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School rating websites are increasingly used by parents to assess the quality and fit of U.S. K-12 schools for their children. These online reviews often contain detailed descriptions of a school's strengths and weaknesses, which both reflect and inform perceptions of a school. Existing work on these text reviews has focused on finding words or themes that underlie these perceptions, but has stopped short of using the textual reviews as leading indicators of school performance. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the language used in online reviews of a school is predictive of changes in the attributes of that school, such as its socio-economic makeup and student test scores. Using over 300K reviews of 70K U.S. schools from a popular ratings website, we apply language processing models to predict whether schools will significantly increase or decrease in an attribute of interest over a future time horizon. We find that using the text improves predictive performance significantly over a baseline model that does not include text but only the historical time-series of the indicators themselves, suggesting that the review text carries predictive power. A qualitative analysis of the most predictive terms and phrases used in the text reviews indicates a number of topics that serve as leading indicators, such as diversity, changes in school leadership, a focus on testing, and school safety.

Recognizing the limitations of the existing frameworks and models applied to estimate the learning loss caused by COVID-19 across the world by different studies, and the urgent need for estimating such loss at the different education levels, this paper, employs the Education Value Chain Analysis ( EVCA) approach as a new paradigm, attempts to develop and examine a more comprehensive and practical framework that would assist estimating the learning loss, determine its position(s) in the education system and the root causes behind its occurrence. The proposed framework seems to be superior, compared to the existing ones, in estimating learning loss. That would provide sufficient information to help in introducing effective measures and interventions to deal with such loss. For example, the framework would assist in estimating the loss that occurs within the main components of the education system (i.e., Input, process, and outcome). Besides, it helps estimate the loss of different education levels. In addition, the information provided by the framework would help determine the root causes of the learning loss. Hence. provides a checklist of the policy actions, informs the cost-effectiveness of policy interventions, and captures education system efficiency, effectiveness, and quality. Future studies are needed to validate and examine the applicability and usefulness of the proposed framework. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]

Teachers often rely on curricular materials as support for implementing reform-based science practices and as educative materials to continue developing ways in which they teach and approach science. Therefore, it is important to understand how teachers develop and use curricular materials and how they learn from their experiences. However, we lack deeper dives into longitudinal relationships that teachers have with curricular materials. This study explores the ways a teacher designs and adapts curriculum over three years. The study tracks the teacher's involvement in co-designing curricular materials alongside other teachers, researchers, and curriculum designers and adapting and using these materials in her own classroom. This study will trace curricular values that the teacher uses to guide her relationships with the curriculum and the adaptations she chooses to make for her own classroom context. The study focuses on a moment in class that the teacher was particularly proud of because it created a palpable shift in the students' engagement with the content she was teaching. This study aims to draw a narrative of this teacher's journey across her three years of writing and adapting materials she was using. [This paper was published in: "Hawaii International Conference on Education Proceedings 2024."]

The 10th Triennial World Conference of the World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI) was held September 10-15, 2001 in Madrid, Spain. The theme of the conference was "Cultures of Peace." Thirty-four papers and presentations are divided into nine sections. Part I, Tributes to the Founders of WCCI, includes: (1) Tribute to Alice Miel (Louise Berman); and (2) Tribute to Maxine Dunfee (Norman Overly). Part II, Promoting Dialogue about Cultures of Peace, includes: (3) Counting All, Ignoring None: Problems and Promises for a Culture of Peace (Piyush Swami); and (4) Quality Education: Educational Personalization and Social Pertinence (Ramon Perez Juste). Part III, Reflecting on the Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors that Inspire Peaceful Social Interaction and Sharing, includes: (5) Pedagogy of the Spirit: Creating Pathways to Peace (Diane Lee); (6) Knowledge and Curriculum: Diversity and Stability (Jagdish Gundara); (7) Sources of Values and Their Influence on Teachers' Practices (Vivienne Collinson); and (8) Fostering a Culture of Peace through Education (Panna Akhani). Part IV, Exploring Reasons for Conflict, includes: (9) The Voices of Victims of Torture, the International Community, and Educating for Peace (Matin Royeen); (10) Teacher Education Students' Perceptions and Views about Equity and Discrimination in Universities in Ankara, Turkey (Hasan Huseyin Aksoy); (11) Formation of Pre-Peace Values through Social Cognition (Martina Navarro); (12) Towards the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence (Lydia Fernandes.); (13) Peace and Human Rights: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in India (Ragini Didolkar and Panna Akhani); and (14) The Relationship between Conflict Management Styles Used by School Principals and Job Satisfaction Levels of Teachers (Ali Ilker Gumuseli). Part V, Curriculum Practice to Create Peaceful Classrooms and Schools, includes: (15) The Renaissance Group: One Institution's Response to the Principles that Support Diversity and Peace in Teacher Preparation Curricula (Shirley Stennis-Williams); (16) Cross-cultural Counseling: Problems and Prospects (Elvira Repetto); (17) Curriculum on Peace (Jean Benton); (18) The International Educational Initiatives K-12 Curriculum: A Road to Peace and Moral Leadership (Judith Johnson and Michael Higgins); (19) Research and Development of a Cooperative Learning Model of Whole School Learning Reform in Chieng Mai, Thailand (Ranumas Ma-oon); (20) The Socio-Cultural Animator and Interpersonal Mediation (Maria Angeles Hernando Sanz); (21) Enhancing the Appreciation of Pre-Service Teachers for Religious Diversity (Kathleen Conway); and (22) Managing Violent Behavior in the Secondary Schools: A European Perspective (Leslie Caul and Sandra McWilliams). Part VI, Developing Social Awareness and Conscience in Children, includes: (23) The Way of the Hero: Children's Understandings of Social Responsibility (Roxana Della Vecchia); and (24) Using Children's Literature to Promote Equity, Peace, and Universal Realization of Human Rights (Judy Leavell and Nancy Ramos-Machail). Part VII, Contributing to the Development of Peaceful Communities, includes: (25) A Story of the Peace Boat: A Strategy for Creating A Culture of Peace (Ayako Ogawa); (26) An Interprofessional Collaboration Model: Cultivating Healthy Communities (Berta Gonzalez); and (27) Teaching Strategies to Promote Collaboration with the Local Community in the Development of a Curriculum which Cultivate the Ideal of Harmonious Coexistence (Quintina Martin-Moreno Cerrillo). Part VIII, Creating Curriculum to Preserve the Balance of Nature on the Planet, includes: (28) Waste Management and Environmental Education: Some Imperatives Towards a Culture of Peace (Basilisa Camacho); (29) A Study of Environmental-relevant Components of University Science Teacher Education in Nigeria and Zimbabwe for the 21st Century (Busari Olanitemi O. Elizabeth); (30) Misconceptions Held by Elementary Education Majors Regarding Three Environmental Issues (Tahsin Khalid); and (31) Effects of Learning by Using Storyline Methods on Environmental Science Learning Achievement and Satisfaction Towards Instruction of Upper Secondary School Students (Pimpan Dachakupt and Payao Yindeesuk). Part IX, Creating New Forms of Solidarity and Communication through Technology, includes: (32) The Educational Use of International Mass Media for Teaching Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution Strategies (Wilesse Freeman Comissiong); (33) Report on Global Strategies: Bridging Education, Technology and Human Performance Divides through Digital Equity (Joyce Pittman); and (34) Learning Across the Continents: Using Internet Technology to Promote Multicultural Understandings and Communication (Jeffry Gordon and Johanna Looye). (Individual papers contain references.)

In the study of focus in this paper, I analyze the curricular experiences of fifth- through eighth-grade culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) Latina learners in their English Language Arts (ELA) dual language gifted and talented education (GATE) program. This research aims to understand the curricular experiences of CLD students participating in DL GATE coursework to comprehend how to support the ELA academic achievement of CLD students in GATE. In this paper, I discuss student experience with the coursework and contemplate how the inclusion of culturally sustaining practices (CSP) might improve CLD student engagement as well as language and literacy in GATE programming.

This document presents the proceedings of the 20th Annual Research Forum held June 25, 2015, at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Included are the following 21 action research papers: (1) History Lives! The Use of Simulations in a High School Social Studies Classroom (Lydia Adkins); (2) Using Francophone Music in the High School French Class (Virginia Browne); (3) Fostering Public Speaking through Pecha Kucha in the High School English Classroom (Robert Ciarrocca); (4) Choosing to Read: Scaffolding Pre-Choice, Choice, and Post-Choice Reading of Student-Selected Texts (Quentin Collie); (5) Supporting Students to Ask Scientific Questions in a Biology Project-Based Learning Unit (Alexandria Packard Dell'Aringa); (6) Using Hispanic Music in the Secondary Spanish Classroom (Sarah DeMatte); (7) American Girl Rising: The Effects of Incorporating Inspirational Video into the Secondary Mathematics Classroom (Thomas Flood); (8) History as a Pathway to Social Justice Engagement (Brandon Hubbard-Heitz); (9) Constructing Explanations: How Teachers Can Support Students in Extracting Scientific Evidence from Documentaries (Rachel Key); (10) The Long and Short of It: The Effects of Sudden Fiction in the Secondary English Classroom (Rachel Koval); (11) Reflecting on Revision: Student Reflection and Metacognitive Awareness in the Writing Process (Stephen Langford); (12) Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Public Secondary Social Studies Class (Jacob D. Leonard); (13) Solving with Reflection: The Use of Writing in a Secondary Mathematics Course (Austin J. Love, III); (14) Problem Posing in the High School Mathematics Classroom (Jennifer Mastin); (15) Oral Presentations and the Writing Process: Improving Students' Confidence through Sharing Writing (Julia Means); (16) Exploring the Relationship between Student Filmmaking Projects and Motivation Levels in a History Classroom (Cody Puckett); (17) The Influence of Student Constructed Historical Fiction Narratives on Student Engagement and Understanding of History (John A. Reynolds, II); (18) Use of Pre-Reading Strategies in Facilitating Reading Comprehension of Authentic Texts in the Secondary Spanish Classroom (Dara Rosenkrantz); (19) The Effects of Introversion and Extroversion on Whole-Class Discussion (Lindsay Schneider); (20) Use of Authentic Film in a Secondary Spanish Classroom to Develop Language Ability and Cultural Knowledge (Spencer A. Willis); and (21) Inquiry before Instruction: How the Use of Mathematical Questioning before Presenting Methodology Affects Student Attitude and Performance (Kalyn A. Wyckoff). (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For the 2014 Research Digest, see ED545622.]

