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The paper describes a smart home control system, which includes lighting, microclimate and security subsystems, as well as control algorithms for various operating scenarios. The process of the system operation is described in detail, the visualization of the system is presented in the form of a 3d model. The article shows the practical significance of the system, describes its functionality. The work is of undoubted relevance, since the introduction of a house management system can improve conditions of life and achieve high energy efficiency rates. The article presents in detail each element of the control system, namely: a control device, a control object, a set of sensors. On the example of the lighting subsystem, the process of creating the entire automated control system is described. An algorithm for automatic lighting operation is obtained and described. To control the system, a human-machine interface was developed in the OpenHab program. A panel with indicators of the light sensor is presented, its functionality is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the issue of rising electricity demand in the building sector is one of the major challenges. Therefore, the Building Management System (BMS) inside the building. Since the PV, national grid, and diesel generators supplies building electrical power, so the Energy Management System (EMS) technologies are necessary to study the priority of PV to supply building power to save energy. This paper proposes a Smart Building Management System (SBMS) used with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in addition lighting systems. HVAC is controlled with occupancy sensors, temperature control, and load control. Lighting systems are controlled through occupancy sensors and daylight sensors to make them operate to minimize electricity consumption. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) control of the EMS in this work, SBMS and EMS are created and simulated using two case studies to supply public buildings. The first situation is SBMS without EMS and the second situation is SBMS with EMS. Finally, the results showed the impact of SBMS on the reduction of energy consumption for HVAC systems and lighting (20% on summer day and 11% on winter day), as the energy consumption was reduced for both HVAC and lighting by about (54% on a summer day and 44% on a winter day) because we added the scenario of case two to the one scenario case in a public building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industries such as the chemical industry, the oil industry, the steel industry, and the pulp and paper industry, energy systems are the basis of the production process and represent key indicators of the profitability of the process. Energy efficiency in industry is long-term related to technological development and the dynamics of renewal of production capacities. Increasing energy efficiency in the industry leads to a reduction in energy consumption but also reduces the negative impact on the environment. The rise in energy prices, both electricity and other energy sources, and the development of fees for emissions into the environment will mean important economic incentives in efforts to reduce energy consumption and emissions, thus increasing efficiency and the use of renewable sources in the industry. The paper presents several measures that achieve fuel, energy, and air savings in Natron-Hayat Maglaj. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous human activities and a rapidly growing world population are increasing the demand for freshwater. Fresh water production relies heavily on the use of conventional fuels and is associated with environmental pollution, leading to the need to look for other alternatives such as clean energy (solar energy). There are many villages and rural areas in the world without access to clean water. Many desalination systems have been developed to address this shortcoming. This study describes strategies for increasing clean water solar energy productivity that are currently in commercial and experimental development stages. Solar stills are the most prudent method for delivering new water since they just sudden spike in demand for the energy of the sun, which is promptly accessible in nature. The focus is on technologies that can be used independently, especially those that can be integrated into solar thermal systems. The results show that the solar thermal distillation yield is inversely proportional to the basin water depth and is directly related to the wind speed in the absorbing region, the temperature of the glass covers and the incident solar radiation. Add to the technology used inside and outside the system to improve productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the underexplored domain of hydraulic energy harvesters (HEH). Through a literature review, existing designs are identified, aiding in the categorisation of energy conversion technologies and fluid-mechanical interfaces. Recognizing a lack of standardized approaches to testing HEH, the paper proposes a re-configurable test platform. The platform, accommodating diverse configurations, operates at high pressures, aligns with existing hydraulic setups, and functions in static or dynamic modes. This tool aims to assist researchers further explore the implementation of HEHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology for efficient use of spectrum resources, to make it more energy-efficient there is a need for energy harvest cognitive radio networks (EH-CRN). In EH-CRN energy harvest uses ambient energy sources, but the random nature of sources makes the implementation of EH-CRN more difficult. Extensive research is conducted in the past few years to address the issues in the implementation of EH-CRNs. This paper reviews the previous and recent improvements in EH-CRNs and systematically presents the merits and demerits of each. Finally, this review paper is presented to help new researchers and to make them familiar with the concepts of EH- CRNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp and paper mills utilizing the Kraft pulping method demand large amount of water for the manufacturing processes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate opportunities of minimizing fresh water intake within pulp and paper processes by recycle and regeneration of wastewater streams. The compounds of concern are chlorinated salts which have a negative impact on environment and process equipments. Superstructure optimization is applied to synthesize Reverse Osmosis Network (RON) in order to regenerate wastewater streams with reduced salt concentration at minimum cost and to satisfy process water demand. A case study is presented to evaluate potential benefits of RON on minimizing wastewater consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities affected by climate change and those cities' effects contribute to the environmental issue. The effort from the