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From mathematics education, a great variety of studies have focused on analyzing the presence of digital technology from different points of view. Those who work with proof and argumentation have resisted presenting results with a technological component, due to the idea of formality associated with those terms, which has increased the existing tension between the theoretical and empirical nature of mathematics. Taking into consideration that with the presence of environments such as dynamic geometry software (DGS) the student can access to dynamic representations, we seek to understand the impact of the interaction with these representations on the arguments proposed by the students. For this, we carried out an exploratory and descriptive study whose results show that the interaction with dynamic representations provides students with validation tools different from those on paper. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

This paper describes the conceptions about complex numbers that a group of university students has, these were built from the application of an activity sequence centered on these numbers. This sequence is based on the APOS theory, some aspects of semiotic representation theory, and the use of digital technology. Particularly, both the general results of a pretest and a posttest are shown and compared. Additionally, the example of a student is analyzed to show evidence of how the mental structures and mechanisms that define the students' conceptions are built through the implementation of the sequence. The results show how the activity sequence allowed students to coordinate algebraic and geometric processes on complex numbers to improve their conceptions. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

In this proposal, we share research that explores the potential benefits of a novel Making experience within mathematics teacher preparation that we hypothesized would inform the pedagogical and curricular thinking of prospective teachers of elementary mathematics (PMTs). That experience had PMTs exploring at the intersection of content, pedagogy, and design to digitally design, 3D print, and share an original manipulative with a child to promote their mathematical thinking. We share several vignettes of our research that aim to discern some of the potential benefits the experience might offer PMTs. These take a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches at the intersections of teacher knowledge, identity, pedagogy, and design. Implications of our findings for teacher preparation and professional learning are provided throughout the paper and in its conclusion. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

The development and use of learning trajectories is a body of research that has made enormous contributions to the field of mathematics education, offering insight into the teaching and learning of topics at all levels. Simultaneously, the work of building learning trajectories can benefit from explicitly adopting an anti-deficit stance, incorporating ways to center student voices from an asset-based perspective. In this paper I propose two related constructs to support this work: decentering and second-order models. In decentering, researchers work to set aside their own knowledge to understand students' reasoning as viable. This can support models of student mathematics that position student thinking as rational, powerful, and productive. I provide one example of the work of decentering and discuss ways to build learning trajectories that emphasize students' strengths and competencies. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

Higher education equips people to inculcate the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in today's world. In India, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on key reforms in higher education that make ready the next generation to flourish and succeed in the new digital age. So the higher education system should ensure the quality meets the same. In this regard, the system needs to instill in students the hope for their success. Despite this, some students are lacking it because of the prevailing educational practices. The pass percentage of undergraduate students is not so high. This means that higher education is lacking something. The present paper reports on a qualitative exploration study using sequential semi-structured interviews on the perceptions and attributions of academically failed undergraduate students from the Malappuram District of Kerala (N=10). Reasons for their academic failure attributed to the Teacher, Curricular, Transactional, Learner and Institutional related practices in their undergraduate programme were identified and suggestions there for improvement of higher education practices were derived. The recommendations by the young learners can be implemented to make the higher education system more learner-friendly and the findings here will help to enhance the curricular reforms and improve the excellence of higher education.

This research attempts to add to the existing literature of language learning strategy uses by advancing our understanding of what language learning strategies (LLS) are preferred by learners who were given a one-year English education at two state universities and to find out whether strategy uses were directly related to being successful in language learning. A total of 286 students filled out a questionnaire called Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), participated in the study. For deeper information 6 students from each university were asked to answer interview questions. It also aimed at discovering what strategies the students mostly preferred and whether there were any changes in strategy choices at the end of the learning program. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between students' language learning strategy use and language learning levels. In addition, in the pre-test post-test comparison applied to see the possible effect of the preparatory education, it was observed that there was a positive increase in the use of language learning strategies by the students at the end of the preparatory education. Based on the results, the study is expected to contribute to the theory behind language teaching and learning in Turkey. Keywords: Language proficiency, Learning strategies, Preparatory education, University students, Turkish learners. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 89-102.]

Digital citizenship is an indispensable part of the new world shaped by digital developments and technology, so this study aimed to determine gifted and talented students' perceptions of digital citizenship as a leading key to the path to world citizenship. For this purpose, the qualitative analysis was used through semi-structured interview questions carried out with 40 gifted and talented high school students attending 9, 10, 11, and 12th grades in Science and Art Centers participated in Erzurum province. In addition, content analysis was used in phenomenology to analyze the conclusions of the research. As a result, the first findings, gifted and talented high school students answered the first question are accessed, security, and citizenship; the second findings are socialist, diverse source, rights, education, and virtuality in positive aspect; security, time, diversion, healthy, and belief in the negative aspect. The last findings are new laws and security measurements in supporting ways. Given the given categories, there is a need to create security measures, informational applications, and activities based on digital citizenship by means of new education program. Future studies could look at digital literacy, data management, and data security, which influence positive or negative perspectives of gifted and talented students on digital citizenship. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 116-129.]