Included are 11 papers presented at the 1976 annual meeting of the National Association for Environmental Education. Papers include classroom activities, teaching value clarification, community education programs, curriculum considerations, and quality of life discussions. (RH)

This book consists of eleven papers presented at the 1974 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. The papers are intended to be representative of the spirit, content, and theme of the Conference: "Foreign Language Teaching: A Kaleidoscopic Perspective." The underlying theme deals with a question that concerns many language teachers today: how to make the foreign language curriculum relevant to the present generation of students. The following papers are included in the volume: (1) "Humanism in the Classroom: A Dramatic Proposal," by Genelle Morain: (2) "The Making of a Precedent: Foreign Language Education and the American Bicentennial," by Howard B. Altman; (3) "Talking with My Son: An Example of Communicative Competence," by Sandra J. Savignon (not included in the filmed version, available as ED 090 794); (4) "Careers for Our Foriegn Language Graduates," by Barbara Rolland; (5) "Capturing Student Interest with Visuals," by Jermaine D. Arendt; (6) "Fifteen-Year-Old Students Can Do Cross-Cultural Research: Basic Inquiry Strategies and Exercises for Teachers and Pupils," by Frederick L. Jenks; (7) "Building Better Bridges in a Kaleidoscopic Society," by Arno G. Preller; (8) "Los Olvidados: Meeting Bilingual Education Student Needs at the Secondary School Level," by Anthony Gradisnik; (9) "Variety in the Advanced Spanish Class: Emphasis on Art, Music and Drama," by George Giannetti; (10) Creating Climates for Growth - Inservice Training," by Sue Reynolds (not included in the filmed version, available as ED 013 989); and (11) "Martial's'Portraits' of Roman Women: Roman Noses, Warts, and All," by Lorraine A. Strasheim. (CFM)

Half of this paper is the text of a lecture based on the author's philosophy of career education and stimulated program development, which he indicates was formulated during years of rapid change in our high schools. From his experiences as principal and instructional leader he draws conclusions regarding (1) common learnings which remain the heart of the curriculum (communication skills, quantitative skills, and the American heritage, history, and culture), (2) the need for career awareness programs to be a part of the curriculum from K-12, and (3) the need for community-advisory councils established to assist in planning and implementing programs in career awareness, consumer awareness, and vocational entry-work skill programs. The second half of this paper consists of the author's answers to five questions from the audience of educational research and development personnel. (HD)

Compiled are ten papers describing computer hardware and computer use in elementary and secondary school instruction presented at the Association for Educational Data Systems (AEDS) 1976 convention. An oral/aural terminal is described followed by two papers about the use of minicomputers and microprocessors. Seven papers discuss various uses of the computer in elementary and high school instruction: a computer can be used to plot and display conic sections and environmental designs, to help teach reading skills, and to generate tests or homework exercises. One paper recommends the use of games in computerized drills, and another explains computerized demonstration of some mathematics principles. The importance of the school computer coordinator is outlined by the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium. (CH)

This paper reports the current status of women in science and engineering careers. Statistical data comparing women with men in various subject areas are presented, with graphs at these various levels: (1) precollege; (2) bachelor's degrees; (3) graduate school; (4) master's degrees; (5) doctoral degrees; and (6) labor force. Most of the statistical data show the trend over years. The obstacles on the way to a science career are explored, using the presented data. Encouraging women to participate in science and engineering areas, equal treatment in school and the workplace, shared responsibility for home and family, and a change in societal attitudes towards girls and women are recommended. (YP)

In Australia, all teachers are expected to explicitly attend to numeracy in the subjects they teach. Pre-service teachers, therefore, need to begin to develop effective numeracy teaching strategies but there is a limited research base to inform the design of courses that address this need. This paper reports on findings from a study investigating the impact of one such course. The paper draws on data from two pre-service teachers: two course tasks completed at the beginning of the course and interviews conducted at the end of the course. Data were analysed using the 21st Century Numeracy Model. Findings suggest there were changes to the pre-service teachers' understanding of numeracy and their capacity to embed numeracy in the subjects they will teach.

This paper emerges from a broader study that investigated the strategies employed by teachers to continue mathematics teaching and learning during South Africa's COVID-19 lockdowns and through subsequent phased and partial re-opening of schools. In this paper, we focus on teacher views of the role of parents in these efforts gathered through two questionnaires administered from 2020 to 2021. Twenty-five Grade 4-7 mathematics teachers from schools in the Eastern Cape province took part in the study. We address the question: What were teacher perspectives on the role of parents in the continuation of mathematics teaching and learning during COVID-19 and the gradual reopening of schools? We explore the teacher responses and show how the pandemic context provided a stimulus to forge stronger teacher-parent relationships and opened opportunities for productive ways of extending mathematics learning almost exclusively undertaken in the classroom into homes.

Mathematics self-efficacy is considered an important variable in mathematics education because of its links to mathematics achievement. This paper reports on the development of the "Self-efficacy-effort in Mathematics Scale" (SEEMS), an instrument that has strong theoretical and psychometric properties. Based on a sample of n = 224 Australian primary students and n =133 secondary students, the instrument demonstrated positive correlations with related measures of mathematics achievement and mathematics self-concept. Girls had higher mathematics achievement within the primary and secondary school data. There were no significant gender difference in mathematic self-concept scores for the primary and the secondary school students. For mathematics self-efficacy, a gender difference was only identified in the high school data. The implications of this research to mathematics education practices are reviewed in the paper.

This paper explores the correlation between mental calculation performance and the frequency of using written algorithms in mental calculation tasks. Mental calculation is a mathematical tool used in everyday life situations during and after our formal education. After presenting an overview of the professional literature on this topic, the paper will present calculation methods and show how represented they are in the Curriculum. For the empirical part of the research, a total of 233 Croatian students aged 10 to 22 years were tested and interviewed. The previously mentioned correlation was then analyzed. An overview of the interview results will be presented as well. It was found that school mathematics does not always contribute to the development and flexibility in using mental calculation strategies because of the student preference for acquired written algorithms. Definitely, recommendation is shifting the focus from written calculation and procedures to the mental, discussing the associated strategies and different concepts of number. In this way, formal education could contribute to what students really need later on, in both private and professional situations in which they may find themselves on a daily basis. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

The notion that educators are committed to effective facilitation of racial integration in secondary schools has become the keystone in developing a socially just schooling system in South Africa. This paper sets out to determine the role educators play in the transformation of schools towards racial integration, as well as their nature and perception in facilitating racial integration in the truest sense. Findings emanating from this research indicate that the striking down of the policies and educational system of the Apartheid regime has propelled educators from segregated backgrounds into teaching learners from different racially diverse backgrounds. Similarly, most learners for the first time are being taught by racially diverse educators. A qualitative framework is used to investigate firsthand experiences of managing racial integration in relation to educators and school management, and their role in determining successful racial integration in secondary schools in South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to prepare educators with the accumulative knowledge, understanding and tenets of the Critical Race Theory (CRT) on how to create opportunities for decolonising classroom content and practice as well as addressing the weaknesses in previous approaches to racially integrate learners in desegregated schools. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]

This paper aims to demonstrate how a South African secondary school responded to the negative impact of COVID-19 and still ensures quality education. This paper's final objective is to link this experience to the theme of this book focusing on the next epoch of education. The paper commences with an orientation and autobiographical reflection on the case study-school (cs-school). The findings revealed how this school adopted and established an online digital education solution to ensure the continuation of effective teaching and learning amid, as well as after the pandemic. However, the findings also indicate challenges that this school experienced. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]

The paper focuses on the influence of technology on communication between teachers and parents through electronic diaries. Theoretically, the paper is based on action-network theory and its understanding that non-human and human actors build a network of relationships. By using a qualitative research approach, including interviews with principals, teachers, and creators of the e-diaries, as well as focus groups with parents and students in several Bulgarian schools, opinions of the different stakeholders are explored in depth. The results show that communication is lacking or is really rare through electronic diaries or it can be one-sided, without the parents' possibility to reply to teachers. It is argued that the level of participation of parents in the educational process is low. Most parents and teachers do not really see the need to be more involved or to communicate through the diaries. If educational reforms and especially measures to increase parents' level of involvement are to be undertaken, they should take into consideration parents' understanding of the educational process and their views on how they could be more actively involved and how they could contribute to the overall change in the educational system and a more effective teaching and learning process. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]

It is particularly important to identify and address issues of fairness and equity in educational contexts as academic performance can have large impacts on the types of opportunities that are made available to students. While it is always the hope that educators approach student assessment with these issues in mind, there are a number of factors that likely impact how a teacher approaches the scoring of student work. Particularly in cases where the assessment of student work requires subjective judgment, as in the case of open-ended answers and essays, contextual information such as how the student has performed in the past, general perceptions of the student, and even other external factors such as fatigue may all influence how a teacher approaches assessment. While such factors exist, however, it is not always clear how these may introduce bias, nor is it clear whether such bias poses measurable risks to fairness and equity. In this paper, we examine these factors in the context of the assessment of student answers to open response questions from middle school mathematics learners. We observe how several factors such as context and fatigue correlate with teacher-assigned grades and discuss how learning systems may support fair assessment. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computers in Education," edited by S. Iyer et al., Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education, 2022.]

These proceedings contain the papers of the 11th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2014), October 25-27, 2014, which has been organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) and endorsed by the Japanese Society for Information and Systems in Education (JSISE). The CELDA 2014 conference aims to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The conference included the Keynote Lecture: "Designing Learning Environments in a Digital Age: The Quest for What to Consider," by Professor Jan Elen, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Belgium. The conference included a panel entitled: "Competencies, Challenges, and Changes: A Global Conversation About 21st Century Teachers and Leaders" by Lynne Schrum, Rose Dolan, Dirk Ifenthaler, Ronghuai Huang, Dale Niederhauser, and Neal Strudler. Papers in the proceedings include: (1) Interactive Application in Spanish Sign Language for a Public Transport Environment (José Guillermo Viera-Santana, Juan C. Hernández-Haddad, Dionisio Rodríguez-Esparragón, and Jesús Castillo-Ortiz); (2) A Game-Based Assessment of Students' Choices to Seek Feedback and to Revise (Maria Cutumisu, Doris B. Chin, and Daniel L. Schwartz); (3) Investigating Teachers' Readiness, Understanding and Workload in Implementing School Based Assessment (SBA) (Norsamsinar Samsudin, Premila A/P Rengasamy, Jessnor Elmy Mat Jizat, Hariyaty Ab Wahid, and Norasibah Abdul Jalil; (4) The Effects of Frequency of Media Utilization on Decision Making of Media Choice (Yasushi Gotoh); (5) Comparing Novices & Experts in Their Exploration of Data in Line Graphs (Bruce H. Tsuji and Gitte Lindgaard); (6) Assessment Intelligence in Small Group Learning (Wanli Xing and Yonghe Wu); (7) Collaborative Creativity Processes in a Wiki: A Study in Secondary Education (Manoli Pifarré, Laura Marti, and Alex Guijosa); (8) LSQuiz: A Collaborative Classroom Response System to Support Active Learning Through Ubiquitous Computing (Ricardo Caceffo and Rodolfo Azevedo); (9) Impacts of MediaWiki on Collaborative Writing Among Teacher Students (Said Hadjerrouit); (10) Teachers' Perceptions of the Individual Case Studies' Literacy Performance and Their Use of Computer Tools (Odette Bourjaili Radi); (11) Exploring Opportunities to Boost Adult Students' Graduation--The Reasons Behind the Delays and Drop-Outs of Graduation (Päivi Aarreniemi-Jokipelto and Asta Bäck; (12) Effective Use of a Learning Management System to Influence On-Line Learning (Xu Hongjiang, Sakthi Mahenthiran, and Kenton Smith); (13) Order Effects of Learning with Modeling and Simulation Software on Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Children's Cognitive Performance: An Interaction Effect (Charoula Angeli, Nicos Valanides, Eirini Polemitou, and Elena Fraggoulidou); (14) Comparative Case Study on Designing and Applying Flipped Classroom at Universities (Cheolil Lim, Sunyoung Kim, Jihyun Lee, Hyeonsu Kim, and Hyeongjong Han); (15) Organizational Leadership Process for University Education (Ricardo Llamosa-Villalba, Dario J. Delgado, Heidi P. Camacho, Ana M. Paéz, and Raúl F. Valdivieso); (16) Academic versus Non-Academic Emerging Adult College Student Technology Use (Joan Ann Swanson and Erica Walker); (17) Creative Stories: A Storytelling Game Fostering Creativity (Antonis Koukourikos, Pythagoras Karampiperis, and George Panagopoulos); (18) An EVS Clicker Based Hybrid Assessment to Engage Students with Marking Criteria (Steve Bennett, Trevor Barker, and Mariana Lilley); (19) ICT Competence-Based Learning Object Recommendations for Teachers (Stylianos Sergis, Panagiotis Zervas, and Demetrios G. Sampson); (20) Improving Content Area Reading Comprehension with 4-6th Grade Spanish ELLs Using Web-Based Structure Strategy Instruction (Kausalai [Kay] Wijekumar, Bonnie J.F. Meyer, and Puiwa Lei); (21) Preparing Special Education Teachers to Use Educational Technology to Enhance Student Learning (Teresa Wallace and David Georgina); (22) ASK4Labs: A Web-Based Repository for Supporting Learning Design Driven Remote and Virtual Labs Recommendations (Panagiotis Zervas, Stefanos Fiskilis, and Demetrios G. Sampson); (23) Digital Storytelling: Emotions in Higher Education (Sandra Ribeiro, António Moreira, and Cristina Pinto da Silva); (24) Design in Practice: Scenarios for Improving Management Education (Lee Schlenker and Sébastien Chantelot); (25) Factors Influencing Students' Choice of Study Mode: An Australian Case Study (Dirk Ifenthaler, Maree Gosper, Matthew Bailey, and Mandy Kretzschmar); (26) Addressing Standardized Testing Through a Novel Assessment Model (Catherine C. Schifter and Martha Carey); (27) "It's Just Like Learning, Only Fun"--A Teacher's Perspective of Empirically Validating Effectiveness of a Math App (Ka Rene Grimes); (28) A User Centered Faculty Scheduled Development Framework (Shohreh Hadian and Nancy Sly); (29) Musical Peddy-Paper: A Collaborative Learning Activity Supported by Augmented Reality (José Duarte Cardoso Gomes, Mauro Jorge Guerreiro Figueiredo, Lúcia da Graça Cruz Domingues Amante, and Cristina Maria Cardoso Gomes); (30) Undergraduate Students' Experiences of Time in a MOOC: A Term of Dino 101 (Catherine Adams and Yin Yin); (31) The Answering Process for Multiple-Choice Questions in Collaborative Learning: A Mathematical Learning Model Analysis (Yasuyuki Nakamura, Shinnosuke Nishi, Yuta Muramatsu, Koichi Yasutake, Osamu Yamakawa, and Takahiro Tagawa); (32) Using Five Stage Model to Design of Collaborative Learning Environments in Second Life (Sevil Orhan and M. Kemal Karaman); (33) Students' Reflections Using Visualized Learning Outcomes and E-Portfolios (Takatsune Narumi and Yasushi Gotoh); (34) The Efficiency of Different Online Learning Media--An Empirical Study (Franziska J. Kößler and Marco M. Nitzschner); (35) Microblogging Best Practices (Shohreh Hadian and Maria-Elena Froese); (36) DIY Analytics for Postsecondary Students (Timothy Arndt and Angela Guercio); (37) Project "Flappy Crab": An Edu-Game for Music Learning (Cristina Maria Cardoso Gomes, Mauro Jorge Guerreiro Figueiredo, José Bidarra, and José Duarte Cardoso Gomes); (38) Higher Education Institutions (HEI) Students Take on MOOC: Case of Malaysia (Jessnor Elmy Mat-jizat, Norsamsinar Samsudin, and Rusliza Yahaya); (39) A Cross Cultural Perspective on Information Communication Technologies Learning Survey (Hale Ilgaz, Sacide Güzin Mazman, and Arif Altun); (40) An App for the Cathedral in Freiberg--An Interdisciplinary Project Seminar (Cindy Kröber and Sander Münster); (41) Possible Science Selves: Informal Learning and the Career Interest Development Process (Leila A. Mills); (42) A Case Study of MOOCs Design and Administration at Seoul National University (Cheolil Lim, Sunyoung Kim, Mihwa Kim, Songlee Han, and Seungil Seo); (43) Persistent Possible Science Selves (Leila A. Mills and Lin Lin); and (44) Towards a Collaborative Intelligent Tutoring System Classification Scheme (Rachel Harsley). Individual papers contain references. An author index is included.

