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Place value is a foundational competency for primary school mathematics and for this reason we have sought to investigate what the recent and current academic conversations are around this important concept. In this paper we present a survey of literature presented in the Australasian, European and Southern African contexts through a review of purposively selected conference proceedings and journals to establish what the conversations have been about the teaching and learning of place value in these research communities from 2013 to 2022.

Eight papers for the Collections and Services Division of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions that were given at the 1992 annual meeting are presented. These papers deal with the acquisition and exchange of library materials, interlending, and serial publications. The following papers are included: (1) "Why Won't You Accept My Order? Global Acquisitions Solutions" (T. Leisner); (2) "South Asian Literature: Acquisition and Processing in West European Libraries" (G. F. Baumann); (3) "The Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Protocol: Progress and Projects" (L. Swain and P. Tallim); (4) "Sci-Tech Libraries: New Approach to Interlibrary Loans" (E. Eronina); (5) "Improving Interlending through Goal Setting and Performance Measurement" (J. Willemse); (6) "OSIRIS, a Microcomputer Based Online Serials Information, Registration and Inquiry System" (S. Santiago); (7) "Serial Publications in India" (P. K. Gupta); and (8) "Basic Serials Management Handbook" (J. Szilvassy). Most papers are followed by references.

Transformation of post-socialist educational systems is perhaps one of the most interesting and at the same time underestimated in its importance, developments in the history of comparative education. After the three decades of post-socialist development one can note significant differences between the countries which once had identical or very similar educational systems. Perhaps the most interesting topic for comparativists to explore is the question: why instead of convergence do we observe the increasing divergence of education in the post-socialist area? One of the possible answers is that post-socialist countries perceived the new ideology, namely, the ideology of neoliberalism, in their own specific way, which was determined by their historical, cultural and religious heritage. The concepts of effectiveness and efficiency in education can be considered as one of the typical cases of recontextualization. The paper provides several examples showing that these concepts are still interpreted in different ways in the East and in the West. [For the complete Volume 16 proceedings, see ED586117.]

These proceedings contain the papers of the 20th International Conference on e-Society (ES 2022) and 18th International Conference on Mobile Learning (ML 2022), organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, held virtually during 12-14 March 2022. Due to the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this year the conferences were hosted virtually. The e-Society 2022 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within the Information Society. This conference covers both the technical as well as the non-technical aspects of the Information Society. The Mobile Learning 2022 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. These events received 152 submissions from more than 28 countries. In addition to the papers' presentations, the conference also included one keynote presentation by Professor Pedro Isaias (Information Systems & Technology Management School, The University of New South Wales, Australia) and a Special Talk by Wilson Ramon Hernandez Parraci (Ph.D. Student, Northern Illinois University, USA). [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The objective of this paper is to investigate differences in the academic achievement of students who report experiencing both bullying and a lack of belonging within their school settings as compared to their peers who report neither of these experiences. This study will expand upon existing research by using a cross-national sample of students from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 to analyze two peer relational factors as they relate to mathematics achievement: (1) belongingness and (2) bullying. The purpose of the study will be to identify an international trend and examine education systems in which academic achievement increases or decreases with these two factors interacted, with each factor taken separately, and investigate the patterns amongst them.

Utilizing social network analysis, UNESCO international student mobility (ISM) data, and World Bank income classifications, this paper examines patterns of social reproduction in ISM within four established regional education networks from 2008-2012. Findings indicate that the global trend of uneven flows from developing to developed nations is replicated fractally within the Southern African Development Community, the European Higher Education Area, the Union of South American Nations, and University Mobility in Asia and the Pacific. Developed and/or higher income countries play a preeminent role in the regional networks as senders and receivers; whereas, developing (lower income) countries function primarily as source nations. This suggests that elite cultural capital is being centralized through ISM not only globally, but regionally as well.

Constraints of the pandemic and rolling lockdowns eliminated opportunities to gather in person. Yet, for the learning cities movement, this period of coronavirus curtail was also a time of increased networking and creative collaboration. Where once human energies expended in "process work" left little retrievable trace, now artifacts accumulate apace in electronic clouds. What might a little excavation through material collected since the onset of COVID-19 reveal about ways localities and learning city networks mobilized to address the pandemic? For those on the resourced side of the digital divide, openly available content grants access to a gallery of community responses, transnational strategies, and future forecasting. [For the full proceedings, see ED625421.]