THS is applied to Science High Schools, Social Sciences High Schools, Anatolian Technical Programs of Vocational and Technical Anatolian High Schools and Project schools for student selection. With THS, approximately 10 percent of more than one million students are placed in a secondary education institution based on their preferences. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the success of the THS Science test of the students who have just graduated from middle school and who took the THS exam and their middle school science course scores, gender, and socio-economic level. In this ex post facto research, a total of 101 students were involved in the sample. Majority of the students were male (n=54, 53.5%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that THS science score of participants were significantly and positively correlated with their 6th, 7th, and 8th grade science scores. The results of independent samples t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in THS science scores for male and female participants. Finally, the results of one-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in THS science scores by participants' socio-economic levels. Accordingly, students with high socio-economic level had higher scores from THS science test than students with moderate and low socio-economic levels. Based on this particular finding, policy makers are recommended to reconsider their efforts to provide equality of opportunity in education. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 225-231.]

The purpose of the present research is to examine secondary school students' attitudes towards refugee students in terms of some variables. The population of the research, which was designed in a single survey model, consisted of 40791 secondary school students studying in public schools in Pendik district of Istanbul in the second semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 355 students selected by simple random sampling method. A personal information form and the Attitude Scale Towards Refugee Students were used to identify the attitudes of students towards refugee students studying at their schools in collecting the research data. The scale consisted of 24 items with 3-point Likert type nand one dimension. As a result of the analysis, it was found that secondary school students' attitudes towards refugee students were at a "high" level. In addition, their attitudes towards refugee students did not differentiate significantly according to the gender of the students, the number of classes they study and whether there are refugee students in their classes, but according to the variable of the class studied, the attitudes of the 5th and 7th grade students towards refugee students were higher than that of the 6th and 8th grade students, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 185-197.]

The effective implementation of distance education (DE) depends upon users having a positive attitude towards it. Preservice teachers have been unprepared for unexpected change because of the pandemic, bringing increased involvement of various types of DE. This study examines the level and predictors of attitudes towards DE among 103 preservice teachers enrolled in various departments of a private university in Northern Cyprus. Determining the attitudes of preservice teachers towards DE is important regarding they can transfer their skills and competencies on DE to their students in the future. Using an online survey, consisting of the demography and Distance Education Attitude Scale (DEAS), as a data collection instrument, the study shows that preservice teachers possessed a low-level positive attitude towards DE. They believed that the importance of DE has been increasing day by day, but it is a luxury for their countries. Results show that preservice teachers had neutral attitudes through DE about increasing one's learning capacity and productivity and improving the quality of the education. T-test and ANOVA analyses indicated that the independent variables had no significant effect on preservice teachers' attitudes towards DE. It can be supposed that preservice teachers share a common ground in their attitudes towards DE. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 1-14.]

Bullying, which is a global public health problem, has serious effects on children and adolescents. If peer-bullying behaviors among primary-school children with various effects ranging from low academic achievement, anxiety and depression to suicide and substance abuse are not detected and intervened in a timely manner, they have the risk of continuing to increase in frequency. School climate is one of the most important factors in the emergence and elimination of bullying behaviors. Therefore, it is important to examine the frequency and types of bullying behaviors among primary-school children and the views of children about school climate, to reveal the in-school factors affecting peer-bullying and to create effective intervention programs. In this study, it was aimed to determine the frequency and type of bullying behaviors experienced at primary-school level in Çankiri Province and to examine students' opinions about school climate. The sample of the research consists of 590 primary-school students selected through cluster sampling from Çankiri Province. The data of the study were collected using the Colorado School Climate Survey. Descriptive analyzes were done on the data with the help of SPSS program. The research showed that physical and relational bullying is the most common type of bullying among primary-school students, and in case of bullying, the victims most often get help from their family or an adult at school. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 264-279.]

Thinking skills are instruments for meaningful learning and academic achievement and in relation, they are indispensable components of 21st century competencies. However, current Turkish policies do not define what thinking is and some inconsistencies regarding forms of thinking exist in different documents. Also, while teachers might not feel competent with teaching thinking skills, teacher education programs do not offer much to practice thinking skills. The analysis of coursebooks and curriculum also presents limited opportunities for thinking as well as Turkish sociocultural practices may reflect thinking as a negative or problematic concept. Regarding these problems, this study aims to explore pre-service teachers' experiences when they say, "I am thinking" via a phenomenological methodology. Participants (N=42) were recruited via convenience sampling methodology. Data were collected via focus group interviews (N=7) that included 5 to 7 participants. In each interview, participants described (1) thinking, (2) talked about the reactions to their thinking, and (3) named the proverbs that pertain to thinking. Data were analyzed via phenomenological reduction and horizons and structural themes were developed after bracketing was employed. Findings revealed that definitions of thinking highlight individualistic and universal characteristics, and functions of thinking pertain to skills. 80% of reactions to thinking were negative.Also, half of the proverbs highlighted negative connotations. This study suggest that thinking might not be initiated and shared safely as educational practices and cultural reminisces might not promote such intellectual actions. In this sense, curriculum and materials need revisions regarding sociocultural characteristics of Turkish society and pedagogies of thinking. [This paper was published in: "EJERCongress 2022 Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2022, pp. 252-263.]

