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This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from 23 to 25 of April 2022. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are several nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounters and development. InPACT 2022 received 364 submissions, from more than 35 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Virtual Presentations. 121 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from April 23-25, 2022. The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2021 proceedings, see ED622091.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2021, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), that this year has been converted into a fully Virtual Conference as a result of the ongoing Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2021 received 358 submissions, from more than 40 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Workshops. 117 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the virtual International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2021. The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2020 proceedings, see ED604955.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2023, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS), held in International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2023, held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 22 to 24 of April 2023. he goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are several nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounters and development. InPACT 2023 received 548 submissions, from more than 39 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 192 submissions (overall, 35% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference.

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2020, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), that this year had to be transformed into a fully Virtual Conference as a result of the Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2020 received 240 submissions, from more than 45 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Virtual Presentations and Posters. 75 submissions (overall, 31% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The conference also included: - One keynote presentation by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester; Chair, Association of Clinical Psychologists, United Kingdom). - One Special Talk by Prof. Dr. Matthias Ammann (PhD, Department of Social Sciences, Uminho; Psychotherapist and psychoanalyst at Equilibrium Oporto; Climate activist, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to our invitees. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to thank all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [This document contains the proceedings of the virtual International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2020. The proceedings were published by InScience Press. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2019 proceedings, see ED604954.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2019, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2019 received 322 submissions, from more than 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 107 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The conference also included: (1) One keynote presentation by Prof. Dr. Glenys Parry (PhD, CPsychol, FBPsS, Emeritus Professor, School of Health & Related Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom). (2) Two Special Talks, one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Prof. Dr. Luís Delgado (Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI) -- University Institute, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to thank all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [These proceedings were published by InScience Press. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2018 proceedings, see ED604953.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2018, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2018 received 386 submissions, from more than 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 126 submissions (overall, 32% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The conference also includes a keynote presentation by Dr. Saima Löfgren (BSc(Hons), MSc, DClinPsy, Clinical Psychologist, Visiting Lecturer at the Universities of Nottingham and Leicester, United Kingdom); and two Special Talks, one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Prof. Dr. Pedro Oliveira (MSc on Anthropology and Child Development, PhD in Social Anthropology, Clinical Psychologist, Member of the Portuguese Order of Psychologists, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [These proceedings were published by InScience Press. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2017 proceedings, see ED604951.]

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2017, taking place in Budapest, Hungary, from 29 of April to 1 of May, 2017. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2017 received 243 submissions, from 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 128 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) Two keynote presentations by Prof. Dr. Leslie G. Walker (Professor of Cancer Rehabilitation at the University of Hull, United Kingdom) and by Prof. Dr. Howard S. Schwartz (Professor of Organizational Behavior in the School of Business Administration, Oakland University, USA); and (2) Two Special Talks one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Dr. António Alvim (Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the papers of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2017), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This volume contains the papers and results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2016 proceedings, see ED580800.]

Supervision is a major component of psychology training programs. This paper explores the difference between "traditional" supervision received by a doctoral clinical psychology student and "live" supervision. In traditional psychotherapy supervision, practicum experiences generally require the student to see a client and then report back to the supervisor for feedback and direction regarding the client. Often, the supervisor has had little or no contact with the client. Supervision in the traditional mode has apparent limitations because it relies heavily on the recollections and interpretations of the trainee, which may be unreliable. With direct live supervision the supervisor watches an ongoing interview, enters the session and intervenes in the therapy process. The main advantage of live supervision, although costly in terms of time and funding of faculty, is that the trainees are able to more quickly perform the expected counseling skills since immediate feedback is available. (BF)