Benedict Anderson argues that nationalist ideas in Asia and Africa are modeled on the 'modular' forms of nationalism that developed in the Americas and Europe. This paper argues that anti-colonial nationalism is a field of contestation between different ideas and practices. Some of these were indeed based on selective appropriation of Western practices, whereas some of these rejected such ideas and practices and contended that decolonization or emancipation necessarily entailed rejecting the examples set by Western nations. This paper compares the thoughts of Frantz Fanon and M.K. Gandhi, two of the most influential figures in post-colonial thought in the twentieth century as well as active participants in major anti-colonial struggles, and contends that in spite of contextual and ideological differences between them both rejected the Western models of nationalist politics and emphasized a repudiation of colonialism through political and institutional innovations in similar ways. The three major sections of the paper deals with their respective critiques of colonialism and elite nationalism; the prescribed modes of political practice; and the projects of national reconstruction. The unifying thread in each of these three sections is their common concerns regarding negation of colonialism as well as the cultural alienation of the nationalist elite and the necessity of a radical break with Western models of nationalist politics. The concluding section attempts to understand the reasons why their visions of national independence remains unfulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gender differences in mathematics are smaller than they have been in the past, prominent voices still attribute these differences to a variety of fixed individual factors, such as genetic characteristics of men and women. We hold the alternative view that these differences can be ultimately attributed to malleable factors. From this vantage, societies could influence gender differences in mathematics by changing students' experiences in school. In this study, we built on prior work suggesting that mathematics anxiety causes lower mathematics scores. In particular, we found that mathematics anxiety entirely explains the gender differences evident in mathematics scores from the 2012 US Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Furthermore, we found that gender moderates the mediating role of mathematics anxiety: math anxiety is more detrimental for male than for female students. Because math anxiety is a malleable individual characteristic, we conclude that gender differences reveal more about gendered societal experiences than they do about innate characteristics of men and women. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

In the globalized world the convergence of economic growth processes in various sectors world-wide is expected. The authors focused on convergence of development processes in agriculture on global and regional scale with special focus on Europe. The main aim of the paper is to examine whether there is such convergence. Using yearly data from more than 100 countries and years 1992-2016, it was proven that there is globally significant beta-convergence when technical effectiveness indicators and the share of agricultural employment are taken into account. It is especially true for Europe. When share of agricultural employment is analyzed strong beta- and sigma-convergence is observed for every analyzed region. Still there is strong sigma-divergence and no sign of beta-convergence in the case of agricultural value added per worker. Europe and Asia are the only exceptions. The results suggest strong relation between overall economic development and development in agriculture. One can also conclude that substantial differences in agricultural sectors among analyzed countries are caused by the differences in capital equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global increased of market integration for the past few decades has been staggering. Although numerous research have shown market integration as one of the main drivers of economic growth, existing literature has yet to find a conclusive result. Hence, this study examines the impact of stock market integration on economic growth in 32 countries of Asia and Europe regions. The study utilizes the Kalman Filter method to generate the stock market integration index and heterogenous panel models to investigate its relationship towards economic growth. Overall, the result shows that stock market integration has positive impact on economic growth in Asia and Europe high-income countries. However, the impact is not significant in Asia Middle-Income Countries, which suggest the insufficient absorptive capacities in these countries to benefit from the market integration. Such findings call for more appropriate market liberalization policies that fits the economic environment and geographical location of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study outlines a comprehensive benchmarking strategy used for comparing policies, processes and strategies across national borders. Comparative benchmarking can empower nation states in the global South to review education systems, discover hidden sources of inequity, and establish comparative benchmarks for system reform. The utility of the benchmarking system is illustrated for the student assessment system. Both competitive and process/functional benchmarking were used to identify targets. The balanced assessment systems of high performing countries paid significant attention to classroom formative assessment even when examinations were central. This compares with the binding historical legacy of public examinations in the Anglophone Caribbean.