Digital Study Assistants (DSA) are an emerging type of software that combines web-based software architectures, various data sources, and algorithms from artificial intelligence (AI) to assist learners in improving their learning-related behaviors. In this paper, we summarize the implementation and results of a field study with a DSA for hierarchical goal-setting (HGS) at the Bremen, Hannover, and Osnabrück universities from November 2021 to April 2022. The results show that 70% of students in the sample chose to get digital assistance for educational goal-setting, which is the highest interest rate among the nine assistance functions available. Of the 290 students who chose to use the assistant, only 10 completed the full assistive intervention, which equals only 3.4%. We conclude that we should improve the usability and user experience and reduce the interaction costs of the intervention.

Educational chatbots promise many benefits for teaching and learning. Although chatbot use cases in this research field are rapidly growing, most studies focus on individual users rather than on collaborative group settings. To address this issue, this paper investigates how chatbot-mediated learning can be designed to foster middle school students in team-based assignments. Using an educational design research approach, quality indicators of educational chatbots were derived from the literature, which served as a guideline for the development of the chatbot Tubo (meaning tutoring bot). Tubo is part of a web-based team learning environment in which students can chat with each other and collaboratively work on their group assignments. As a team member and tutor of each group, Tubo guides the students through the learning journey by different scaffolding elements and helps with content-related questions the students have. As part of a first design cycle, the chatbot application was tested with a school class of a technical vocational school in Switzerland. The received feedback suggests that the approach of team-based learning with chatbots has a lot of potential from the students' and teachers' point of view. However, the role distribution of the individual group members may have to be further specified to address the different needs of autonomous as well as more control-oriented students.

Due to the advances of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing, new kinds of Internet-based writing tools have emerged. Among other things, these AI-powered writing tools can be used by students for text translation, to improve spelling or for rewriting and summarizing texts. On the one hand, they can provide detailed recommendations for the adaptation of text elements within seconds. On the other hand, they also produce inconsistencies and errors, that students might not be aware of. How to deal with these tools in an educational context is a difficult question. Since writing tools are usually used unsupervised and without further instructions, students may need guidance from the teacher in interacting with those tools, to prevent the risk of misapplication. To better understand this underlying issue, the paper at hand uses survey data of 365 freshmen students to describe and analyze student perceptions of AI-powered writing tools. Regarding AI-powered writing tools, different student types were identified by using the k-means clustering method. The results suggest that students have different attitudes towards AI-powered writing tools. Some students may use them in an unreflective, non-sceptical way, which can lead to (un)voluntary plagiarism. Other students may not use writing tools at all, partly because they are sceptic, but also because they may lack meaningful learning strategies in general (course repeaters). Depending on the different student types, individualized teaching strategies might be helpful to promote or urge caution in the use of these tools.

Virtual universities have developed considerably over the past decade, particularly on the African continent. They provide a way to deal with the considerable need to educate a large young population, but the lack of physical space can be a drawback that prevents students from succeeding and increasing dropout compared to a more traditional face-to-face university. To limit these issues, some virtual universities have been opening Open Digital Spaces (ODS) to complement the virtual space and offer students a place where to work and solve pedagogical, technical or administrative issues. However, it is unclear how students actually make use of these ODS and which uses can be beneficial or detrimental to their success and limit dropout. In this paper we lead an exploratory study of the results of a large-scale digital survey in a major African Virtual University (N=2392 answers) to identify factors in the use of Open Digital Spaces (ODS) that have an impact on students' success and dropout. We analyzed the data using multiple Chi-Square tests of independence. Results indicate that students who visit ODSs more during the 2 weeks before an exam or only when it is mandatory are statistically less likely to succeed, contrary to students who come to work in groups or for the internet access who are more likely to succeed. Conversely, students who do not see the value of ODSs for learning and who visit only when mandatory are more likely to dropout, contrary to students who come when they have a pedagogical need or to work in groups who are less likely to dropout. Some factors particularly impact first year university students, highlighting the need to make them understand which use of the ODS are relevant to increase their chances to graduate.

English foreign language has recently become an obligatory subject in the elementary school curricula since the first grade in Albanian education system. This paper presents the attitudes of high school students towards the context of learning the language, addressed by two scales, according to International Attitude Motivation Test Battery, (Gardner, 2004): foreign language teacher evaluation and foreign language class evaluation. It also aims to find the variances of students' attitudes according to three groups of schools: urban public high school, rural public high school and non-public high school. The subjects in this research are N=1800 high school students from five main districts in Albania, by a random sample selection method. The analysis of descriptive statistics for mean values, frequencies of the variable "attitudes" and a two-way ANOVAs procedure to investigate for the variances of attitudes between the groups of schools. It resulted that from a Likert scale from 1-6, the mean value for the variable of attitudes was M=4.5, revealing that high school students have positive attitudes towards English language learning context, though not very highly positive. The research also found significant statistical differences of attitudes between the groups of schools at the value: p = 0.000 so p<0.05, F (2.1798) = 7.789. However the differences between the groups were very low. Post Hoc Tukey HSD procedure found that variances of attitudes for the urban public high school and rural public high school were at the value: 0.19161, p=0.00; for the urban public high school and non-public high school the difference was: 0.00426, p=1 and for the rural public high school and non-public high school the difference was: -0.14846, p=0.09. However, these results are significant only for the groups of urban public high school and rural public high school, p = 0.00, p <0.05. [For the full proceedings, see ED626668.]