Solving mathematical problems is cognitively complex, involving strategy formulation, solution development, and the application of learned concepts. However, gaps in students' knowledge or weakly grasped concepts can lead to errors. Teachers play a crucial role in predicting and addressing these difficulties, which directly influence learning outcomes. However, preemptively identifying misconceptions leading to errors can be challenging. This study leverages historical data to assist teachers in recognizing common errors and addressing gaps in knowledge through feedback. We present a longitudinal analysis of incorrect answers from the 2015-2020 academic years on two curricula, Illustrative Math and EngageNY, for grades 6, 7, and 8. We find consistent errors across 5 years despite varying student and teacher populations. Based on these Common Wrong Answers (CWAs), we designed a crowdsourcing platform for teachers to provide Common Wrong Answer Feedback (CWAF). This paper reports on an in vivo randomized study testing the effectiveness of CWAFs in two scenarios: next-problem-correctness within-skill and next-problem-correctness within-assignment, regardless of the skill. We find that receiving CWAF leads to a significant increase in correctness for consecutive problems within-skill. However, the effect was not significant for all consecutive problems within-assignment, irrespective of the associated skill. This paper investigates the potential of scalable approaches in identifying Common Wrong Answers (CWAs) and how the use of crowdsourced CWAFs can enhance student learning through remediation. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S '23)," July 20-22, 2023.]

This volume contains papers presented at the first conference for teachers of Japanese in Australia. Section one of the volume contains the opening presentation, by J. Neustupny, which discusses current trends in Japanese language teaching in Australia. Section two contains nine symposium papers, which deal with problems in secondary curricula for Japanese in various parts of Australia: "Japanese Language Teaching in Queensland," by B. Bonning; "The Queensland Secondary Syllabus and Teaching of Japanese at Tertiary Level," by J. Ackroyd; "Teaching of Japanese in New South Wales," by H. McLachlan; "Problems in Secondary Curricula for Japanese, Victoria," by S. Wilson; "Teaching of Japanese in South Australia," by K. Nishida; "Problems in Secondary Curricula for Japanese in South Australia," by H. Quackenbush; "Japanese Teaching in Tasmania," by B. Cole; "Teaching of Japanese at Western Australian Secondary Schools - Problems of the Curriculum," by K. Boston; and "A Statement on the Japanese High School Textbook Project," by S. Pulvers. Section three contains two lectures, delivered by F. Koide and E. Jorden, respectively, and entitled: "Japanese Language Teaching in Japan" and "Language Teaching in the U.S.A.: the Cornell Paradigm." A final section of the volume contains syllabus samples from five different states in Australia. (AM)

This publication provides abstracts of papers presented at the 51st annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST) held in Toronto, Canada from March 31 to April 2, 1978. Entries represent a wide range of topics in science education including: cognitive development, teacher education, student behaviors, research methodology, learning theory, post hoc analysis of data, general research, multiple regression analysis, instruction, and curriculum evaluation. (SL)

This paper, designed to assess the degree of implementation of the important features of a curriculum innovation, was presented at the 1978 Bat-Sheva Seminar on Curriculum Implementation and its Relationship to Curriculum Development in Science, Rehovot-Jerusalem, Israel. It investigates the use of sub-interviews within the main interview to assess the level of use of each of the components of interest innovation bundle. The methodology described is used to measure the level of implementation of the junior high school science program, The National World (TNW). This is the revision and modular adaptation of the Intermediate Science Curriculum Study (ISCS). A total of five teachers using the TNW program were interviewed personally or by telephone. Results show that all teachers are regular users of the program and there are considerable variations in their degree and level use of the program. Scales used to measure the use of innovation and interview format are also presented. (HM)

This document contains five papers presented at a symposium designed to identify and discuss implications of nationwide perspectives and research studies on vocational education. Following an introduction that explains the context of the presentations, the following papers are included: "Improving Secondary Vocational Education" (Harry F. Silberman), Discussion (Nan Skelton and Wes Tennyson); "Work, Vocational Studies, and the Quality of Life" (Arthur G. Wirth), Discussion (Cliff Helling, Frank Kenney, and Helen Henrie); "Major Issues in Vocational Education in the Year 2000" (Marvin Feldman), Discussion (Tom Peek, Gen Olson, and Frank Starke); "Beyond Tinkering: Reconstructing Vocational Education" (Jeannie Oakes), Discussion (William Gardner, Dayton Perry, and Jan Hively); and"Occupationally Specific Training in High School" (John H. Bishop), Discussion (Gordon Swanson, Daniel Mjolsness, and Don Szambelan). The final chapter, "Making Vocational Education Better for Students," presents a summary of the themes raised by symposium participants and presenters and a closing perspective providing recommendations for action. Symposium participants and program are listed in an appendix. (KC)

Foreign language teaching achieves best learning outcomes when individual differences of learners are taken into account. While it is difficult for teachers to support internal differentiation in the classroom, digital tools can adaptively propose individual learning paths through activities so that students can practice with appropriately challenging exercises. But how can sufficiently varied, systematically parametrized exercises be provided to enable a system to match them to individual learner needs? We present an approach for high-variability exercise generation that transforms a single specification into a multitude of exercises varying in complexity. The approach is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled study in regular German seventh grade English classes, facilitating a systematic empirical exploration of adaptive exercise complexity in relation to learning outcomes. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

The present exploratory study investigated the efficacy of secondary face-to-face classroom-based English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction digitally supported by the FeedBook, an interactive computer assisted language learning web-based suite of exercises providing item-level scaffolded feedback. Seventy-seven native (L1) German seventh-grade students used the FeedBook during four two-week training periods (cycles, here we analyse Cycle 2 and 3). Classroom and FeedBook practice occurred in parallel, except for grammar constructions for which only FeedBook practice was provided (controls). At the end of Cycle 3, students engaged in a classroom-based communicative task for which the practised constructions were relevant. Custom-designed pre- and post-tests, administered via the FeedBook, assessed language accuracy in each cycle. Mixed-effect models revealed significant pre-/post-test accuracy gains independent of the learners' proficiency in English, but not in controls. Gains from digitally supported instruction were also positively related to accurate use of EFL grammar constructions in the communicative task. Overall, the results indicate learning benefits for face-to-face classroom-based instruction supported by the FeedBook, evidenced both in grammar tests and in communicative activities. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

We propose to use reading time as a metric to report progress in language learning applications. As a case study we use a web-based application that enables learners of a foreign language to read texts from the web and practice vocabulary with interactive exercises generated based on their past readings. The application captures generic interactions with the web page (e.g. switching to a different tab) but also interactions directly related to language learning (e.g. clicking on a word to get a translation). We propose two metrics for approximating reading times based on user interactions with the web application. We analyze the correlation between these metrics and other interaction metrics and show that active time is the best metric for estimating the user's actual involvement with the texts and that it can be approximated from interaction metrics. [For the complete volume, "Intelligent CALL, Granular Systems and Learner Data: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2022 (30th, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 17-19, 2022)," see ED624779.]

During the last 3 decades secondary education has become universal in most industrialized countries. Sub-Saharan African countries face special challenges to benefit from this international trend. The gap between these countries and the rest of the world in coverage, quality, and relevance of secondary education is widening. To address these issues, the Africa region of the World Bank, in cooperation with African educators and institutions, launched the "Study on Secondary Education in Africa" (SEIA). The SEIA study is executed in two phases from 2002 to 2004. During the first phase data and reports are produced; the second phase disseminates results and conducts regional workshops to discuss ways to improve secondary education in Africa. This publication contains presentations made by World Bank staff and consultants during the December 2001 UNESCO/BREDA (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization/Regional Bureau for Education in Africa)--World Bank Regional Workshop in Mauritius (Africa) on the "Renewal of African Secondary Education." Following a Foreword and Introduction, papers in the publication are: "Secondary Education in Africa (SEIA)" (J. Bregman; S. Stallmeister); "Education Policies and Reform in South Korea" (Gwang-Jo Kim); "Renewal of Secondary Education Curricula and Assessment in South Africa" (S. J. Howie); "Recent Reforms of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education in the Netherlands in Basic and Secondary Education" (M. Pieters); and "Effective Monitoring of the Quality of Education" (F. J. M. A. Rameckers). (BT)

This book contains 31 papers from a conference on future training issues in Australia's industries. The following papers are included: "Training Development in Australia" (Chris Ellison); "Meeting National and Employer Training Requirements" (Mark Paterson); "Meeting Employee Training Requirements" (Bill Mansfield); "Training Challenges in Australia's Manufacturing Industries" (Richard Jenkins); "New Paradigms for Training and Learning Work Skills" (Sandra Yates); "Research and Development: Beyond the Bottom Line" (Ken Boston); "Where the Jobs Are: The Outlook for Jobs" (Chris Murphy); "Industry Training in Australia Today" (Peter Kirby); "Current and Future Issues in the Forest Products Industry and the Implications for VET (Vocational Education and Training)" (Nick Murray);"Rural Training" (Glennyss Leyne); "Training Is More Than Catching: Meeting Future Skill Requirements of the Australian Seafood Industry" (Ross Ord); "The Perfect Partnership: Innovation in Driller Training" (Rod McCallum); "Process Manufacturing Industries Today" (Jeremy Gilling); "Manufacturing Training Perspectives" (Bob Paton); "International Fibre Centre: A Study of Training Innovation" (Lynn Glover); "The NUEITAB (National Utilities and Electrotechnology Industry Training Advisory Board)" (Paul O'Brien); "Gas Industry Skills Centre" (Joseph Calabrese); "Overview of the Building and Construction Industry" (Raymond Hutt); "Flexible Training Delivery in the Hospitality Training Industry" (Gavin Dadswell); "Needs versus Training in the Communications Industry" (Rob Gage); "Skills Formation for the Financial Services Industry: Agent of Change or Zookeeper to the Dinosaurs" (Loretta Winstanley); "NIBA (National Insurance Brokers Association): A Case Study in the Finance and Insurance Industry" (Linda Evans); "Vocational Education and Training in Australian Local Government" (Annabelle Langdale); "Trends and Training Issues in Government" (Meg Barnett); "Database Training for SAAP (Supported Accommodation Assistance Program) Management and Reporting Tool" (Janice Anderson); "A Union Perspective" (Sharan Burrow); "Current and Future Issues and Worker Education and Training" (Terri Seddon); "Factors Shaping the Training Agenda in the Health and Community Services Industries" (Lorraine Wheeler); "Flexible Training Strategies for Social and Community Services: A Case Study" (Berwyn Clayton, Lola Krogh); "The YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) as Training Providers" (Rhys Williams); and "Training and the Sport and Recreational Industries" (Tony Guihot). (MN)

