent in tropical climates, caused by Malassezia spp, a lipophilic fungus, which colonizes seborrheic body areas. Adolescents and young adults are mostly affected, being infrequent in children and exceptional in infants. It is characterized by hypochromic, hyperchromic, or erythematous macules, typically located on the upper trunk, shoulders, and neck, but in infants, the face is most affected. Other rare variants have been described. Diagnosis is clinical or microbiological and, despite successful treatment, recurrence is the rule, so it is necessary to avoid precipitating factors and to give prophylactic therapy. CLINICAL CASES: This paper describes the cases of four minor infants: three with lesions on the forehead (two hypochromic, one erythematous), the other with hypochromic lesions on the back, papuloid variety; and 2 adolescents, one immunocompetent with generalized hypochromic lesions (atypical distribution), vitiligoid variant, and the other with acute lymphocytic leukemia, with hyperchromic lesions in typical distribution. The clinical diagnosis was supported by Wood's light and direct examination. Topical treatment was indicated, combining systemic therapy in one case and antifungal prophylaxis in all. CONCLUSIONS: Generalized involvement was found in an immunocompetent patient, which usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients. The chromatic variants and some of the morphological and topographic variants described in this disease could be seen in the cases presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to highlight the characteristics of the development of the approach to study children, adolescents, and young individuals in the Brazilian geography field with a view on gender and sexualities. To achieve the aim, a survey was carried out including 28,838 papers that cover a period from 1939 to 2020, found in 98 online journals registered in the geography area by the QualisCapes System, referring to the fouryear period of evaluation by that institution, from 2013 to 2016. Such document set is part of the Brazilian Geography Observatory, and the keywords used in the survey were "youth", "young individual", "juvenile", "adolescent", and "child", which could appear in the title, abstract, or keywords sections. The search generated a set of 492 papers that was analyzed regarding time, theme, and authorship. The methodology used was social network analysis (SNA) aided by the software Gephi. Our results showed that children, adolescents, and young individuals were studied mainly regarding education, sociability, field, and urban violence aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation and application of the guiding or governing principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is of the utmost importance in the intervention of the child in judicial processes, since the nonconsideration of these principles could mean the violation of rights recognized in the Convention, which in turn will bring harmful consequences for the life and development of the child. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to identify the guiding principles or guidelines of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in order to later determine how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has interpreted and applied these principles in specific cases, and thus specify which one, are the international standards on the intervention of the child in judicial proceedings, in accordance with the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a serious public health problem. The main goal of this paper is to carry out a narrative review of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Basically, the aim is twofold: to provide updated information and to introduce mental health professionals and society to this topic for their training and knowledge. To this end, first, a conceptual delimitation of suicidal behavior is produced. Second, epidemiological issues are addressed. Third, psychological models of suicidal behavior are presented, along with the possible explanations underlying this phenomenon. Fourth, the risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior are mentioned. Next, assessment tools for this sector of the population are introduced. Subsequently, prevention strategies are discussed, focusing on the importance of educational environments. Empirically supported psychological treatments for dealing with suicidal behavior are also proposed. Finally, future lines of research are discussed, and a brief summary is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study, this paper focuses on the possibilities for a male adolescent to reflect, question and make ruptures on his own exercises of violence and on the interpellations he has experienced with women and feminism. Despite the negative consequences it entails, the repetition of rigid male gender roles and male mandates associated with violence, is often maintained as part of a male identity marked by dominance. However, gender socialization, as a process in continuous construction, opens the possibility for male adolescents to question the rigid learning acquired in childhood. It is concluded that adolescents who exercise violence can question themselves and break with previously acquired mandates associated with violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the potential of the socio-cultural space of a traditional folk holiday in the aspect of the formation of value orientations of the younger generation. The urgency of the problem is due to the increased attention to the search for effective ways to form the value orientations of adolescents in modern society, in the system in which the traditional folk holiday culture occupies a special place. A comparative and theoretical analysis of the literature on the research issue is utilized to meet the study's aim. The paper analyzed the state of practical activities of cultural and leisure institutions with adolescents and concluded that the study of the traditional folk holiday as a socio-cultural space for the formation of the personality of adolescents allows justifying its great educational potential in the value-forming process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the protocol developed in Chile to evaluate interventions for adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence and follows CONSORT guidelines (Shulz et al., 2010). The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of two group intervention models (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy) in stabilising the psychosocial functioning of adolescent participants. Methods/Design. It is a randomised controlled trial with three groups: two intervention groups (TF-CBT and IPT) and an active control group (art therapy). The participants will be eighty-four adolescents between 13 to 17 years old on the waiting list for treatment in specialist trauma services. Participants will be assigned to one of three groups and participate in 12 group therapy sessions. Participants' progress in post-traumatic stress and depression symptomatology, self-regulation and interpersonal problems will be assessed. Measures will be administered before the start of the intervention, in sessions six, seven, twelve and two months after the end of the intervention. Adherence to the intervention and its acceptability by the participants will also be evaluated. Discussion. This study seeks to contribute to developing scalable, evidence-based interventions in the Chilean context to improve access to specialist intervention. Trial Registration. 