leaders in the national and local authorities is very important. The national level is from the New Urban Agenda (NUA) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Meanwhile, the local authority is implementing the Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF). The gap in this paper is despite the LCCF being readied at a local authority, the constraints identified as data collection, manpower, funding, and lack of management skill in implementing LCCF. This paper aims to study implementing the LCCF and Assessment System for one system approach only in building elements under the LCCF to reduce energy and water consumption at the Headquarters Office of Subang Jaya City Council, Selangor. The objectives of the paper are to study the approaches to reducing energy and water consumption with a performance-based assessment. The methodology of this paper was quantitative for LCCF assessment and compared to the baseline year data. The findingof this paper indicates briefly the action to be undertaken by team members at the local authority for strategies and proposedaction plans. Finally, the local authority is playing a major role in the first initiative to quantum leap the action with a strongcommitment from stakeholders. The LCCF is a very dynamic system that can be applied to different localities with varyingdevelopmental needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high amount of energy consumption in residential buildings can considerably be reduced by adopting passive design strategies (PDS), for its positive impact on the environment by reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions, cost savings and provide occupants' comfort. This paper summarized the outcomes from a structured literature review. Five broad types of PDS were identified, targeting reduced energy consumption, improved comfort, indoor air quality and materials used. The study also revealed sets of motivators and challenges for adopting PDS. The most common challenges to adopting PDS are high initial cost, lack of expertise and lack of rules and regulations. Also, it was found that the key motivators to stimulate the adoption of PDS include energy efficiency, financial benefits and occupant comfort, health and well-being. This will form the basis for exploring the degree of benefits of considering certain PDS features in residential buildings and their consequent selection/use in specific climate zone, with relevant adjustments to incorporate any local context and priority. The outcomes of this paper are also expected to contribute to raising awareness among stakeholders to increasingly practice PDS considering their relevant benefits, and gradually move to their adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fossils are depleting in the present situation which will not be available for the future generation which is a bad situation to be faced by our future generation. It is estimated that existing charging facilities will not be able to satisfy the marvellous charging demands of a vividly increasing number of EVs. They are a lot of methods to charge an EV. In this paper, we are using solar energy for charging. This paper projected an approach to efficiently decide the locations and sizes of solar energy-assisted charging stations. This paper shows optimal strategies for the in-home energy management system (HEMS) integrating solar power, energy storage, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability for predetermined scenarios. This paper also says the present scenario of EV India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the EU's perspective, energy efficiency is one of the most effective ways to reduce energy consumption and contribute to the fight against climate change. Recent studies have shown that energy efficiency alone is not sufficient to achieve sustainable development goals. The real challenge is to combine energy efficiency with energy sobriety. This work aims at raising a debate about the relationship between energy efficiency and energy sobriety and at studying how the principle of sobriety works. In particular, the objective of this paper is to investigate how the principle of sobriety is expressed in the acts of private autonomy and to show how civil law relationships, inspired by the principle of energy sobriety and thus subject to a positive "control of merit", can contribute to a bottom-up, just and inclusive energy transition and to adaptation to climate change, in accordance with the objectives of the European Green Deal, the EU Adaptation Strategy and, more generally, the UN 2030 Agenda (Goals 7, 11, 13). This paper uses legal institutes and arguments of "civil law and constitutional legality" applied to energy and links them to real-life experiences with a normative approach. The work also has to be considered as the outcome of an empirical analysis of two case studies: L'Aquila Rugby Association, Centre Italy; Cooperativa di Comunità in Melpignano, Southern Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MANET nodes have restricted energy supply and the dynamic nature of these nodes makes minimizing energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime a top priority. Besides, the network experiences irregular node connections, node transmission ability, etc. So, for increasing the lifetime and transmission capability of data in MANET, the selection of the best node and optimal route is necessary throughout the data transmission and processing. This paper presents a novel Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based Flow Direction routing algorithm to minimize energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime by cluster head selection and optimal routing. The nodes nearer to the destination are selected as the cluster head by the Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA) based on minimal distance and maximum residual energy. The state-of-art techniques simply integrated the routing metrics which will not always lead to an efficient optimal routing decision that will be accurate. Hence this paper incorporates the fuzzy logic controller to select the MANET node position, link quality, bandwidth, and mobility parameters to take an optimal routing decision. The results show that the proposed model minimizes the Bit error rate and energy consumption up to 97% and 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elucidates the multifaceted capabilities of the 9-Watt LED illuminator, a paradigm of technological sophistication in the lighting industry. Combining advanced LED technology, precision engineering, and ecoconscious design, these compact yet powerful luminaries offer luminous efficacy that surpasses their incandescent and CFL counterparts. The 9W LED illuminator not only exhibits a marked reduction in energy consumption but also boasts a longevity exceeding 25,000 hours, thus contributing to a smaller carbon footprint and a sustainable future. Additionally, these LED lights exhibit versatility, adaptable to various