One of the main tenets of the audio-lingual theory which has dominated most of our thinking in foreign language teaching methodology for the last fifteen years is that students should never be put in the situation of having to say something for which they have not already learned the patterns. Is the language laboratory really useful, however, in developing communicative competence? A research project was carried out at the University of Illinois involving three beginning French classes. The control group had one hour a week in the language laboratory in addition to four classroom hours. The two experimental groups, E1 and E2, substituted other activities for the laboratory. E2 had free discussion in English of various aspects of French culture, while E1 had unstructured oral communication in French. At the end of the semester the students were given tests especially designed to evaluate their communicative competence. These tests were graded by native speakers of French who did not speak any English. The results of E1 were significantly better. The results on standardized tests which measure reading and listening skills were approximately the same for all groups. Some examples of ways to implement the communicative skills program are play-acting, role-playing, and games. (CFM)

Cognitive science research indicates that learning through apprenticeship may be more effective than traditional schooling. The following critical mistakes in traditional schooling are outlined: (1) skills are taught in progressively more difficult steps, neglecting to engage higher-order thinking abilities; (2) a skill is broken down into separately practiced subskills, which seldom produces competence in the skill itself; (3) skills are taught in isolation, providing little experience in how they are used in combination; (4) knowledge, skills, and their application are separated, preventing true understanding; and (5) knowledge and skills are taught in a classroom setting unlike settings at work or in real life, impeding the transfer of learning. The following contrasts between in-school and out-of-school mental activity are outlined: (1) school emphasizes individual work while out-of-school situations require group problem-solving; (2) school emphasizes pure mentation while out-of-school situations emphasize the use of tools; (3) school emphasizes symbol manipulation while out-of-school situations emphasize things and events; and (4) school emphasizes generalized learning while out-of-school situations emphasize situation-specific competencies. Successful apprenticeship programs share the following characteristics: (1) focus on the conditions of application of the knowledge and skills being learned; (2) weave together specific declarative and procedural knowledge with the development of general basic skills and problem-solving strategies; (3) take into account the learner's original ideas, stage discrepant or confirming experiences to stimulate questions, and encourage the generation of a range of responses with the opportunity to apply these in various situations; and (4) emphasize learning in context. (FMW)

The conference recorded in this document covered a wide variety of themes and consisted of keynote addresses, research presentations, and workshops. The following workshop presentations are included: "Vocational Education in a Developing Country" (Theron); "From the Technical to the Critical: A New Agenda for Vocational Education Research" (McIntyre, Jennings); "Policy Constraints to the Growth of Technology Education Programs: Implications for Technology Development in Nigeria" (Eze); "Economic Growth, Investment in Technology, and the Context of New Zealand Vocational Education Policies" (Stevens); "Philippine Social and Economic Imperatives for Vocational Education" (Elevazo); "Almost Invisible: Isolated Rural Women's Access to Tertiary Education" (Mageean); "Women Technicians' Self-Concept, Problems, and Training Needs" (Espino); "Reflective Learning at ITATE" (Scott); "Reflection and Education of TAFE Teachers" (Knights); "Vocational, Science, Technological, and Engineering-Technology Education" (Waks); "Vocational Education/General Education: A False Dichotomy?" (Hager); "Recent Research and Development in Vocational Education" (Ball); "ICI/TAFE Cross Trade Training of Electrical and Instrument Tradespersons" (Devlin); "What Do Unions Want from TAFE?" (Laurent); "Theory Backgrounds and Research Evaluation of an Innovative Program of Professional Staff Development in the Interface between Education and Economy" (Elsey); "Relation between Education and Industry through Teaching Geography and English Language" (Casterlieva); "Participant-Directed Learning at ITATE: Theory and Practice" (Foley); "Negotiating Programs" (Cohen); "Using Games and Simulations to Structure Experiential Learning" (Leigh); "Communication Modules for Vocational Teachers: Encouraging Reflection on Communication Practice" (Saunders); "Providing for Students from Non-English-Speaking Background in Vocational Education" (Brown); "The Technician Workforce--Sector Changes as an Economy Restructures: Implications for Training" (Whisker); "Using a Journal in Developing Teaching Skills: An Evaluation" (Gonczi); "Block Training for New South Wales TAFE Teacher: An Evaluation over Three Years" (Watson); "The Learning Contract Method as a Means of Developing Self-Directed Learners: Evaluation, Study, and Implications for the Development of Adult Educators" (Bennett, Field); "The Organization and Development of a Relevant Research Program: The ITATE Experience to 1988 and Beyond" (Schaafsma); "Critical Thinking as a Prerequisite for Reflective Teaching" (Hager); "Future Directions on Research in Vocational Teacher Education" (Kaye); and "Sticks and Carrots: A Managed Change of Traditional Approaches to Training" (Burleigh). (CML)

This monograph contains seven papers from a workshop for pre- and in-service administrators and teachers serving special needs students. In "Identification Factors and Criteria for Determining Disadvantaged: Definition of Terms" Edgar I. Farmer, Sr., sets workshop parameters and defines terms. Royce Bland, in "Suggested Techniques for Handling Discipline Problems," suggests that appropriate motivational techniques and respect for the student help alleviate discipline problems. In "Self-Esteem--An Alternative to Substance Abuse" Yvette P. Bogan chronicles behavior of a young female drug abuser as she develops a more positive self-image. She postulates that drug abuse is the result of a poor self-image. In "Working with Handicapped Students Who are Disadvantaged" Arlington Chisman reviews some exercises that may be useful to teachers of handicapped students. Robert B. Pyle, in "Performance-Based Individualized Instruction to Motivate Special Needs Students," offers practical advice for establishing a performance-based program. Frederick G. Welch suggests six effective techniques for teachers to motivate disadvantaged students ("Motivating the Disadvantaged Youth"). "Contemporary Legal Issues and How They Impact upon the Educator," by David G. Carter, is an extensive look at this area of concern. Appendixes include discipline and counseling techniques. (YLB)

To reduce the multiplicity of secondary schools, broaden students' educations, allow later career choices, and increase educational equality, the Netherlands in 1975 established several experimental comprehensive secondary schools. Opposition at the time led to the separation of the schools from the regular school system. Development of the schools was also hampered by inadequate discussion of the implementation process. Since 1975, a governmental change has reduced the schools' resources, opposition has continued, and comprehensive schools have not developed at a national level. Within the schools, lack of expertise and money has slowed organizational and curricular development. Further, lack of comparative data on the experimental schools has reduced the opportunity to learn from their experiences. In 1985 the Dutch parliament will decide whether to implement comprehensive schools nationally. A move to comprehensive schools will cause problems unless better research is available and unless the regular secondary schools are brought closer to the comprehensive schools. (RW)

A unique public/private collaboration of colleges (City University of New York, Fordham University, New York University, St. John's University, and Teachers College at Columbia University) and high schools in New York City is described. The collaborative model's purpose is to attract talented minority high school students to teaching and related educational careers, and to present evaluative data that measure the impact of student participation and long-range outcomes. MENTOR in Education, designed to interest high school students in pursuing careers in teaching, provides a laboratory for joint planning among public and private graduate institutions and the New York City Board of Education. The program also explores alternative approaches to teacher preparation in an urban setting. It is funded by the New York Alliance for the Public Schools, a coalition of civic, corporate, and educational leaders in New York City. Its main components, involving 125 high school juniors and seniors each semester, are peer teaching and work with younger children, college seminars and workshops, site visits to specialized schools, and activities such as journals, micro-teaching, and lesson planning. The mentoring process has been reinforced on several levels: students find their greatest satisfaction in the act of teaching; recruitment into the program has been strengthened by its institutionalization in the respective high school/college pairings and the addition of extrinsic rewards for participation; and extended participation reinforces the mentor experience. Student participant surveys, teacher evaluations, site visits, and follow-up interviews revealed the following: predominance of female participants; participant racial breakdown--49.2% black, 31.2% white, 7.8% Asian, and 9.8% white; greater knowledge about teacher training; and greater awareness of careers in education other than teaching. To alleviate the shortage of minority teachers, new strategies are needed to identify potential candidates at an early phase in career development and provide support systems to sustain them. Two appendices include the MENTOR in Education final student survey and follow-up survey. Tables are included. Contains 9 references. (SM)

The effects of family background characteristics (family income, parents' marital status, parents' education, and number of children already enrolled in postsecondary education) upon parents' postsecondary educational plans for their children, parents' saving for their children, and the amount of planning parents do with their children are examined. The influence of these factors on students' educational plans are discussed. The sample for this study was drawn from all students attending 21 Indiana high schools. Families of ninth grade students were mailed a packet with two survey instruments (for parents and students). A second mailing, a month later, contained additional surveys for parents and students. The results indicate that parents' influences on students' aspirations were both complex and varied. The level of father's education exerted the strongest indirect and direct effects on students' postsecondary education plans, but the effects of the level of fathers' and mothers' education varied for male and female ninth grade students. Neither discussion with parents about postsecondary education nor parental level of saving had major direct effects on the aspirations of male students, but for female students, the frequency with which they discussed college with their parents had a negative effect on their educational plans. Coming from single parent families had a relatively small effect. Findings suggest there could be subtle differences within each family affecting male and female students. Contains 36 references. (SM)

Presented originally at four conferences (held during 1984-1985), the 12 invited papers contained in this document were part of a federally funded project, the National Network for Professional Development in Vocational Special Education. Project objectives included training of teacher educators in employment preparation for the handicapped, particularly the transition of handicapped youth from school to the workplace; dissemination of innovative personnel development models and materials; and facilitation of collaboration among teacher educators and state and local personnel in personnel development programs. Papers have the following titles and authors: "OSERS Programming for the Transition of Youth With Disabilities: Bridges from School to Working Life" (M. Will); "Transition for Handicapped Youth from School to Work (P. Wehman); "A Model for Enhancing the Transition of Mildly Handicapped Youth into Postsecondary Vocational Education" (J. Brown); "Vocational Education's Role in the Transition of Handicapped Persons" (C. Conaway); "Implications for Inservice Training for Vocational Teacher Educators in the Transition Process" (L. West); "Implications for Preservice Training for Vocational Teacher Educators in the Transition Process" (L. Parrish); "A Model for Providing Comprehensive Transitional Services: The Role of Special Education" (D. Brolin); "Inservice Training Implications for Teacher Educators in Special Education in the Transition Process" (L. West); "Preservice Implications for Secondary Special Education: Preparing Teachers to Enhance the Transition Effort" (G. Weisenstein); "Transition from School to Work" (R. Switzer); "Transition Services for Young Adults with Severe Disabilities: Professional Roles and Implications for Inservice Training" (J. Everson et al.); and "Preservice Implications for Delivering Effective Transitional Services in Vocational Rehabilitation" (R. McDaniel). Discussion summaries follow each group of papers and a final reaction to the papers by J. Chadsey-Rusch, "Roles and Responsibilities in the Transition Process: Concluding Thoughts," concludes the collection. (DB)