19/05/2021, code ISRCTN10290141. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected the mental health of children and adolescents. In Spain, numerous studies have been carried out about the emotional impact on this population. The objective of this paper is to examine, through a systematic review, the most immediate psychological effects of the pandemic on Spanish children and adolescents and the related variables. A search was conducted, obtaining 356 articles of which 27 met the inclusion criteria. The studies reviewed address emotional problems, emotion-regulation problems, anxiety, depression, and stress in Spanish children and adolescents. An increase in emotional problems during confinement was observed. Differences were found in emotional problems, being generally more common in girls and older children and adolescents. Related variables of a family nature and referred to the pandemic, coping styles, and other psychological problems were examined. These results are relevant to design interventions that can prevent the impact of other similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to explore the role of violent crime on adolescent fertility choices. It reviews the hypothesis that violent crime shortens life expectancy, which leads individuals to make earlier decisions about childbearing. We model the adolescent fertility rate (AFR) for the 10-14 and 15-19 years age groups separately. We use a panel data set for Colombia at department level from 2003 to 2014, using Arellano-Bond estimator with department fixed effects. The empirical findings suggest that crime has a positive effect on AFR among adolescent aged 15-19, and is statistically significant at 10%. The results of this paper contribute to explaining the connection between crime and fertility choices in Colombia. It provides further insight into the different factors affecting AFR, and stimulates public debate on the need to strengthen the country's institutions and to ensure access to quality education and the promotion of early interventions programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore some theoretical and methodological tools for addressing adolescent and youth subjectivities in contexts of rights violations. The theoretical perspective is nourished by the interdisciplinary dialog between psychoanalysis and contributions from philosophy and the social field. The life story of a young woman from a low-income sector, whose biographical experience was marked by precariousness and violence, was analyzed in a detailed and holistic manner. Such analysis explored the twists and turns of existence, transformations in their identity development, the effects of trauma, and the possibilities of building a future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The World Health Organization indicates that gender-based values, attitudes and stereotypes that affect the health and well-being of girls and women around the world need to be eliminated. From personality psychology, scientific studies have shown that traits such as the dark personality triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and moral disengagement increase susceptibility to gender bias, threat, and interpersonal aggression. As a contribution to the design of a personological profile prone to accept and justify sexist attitudes, the main aim of this paper was to study the mediating role of moral disengagement between the dark personality triad and ambivalent sexism in a sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 803 adolescents (M = 15.33, SD = 0.99; 50.3% boys) using convenience sampling to assess ambivalent sexism, dark personality triad and moral disengagement. An analysis of variance and comparison of various mediational models was carried out using the bootstrapping technique. Results: The dark personality triad traits are directly and significantly related to adolescents' hostile and benevolent sexism, and that moral disengagement has a relevant mediating effect on this relationship. Conclusions: Finally, the implications of these findings for the transformation of these gendered beliefs and attitudes that perpetuate discrimination against girls and women are discussed in relation with prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between adolescents and YouTubers, with the aim of understanding the meaning and extent of the impact of following a given YouTuber. The limited scientific research on this subject has noted the importance of aspects such as the type of content in video broadcasts, the state of mind that these figures impress upon adolescents, and the level of proximity and idealization displayed by younger followers. To conduct this study, we developed and validated an ad hoc questionnaire. The results support the dimensions proposed and perpetuate certain gender roles. We conclude it is necessary to develop critical media education, raising awareness among families and teachers of the importance of this issue and the need to foster a critical approach in young people to "following" these new idols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a theoretical reflection on the "hook up" ("ficar" in Portuguese) phenomenon practiced by Brazilian adolescents. It is based on some clinical fragments and vignettes to discuss a discursive form that reflects an unstable mode of libidinal investment that presents itself as a "new form of relationship". Using psychoanalysis as a reference, this study defines "hook up" primarily as a logical time which essential feature is a connection between the social imaginary and the symbolic order, which leads to a reduction of the desire in the former one, constituting both a discursive and an existential "non-place" at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]