Adolescents may be ambivalent about consulting with adults, especially when it seems likely that the adult will take a rigid stance on issues. The focus of this paper is the development of counseling styles that expand the adolescent's world to include understandings and options not previously available. It may be useful to approach counseling with adolescents as a collaborative venture in which new stories or narratives are developed. Narrative approaches to counseling help clients sort through their experiences and develop their own definitions of the meaning of experiences in their lives. This process provides validation to clients and a sense of being in control of their own lives. The primary task for counselors is to become skilled at facilitating therapeutic conversations. To help counselors accomplish this task, several guidelines have been developed. Counselors should strive to: (1) maintain the "not knowing stance"; (2) to be open to and help generate alternatives; (3) think in terms of both/and rather than either/or; (4) assume the adolescent has strengths and resources; (5) be aware of their own values and beliefs; (6) work with the person, not the label; (7) include others in the counseling; and (8) work toward understandings. By taking a narrative approach, counselors may enter into the world of their adolescent clients and facilitate the generation of alternative meanings and understandings within the framework of this world. The narrative approach tends to elicit cooperation and investment from the adolescent and circumvent the power struggles which may occur when working with adolescents. (NB)

This paper presents clinical observations, experiences, and interventions from group psychotherapy when the main theme was molestation/sexual abuse. The findings presented are a synthesis of experiences in three areas: (1) the difficulty patients encounter when trying to disconnect with the negative effects of sexual abuse; (2) assessment and overlooked identification of co-existent issues that have hampered final resolution; and (3) techniques used to support closure of the sexual abuse and related issues. More commonly reported effects of sexual abuse are noted, including poor self-image, perpetrator behavior/acts of violence, promiscuity, poor sexual relationships, and difficulty with intimacy. Other overlooked issues in the sexually abused patient population also are identified and recurrent themes present in persons with sexual abuse histories are discussed in the areas of obesity, the use of substances, cultural sexual practices, gender identification issues, learning problems, and the fear of success. Intervention techniques are suggested that may help address the problems posed by these often overlooked issues. The interventions suggested are designed to help survivors resolve and bring closure to their negative life experiences. (NB)

This study delineates personality correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD.) A standardized projective technique (the Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale were administered to 52 ADHD children, ages 6-15. Results indicated that, when compared to the RATC standardization sample, ADHD children had little ability to cope with their feelings, had little awareness of problems in their environment, perceived only marginal support from their environment, were highly depressed, and perceived much aggression in their environment. The paper concludes that psychotherapeutic approaches should focus on increasing the supports available in the child's environment, relieving depression, enabling the child to appropriately express anger, and improving their problem-identifying and problem-solving abilities. (27 references) (JDD)

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, is aimed ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2016 received 332 submissions, from 37 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 96 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) A keynote presentation from Prof. Dr. Richard Bentall (Institute of Psychology, Health & Society of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom); (2) Three Special Talks, one from Emeritus Professor Carlos Amaral Dias (University of Coimbra, Director of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Private practitioner of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Portugal) and Prof. Clara Pracana (Full and Training member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal), another from Emeritus Professor Michael Wang (University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and a third one from Dr. Conceição Almeida (Founder of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy, and Vice-President of the Board. Member of the Teaching Committee, Portugal); (3) An Invited Talk from Dr. Ana Vasconcelos (SAMS--Serviços de Assistência Médico-Social do Sindicato dos Bancários de Sul e Ilhas, founding member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and member of NPA-Neuropshycanalysis Association, Portugal). Thus, we would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the abstracts of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). This conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program six main broad-ranging categories had been chosen, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; and Addiction and stigmatization. (4) In LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) In COGNITIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) In PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters by sharing their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. Authors will be invited to publish extended contributions for a book to be published by inScience Press. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, partners and, of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]

This paper discusses three serious cognitive-emotive errors clients make when they are confronted with situations that block their important goals and how to act against self-defeating errors and move on to greater mental health and self-actualization. Three of the main ways in which clients think, feel, and act against their best interests are: (1) they evaluate their own performances and try to correct and improve them, but along with that they rate their total self, their being, their personhood; (2) people evaluate others' ideas and feelings, and they often make global ratings of others; (3) people rate their environmental conditions as good or bad. As such, clients are actively encouraged to achieve three highly important cognitive-emotive-behavioral states: (1) unconditional self-acceptance; (2) unconditional other-acceptance; and (3) high frustration tolerance. (EMK)