The current state of the art in vocational assessment is explored in 46 papers: "Vocational Evaluation: An Experimental Trend in Vocational Assessment" (Nadolsky); "Certification for Teachers and Vocational Evaluation Specialists" (Meers); "Marketing Vocational Education" (Williamson); "Norms, Reliability, and Validity in Commercial Vocational Evaluation Systems" (Botterbusch); "Research Needs and Vocational Assessment as a Science" (Menz); "Vocational Evaluator as Expert Witness" (Ellis); "School-Based Vocational Assessment" (Peterson); "A Model Vocational Evaluation Program for the Learning Disabled Adult" (Long, Hicks); "A Work Measurement Approach to Functional Assessment" (Black, et al.); "Further Development of the Vocational Decision-Making Interview for Handicapped Populations" (Czerlinsky); "A Comparative Study of Performance Scores on the Valpar Component Work Samples" (Dion); "Valpar Component Work Samples: A Correlation Analysis" (Dion); "A Psychovocational Evaluation Model" (Gruehagen, Mohr); "Evaluation of Prevocational Skills in Public School Settings" (Phelps); "The Regional Vocational Assessment Center" (Kapland); "Services of a Special Needs Evaluation Center" (Bohnenstiehl); "Introduction to Microcomputers" (McDaniel); "Computer Software for Assessing and Shaping Motor Performance in Vocational Evaluation and Adjustment Programs" (Coker, Blakemore); "The Use of Computers in Vocational Assessment" (Tango); "Employment through Rehabilitation Technology Awareness" (Johnson); "Microcomputers as Prosthetic Aids for the Severely Physically Disabled" (Long, Hicks); "Ethical Dilemmas--Differences in the Public and Private for Profit Practitioners' Point of View" (McClanahan); "Effective Vocational Evaluation of Non-English Speaking Individuals (Edgcomb); "A Triadic Approach to the Vocational Assessment of the Industrially Injured" (Stewart, et al.); "Vocational Assessment of Chronic Pain Syndrome Patients" (Costello); "Vocational Assessment of Psychiatrically Disabled Professionals" (Stone); "A Reappraisal of Vocational Evaluation from an Ecological Systems Perspective" (Szymula, Schleser); "New Directions for Vocational Assessment" (Hastings); "Career/Vocational Assessment in the Public School Setting" (Sitlington, et al.); "Levels of Worker Functions Claimed by Valpar for Its Work Samples Compared to Those Determined through Job Analysis of the Work Samples" (Clark); "Vocational Outcomes Associated with Lower Extremity Amputations" (Roush); "A Work Hardening Model for the 80s" (Smith, McFarlane); "Physical Capacity Evaluation and the Work Hardening Program" (May); "Identifying Optimal Working Conditions for Persons with Low Vision--Who Is Responsible?" (Small); "Vocational Evaluation of Blind and Visually Impaired Persons" (Peterson); "The Vocational Evaluation of Head Injured Patients" (Weinberger); "Prevocational Evaluation: A Mind Set or a Process" (Coffey, et al.); "A Hierarchical Model of Vocational Evaluation" (Mason); "Short Term Training of Vocational Assessment Personnel" (Esser); "The Career Assessment Process in the Intermediate District" (Murray, Skaja); "Ohio School Based Work Evaluator Teacher Certification Program" (Napier); "A Comprehensive Employability Assessment Strategy for Disabled Persons" (Roessler, et al.); "Vocational Assessment of Learning Disabilities" (Hartlage, Telzrow); and "Vocational Assessment of Deaf and Hearing Impaired Persons" (Cotter). (MN)

The aim of this study is to examine how collaborative skills can be developed among secondary school pupils using digital tools (Word online, Adobe Spark Video) in the language classroom. Several types of data were collected: semistructured interviews with teachers and learners, and observation of collaborative activities in the language classroom (video recordings, research log, observation notes, etc.). The case studies show different collaborative activities, which fall into three categories: coordination, articulation, and production. The analysis suggests that many factors can have an impact on collaboration between students, and this paper focuses on one in particular: digital tools. The findings revealed that digital tools can support collaboration if they meet the specific needs of the task (synchronous collaboration, asynchronous collaboration, or no collaboration) and its accessibility for the pupils (one tool for the group, one tool per student). Moreover, the analysis highlights the need to provide techno-pedagogical training (Stockwell & Hubbard, 2013) to the pupils so that they are able to use the tool efficiently in collaborative activities. [For the complete volume, "CALL and Professionalisation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2021 (29th, Online, August 26-27, 2021)," see ED616972.]

Technology has influenced not only our everyday lives, but our education systems and the opportunities for teacher development. The introduction of information and communications technology has presented new training platforms to respond to the needs of the workforce. While traditional institutions have greatly impacted teachers, there are now other viable outlets through which many of the required 21st century skills, such as professionalism, can be satisfied. Our project "OFLEBO" is one such example, an online training tool targeting the teaching of oral skills for in-service teachers of the French language in Botswana. This area was chosen because of the teachers' admission on finding teaching oral skills a challenging task. This paper therefore aims to study the professionalisation of teachers through the "OFLEBO" project. Professionalisation as a process is continuous, and practice is its focus, therefore the aim is to inspire the evolution of classroom practices concerning the teaching of oral skills. [For the complete volume, "CALL and Professionalisation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2021 (29th, Online, August 26-27, 2021)," see ED616972.]

These 43 papers focus on changes in vocational assessment and evaluation. Selected titles include "Review of the Needs of Physically Handicapped Persons in the Vocational Counseling Process and a Possible Solution" (Ranson); "Vocational Assessment in the Management of the Chronic Pain Patient" (Dutton); "Vocational Evaluation of the Individual with Epilepsy" (Nolte); "Back to Work: A Vocational Plan for Chronic Pain" (Curtis, Cook); "Short-term Out-patient Vocational Evaluation for the Rural Population" (Harder); "Modifications of a Career Information Delivery System for Use with Hearing-impaired Persons" (Marut); "Delivery of Vocational Evaluation services to Deaf Persons" (Marut); "Training Opportunity Profile for Visually Impaired Persons (TOP-VIP)" (Peterson); "Vocational Assessment of People with Severe Physical Disability" (Frank); "Vocational Assessment: A Tool Texas Is Putting to Use in Offender (Re)habilitation" (Spitznagel, Dews); "Late Effects of Poliomyelitis" (Fairhurst, Halstead); "Implications of Cognitive-behaviorism for Vocational Evaluation" (Bodenhamer, et al.); "Research Update: A Vocational Evaluation Program for Quadriplegics" (Alfred); "Transitioning Special Education Students from School to Work" (Ashley, et al.); "Personnel Development of School-based Vocational Assessment Personnel" (Peterson); "Assessing the Vocational Adaptivity of High School Students with Mild Cognitive and Intellectual Deficits" (Thomas); "A Vocational Screening Process for Transitional Planning at the 9th Grade Level" (Downs, Conlon); "Vocational Evaluation in the Public Schools--the Virginia Model" (Scott, Prezioso); "The Impact of the Carl D. Perkins Act on Vocational Assessment" (LeConte); "Vocational Assessment as an Aid in the Transitioning Process" (Davis, Foster); "Applications of the Vocational Decision-Making Interview (DMI) to Vocational Rehabilitation and Special Education" (Czerlinsky); "Why Direct Vocational Training Works" (Goodfriend); "A Study Regarding Placement and Performance of Students Receiving Vocational Evaluations" (Evans); "Vocational Assessment in the Public Schools" (Brolin); "Comparison of Vocational Evaluator Positions in Traditional Vocational Rehabilitation, School, and Private-for-profit Settings" (Thomas); "Work Hardening" (Taylor, Blaine); "Ecological Determinants of Vocational Evaluation" (Murphy, Hagner);"Computer Assisted Report Processing in Vocational Evaluation" (Smith, Rothacker); "A Critique of the Research Data Base Relative to Work Adjustment" (Akridge); "Work/Abilities: An Integrative Approach to Vocational Evaluation" (Awtrey, et al.); "Critical Attributes of Vocational Rehabilitation Facilities" (Czerlinsky, Smith); "Vocational Evaluation" (Edgcomb); "A Market Orientation to Vocational Evaluation" (Comegys, Smith); "Data Bases and Vocational Decision Making" (Botterbusch); "Development of a Self-Administered Computerized Vocational Assessment System" (Krass, Conlon); and "Vocational Evaluation: What Direction" (McDaniel). (YLB)

Thirty-three papers are presented from a conference on the application of technology for use in the rehabilitation field. Presentations include "Technology--Opening Doors for Disabled People" (Rochlin, Bowe); "Management Information Systems Development for Rehabilitation Facilities: Critical Factors in Development and Implementation" (Robbins, et al.); "Technology for Children with Disabilities in Connecticut" (Rucker, Gillung); "Microcomputer Education for Employment of the Disabled (MEED): Discovering Microcomputer Careers" (Layton, Yourist); "Teaming the Classroom Computer with a Textbook for Teaching Phonics to the Hearing Impaired" (Hart-Davis); "The Student in the Thicket: Providing World of Work Experiences in an On-the-job Training Setting" (Hoppe); "A Study of Educational Computer Applications for Disabled Children Under 36 Months" (Ellingson, Treptow); "Disabled Access to Technological Advances" (Houston, Cress); "Bridging the Technological Gap" (Musante, et al.); "The Use of Computers in Vocational Assessment" (Tango, Reber); "Parents and Teachers Can Use Peripherals: A Training Perspective" (Hutinger); "Training Teachers to Use Microcomputers: A Consultant Approach" (Keefe); "Technology and Training Eligibility: The 'Fuzzy' Logic Approach to Computerized Vocational Choice" (Williamson); "Computer Speech Recognition for Vocational Training: Strategies and Observations" (Grooms); "Use of Computers for Cognitive Rehabilitation" (Wamboldt, et al.); "The Challenge and the Promise of Computer Access in the 21st Century" (Sloane); "Using LOGO and BASIC with Mildly and Moderately Handicapped Children" (Jolly); "Integrating Vocational Rehabilitation Operations through Automation" (Glass, et al.); "The Other Side of the Disk" (Krasnow, Floyd); "Clothing for Independent Living" (Albrecht, Habdas); "Innovative Software for Cognitive Rehabilitation" (Criter); "Developing Effective Rehabilitation Training Curriculums in Light of Current Technological and Socioeconomic Trends" (Smith); "Choosing Appropriate Input Mode/Device for the Pediatric Client" (Vargas); "Communicate to Educate" (Joseph); "Adapting an Information Desk Job Setting for the Visually-Impaired" (Black); "The Implementation of Computer Technology in a Special Education/Clinical Setting" (Lashway); "AppleWorks for the Special Education Teacher" (Paulson); "Vocational Evaluation Upgrade Program" (Traver); "Vocational Rehabilitation Engineering--What Is It?" (Anderson, Ross); "Personal Computer Assisted Vocational Evaluation (P-Cave)" (Tuck); "Introduction to Microprocessing and Academic Strategies for Developmental-Level College Students" (Griffey); "NU-VUE-CUE: Verbal Eyes Verbalize" (Clark); and "Integrating Assistive Device Machine-Readable Databases with Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Devices and Components for Successful Work Adjustment" (Shafer). Author, title, and topic indexes are provided. (YLB)

This volume contains the following 19 papers delivered at a national conference on the design of assessment of vocational education: "The National Assessment of Vocational Education: An Introduction" (Gilbert T. Sewall); "Vocational Education--Opportunity and Challenge: Perspectives on the National Assessment of Vocational Education" (Robert E. Taylor); "Access to Quality Vocational Education" (Charles S. Benson); "Access to Quality Vocational Education: A Sex Equity Perspective" (Rebecca S. Douglass); "Evaluating the Special Populations and Equity Provisions of Federal Vocational Education Legislation" (L. Allen Phelps); "Comments on Access to Quality Vocational Education" (Chui Lim Tsang); "Vocational Education Policy and Economic Development: Balancing Short-Term and Long-Term Needs" (Patricia M. Flynn); "Assessing the Impact of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act: Economic Development Issues" (David W. Stevens); "Comments on Vocational Education and Economic Development" (Gloria A. Ruth); "Policy Issues in the Governance of Vocational Education" (John E. S. Lawrence); "Coordination of Vocational Education and Manpower Training Programs" (Paul E. Peterson and Barry G. Rabe); "Comments on State and Local Governance and Coordination" (Robert P. Sorensen); "Academic Education and Occupational Training" (John H. Bishop); "Determinants of Excellence in Vocational Education" (Stuart A. Rosenfeld); "Comments on Academic Skills and Occupational Training" (Ellen Summerfield); "Analyzing the Implementation of Federal Vocational Education Policy: The Perkins Act of 1984" (Richard F. Elmore); "The Federal Role in Vocational Education" (E. Gareth Hoachlander); "Comments on the Federal Role in Vocational Education and the Implementation of the Carl D. Perkins Act: A Discussion" (Marion B. W. Holmes); and "Comments on the Federal Role in Vocational Education and Implementation of the Perkins Act" (Charles W. Radcliffe). Short biographies of participants complete the document. (KC)