Technology is changing traditional views of language teaching and learning, with generational and cultural differences influencing the ways that we interact with it. This paper describes an action research project undertaken at a university in Japan to understand how students use the Internet to prepare written assignments in L2, and the students' and their instructors' reactions towards this usage. Classroom observation and technology usage logs revealed that students use websites and applications to gather ideas at the start of the writing process, rather than coming up with ideas themselves. Thematic analysis of student journal entries suggests that many students disregarded the brainstorming method that they had been taught due to a lack of confidence either in their ideas or in their linguistic competence. Students did not identify this behaviour as dishonest, unlike 70% of the instructors interviewed. This mismatch in student and instructor views may lead to missed learning opportunities for the L2 writer. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

Virtual exchange projects have become an effective pedagogical method to support students' development of intercultural language competence. High-immersion experiences in Virtual Reality (VR) may offer an environment which is conducive to developing such competence. This paper reports on a pilot study carried out with two groups of university students (N=30) in the Netherlands and Germany. The students, involved in a virtual exchange using VR headsets, completed three tasks collaboratively. The aim of the study was to investigate participants' perception regarding (1) their collaboration with foreign peers within the VR setting and (2) the perceived usefulness of the tool. The researchers employed questionnaires and conducted interviews and focus groups. The audio recording transcripts from the VR encounters and students' reflective journals provide further data to triangulate the results. This pilot study provides first results with regard to virtual exchanges carried out in high-immersion VR. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

Crowdsourcing not only opens new perspectives within the general concept of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL), but also raises questions about ethics, motivation, and fair contribution. Technology offers platforms such as Duolingo, Bussu, and Babbel for learning languages with active contribution of the learners. Such applications reach millions of users. Thus, there is a need for initiatives to explore the potential of crowdsourcing for language learning. One of them is enetCollect CA16105 Combining Language Learning with Crowdsourcing Techniques, which is a European project within COST action. The aim of this paper is to disseminate the project's ideas as well as present some results of the research done by the author as her contribution to the project activities. The findings show that language learners are not heavy gamers and the feedback they receive is the strongest motivational factor towards crowdsourcing. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) has become very trendy in the field of language learning; however, while there are many studies that include WhatsApp, used here to connect cultures and/or widen participation, very few articulate how students view it or its impact in acquiring and developing linguistic, cultural, and intercultural competencies. This paper reports on ClerKing, a Franco-Jamaican telecollaborative project, which occurred in two phases between Applied Foreign Languages (AFL) students from University Clermont Auvergne (UCA), France, and Modern Languages students of French from Shortwood Teachers' College (STC), Jamaica. WhatsApp was used in both phases. Using the exploratory approach, this study seeks to provide insight into students' perception of the use of WhatsApp in the project, as well as possible moments of knowledge acquisition. Preliminary findings show that WhatsApp is considered to be practical, popular, and preferable. Students acquired knowledge about religion and homosexuality, improved on expressions, and strengthened their grammar. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

This paper examines and reports on ways of promoting teaching presence in foreign language online learning environments in Finland and Spain. 'Teaching presence' refers to all the tools and resources teachers use during online courses to deliver teaching, guidance and feedback, or situations in which they are present for their students. A qualitative approach was adopted, and data were collated from questionnaires completed by 34 teachers and 16 students involved in different online language courses at different educational levels. The aim was to examine (1) the extent to which students' views on feedback and teaching presence in online courses differ from those of teachers, and (2) the impact teaching presence has on student engagement and behaviour in online courses. Based on the polling data, both teachers and students find student engagement to be significant in fostering learning in an online environment. Students tend to be generally satisfied with teacher feedback. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

This paper explains details of a creative writing project aimed at increasing students' motivation to write in English and develop collaboration skills. Forty-eight first-year -- A2-B1 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) level -- English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners enrolled in a reading and writing course at a Japanese university and participated in a collaborative, project-based language learning task. In small groups, students created gamebooks (approx. 1,500 words) in the Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA) style using Google Slides. Both experiences from class and survey results suggest that students found the activity highly enjoyable and that their motivation to write in English increased. In the survey, many students also commented about the positive impact that this project had on their ability to express themselves in English while collaborating with their classmates, suggesting that the project fulfilled its two aims. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