Certain interactional theorists propose that for counseling/psychotherapy to be effective, the therapist must control the definition of the therapy relationship. Although the relationship between patterns of relational dominance/control in counseling and counseling outcome seems reasonably well established, little is known of the relationship between dominance (as a process variable) and measures of relational quality (e.g., evaluations of "therapeutic alliance" and of session depth and smoothness). The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of relational dominance within and across psychotherapy cases to investigate its relation to relationship quality. Interview transcriptions and therapy process ratings of seven full-length psychotherapy cases served as the basis for this study. Cases ranged from 12 to 20 sessions. The results did not evidence a consistent relationship between relational dominance and any of the relationship quality measures (whether rated by client or therapist). Results suggest that relational dominance/control is not a significant factor in client or therapist evaluations of the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Therapist control of the definition of the therapy relationship appears to neither enhance nor detract from the participants' evaluation of their working alliance or of the depth and smoothness of their sessions together. Includes extensive graphs and charts. Contains 48 references. (Author/JBJ)

Analyses of the efficacy of group psychotherapy indicate that group therapy demonstrates, in a majority of reviews, significant improvement over inert comparison groups and proves comparable or superior to other active treatment conditions. Because group therapy is a viable cost-efficient treatment option being used with increasing regularity among diverse populations, and with varying structural formats, a central task demanding attention is careful analysis of the differential effectiveness of group therapy across treatment variations or dimensions. Using a common measuring standard called an effect size, meta analyses can represent the average amount of change one could expect in the average client who receives a given treatment. The present study sought to explore systematically the relationships between improvement rates in group psychotherapy (effect size) and several treatment, therapist, client, and methodological variables using meta-analytic techniques. The review was based on the cumulative results of 12 years of group psychotherapy outcome literature. Results were reported on: component characteristics; post treatment change comparisons--treatment type comparison with wait-list controls, group treatment type comparison, outcome source comparison on post-treatment change, and outcome content comparison on post-treatment change; and pre- post-treatment change comparisons--client population/diagnosis client gender, composition, and attrition. Contains 47 references. (JBJ)

The past decade has witnessed a growing awareness of the prevalence and consequences of childhood sexual abuse. This paper presents findings from numerous studies which indicate that adult survivors of incest suffer from devastating personal and interpersonal difficulties. Recent studies on incest claim that some 20 percent of females and over 16 percent of males, suffered an incestuous episode at some point in their childhood. Survivors often reveal in therapy a variety of cognitive, emotional, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. These problems and their interactions form the incest survivor syndrome. Because of the powerful consequences of incest on the victim, a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder needs to be given to the survivor in addition to the diagnosis of the presenting complaint. A dual diagnosis will assist the clinician, the patient, and his/her family in normalizing the presenting problems and in depathologizing the survivor. The multiplicity of survivors' problems calls for an integrative treatment approach which is technically eclectic, including among other strategies and techniques, cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, and family systems work. Additionally, treatment of married survivors, or those in committed relationships, should include spouses or partners. (Contains 49 references.) (RJM)

During psychotherapeutic work, couples typically present distinctly contradictory stories about their life together. This paper explores how a psychotherapist may promote mutually beneficial change for couples who contradict each other. One suggested tactic is a non-impositional approach to therapy using a narrative-oriented context. Such a tactic offers a conceptual point of reference for the therapist and the couple as they search for common ground. This orienting concept, called "preferred view," assumes that problems between people develop from the mishandling of ordinary difficulties which often arise during key transition points. These subsequent disjunctive perspectives create problems which cause views of self and others to become increasingly fixed and which leads to more restricted actions. The narrative common ground is obscured because each person holds a jaundiced view of the other. By understanding a problem's evolution, the therapist may develop a strategy for resolution. The therapist may then expand the narrative landscape by asking interested, curious, and respectful questions which do not threaten the client's preferred view. As the disjunctiveness decreases, the therapist is better able to suggest alternative explanations--the "preferred view"--for a problem's evolution which fit how people want to be seen by others. (RJM)