In the current paper we examine the importance of ethics in marketing in Asian, African, and European cultures. We use empirical data showing that there are large ethical differences between cultures and countries and these differences result in differences in income as compared with the cost of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how 'diversity' enters into, and depicted in, the teaching of citizenship in schools, bringing in examples from two European (England and France) and two Asian (China and Japan) countries. The empirical data come from our ongoing comparative and longitudinal research on curricula and textbooks (intended for the 12-14 age group). We specifically focus on history and civics subjects, tracking the changes from 1945 until now. Despite varying organization of textbook and curricula in our sample countries, we note some common trends that run across our cases. We summarize our findings under two themes: 1) cosmopolitization of the nation and citizen; and 2 re-definition of diversity as 'intercultural' encounters. While the project of diversity has unmistakenly arrived in education, what is missing is its connection to the very ideals of citizenship, as originally formulated by TH Marshall. In conclusion, we reflect on the current dilemmas that European and Asian countries are facing in addressing diversity. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on Eastern European immigrants and their functioning is quite limited. Some research has been conducted on Eastern European (EE) immigrants and their adaptation in the United States. However, there is a lack of information about the Eastern European immigration at a global level. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the patterns of EE immigration around the world. Since Eastern European's main destination areas for immigration are North America and Western Europe, the focus of the paper is on these two areas. However, immigration patterns to Asia, Africa, Australia and South America are also discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the British Voluntary Service Organization (VSO) training model and its implications for teacher education. VSO posts teachers with experience in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or mainstream education to teacher training posts in countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe. All volunteers must participate first in a skills training course in England that includes professional teaching, country specific, and health and general briefings. The methodology involves a team of trainers who work with a core belief that to become a trainer you need to experience planning, delivering, and evaluating training events. Initial stages are tutor-planned and tutor-lead, to ensure that all participants are up-to-date on current thinking on core English Language Training (ELT) topics and methodologies. The remainder of the course is negotiated with participants who choose sessions to plan and deliver as a team with the tutors. Courses have been generally well-received by participants. The only negative reaction led to a course maximum limit of 20 participants. Pre-planned and completed timetables for a typical course are appended. (NAV)

Violence against women and girls is pervasive in war-created refugee and internal displacement camps across regions. Having survived rapes and other personal assaults, as well as attacks on their homes and villages, women and girls find little security in these places of refuge. Rape, domestic violence, control violence, survival sex and sex trafficking occur with alarming frequency in the camps. The massive civilian displacement that occurs in most of the 30 or so ongoing armed conflicts leads to the hasty establishment of emergency shelter with inadequate resources. Camp conditions, along with characteristics of today's wars, contribute to high rates of violence against encamped women and girls. Relying on data from numerous studies and using examples from armed conflicts in Africa, the Middle East, south and southeast Asia, and Europe, this paper provides a description and analysis of violence against women in and around war-ravaged displacement camps. The paper concludes with some examples of collective resistance to this gender violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will look at the challenge of conducting cross-national comparative research when the subject of study consists of transnational groups and transnational cultures. It will first try to problematise the significance of the national and discuss how this is a limiting and limited context. Then, it will show how the comparative and the 'cross' can indeed become viable and relevant strategies for research conduct, even when we think beyond the binary of the national versus the global. The paper will develop this discussion by looking at the case of diasporic media cultures, which are shaped at the meeting of transnational networks and urban cultural practices. It will draw from empirical material from three research projects with urban diasporic audiences, diasporic media cultures in Europe and transnational Arab audiences and it will suggest that we have to deconstruct and revisit the taken-for-grantedness of 'the national' as a given scheme for comparative research, without turning to 'the global' as another given and set alternative. Instead, the paper suggest that we need to adopt a cosmopolitan outlook that enables the development of conceptual frameworks and methodological strategies that allow us to go beyond either/or (Beck, 2006) and to record and analyse 'this and that' and 'neither/nor'. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The average investment allocation on the Internet is increasing every year as brands need to explore new ways to reach consumers. This paper examines how the Internet complements traditional communication strategy by focusing on the company that has dominated the soft drink market during the last 130 years. A comparative analysis of the strategy conducted by Coca-Cola across three regions: the United States, Europe, and Asia, is presented. The consequences of each strategy on brand loyalty are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies of immigration policy, and especially those that theorize or explain the making and style of immigration policy, focus on Europe and North America. Is such regionalism justified, and is East Asia really so different? We examine a particular type of immigration policy: whether or not —despite global norms against ethnic discrimination--a state gives preference for return migrants who are ethnically similar but are citizens of another state. We also examine related preferences for co-ethnic foreigners. This topic has gained interest from scholars for its centrality in debates on nationhood and trans-nationality. We focus on four East Asian states (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China). We find that preferential ethnic return policy exists or has existed in both regions despite global nondiscrimination norms. However, we argue there are also some important regional variations. These include, first, a trend away from ethnic return preference in Western Europe though it is still found in Eastern Europe and East Asia. Second, Asian co-ethnic preferences are used instrumentally, for economic goals, at little cost to the state, and include preferences for skilled co-ethnics and co-ethnic investors. Eastern and Western Europeans discriminate in favor of co-ethnics to protect them or express symbolic ties, sometimes at great expense. The regional comparison exposes an apparent lack of economic rationality to European preferences, at least as compared to those in Asia, and points to future research to address causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the theoretical bases of empowerment, appropriation, identity and compares them with empirical analysis of the use of the Internet by groups of women in four different geographical areas: Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. A number of Web sites from these areas were selected to perform a content analysis and compare their use in reference to community service, social action promotion, women's involvement in political practices and forms of interactive communication.