The paper investigates Greek online students' and instructors' beliefs on the role that online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers play in synchronous online courses delivered through Skype. Fifty-six online teachers and 93 online adult learners participated in a quantitative research project answering two different online questionnaires. The results showed that most online teachers and learners are satisfied with their technological expertise. Students' levels of satisfaction with online courses is greater than teachers', while there is significant association between teachers' technology familiarization and their satisfaction with online instruction. Teachers' technological expertise is strongly associated with their opinion on the effectiveness of online language courses. Finally, both groups agree that it is primarily the teachers' responsibility to be familiarized with technology to support online education. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

This short paper reports the findings of a study exploring English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students' behavioral intention to use a high-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) system for learning paragraph structure. The study measured relationships between variables that may lead to learners' intention to use the high-immersion VR Reality system through leveraging a hypothesized theoretical framework based upon a widely used technology acceptance model. Quantitative data were collected from 134 Sino-British English as a medium of instruction by university undergraduate students enrolled in EAP classes by means of a post-participation questionnaire. A Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) exploratory analysis was executed. Results suggested that students' intention to use the high-immersion VR learning environment was primarily determined by its usefulness for learning and not how easy it was to use. Furthermore, the degree to which the learners felt confident in their ability to operate the system had a large impact on how easy they perceived it was to use. And finally, the antecedent conditions of learners had little impact on the students' perceived usefulness of the VR system. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

This paper examines a peer virtual exchange project between students at the University of Cyprus and the University of Latvia. The main purpose of this project is to develop intercultural awareness. Through telecollaborative tasks, students are asked to interact in a common discussion space around elements related to their cultural values. The aim of this paper is to discuss students' strategies for these online exchanges. The hypothesis this paper seeks to examine is that students do not express themselves freely in the discussion forums in order to protect their personal and national image. We are thus interested in the public self-image of the students, known as 'face'. Our findings identified politeness strategies and we are interested in the main reasons for their acts towards positive and/ or negative face. [For the complete volume, see ED609298.]

This paper concerns a virtual exchange project between the University of Virginia (UVa), United States, and an upper-secondary school in Pavia, Italy. Centred on the question of gender equality, the project has been designed to take place over three years (2018-2021) with a direct reference to Robert O'Dowd's transnational model of virtual exchange for global citizenship education, proposed in 2018. As an integrated part of the language learning curriculum, the project creates a virtual space which parallels the space-time of traditional class tuition, and which students can inhabit with a significant degree of autonomy. More specifically, this paper gives an account of how students, through real-world tasks, could develop global citizenship. [For the complete volume, see ED609298.]

As developments in technology progress, their use in education in general and in mathematics teaching specifically increases. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of technology use in mathematics lessons in the schools by examining prior research on the use of technology in mathematics teaching. Within the scope of the study, a literature review was conducted to examine a total of 46 graduate theses conducted in Turkey in the last two decades. Relevant studies were accessed using search keywords such as "mathematics teaching", "geometry teaching", "technology use", and "computer supported education" through Turkish Higher Education Council's online database of graduate disertations. The gathered these were read in detail and summarized using an annotation method. They were categorized according to their research problems and purposed in three main groups: studies investigating the effect of technology use on students' math achievement and attitude, studies investigating consequences of technology use on students' perceptions or opinions, and meta-analysis studies of technology use in mathematics education. They used mostly experimental research methods and focused mostly on achievement and attitude. Their findings reveal that the use of technology in teaching makes mathematics lessons more enjoyable, affects students' attitudes positively, increases achievement and makes concepts more meaningful through visualization. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

Out-of-class learning activities are educational activities that enable students to have learning experiences outside the classroom, beyond the traditional classroom environment. These activities can help students make learning more effective, develop their interests and increase their skills. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of social studies teacher candidates' out-of-class learning environments on their school achievement. Nineteen pre-service social studies teachers studying at Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Education participated in the study which was designed based on qualitative research approach. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through descriptive analysis. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that out-of-class learning environments increase student motivation and achievement as well as help students to control the learning process more and develop independent learning skills. It was suggested that educators can make the best use of this potential by organizing and supporting activities suitable for students' interests and that integrating out-of-class activities with in-class teaching can help students have deeper and more lasting learning experiences. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

The aim of this study is to develop a learning media on teaching Descriptive Text for first grader of Senior High School. This study was conducted with Research & Development (R&D) design. The source of the data are the students of one of Islamic senior high schools in Indonesia which consists of thirty-two students. To collect the data, online questionnaire for the students was administered to obtain the students' needs of learning media to learn descriptive text in the classroom and an interview with the classroom teacher was also conducted. Several procedures were conducted to develop the learning media as follows: Evaluation and Needs Analysis, Learning Media Design, Learning Media Development, Validation by Experts, Revision and Final Product. After accomplishing the Evaluation and Needs Analysis, it was found that the existing learning media used in the classroom to teach Descriptive Text was not interesting for most students and unable to enhance their ability especially in Speaking skills. It can be shown from the result of the questionnaire that 87.5% of students need a learning media to help them in improving their ability in English especially in descriptive text topic, and 46.9% of students prefer Speaking Board Game as their learning media. The product has been validated by experts respectively an English lecturer and an English teacher. The product result is Speaking Board Game which is the modified version of Snake and Ladder game acclimated with the basic competence of K13. The result of experts' validation showed that the learning media produced classified as an appropriate media to be used on speaking descriptive text by obtaining the average percentage 95.1% or categorized as excellent. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