Of the 50 papers, selected titles include "Redefining the Client, Expanding the Evaluator's Role" (Weldon, Gibson); "Professional Contacts for Evaluator's Expanding Roles" (Dowd); "Vocational Evaluators and the Law" (Kass); "Ethics in Vocational Evaluation" (Early); "Professional Advocacy in Vocational Evaluation and Assessment" (Bowers et al.); "Pre-Employment Placement Screening" (Taylor); "Career Assessment to Facilitate Adult Life Transitions" (Mullins); "On-the-Job Evaluations" (Kell); "Considerations for Job Selection and Placement of Persons with Cumulative Trauma Disorder" (Lopez); "Forensic Vocational Evaluation" (McDaniel); "Marketing Plan Development" (Grissom, Nelson); "Understanding the Unique Contributions of Occupational Therapy within Vocational Assessment" (McCracken); "Rehabilitation Counseling and Occupational Therapy Working Hand in Hand" (Fryman, Melickian); "Non-Relational Databases in Rehabilitation Facilities" (Prachyl); "New Gameplan for Vocational Evaluators" (Williamson); "What WAT Is and What WAT Is Not" (Ayella); "Four Perspectives of Vocational Evaluation" (Nolte); "Marketing the Non-Profit Evaluation Service to Private Industry" (Vohlken); "Model for Vocational Evaluation in Community-Based Employment" (Botterbusch); "Toward Consensus" (Ayella et al.); "Job Matching Systems" (Truthan); "The Trial and Tribulations of a First Time Vocational Expert" (Magrega); "Vocational Evaluation of Closed Head Trauma" (May, Wilkins); "Vocational Assessment for the Severely Physically Challenged" (Peterson, Oliveira); "Illinois Vocational Interest Survey and Assessment" (Sprengel, Moradian); "Vocational Evaluation of Persons with Combined Hearing and Visual Impairments" (Kaskel); "Integrating Vocational Assessments with Special Education Triennial Reevaluations" (Levinson); "Role of School Psychology in Vocational Assessment" (Levinson); "Curriculum Based Vocational Assessment at the Middle and Secondary School" (Swisher); "Role of Assessment in the Transition/Education Process" (Schmitz); "Concurrent Validation of the Abbreviated McCarron-Dial System for Students with Mental Retardation and Learning Disabilities" (Kimmel); "Use of a Robotic System in Vocational Assessment" (Robbins et al.); "Analysis of Private Sector Rehabilitation Case Managers' Opinions Regarding Work Hardening and Work Capacity Evaluation Programs" (May); "Vocational Patterns and Work Concepts of Recovering Alcoholics" (Ridlehoover); "Correlates of Consumer Satisfaction with Vocational Evaluation Services" (Early, Bordieri); and "Comparison of Rehabilitation Clients Tested and Self-Estimated Vocational Aptitudes and Interests" (Bond et al.). (CML)

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2014, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (Lisbon, Portugal July 15-19, 2014). The e-Learning 2014 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covered technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning under seven main areas: Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; Technological Issues; e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; Instructional Design Issues; e-Learning Delivery Issues; e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. The conference included the Keynote Lecture: "Moving Higher Education Forward in the Digital Age: Realising a Digital Strategy," by Neil Morris, Professor of Educational Technology, Innovation and Change and Director of Digital Learning, University of Leeds, UK. Papers in these proceedings include: (1) Culture, Gender and Technology-Enhanced Learning: Female and Male Students' Perceptions Across Three Continents, Thomas Richter and Asta Zelenkauskaite; (2) IPads In Learning: The Web of Change Bente Meyer; (3) A Blended Approach to Canadian First Nations Education, Martin Sacher, Mavis Sacher and Norman Vaughan; (4) A Storytelling Learning Model For Legal Education, Nicola Capuano, Carmen De Maio, Angelo Gaeta, Giuseppina Rita Mangione, Saverio Salerno and Eleonora Fratesi; (5) Acceptance and Success Factors for M-Learning of ERP Systems Curricula, Brenda Scholtz and Mando Kapeso; (6) Self-Regulation Competence in Music Education, Luca Andrea Ludovico and Giuseppina Rita Mangione; (7) Time-Decayed User Profile for Second Language Vocabulary Learning System, Li Li and Xiao Wei; (8) E-Learning Trends and Hypes in Academic Teaching: Methodology and Findings of a Trend Study, Helge Fischer, Linda Heise, Matthias Heinz, Kathrin Moebius and Thomas Koehler; (9) Proof of Economic Viability of Blended Learning Business Models, Carsten Druhmann and Gregor Hohenberg; (10) Does Satellite Television Program Satisfy Ethiopian Secondary School Students? Sung-Wan Kim and Gebeyehu Bogale; (11) Organisation and Management of a Complete Bachelor Degree Offered Online at the University of Milan for Ten Years, Manuela Milani, Sabrina Papini, Daniela Scaccia and Nello Scarabottolo; (12) Structural Relationships between Variables of Elementary School Students' Intention of Accepting Digital Textbooks, Young Ju Joo, Sunyoung Joung, Se-Bin Choi, Eugene Lim and Kyung Yi Go; (13) Dynamic Fuzzy Logic-Based Quality of Interaction within Blended-Learning: The Rare and Contemporary Dance Cases, Sofia B. Dias, José A. Diniz and Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis; (14) Do English Listening Outcome and Cognitive Load Change for Different Media Delivery Modes in U-Learning?, Chi-Cheng Chang, Hao Lei and Ju-Shih Tseng; (15) The Use of ELGG Social Networking Tool for Students' Project Peer-Review Activity, Ana Coric Samardzija and Goran Bubas; (16) Educational Multimedia Profiling Recommendations for Device-Aware Adaptive Mobile Learning, Arghir-Nicolae Moldovan, Ioana Ghergulescu and Cristina Hava Muntean; (17) Inside, Outside, Upside Down: New Directions in Online Teaching and Learning, Lena Paulo Kushnir and Kenneth C. Berry; (18) A Study on the Methods of Assessment and Strategy of Knowledge Sharing in Computer Course, Pat P. W. Chan; (19) Using Agent-Based Technologies to Enhance Learning in Educational Games, Ogar Ofut Tumenayu, Olga Shabalina, Valeriy Kamaev and Alexander Davtyan; (20) Designing a Culturally Sensitive Wiki Space for Developing Chinese Students' Media Literacy, Daria Mezentceva; (21) Shared Cognition Facilitated by Teacher Use of Interactive Whiteboard Technologies, Christine Redman and John Vincent; (22) Modeling Pedagogy for Teachers Transitioning to the Virtual Classroom, Michael J. Canuel and Beverley J. White; (23) The Effectiveness of SDMS in the Development of E-Learning Systems in South Africa, Kobus van Aswegen, Magda Huisman and Estelle Taylor; (24) Online Learning Behaviors for Radiology Interns Based on Association Rules and Clustering Technique, Hsing-Shun Chen and Chuen-He Liou; (25) The Use of SDMS in Developing E-Learning Systems in South Africa, Estelle Taylor, Kobus van Aswegen and Magda Huisman; (26) Assessment of the Use of Online Comunities to Integrate Educational Processes Development Teams: An Experience in Popular Health Education in Brazil, Elomar Castilho Barilli, Stenio de Freitas Barretto, Carla Moura Lima and Marco Antonio Menezes; (27) Stereo Orthogonal Axonometric Perspective for the Teaching of Descriptive Geometry, José Geraldo Franco Méxas, Karla Bastos Guedes and Ronaldo da Silva Tavares; (28) Delivery of E-Learning through Social Learning Networks, Georgios A. Dafoulas and Azam Shokri; (29) The Implementation of Web 2.0 Technology for Information Literacy Instruction in Thai University Libraries, Oranuch Sawetrattanasatian; (30) Designing Educational Social Machines for Effective Feedback, Matthew Yee-King, Maria Krivenski, Harry Brenton, Andreu Grimalt-Reynes and Mark d'Inverno; (31) A Support System for Error Correction Questions in Programming Education, Yoshinari Hachisu and Atsushi Yoshida; (32) A Platform for Learning Internet of Things, Zorica Bogdanovic, Konstantin Simic, Miloš Milutinovic, Božidar Radenkovic and Marijana Despotovic-Zrakic, (33) Dealing with Malfunction: Locus of Control in Web-Conferencing, Michael Klebl; (34) Copyright and Creative Commons License: Can Educators Gain Benefits in the Digital Age? (Wariya Lamlert); (35) The Curriculum Design and Development in MOOCs Environment (Fei Li, Jing Du and Bin Li); (36) Stakeholders Influence in Maltese Tourism Higher Education Curriculum Development (Simon Caruana and Lydia Lau); (37) Online Social Networks and Computer Skills of University Students (Maria Potes Barbas, Gabriel Valerio, María Del Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez, Dagoberto José Herrera-Murillo and Ana María Belmonte-Jiménez); (38) Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Assessment in Engineering Laboratory Education (Maria Samarakou, Emmanouil D. Fylladitakis, Pantelis Prentakis and Spyros Athineos); (39) An Exploration of the Attitude and Learning Effectiveness of Business College Students towards Game Based Learning (Chiung-Sui Chang, Ya-Ping Huang and Fei-Ling Chien); (40) Application of E-Learning Technologies to Study a School Subject (Nadia Herbst and Elias Oupa Mashile); (41) Possibilities of Implementation of Small Business Check-Up Methodology in Comparative Analysis of Secondary Schools and Universities in Slovakia (Katarína Štofková, Ivan Strícek and Jana Štofková); (42) Digging the Virtual Past (Panagiota Polymeropoulou); (43) Technology Acceptance of E-Learning within a Blended Vocational Course in West Africa (Ashwin Mehta); (44) Development of an E-Learning Platform for Vocational Education Systems in Germany (Andreas Schober, Frederik Müller, Sabine Linden, Martha Klois and Bernd Künne); (45) Facebook Mediated Interaction and learning in Distance Learning at Makerere University (Godfrey Mayende, Paul Birevu Muyinda, Ghislain Maurice Norbert Isabwe, Michael Walimbwa and Samuel Ndeda Siminyu); (46) Assessing the Purpose and Importance University Students Attribute to Current ICT Applications (Maurice Digiuseppe and Elita Partosoedarso); (47) E-Learning System for Design and Construction of Amplifier Using Transistors (Atsushi Takemura); (48) Technology, Gender Attitude, and Software, among Middle School Math Instructors (Godwin N. Okeke); (49) Structuring Long-Term Faculty Training According to Needs Exhibited by Students' Written Comments in Course Evaluations (Robert Fulkerth); (50) Integration of PBL Methodologies into Online Learning Courses and Programs (Roland Van Oostveen, Elizabeth Childs, Kathleen Flynn and Jessica Clarkson); (51) Improving Teacher-Student Contact in a Campus Through a Location-Based Mobile Application (Vítor Manuel Ferreira and Fernando Ramos); (52) Incorporating Collaborative, Interactive Experiences into a Technology-Facilitated Professional Learning Network for Pre-Service Science Teachers (Seamus Delaney and Christine Redman); (53) The Efficiency of E-Learning Activities in Training Mentor Teachers (Laura Serbanescu and Sorina Chircu); (54) Development of an IOS App Using Situated Learning, Communities of Practice, and Augmented Reality for Autism Spectrum Disorder (Jessica Clarkson); (55) Using Case-Based Reasoning to Improve the Quality of Feedback Provided by Automated Grading Systems (Angelo Kyrilov and David C. Noelle); (56) International Multidisciplinary Learning: An Account of a Collaborative Effort among Three Higher Education Institutions (Paul S. H. Poh, Robby Soetanto, Stephen Austin and Zulkifar A. Adamu); (57) Interactive Learning to Stimulate the Brain's Visual Center and to Enhance Memory Retention (Yang H. Yun, Philip A. Allen, Kritsakorn Chaumpanich and Yingcai Xiao); (58) How Digital Technologies, Blended Learning and MOOCs Will Impact the Future of Higher Education (Neil P. Morris); (59) Factors Influencing the Acceptance of E-Learning Adoption in Libya's Higher Education Institutions (Mahfoud Benghet and Markus Helfert); (60) Motivation as a Method of Controlling the Social Subject Self-Learning (Andrey V. Isaev, Alla G. Kravets and Ludmila A. Isaeva); (61) Designing Environment for Teaching Internet of Things (Konstantin Simic, Vladimir Vujin, Aleksandra Labus, Ðorde Stepanic and Mladen Stevanovic); (62) Fostering Critical Thinking Skills in Students with Learning Disabilities through Online Problem-Based Learning (Kathleen Flynn); and (63) A System for the Automatic Assembly of Test Questions Using a NO-SQL Database (Sanggyu Shin and Hiroshi Hashimoto). Luís Rodrigues is an associate editor of the proceedings. Individual papers contain references. An author index is included.