The Induced Innovation Hypothesis treats relative scarcity of inputs as the major factor determining the direction of technical change in production activities. Technical change is generally induced for the direction of saving scarce inputs and using abundant inputs. However, there are cases in which institutions and policies determine the direction of technical change. This study examined the time-series data from Asian and European agriculture to derive general conclusions regarding the direction of technical change. Institutions and policies were found to be important determinants for the choice of technology besides relative scarcity of input resources. Policy implications were also derived for the future development of Serbian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet has transformed organizations' communicative behavior, the social system, and perhaps the values embedded within both. Organizations have been impacted by these changes within society, especially related to globalization and increased behavioral expectations. To cope with these external influences, organizations grapple with the question of 'who we are' as evidenced in publicized statements of values. Further, corporate values statements, available on organizations' websites, are strongly influenced by internal and external messages within the social system. Results from a semantic network analysis of the 2005 list of Forbes Global 2000 presented an accurate picture of the values of the current global economic system. North American, European, and Asian corporations were examined. Within the North American data, successful organizational functioning predominated with an external focus on all stakeholders. References to moral expectations of society tempered performance-related goals and reinforced the image of traditional American work ethic. The European data also emphasized organizational functioning and stakeholders. Superior performance, future-orientation, and accountability to society, emerged as important components. The data also linked culture, of which values are embedded, to organizational survival. In the Asian data, a long-term orientation and collectivistic dimension prevailed. Harmony and balance underlie all references to organizational operations. Though variations within all data sets appear, they focus on organizational functioning. Attention to the customer, as a value, was addressed within the context of performance, integrity, and balance. With the exception of the Asian data set, with its emphasis on balance, all stressed future, success-oriented approaches. A recognition of internal and external stakeholders predominated, along with an eye to global, social, and environmental concerns. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usage of information and communication technology (ICT) has become an integral part of higher education. Information literacy is included in the development of university curricula. The main goal of this comparative research conducted in six different countries was to estimate the level of student satisfaction with access to different sources of information literacy, such as computer technology and library resources. This research also demonstrates students' desire to improve their oral and written communication skills. Respondents were students from three universities in Europe (in Austria, Albania and Croatia), two universities in Asia (in Japan and China) and one university in North America (in the USA). Results were interpreted in the context of cultural differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the three key determinants of global strategic alliance survival. Global strategic alliances have suffered from high termination rate which has drawn researchers' attention to unveil the alliance survival phenomena. However, the research on why some global strategic alliances survive longer than others remains fragmented. The lack of the systematic accumulation of past research efforts calls for the need of integrative and theoretical framework for the analysis of global strategic alliance survival. In response to this call, this study developed the integrative model that incorporated the strategic, cultural, and social aspects of global strategic alliance survival; and empirically examined the impact of the three key survival determinants (i.e., interdependence from the strategic aspect, cultural congruence from the cultural aspect, and social connectedness between alliance partners from the social aspect) on the survival of global strategic alliances. Event history analysis was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 487 manufacturing global strategic alliances which involved one or more Japanese firms in Asia, North America, and Europe. The results showed that interdependence had more pivotal effects on the global strategic alliance survival than the cultural congruence and social connectedness between alliance partners. Finally, the findings provided several suggestions for future theory development and managerial implications for strategic decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation, will set out by describing past trends and how good sound policymaking helped make the United States a world leader in broadcasting and telecommunications and a role model for other countries. It will then describe the current diffusion of communications technologies across the globe and explain how countries in Asia and Europe have surged ahead of the United States by adopting more innovative policies. This will be followed by an analysis of why U.S. policy failed and, finally, recommendations for putting it back on track, leading into the other presentations on the panel. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime human trafficking is the third largest source of income for organized crime, surpassed only by drugs and arms trafficking, and the fastest growing criminal industry in the world (UNODC Annual Report, 2007). Migrants who are trafficked may be exploited by: being charged extortionate prices for their journey; having their money and belongings stolen; having their identities stolen (passports and other travel documents, identity cards etc.); and being trapped into dept bondage (Salt & Stain 1997, 472).Turkey's geographical position, standing like a natural bridge between Europe and Asia, made it a good transition country for trafficking flow. Nevertheless, especially over the last two decades, with its dynamic economy and seventy million populations, it turned into a destination country especially. Turkey has become the target country especially for those who misuse the inflexible visa policies from ex Soviet Union countries. Traffickers can easily make those people who want to subsidize their lives or have desire for better lives trafficking victims by using coercion, abduction or fraud. This study reflected and analyzed Turkey's legislative and policy responses to human trafficking focusing on especially for the last five years. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]