The pandemic underscores the need for a blended approach, combining in-person and online education post-crisis. The lessons gleaned from the experience of pandemic-era education highlight the importance of emphasizing blended education in the post-pandemic context, which combines both in-person and online educational approaches. Effective use of blended education requires a clear understanding of students' perceptions of learning in such education and their needs for support. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore what are the students' perceptions of learning and what are the sources of support when students seek help in blended education. This exploratory study was carried out at a Dutch university, involving 537 students. Students' data regarding their perceptions of learning and their sources of help in blended education were collected through an online survey. The analysis of data regarding students' perceptions of learning in blended education revealed that, overall, a majority of students reported experiencing a high perception of learning in blended education compared to the previous academic year with mainly online education. In addition, a majority of students often search for answers in online resources when they seek help in blended education contexts. The results can provide insights into the effective implementation of blended education in higher education. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

In today's technology, there are rapid advances in the field of artificial intelligence. With the increasing involvement of artificial intelligence in daily activities, great changes are taking place in our habits. At this point, the necessity of educating students in accordance with the age of artificial intelligence emerges. Students' acquaintance with current technologies requires that the education provided is up to date. From these developments artificial intelligence, and its effects on society should be conveyed to students. The aim of the study is to implement the curriculum developed for middle school students to learn about the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence and to reveal students' views on the subject. Within the framework of the Artificial Intelligence and Ethics curriculum, 25 sixth grade students were trained. At the end of the training, a semistructured interview form was applied to the students. Students' views on the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence were revealed. As a result, education has been contributed with an artificial intelligence and ethics curriculum suitable for middle school students. In general, the approach of including the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence in education shows that middle school students can evaluate artificial intelligence as a personal and social issue beyond just having knowledge about its functioning. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

The aim of this study was to explore how students perceive their learning outcomes and satisfaction during an online peer feedback activity in the context of argumentative essays. In this study, 135 undergraduate Argumentative Essay Writing course on the Brightspace platform. In this module, students wrote an argumentative essay for the first session, and they provided peer feedback based on the guidelines for the second session. In the third session, students revised their essays based on the received feedback. In the end, students were asked to fill out a survey about their perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction. The results showed that students perceived domain-specific or general learning outcomes and learning satisfaction were high. These insights could guide educators and institutions in developing more effective online learning strategies, ultimately fostering improved student learning outcomes and satisfaction in the digital age. [For the full proceedings, see ED652261.]

In this study, it is aimed to examine the differentiation status of the participants in terms of some demographic variables in order to determine the anxiety of the students towards sports injury. This quantitative study was carried out in a descriptive survey model. The sample of the study consists of 317 participants from high school students who continue their education in schools administered by Onikisubat and Dulkadiroglu District Directorate of National Education in Kahramanmaras city center in Turkey. The data of the research are analyzed using the statistical software program Jamovi 2.3.16. As a result of the research, it has been found that the anxiety scores of the participants towards sports injury are moderate. In the sports injury anxiety scale, statistically significant differences have been found in terms of what kind of sports they do, how many days a week they do sports, and whether they are injured or injured while doing sports. As a result, with this research, students' anxiety about sports injury has been determined in terms of different variables. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]

Learners and faculty across three cohorts in a Master's of Medical Education program engaged in a structured reflection process to understand how they experienced the divergent educational approaches that resulted from COVID19. These experiences included in-person, emergency remote (hybrid), and virtual. We utilized the Describe, Examine, and Articulate Learning (DEAL) model to guide the learners' reflection processes and our analysis. We summarize the reflections, review emerging themes, and highlight key lessons learned. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

Academic advisors are crucial in higher education institutions, particularly at the graduate level. They provide students with guidance and support, helping them to navigate complex academic requirements and to develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their field. This proposal explores the concept of the "Ideal Type" advisor, and these interviews refer to an advisor with the qualities and characteristics most effectively supporting and guiding graduate students in education programs. We interviewed four graduate students in education programs; these interviews provided valuable insights into their experiences and perceptions of advisors and their expectations and needs. Thematic analysis will analyze interview data and identify common response themes and patterns. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

Graduate school experience is regarded as a "period of professional infancy" in which graduate students rely on a successful socialization process to help them develop a professional identity within the profession. Unfortunately, the socialization process has also emerged as a hotbed of academic bullying. In this study, 621 online public social media written posts were analyzed to further understand graduate students' experiences of academic bullying. Based on a thematic analysis, three themes emerged -- "mental gymnastics," hammering on all sides, and "nip this crap in the bud." Implications for academic leaders will be discussed. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]