settings, and offering a range of light tones for tailored ambiances. The paper further explores their driver circuit performance, chromaticity characteristics, safety aspects, and heat management. Ultimately, the 9W LED bulb is presented as more than just a product of advanced technology; it is a symbol of our collective dedication to sustainability and a beacon of progress in the lighting industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently with the rapid growth of solar energy, solar photovoltaics generation technology has been disturbed as many perilous issues. The conventional power grid is initial to substitute, since the renewable energy is demanded in particular solar PV power. Therefore, the power quality of PV grid connected has been inspecting for example grid control strategy, controller design, and the aspects of filter selection. In this paper, the electric performs for example, power quantity, voltage profile, and current waveforms is simulated in order to appreciate during connecting the grid voltage with number of solar PV models. This paper stages the simulation model based on the local load and irradiance profiles. Also, the output of solar PV power can be estimated with the time series output that is useful for investigating the possibility of implementing PV power source to grid with other conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A baseline in fuel economy is the indicator from which to start to evaluate consumption and raise awareness of the current state. Since what is not measured cannot be improved, the determination of a baseline helps to locate a starting point to establish further goals and best practices based on actual behavior. This paper explores and reviews the studies for fuel economy to determine the measurement and analysis methods that aim to the construction of fuel consumption and/or gas emission baselines by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR). The overview of literature published globally in the last ten years shows hardly any research focused on HDVs, as well as few investigations reporting gross and load weight values. Studies committed to measuring fuel consumption and/or gas emissions show small sample sizes due to limitations in scope related to the methods used, explaining the tendency to make estimates through statistical and estimation tools. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that by abounding in the methods and the literature itself, the recent interest in expanding the sample sizes in line with the precision of the data, has presented new techniques for the measurement and estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing cost of energy and the demand of reducing the environmental footprints, energy saving is becoming an important subject in the industry operation. To realize the energy consumption optimization of papermaking, the energy model should be established while the product quality and process model also need to be constructed, which are taken as the constraints for optimization. This paper describes the identification of a forming section of paper machines with Multilayer Perception (MLP) Neural Networks. The process model, product quality model and energy consumption model are established for the energy saving in papermaking. The real industrial step tests are performed and the data are used to model training and validation. The models are validated by means of mean-squared error (MSE), fit measure and Akaike's Final Prediction Error (FPE). The results show the effectiveness of the established models, which are suitable for the next work of energy optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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The issue of energy self-sufficiency is currently crucial. The concept of energy selfsufficiency is closely related to the concept of energy security; yet, there are many definitions for the term energy security. The essence of all of them is for a country to secure enough energy resources to cover its needs. If a country can secure these resources on its own without depending on imports from other countries, one refers to energy self-sufficiency. Energy self-sufficiency can be achieved in a number of ways such as reducing energy demand, improving fuel efficiency, securing physical infrastructure networks, increasing storage capacity, or increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Fundamental forms of energy self-sufficiency are external self-sufficiency, internal selfsufficiency, and energy consumption; overall, energy self-sufficiency consists of four components: availability; affordability; energy and economic efficiency; and environmental stewardship. Low energy self-sufficiency has a significant economic and social impact, which is reflected in a country's balance of payments and employment, it can lead to economic crises and price instability. Lack of access to reliable and affordable energy can result in food insecurity; health problems; limited access to education, social and economic development. The linkages between energy, food self-sufficiency, and self-sufficiency of water resources are considered in terms of the so-called WEF Nexus (Water-Energy-Food Nexus) that focuses on the interconnectedness of water, energy and food systems to promote sustainable development and address global climate change. Based on the application of scientific methods in relation to the investigation of energy self-sufficiency (the "E" Matrix in the framework of the WEF Nexus) on the background of quantitative & qualitative sustainable development and CSR trends, the main aim of our paper is to assess energy self-sufficiency in the context of the WEF nexus as well as in the light of the United Nations 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to formulate opportunities arising from the European Union Recovery and Resilience Plans. When documenting quantitative & qualitative sustainable development trends in the context of the WEF Nexus, our paper addressed the United Nations 2030 Agenda (alias "SDG diplomacy") as well as the NextGenerationEU Agenda (alias "Green Deal diplomacy"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers synthesis of the law of controlling the Lunar Descent Module deceleration in the problem of soft safe high-precision landing on the Moon surface, which is necessary to ensure operation of modern research missions. Relay control law with one switching and constant fuel consumption is considered. This law makes it possible to use an engine with low throttling degree. In this case, fuel consumption remains constant throughout the entire deceleration period, and the thrust angle is changed only once. It is demonstrated that for calculating the control parameters, it becomes possible to construct a numerical method capable of operating in real time and providing high Moon landing accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the overview of the new worldwide actualities and developments on the field