The "International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2014 proceedings: (1) Legal Profession in the Technological Era with Special Reference to Women Lawyers in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu, India (G. Barani and S. Pavithra); (2) Proof in the Pudding: A Mix of Integrative and Interactive Strategies in Middle School Literacy (Ruth S. Busby, Todd Stork, and Nathaniel Smith); (3) History Teachers as Historian: Conducting Historical Research (Hayden Call); (4) Using the Library of Congress to Create DBQ's and Book Backdrops (Daniel A. Cowgill, II.); (5) Crowdsourcing for Digital Social Science Learning Companions: A Theory, Model, & Explanation (Charles Cummings); (6) Altering Student Perceptions of Research Practices through Wikipedia: Report on Action Research (Charles Cummings); (7) Teacher Created Prescriptive Interactive Content (TCPIC), SAMR, and Modernizing Remediation in Social Science Education (Charles Cummings); (8) Using Inquiry & Literacy Strategies to Investigate Climate Change (James S. Damico and Mark Baildon); (9) College Readiness for Rural Youth Initiative: Creating a Climate for Success (Jason Hedrick, Mark Light, and Jeff Dick); (10) Pedagogy of oppression: Reconstruction narratives in Mississippi history text books 1887-1976 (Kenneth V. Anthony); (11) Blending of Social Studies in Digital Age (Lakhwinder Jit Kaur); (12) Preparing Global Citizens to Lead and Serve: Positive Youth Development in Online Environments (Mark Light, Jason Hedrick, and Jeff Dick); (13) Instructional Strategies to Use with Primary Sources: A Practical Teaching Workshop (Karen Larsen Maloley); (14) Junior Achievement in Middle Level Education (Leisa A. Martin); (15) "History's Actually Become Important Again." Early Perspectives on History Instruction in the Common Core. (Paul B. McHenry); (16) Learning to Collaborate: Exploring Collective and Individual Outcomes of Special and General Educators (Anthony Pellegrino, Margaret P. Weiss, Kelley Regan, and Linda Mann); (17) Choosing to Break the Bubble: P-12 Teachers, Curricular Development and the Modern Civil Rights Movement (Anthony Pellegrino, Katy Swalwell, and Jenice View); (18) Heritage and Regionalisation in Portugal: Monuments and Community Identity (Fernando Magalhs); (19) Knowing the ROPES: Building Community and Citizenship Dispositions (Deb Sheffer and Barbara Swanson); (20) Relevance of Social Studies and Digital Era (Devinder Singh); (21) Preservice Social Studies Teachers' Conceptions of and Experiences with Discussion as a Pedagogical Tool (Rory Tannebaum); (22) Social Justice in Social Studies Teacher Education: What is our Message? (Juan Walker, Ann Marie Smith, Andrew L Hostetler, Sean M Lennon, and Laura Rychly); (23) Theoretical Cognitive Principles Applied in the Social Studies Classroom: Procedure of Primary Sources (Juan Walker, William B. Russell, III., and John Pagnotti); (24) The History of the Handshake: Its Place in the Classroom in the Digital Age (Beau Michael Whitsett); (25) International Reductions in Compulsory Geography Education and Teacher Preparation: A Multi-national Pilot Study (Patrick C. Womac); (26) Creating a Space for Social Justice through Dialogic Interactions in a Writing Workshop (Elsie L. Olan and Jeffery Kaplan); and (27) Writing Workshop Fostering Social Justice through Creative Writing and Dialogic Interactions (Jeffery Kaplan and Elise L. Olan). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2013 proceedings, see ED545197.]

These proceedings contain the papers of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2014, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, in Madrid, Spain, February 28-March 2, 2014. The Mobile Learning 2014 International Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. Papers in these proceedings include: (1) Supporting Teachers to Design and Use Mobile Collaborative Learning Games (Iza Marfisi-Schottman and Sébastien George); (2) Ebooks as PDF Files, in Epub Format or as Interactive Ibooks? Digital Books in Physics Lessons of Secondary Education (Manfred Lohr); (3) Mobile Learning and Early Age Mathematics (Shir Peled and Shimon Schocken); (4) M-Learning--On Path to Integration with Organisation Systems (Shilpa Srivastava and Ved Prakash Gulati); (5) Improving History Learning through Cultural Heritage, Local History and Technology (Graça Magro, Joaquim Ramos de Carvalho and Maria José Marcelino); (6) Intrigue at the Museum: Facilitating Engagement and Learning through a Location-Based Mobile Game (Jetmir Xhembulla, Irene Rubino, Claudia Barberis and Giovanni Malnati); (7) Mobile-Based Chatting for Meeting Negotiation in Foreign Language Learning (María Dolores Castrillo, Elena Martín-Monje and Elena Bárcena); (8) Student Preferences for M-Learning Application Characteristics (Ömer Delialioglu & Yasaman Alioon); (9) Learning and Teaching with Mobile Devices An Approach in Secondary Education in Ghana (Margarete Grimus and Martin Ebner); (10) Cross-Cultural Design of Mobile Mathematics Learning Service for South African Schools (Tanja Walsh, Teija Vainio and Jari Varsaluoma); (11) Mobile Learning and Achievement Goal Orientation Profiles (Minna Asplund); (12) A Review of Integrating Mobile Phones for Language Learning (Ramiza Darmi and Peter Albion); (13) Overlapping Chat's Accessibility Requirements between Students with and without Disabilities Due to the Mobile Limitiations (Rocío Calvo, Ana Iglesias and Lourdes Moreno); (14) UML Quiz: Automatic Conversion of Web-Based E-Learning Content in Mobile Applications (Alexander von Franqué and Hilda Tellioglu); (15) Pedagogical Applications of Smartphone Integration in Teaching--Lectures', Students', & Pupils' Perspectives (Tami Seifert); (16) MOOC's to Go (Jan Renz, Thomas Staubitz and Christoph Meinel); (17) Strategies and Challenges in Ipad Initiative (Chientzu Candace Chou, Lanise Block and Renee Jesness); (18) Blending Classroom Teaching and Learning with QR Codes (Jenni Rikala and Marja Kankaanranta); (19) Programming Education with a Blocks-Based Visual Language for Mobile Application Development (Can Mihci and Nesrin Ozdener); (20) Shifting Contexts: Investigating the Role of Context in the Use of Obiquitious Computing for Design-Based Learning (Katharine S. Willis and Gianni Corino); (21) Evaluation Framework for Dependable Mobile Learning Scenarios (Manel Bensassi and Mona Laroussi); (22) Initial Evaluation of a Mobile Scaffolding Application that Seeks to Support Novice Learners of Programming (Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman); (23) Defining a Set of Architectural Requirements for Service-Oriented Mobile Learning Environments (Nemésio Freitas Duarte Filho and Ellen Francine Barbosa); (24) Portability and Usability of Open Educational Resources on Mobile Devices: A Study in the Context of Brazilian Educational Portals and Android-Based Devices (André Constantino da Silva, Fernanda Maria Pereira Freire, Vitor Hugo Miranda Mourão, Márcio Diógenes de Oliveira da Cruz and Heloísa Vieira da Rocha); (25) Evaluating QR Code Case Studies Using a Mobile Learning Framework (Jenni Rikala); (26) Developing a Mobile Social Media Framework for Creative Pedagogies (Thomas Cochrane, Laurent Antonczak, Matthew Guinibert and Danni Mulrennan); (27) Factors Affecting M-Learners' Course Satisfaction and Learning Persistence (Young Ju Joo, Sunyoung Joung, Eugene Lim and Hae Jin Kim); (28) A Framework to Support Mobile Learning in Multilingual Environments (Mmaki E. Jantjies and Mike Joy); (29) Mobile Technology Integrated Pedagogical Model (Arshia Khan); (30) Representation of an Incidental Learning Framework to Support Mobile Learning (Eileen Scanlon, Mark Gaved, Ann Jones, Agnes Kukulska-Hulme, Lucas Paletta and Ian Dunwell); (31) Using Mobile Apps and Social Media for Online Learner-Generated Content (Paul David Henry); (32) Tweeting as a Tool for Learning Science: The Credibility of Student-Produced Knowledge Content in Educational Contexts (Kaja Vembe Swensen, Kenneth Silseth and Ingeborg Krange); (33) What Mobile Learning and Working Remotely Can Learn from Each Other (Koen Depryck); (34) In-Time On-Place Learning (Merja Bauters, Jukka Purma and Teemu Leinonen); (35) M-Learning and Technological Literacy: Analyzing Benefits for Apprenticeship (Carlos Manuel Pacheco Cortés and Adriana Margarita Pacheco Cortés); (36) Designing a Site to Embed and to Interact with Wolfram Alpha Widgets in Math and Science Courses (Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda and Ruben Dario Santiago Acosta); (37) An Environment for Mobile Experiential Learning (Otto Petrovic, Philipp Babcicky and Thomas Puchleitner); (38) Supporting Situated Learning Based on QR Codes with Etiquetar App: A Pilot Study (Miguel Olmedo Camacho, Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Carlos Alario-Hoyos, Xavier Soldani, Carlos Delgado Kloos and Sergio Sayago); (39) Raising Awareness of Cybercrime--The Use of Education as a Means of Prevention and Protection (Julija Lapuh Bele, Maja Dimc, David Rozman and Andreja Sladoje Jemec); (40) Mobile Game for Learning Bacteriology (Ryo Sugimura, Sotaro Kawazu, Hiroki Tamari, Kodai Watanabe, Yohei Nishimura, Toshiki Oguma, Katsushiro Watanabe, Kosuke Kaneko, Yoshihiro Okada, Motofumi Yoshida, Shigeru Takano and Hitoshi Inoue); (41) The Theory Paper: What is the Future of Mobile Learning? (John Traxler and Marguerite Koole); (42) Rapid Prototyping of Mobile Learning Games (Maija Federley, Timo Sorsa, Janne Paavilainen, Kimo Boissonnier and Anu Seisto); (43) Preparing Lessons, Exercises and Tests for M-Learning of IT Fundamentals (S. Djenic, V. Vasiljevic, J. Mitic, V. Petkovic and A. Miletic); (44) The Motivating Power of Social Obligation: An Investigation into the Pedagogical Affordances of Mobile Learning Integrated with Facebook (Nurhasmiza Sazalli, Rupert Wegerif and Judith Kleine-Staarman); (45) When Everyone is a Probe, Everyone is a Learner (Boris Berenfeld, Tatiana Krupa, Arseny Lebedev and Sergey Stafeev); (46) Mobile Learning and Art Museums: A Case Study of New Art Interpretation Approach for Visitor Engagement through Mobile Media (Victoria López Benito); (47) Learner Centric in M-Learning: Integration of Security, Dependability and Trust (Sheila Mahalingam, Faizal Mohd Abdollah and Shahrin Sahib); (48) M-Learning Pilot at Sofia University (Elissaveta Gourova, Pavlin Dulev, Dessislava Petrova-Antonova and Boyan Bontchev); (49) A Mobile Service Oriented Multiple Object Tracking Augmented Reality Architecture for Education and Learning Experiences (Sasithorn Rattanarungrot, Martin White and Paul Newbury); (50) Learners' Ensemble Based Security Conceptual Model for M-Learning System in Malaysian Higher Learning Institution (Sheila Mahalingam, Faizal Mohd Abdollah and Shahrin Sahib); (51) Supporting the M-Learning Based Knowledge Transfer in University Education and Corporate Sector (András Benedek and György Molnár); and (52) The future of Ubiquitous Elearning (Timothy Arndt). Individual papers contain references. An author index is included. Luís Rodrigues is an associate editor of these proceedings.