This year's conference theme, "Informing, Reforming, and Transforming: The Vital Role of Adult Education in Challenging Times," challenged conference leaders to examine adult education from a different lens and consider new opportunities for research and practice that support the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education's (AAACE) motto of "transforming lives and communities." The proceedings reflect a combination of presentations featuring empirical research and practical application within the field of adult and continuing education. The proceedings is comprised of 24 papers that were presented at the fourth conference of the AAACE in Lexington, Kentucky, October 3-6, 2023. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

Exploring students' discourse in academic settings over time can provide valuable insight into the evolution of learner engagement and participation in online learning. In this study, we propose an analytical framework to capture topics and the temporal progression of learner discourse. We employed a Contextualized Topic Modeling technique on messages posted by undergraduates in online discussion forums from Fall 2019 to Spring 2020. We further evaluated if topics were originating from specific courses or more generally distributed across multiple courses. Our results suggested a significant increase in the number of general topics after the onset of the pandemic, suggesting emergent topics being discussed in a range of courses. In addition, using Word Mover's Distance, we examined the semantic similarity of topics in adjacent months and constructed topic chains. Our findings indicated that previously course-centric topics such as public health developed into more general discussions that emphasize inequities and healthcare during the pandemic. Furthermore, emergent topics around students' lived experiences underscored the role of discussion forums in capturing educational experiences temporally. Finally, we discuss the implications of current findings for post-pandemic higher education and the effectiveness of our framework in exploring unstructured large-scale educational data. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]

Within the last decade, different educational data mining techniques, particularly quantitative methods such as clustering, and regression analysis are widely used to analyze the data from educational games. In this research, we implemented a quantitative data mining technique (clustering) to further investigate students' feedback. Students played educational games within a week on the educational games platform, Legends of Learning and after a week, we asked them to fulfill the feedback survey about their feelings on the use of this platform. To analyze the collected data from students, firstly, we prepared clusters and selected one prototype student closest to the centroid of each cluster to interview. Interviews were held to explain the clusters more and due to time and resource limitations, we were unable to interview all (N=60) students, thus only the most representative students were interviewed. In addition to the students, we conducted an interview with the teacher as well to get her detailed feedback and observations on the usage of educational games. We also asked students to take an exam before and after the research to see the impact of games on their grades. Our results depict that though educational games can increase students' motivation, they may negatively impact some students' grades. And even though playing games made students feel interested and fun, they would not like to play them on a daily basis. Hence, using educational games for a certain duration such as subject revision weeks may positively influence students' grades and motivation. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]

We explored primary pre-service teachers' beliefs about challenging mathematical tasks and the role they perceived their initial teacher education played in influencing those aspects. Fifty-seven pre-service teachers completed an online questionnaire, and four participants were individually interviewed. Results showed that most participants recognised the importance of teaching with challenging mathematical tasks even prior to exposure to such content in their teacher education program. The teacher education program was perceived to have positively impacted final year pre-service teachers' perspectives about challenging tasks. Implications for teacher education regarding challenging tasks are discussed.

Despite curriculum expectations, many students, including a disproportionate number of girls, do not 'just know' (retrieve) single-digit addition facts by Year 3. The current study employed structured interviews to explore which strategies Year 3/4 students (n = 166) used when solving more difficult addition combinations. Results revealed that students preference the near-doubles strategy when the difference between the addends was one, the bridging-through-10 strategy when one of the addends was a nine, and the count-on-from-larger strategy when a derived strategy was more effortful. Moreover, whereas boys were more inclined to use derived strategies, girls were almost three times more likely to use the count-on-from-larger strategy.

In this study, the authors investigate the ways in which young students demonstrate their critical mathematical thinking (CMT). Students aged 5-6 who are beginning their first formal year of education participated in the study. Data is presented from individual clinical interviews undertaken with 16 students. These interviews were analysed using the Critical Mathematical Thinking for Young Students (CMTFYS) framework to identify common patterns in the responses. The findings suggest that these young students beginning school, most often rely on providing explanations and more specifically, justifying, to demonstrate their CMT.

The current study explored the reasons for students' preferences for the teach-first and task-first lesson structures, and whether students' preferences were influenced by their perceptions of the teacher's preference. Students (n=18) from two composite Year 3 and 4 classes (aged 8-10 years) completed a post-lesson drawing task and participated in a semi-structured interview following a series of lessons. Findings indicated students had a variety of reasons for their preference of lesson structure. Most focus students reported noticing aspects of the teacher's enjoyment during instruction. The results have implications for the way teachers inadvertently influence their students' own enjoyment of and preferences for instructional approaches.

In this research, activity of digital story were investigated by examining for the basic Turkish language skills of bilingual third grade primary school students. Volunteer teachers and their students were included in the study from the urban and rural schools of Sanliurfa in the southeastern region of Türkiye. Two primary teachers from urban schools and four primary teachers from rural schools in Sanliurfa and their third grade students were included in the study. During the study, 20 digital stories created and shared by teachers and students together. At the end of the digital story activities for basic language skills, interviews were conducted with teachers and students. Data was analysed from one-to-one interviews with teachers, focus group interviews with students and digital story documents. On the basis of data, it was concluded that making digital stories in class is a practice that increases the participation of bilingual third grade primary school students in the lesson by using their basic language skills effectively. It can be suggested that the activity of digital stories should be used for a longer period of time in all lessons in primary school and should be used to develop basic language skills in younger age groups such as kindergarten, first and second grade.