of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy use. Both, the solar cell and module technologies are to be discussed including their introduction possibilities and applications. The situation is mainly analyzed based on the recent development shown intensively at the Solar World Congresses organized by the International Solar Energy Society, and also by the ISES-Europe Unit. Moreover, the most recently published yearbooks in this topic served also a basic source to the overall statements. The most important standpoints of the PV manufacturing and applications are as: solar photovoltaic scenarios, PV industry characterization, new PV innovation segments, PV market issues and new PV applications areas. It includes increasing trend in energy mix, decreasing cell and module prices, cell efficiency increase, competition between different technologies, multi-Gigawatts applications, widening feed-in tariff system. At the same time, due to the growing market demand of solar photovoltaic applications, several new issues came to the light, transparency and extra size of modules, application of new technologies. In this paper examples are shown for photovoltaic application possibilities in the sense of mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to recent changes in IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) and energy efficiency requirements, MVHR (Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery) has become increasingly common in Spanish new build dwellings. Regarding acoustics, Spanish Decree RD 1367/2007 sets out limits for sound pressure levels due to building services and describes the noise measurement and assessment procedure, which applies also to ventilation noise. The assessment procedure consists of a series of measurements of different noise parameters and the calculation of corrections due to tonal, low frequency and impulsive components. This paper shows an example of a MVHR fan unit installed in the ceiling of a common dwelling, where some measurements were performed. Based on these measurements, this paper discusses the noise measurement and assessment procedures and proposes some improvements for the Spanish acoustic regulations. In addition, it also analyses the available calculation methods (ASHRAE and VDI 2081) and their application to comply with Spanish requirements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy consumption in the building operation stage accounts for about 20% of the total energy consumption of the building's whole life cycle, among the energy consumption, the air-conditioning system accounts for the largest proportion, significantly contributing to 50% of the energy consumption. In the conventional method in the air conditioning control system, a constant target temperature is usually set. However, due to the real-time changes in environmental parameters and personnel activities, the energy consumption of buildings and the comfort of users will also change accordingly. This paper studies the optimization of air conditioning energy consumption under dynamic conditions, comprehensively adopts technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), computer simulation, and meta-heuristic algorithms to adjust the control parameters of the air conditioner in real-time according to the on-site situation, to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption and improving comfort. The building air-conditioning energy-saving optimization solution proposed in this paper takes into account real-time, adaptability and accuracy. According to the actual comparison, the energy consumption is reduced by about 10%, and the comfort satisfaction degree is increased by about 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third-generation biomass has appeared as another alternative to first- and second-generation biomass for biohydrogen production. At present, its utilization is very less due to the many reasons that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation and photo fermentation process. To enhance the efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is important that aspects related to production and the following processes are elaborated. Increasing global energy demands have driven the utilization of renewable sources such as biomass. Biomass pyrolysis in the presence of a catalyst is one of the ways for producing renewable hydrocarbon fuels or commodity chemicals. Most of the papers on biomass CP have concentrated on a summary of catalyst classification, properties, and performance based on product yields and oil quality. Mainly the information on biomass CP process effects of different reaction atmospheres has not been discussed in sufficient detail. This paper provides essential process factors and system structure of the lignocellulosic biomass CP with emphasis on process performance as bio-oils effective hydrogen to carbon ratios deoxygenation degree, carbon efficiency and energy efficiency. The maximum gasification energy efficiency and optimum temperature increased with the increase of biomass heating, value and decrease of moisture content. For 30% moisture content biomass and 25°C gasification agent, the maximum gasification energy efficiency is 71.06%. The results of biomass type, moisture content, and gasification agent temperature have effects on gasification energy efficiency, synthesis gas composition and its low heating value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to observe the possible future desalination techniques. Currently, the different types of technologies are proposed by the desalination industry. The number of RO applied worldwide increased over other desalination methods. In PLN, RO represents 39% of the total installed capacity, about 31% is provided by MSF, and MED units produce 30%. Therefore, this paper discussed the opportunities and challenges of desalination plants by reviewing the published papers and based on application experience in PLN. The traditional review method is used by summarizing previously published on-topic, further elaborating with PLN research in 2017 according to the context of this study. The results reveal that membrane, corrosion, and fouling are common problems in applying RO globally and based on practice in PLN. Meanwhile, the significant issues in thermal processes are problems with the instrument, pumps, and electrical systems. Optimization in material use, the mechanical design of evaporator systems, and performance rates are the main areas of improvement in thermal. These improvements are expected to reduce the energy demand of thermal processes due to the consumption of energy for thermal is higher than RO. Emerging trends in desalination innovation are also described in this paper. Since climate change has urged the energy transition worldwide by increasing the adoption of renewable energy for both electricity supply and direct use, renewable energy with desalination for future purposes has become a significant choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]