These proceedings contain the papers of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2013), October 22-24, 2013, which has been organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), co-organized by The University of North Texas (UNT), sponsored by the Association for Educational Communication and Technologies (AECT), and endorsed by the Japanese Society for Information and Systems in Education (JSISE). The CELDA 2013 conference aims to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning, and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality, and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aims to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. However, innovative contributions that do not easily fit into these areas are also included as long as they are directly related to the overall theme of the conference--cognition and exploratory learning in the digital age. The conference included the Keynote Lecture: "Ubiquitous Learning Analytics for Adaptive and Authentic Instruction," by Professor Kinshuk, Associate Dean of Faculty of Science and Technology, NSERC/iCORE/Xerox/Markin Industrial Research Chair--School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada. The conference also included a panel entitled "Interactive Technologies for Teacher Training: Two Technology Approaches and Their Implications," with Julia Meritt, David Gibson, Rhonda Christensen, Gerald Knezek, and Wilhelmina Savenye. Papers presented in this conference include: (1) Working Memory Intervention: A Reading Comprehension Approach (Tracy L. Perry and Evguenia Malaia); (2) Suggestions for the Design of E-Learning Environments to Enhance Learner Self-Efficacy (Charles B. Hodges); (3) Student and Teacher Use of Technology at the University Level (Peter Gobel and Makimi Kano); (4) Understanding and Applying Technology in Faculty Development Programs (Sharon L. Burton and Dustin Bessette); (5) Measuring Problem Solving Skills in "Portal 2" (Valerie J. Shute and Lubin Wang); (6) Students' Facebook Usage and Academic Achievement: A Case Study of Private University in Thailand (Wilailuk Sereetrakul); (7) Students' Usage of Facebook for Academic Purposes: A Case Study of Public and Private Universities in Thailand (Ampai Thongteeraparp); (8) Persistence of Cognitive Constructs Fostered by Hands-On Science Activities in Middle School Students (Rhonda Christensen, Gerald Knezek, Tandra Tyler-Wood, and David Gibson); (9) Spanning Knowledge Barriers in E-Learning Content Design (Tsai-Hsin Chu, Yi Lee, and Yen-Hsien Lee); (10) ASK LDT 2.0: A Web-Based Graphical Tool for Authoring Learning Designs (Panagiotis Zervas, Konstantinos Fragkos, and Demetrios G. Sampson); (11) Model of Emotional Expressions in Movements (Vladimir L. Rozaliev and Yulia A. Orlova); (12) The ANCESTOR Project: Aboriginal Computer Education through Storytelling (Marla Weston and Dianne Biin); (13) Context-Based Semantic Annotations in CoPEs: An Ontological and Rule-Based Approach (Souâad Boudebza, Lamia Berkani, and Faiçal Azouaou); (14) Mobile Augmented Reality in Supporting Peer Assessment: An Implementation in a Fundamental Design Course (Chung-Hsien Lan, Stefan Chao, Kinshuk, and Kuo-Hung Chao); (15) Intelligent Tutors in Immersive Virtual Environments (Peng Yan, Brian M. Slator, Bradley Vender, Wei Jin, Matti Kariluoma, Otto Borchert, Guy Hokanson, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Bob Cosmano, Kathleen T. Cox, André Pilch, and Andrew Marry); (16) Can Free-Range Students Save Some Schools? A Case Study on a Hybrid Classroom (Christopher Francis White); (17) ICT Support for Collaborative Learning--A Tale of Two Cities (Teresa Consiglio and Gerrit C. van der Veer); (18) Issues of Learning Games: From Virtual to Real (Thibault Carron, Philippe Pernelle, and Stéphane Talbot); (19) Data Challenges of Leveraging a Simulation to Assess Learning (David Gibson and Peter Jakl); (20) Self-Assessment and Reflection in a 1st Semester Course for Software Engineering Students (Jacob Nielsen, Gunver Majgaard, and Erik Sørensen); (21) Journey of Exploration on the Way towards Authentic Learning Environments (Merja Meriläinen and Maarika Piispanen); (22) Supporting the Strengths and Activity of Children with Autism in a Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment (Virpi Vellonen, Eija Kärnä, and Marjo Virnes); (23) Transforming Education in a Primary School: A Case Study (Cathleen A. Norris, Elliot Soloway, Chun Ming Tan, Chee Kit Looi, and Akhlaq Hossain); (24) Using Generic and Context-Specific Scaffolding to Support Authentic Science Inquiry (Brian R. Belland, Jiangyue Gu, Sara Armbrust, and Brant Cook); (25) Using a Facebook Group as a Forum to Distribute, Answer and Discuss Content: Influence on Achievement (Blanche W. O'Bannon, Virginia G. Britt, and Jeffrey L. Beard); (26) Some Psychometric and Design Implications of Game-Based Learning Analytics (David Gibson and Jody Clarke-Midura); (27) Piaget, Inhelder and "Minecraft" (Catherine C. Schifter, Maria Cipollone, and Frederick Moffat); (28) Math on a Sphere: Making Use of Public Displays in Education (Michael Eisenberg, Antranig Basman, and Sherry Hsi); (29) Research on the E-Textbook and E-Schoolbag in China: Constructing an Ecosystem of E-Textbook and E-Schoolbag (Yonghe Wu, Lin Lin, Xiaoling Ma, and Zhiting Zhu); (30) A Study on Improving Information Processing Abilities Based on PBL (Du Gyu Kim and JaeMu Lee); (31) Tablets in the Classroom: Improvisational Rhythms and Change through Bricolage (Bente Meyer); (32) Using REU Projects and Crowdsourcing to Facilitate Learning on Demand (Hong P. Liu and Jerry E. Klein); (33) iPads in Inclusive Classrooms: Ecologies of Learning (Bente Meyer); (34) Designing Learning Object Repositories as Systems for Managing Educational Communities Knowledge (Demetrios G. Sampson and Panagiotis Zervas); (35) The Configuration Process of a Community of Practice in the Collective Text Editor (Cláudia Zank and Patricia Alejandra Behar); (36) Cross-Continental Research Collaborations about Online Teaching (Kevin P. Gosselin and Maria Northcote); (37) Leverage Learning in the University Classroom (Melissa Roberts Becker, Pam Winn, and Susan Erwin); (38) Using Loop Learning and Critical Dialogue in Developing Innovative Literature Reviews (Marilyn K. Simon and Jim Goes); (39) Developing a Connectivist MOOC at a College of Education: Narrative of Disruptive Innovation? (Dalit Levy and Sarah Schrire); (40) The Cognitive Cost of Chatting While Attending a Lecture: A Temporal Analysis (Chris Bigenho, Lin Lin, Caroline Gold, Arjun Gupta, and Lindsay Rawitscher); (41) "Visual Selves": Construction Science Students' Perceptions about Their Abilities to Represent Spatial Related Problems Internally and Externally (Tamera McCuen and Xun Ge); (42) Educational Affordances That Support Development of Innovative Thinking Skills in Large Classes (Julaine Fowlin, Catherine Amelink, and Glenda Scales); (43) Technology and Curriculum Standards: How Well Do Internet-Based Learning Games Support Common Core Standards for Mathematics? (Teri Bingham and Jan Ray); (44) English Proficiency and Participation in Online Discussion for Learning (Steve Leung); (45) Problem-Based Educational Game Becomes Student-Centered Learning Environment (Pornpimon Rodkroh, Praweenya Suwannatthachote, and Wannee Kaemkate); (46) Technology and Cognition Merge with Challenge-Based Learning Cycles Online (Shelley L. Cobbett); (47) Student-Driven Classroom Technologies: Transmedia Navigation and Transformative Communications (Leila A. Mills, Gerald A. Knezek, and Jenny S. Wakefield); (48) The Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers' Concerns about Integrating Web 2.0 Technologies into Instruction (Yungwei Hao, Shiou-ling Wang, Su-jen Chang, Yin-hung Hsu, and Ren-yen Tang); (49) An Examination of Teachers' Integration of Web 2.0 Technologies in Secondary Classrooms: A Phenomenological Study (Ling Wang); (50) Perceived Affordances of a Technology-Enhanced Active Learning Classroom in Promoting Collaborative Problem Solving (Xun Ge, Yu Jin Yang, Lihui Liao, and Erin G. Wolfe); (51) Authentic Learning through GBL: Using Inquiry and PBL Strategies to Accomplish Specific Learning Outcomes through Smart Games in Formal and Informal Settings (Brad Hoge); (52) Dealing with Unseen Obstacles to Education in the Digital Age (Valerie J. H. Powell, Arif Sirinterlikci, Christopher Zomp, Randall S. Johnson, Phillip Miller, and James C. Powell); (53) Implementing Collaborative Design in the Next Series of eLearning Platforms (Dorothy Kropf); (54) Facing the Challenge--Developing an Instructional Plan for Portuguese as Foreign Language in Brazil Based on Multiliteracy (Ana Flora Schlindwein); (55) Life-Long Learning and Social Responsibility Obligations (Robin Mayes); (56) The Contributions of Digital Concept Maps to Assessment for Learning Practices (Mehmet Filiz, David Trumpower, and Sait Atas); (57) Don't Waste Student Work: Using Classroom Assignments to Contribute to Online Resources (Jim Davies); (58) Leveraging Sociocultural Theory to Create a Mentorship Program for Doctoral Students (Matt Crosslin, Jenny S. Wakefield, Phyllis Bennette, and James William Black, III); (59) Demonstrable Competence: An Assessment Method for Competency Domains in Learning and Leadership Doctoral Program (David W. Rausch and Elizabeth K. Crawford); (60) Confidence-Based Assessments within an Adult Learning Environment (Paul Novacek); (61) Effect of Digitally-Inspired Instruction on Seventh Grade Science Achievement (Pam Winn, Susan Erwin, Melissa Becker, and Misty White); (62) Interactive Technologies for Teacher Training: Comparing Performance and Assessment in Second Life and SimSchool (Julia Meritt, David Gibson, Rhonda Christensen, and Gerald Knezek); (63) Some Considerations on Digital Reading (Rodrigo Esteves de Lima-Lopes); (64) An Alternative Approach to Test Analysis and Interpretation (J. C. Powell); (65) Volition Support Design Model (ChanMin Kim); (66) Tekking: Transversing Virtual and International Boundaries to Explore and Develop Effective Adult Learner Experiences (Ruth Gannon Cook); (67) Strengthening Parent-Child Relationships through Co-Playing Video Games (Anneliese Sheffield and Lin Lin); and (68) Reflection Paper on a Ubiquitous English Vocabulary Learning System: Evidence of Active/Passive Attitude vs. Usefulness/Ease-of-Use (Jeff Lim). An author index is included. Individual papers contain references. Luís Rodrigues is the associate editor of these proceedings.

Studies have shown that on-demand assistance, additional instruction given on a problem per student request, improves student learning in online learning environments. Students may have opinions on whether an assistance was effective at improving student learning. As students are the driving force behind the effectiveness of assistance, there could exist a correlation between students' perceptions of effectiveness and the computed effectiveness of the assistance. This work conducts a survey asking secondary education students on whether a given assistance is effective in solving a problem in an online learning platform. It then provides a cursory glance at the data to view whether a correlation exists between student perception and the measured effectiveness of an assistance. Over a three year period, approximately twenty-two thousand responses were collected across nearly four thousand, four hundred students. Initial analyses of the survey suggest no significance in the relationship between student perception and computed effectiveness of an assistance, regardless of if the student participated in the survey. All data and analysis conducted can be found on the Open Science Foundation website. [This paper was published in: "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Educational Data Mining," edited by A. Mitrovic and N. Bosch, International Educational Data Mining Society, 2022, pp. 734-37.]