The purpose of this mixed method research study is to describe the experiences of faculty and students in post-secondary education institutions as they shifted to remote education at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to understand these experiences in the context of previous research about pre-pandemic remote or mobile education. One hundred and two participants in the study include full-time and adjunct faculty, undergraduate and graduate students. A convergent mixed method survey queried about participants' demographics, mobility experiences in terms of frequency of access to technology and a suitable learning/teaching environment and usefulness of various web and video conferencing and Learning Management Systems (LMS) tools to support education in this format. The findings indicate that on average, faculty and students report positive experiences, especially for participants who had prior involvement with online education. Qualitative data highlight challenges associated with access to technology, managing the out-of-classroom physical environment and balancing personal and education responsibilities at the time of the pandemic outbreak. These results have implications that may be relevant as the world of education evolves, applying lessons learned during the pandemic. Resource allocation, training faculty in remote education pedagogy and providing infrastructure support for students to improve mobile education experiences are crucial for success in the new normal world of higher education. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

Critical Thinking & Problem Solving belong to 21st century skills that enhance ways of thinking, learning, working and living in the world. When combined with well-designed educational activities, mobile technology has the capacity to foster these abilities. This study evaluates the Critical Thinking & Problem Solving skills of ninth-grade students who participated in mobile-supported labs. According to the findings of a questionnaire provided to students, their skills have improved. Students' written responses to open-ended questions before and after the mobile-supported Labs revealed interesting data about their improvement. Also, records of students' written discussions on the Viber-platform, throughout the process, revealed aspects of critical thinking & Problem Solving development. [For the full proceedings, see ED639391.]

Starting university studies, students must experience the transition from the familiar to the unfamiliar, encountering cognitive and social challenges. Universities need to be aware of this transition and provide an appropriate support mechanism that should be adapted to both first year students and senior year students. The aim of the study is: 1) the most important external changes and possible problems that students have to face when entering a university and continuing their studies; 2) identify the most important support mechanisms that students of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LBTU) would need before and during their studies. Based on Chen's proposed classification of external changes, students of LBTU Faculty of Information Technologies were surveyed. Respondents expressed their opinion about external changes during the transition to university studies. The research found that LBTU has support mechanisms for attracting students to the university, but there is a lack of effective support mechanisms for students in the study process. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

The present study deals with the mediation of statistics anxiety and motivation in the relationship comprising academic dishonesty, personality traits, and previous academic achievements in three different learning environments (Face to Face -- F2F, Planned Online Environment -- POE, and Emergency Remote Teaching -- ERT). Self-determination theory provides a broad psychological framework for these phenomena. Data were collected from 649 bachelor-degree students in Social Sciences at five Israeli academic institutions. Structural equation modelling was employed to investigate the research variables' relationships. Findings indicate that statistics anxiety mediates the relationship between personality traits and academic dishonesty in the POE and the ERT learning environments. Findings also indicate mediation of the relationship between students' achievements and academic dishonesty, but only in the ERT learning environment. In contrast, motivation mediates the relationship between students' achievements and statistics anxiety only in the POE learning environment. This study unveils that learning environments determine the mediating role of statistical anxiety. We discuss potential implications and suggest designing online courses according to student-centred approaches. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

The cultural norms involving privacy and online privacy in Qatar and the Persian (Arabian) Gulf are complex, based on both Sharia law and local Bedouin customs. Adding to the complexity of the topic is the demographic structure of Qatar: over 90% of Qatar's population consists of non-citizen expatriate workers and their families primarily from Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East comprising both Muslim-majority and non-Muslim-majority countries. The following chapter presents results, with a specific focus on privacy, of a mixed-methods longitudinal study on virtual learning environments in higher education in Qatar conducted from December 2020 to the time of writing. The goal of this research was to develop hypotheses and models about online privacy behaviors and attitudes in Qatar to assist instructors in understanding and respecting local privacy norms (the majority of higher education instructors in Qatar are non-Qatari), and to improve online student engagement and learning outcomes. Qualitative analysis of student focus group transcripts (n=95; 22 groups), expert faculty and student opinion, and a review of the current research literature revealed that: 1) privacy is a significant and pervasive concern in Gulf online educational contexts, especially for Muslim women, with an unexpected 'privacy paradox' 2) studying at home during government-enforced lockdown created novel privacy concerns (outsiders viewing the home and seeing and hearing other family members; and negotiation of private study / communal spaces within the home); 3) camera on/off policies and behaviors for synchronous learning precipitated complex and novel student behaviors; 4) dressing properly (modesty, hijab) for online classes was a concern specifically for Muslim women students; and 5) recording of lectures was a privacy concern for both faculty and students due to photography taboos in the Gulf related to tribal/family honor. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]