Antidepressant medications are the most popular treatment for depression in the United States, despite the fact that there may be more effective and safer alternatives. This paper discusses alternative, effective psychological interventions for unipolar depression. Studies that compare and contrast psychological and pharmacological treatments for depression are highlighted. Evidence suggests that psychological interventions, particularly cognitive behavior therapy, are at least as effective as medication in the treatment of even severe depression, for both vegetative and social adjustment symptoms, and especially so when long-term follow-up is considered. Highly effective marketing strategies by pharmaceutical companies have tended to blur this evidence. Some suggestions are offered to help the clinician deal with the pharmaceutical media blitz and distinguish science from advertising. Clinicians are urged to resist the temptation to deliver an apparent quick fix in the form of a pill despite pressure from the medical establishment, the media, and even the patient. People underestimate the power and cost-effectiveness of a caring confidential psychotherapeutic relationship in the treatment of depression. The data indicate that there is no stronger medicine than cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for depression. (Contains 71 references.) (RJM)

Adult survivors of childhood abuse are some of the more difficult and challenging patients in psychotherapy. This paper applies a transpersonal model of empathy to therapeutic work with these individuals. The transpersonal model of empathy extends traditional humanistic models which strive towards "advanced accurate empathy" to the level at which, through intuition and personal spiritual growth, the therapist is able to create a profound unitary, healing bond with the patient. Basic and advanced levels of empathy may alleviate isolation and provide some emotional resolution for adult victims of abuse; the use of transpersonal empathy serves to undo in a present experience what the abuse served to accomplish--it helps the patient, who was disconnected as part of the abuse, re-connect to a deeper sense of self which is intimately connected with life outside itself. Several cases are presented to illustrate how the various levels of empathy interact with treatment of adult abuse victims. Two tables summarize the transpersonal model of empathy and the effects of transpersonal healing. (Author/RJM)

This paper outlines a psychologist's insights about traditional American Indian healing, gleaned through 20 years of friendship with and observation of Lakota medicine men. These insights include the following: (1) the power of traditional Lakota medicine comes from vision; (2) the healer's role is related to family history; (3) the process of becoming a medicine man is arduous, involving the quest for a vision and an ongoing commitment to intense personal growth through ritual; (4) Lakota healing rituals often produce dramatic results in a short period of time, but persistence of a cure depends on the presence of a healing community that directs spiritual energy toward the cure; (5) healers suffer and endure much because their commitment to others places no limits on the demands of others; and (6) the healing environment is dispersed throughout the community and is able to renew itself, but a healer must act as pivotal person in bringing this energy to the person needing help. Reflection on traditional healing practices and the medicine man's role raises many questions concerning the practice of Western psychotherapy and the training of psychologists. These questions involve the spiritual source of a student's desire to be a therapist, the necessity for professionals to pursue personal growth and knowledge about their own possibilities and limits, the nature of a cure, the nature of a healing community and how it is created, and the origins of healing in spirituality. (SV)

Gender Aware Therapy (GAT) has developed in recent years to synthesize feminist theory and knowledge about gender into principles of therapy equally applicable to both men and women. This paper briefly examines the roots of Gender Aware Therapy and describes its principles: (1) conceptions of gender are seen as integral aspects of psychotherapy and mental health; (2) personal problems are considered within their societal context; (3) the therapy actively seeks to change gender injustices experienced by women and men; (4) it emphasizes development of collaborative therapeutic relationships; and (5) it respects clients' freedom to choose views, behaviors, and feelings which are most congruent for them. Psychological concerns specific to male clients for which conceptions of gender may be especially salient are then discussed, and implications of conducting therapy from a gender aware perspective are explored. Finally, some cautions regarding therapy from a perspective of heightened gender awareness are discussed. Twenty-seven references are included. (TE)

This paper defines a useful strategy for therapists working with adolescents which includes: (1) a general model of the group leader's responsibilities and (2) a cataloguing of some of the specific impediments for both adolescent peers and the therapist that prevent effective communication. The goal of the group therapy is to identify the specific impediments and distorted transference relationships. Unlike conventional leaders the group therapist makes no bid for power. He searches out the silent and negative members spontaneously and, at the same time, is concerned with the group as an effective growing unit. The problems encountered in this context are those of peer transference and leader countertransference as barriers to effective communication. Some transference themes described are: attitudes toward authority and peers; acting out; silence; and somatization or the technique of handling stress by somatic symptoms. Conversely, countertransference reactions of therapists are listed: omnipotence; fear of self-disclosure; overidentification with the adolescent; or somatization and blind spots, i.e., the therapist becomes alerted to his own anxiety or depression by symptoms such as headaches, flushing, nausea, cramps. In summary, the paper presents a general model of the effective group therapist and his major responsibilities for both cognitive and positive emotional leadership. (Author/RJ)

This paper discusses the effects of pretraining counseling clients for group therapy sessions. In an attempt to speed the group process and give maximum coverage to all college students requesting group therapy, pretraining experiences were given to members of three experimental groups and were compared to one control group. The experimental conditions were: (1) there was no active input from experimenter, and the group was left alone "to get to know one another"; (2) subjects listened to tapes which explained some of the goals of group therapy and were allowed to role-play; (3) structured T-group experiences were provided. The findings suggested, first, that the types of pretreatments employed were relatively ineffective in influencing the subsequent process in the groups. The interactions in the groups seemed to be much more highly influenced by the activity, or lack of it, on the part of the leader. More active leaders tended to have groups in which discussion centered on personal material, while less active leaders had groups in which discussion centered on impersonal topics. Groups which rated themselves as most improved tended to be those in which there was more discussion of personal feelings and where the leader was more active. (Author/PC)

This paper reviews the current status of psychotherapy for women from a feminist perspective. It examines the sexist prejudices and biases of traditional psychotherapies and psychological approaches; notes the manners in which therapy has often tended to reinforce the traditional sex role stereotyping and the women's consequent negative self image; explores available corrective theories that would lessen sexist bias; examines possible models of feminist therapies; and places the latter in the broader framework of psychological and Psychotherapeutic theories. The author also relates to emerging alternative support systems increasingly available to women; examples such as crisis counseling, consciousness-raising groups, etc. are also discussed. The author provides an extensive bibliography on methods, research and practices of psychotherapy with regard to women. (NG)

Learning disability is suggested to be a dissociative reaction (school shock) similar to shell shock in wartime requiring appropriate theoretical and remedial approaches. Psychoanalytic and learning theory viewpoints are applied to the nature of learning disabilities. Also considered are the relation of anxiety to achievement and hypnosis to dyslexia. It is proposed that the concept of minimal brain damage be replaced by "minimal dissociative reaction." Suggested are such teaching methods as tachistoscopic presentation of reading material, encouragement of anxiety-reducing psychomotor activity (such as gum chewing) during intellectual effort, hand pacing while reading, and male/female teaching pairs. (DB)

The paper discusses the six major ego functions, ego disturbances in mentally retarded children, and case examples of the use of art therapy to promote ego development. Identified are the following ego functions: control and regulation of instinctual drives, autonomous functions, reality testing, object relationships, defense, and synthesis. The mentally retarded child is seen to develop maladaptive ego functions including an inability to control drives, delayed or deficient autonomous functioning, poor reality testing, impaired development of object relationships, primitive defense mechanisms, and inability to synthesize major ego functions. Six case studies are discussed to show the way that art therapy can help the retarded child develop appropriate ego functions. (DB)