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Comments on an article about private banking in the United States. Discussion on the work of economist Herman Kross; Details of economic history; Perception on the role of private bankers.

Comments on articles about economic and business history in the United States. Details of private banking; Views on capital accumulation.

Comments on an article about the agricultural productivity of Pennsylvania in 18th century. Discussion on economic development; Details of income distribution; Performance of the agriculture sector in the state.

Popular and prize-winning writer Norman Mailer has advanced a view of American politics and society that he calls ‘left conservatism.’ This paper analyzes elements of Mailer's critique and describes how the parts fit together. Special attention is given to his interpretation of economic history and social psychology, his vision of moral health that he associates with the term ‘hipster,’ and his fear of a new political mentality in the United States that he conveys through a neologism, the ‘wad.’ The paper closes with a sketch of the ways Mailer's left conservatism both dovetails with and departs from the concerns and arguments of other contemporary American conservative thinkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an estimation of the volume of unaccounted currency issued during the middle two quarter of the 19th century in the United States. Significance of the phenomenon; Details of the emergence of unaccounted money.

The article informs that the sixty-fourth annual meeting of the Economic History Association will be held in San Jose, California from 10-12 September, 2004. Many of the sessions will be focused on the theme "Technological Change and Economic Growth in History." The program committee encourages submissions that provide a historical or interdisciplinary perspective on key issues in technological change, social and economic innovation, productivity, and economic growth. Graduate students are encouraged to attend. Complete information regarding the program schedule and other details are provided in the article.

This paper examines political influences over U.S monetary policy, analysed quarterly from 1953 to 2000. We use indicators of presidential and congressional ideology as predictors of actor preferences and as representative of overhead democracy. We also include several economic variables predicting percent change in the federal funds rate. While not surprised to find that economic conditions are important in explaining Fed decisionmaking, we also find that the theory of overhead democracy also contributes to the explanation. Initially, both presidential and congressional ideology are important but in a combined model, presidential variables wash out influence of congressional variables. Thus, we conclude that overhead democracy must be included in models predicting Fed decisionmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents summaries of several dissertations on economic history. Analysis of the surge of industrial mergers in the United States between 1898 and 1902; Examination of railroad cartels and the establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission in the 1880s; Examination of the applicability of macroeconomics for the historical analysis of the economic conditions in Great Britain.

Comments on an article which analyzed the history of working women, black or white, in the urban south of the United States during the 19th century. Approach used to test the observed differences between the work habits of black and white women; Reason behind the presence of errors in the analysis.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper comparing the effect of the economy on the health of industrial workers in the U.S. and Great Britain in the late 19th century.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on public utility ownership in the U.S. in the 19th century.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on the public ownership of the U.S. waterworks from 1897 to 1915.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on private investments and government subsidies in the cotton trade in Texas.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on the impact of the 1929 economic depression on the progress of technological innovations in the U.S.

Traces the root of federal budget in the United States. Expectation of fiscal reformers from the adoption of a formal budget; Lessons learned from the successes and failures of a previous generation of reformers.

Argues that the coalescing of business, military and political interest groups in support of a military build-up in the United States during peacetime occurred in the years between the Civil War and World War I. Insight into the origin of the military-industrial complex in the United States; Warning issued by former United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower in his farewell address to the American people in 1960.

Traces the economic condition of farmers and other rural inhabitants in colonial Massachusetts during the 1650-1753 period. Reason for the economic decline of the region during the eighteenth century; Arguments advanced about the standard of living during the period.

Focuses on a study which analyzed the distribution of land in North Carolina in the early colonial period. Background on the agrarian economy of the state; Importance of land and the problems with distribution; Models and sources of data.

Discusses studies concerning United States economic history during the early twentieth century. Insight on the lower income groups in the 1920s; Relationship between per capita income and state shares of the top one and five percent of the population.

Comments on an article by Richard Sylla from the March 1982 issue of `The Journal of Economic History,' which deals with the failure of economic historians to devote attention to the phenomenon of United States monetary innovation. Role of economic growth in monetary innovation; Analysis of monetary theories explaining the phenomenon; Reflection on Sylla's work.

Comments on several articles about the economic history of the United States. How the relationship of capital to deposits is best treated; Issue over the use of a consumer price index; How wealth could grow without affecting income.

Today, German machine toolmakers accuse their Chinese competitors of violating patent rights and imitating German technology. A century ago, German machine toolmakers used the same methods to imitate American technology. To understand the dynamics of this catching-up process, we use patent statistics to analyze firms’ activities between 1877 and 1932. We show that German firms deployed imitating strategies in the late nineteenth century and the 1920s to catch-up to their American competitors. The German administration supported this strategy by stipulating a patent law that discriminated against foreign patent holders and by delaying the granting of patents to foreign applicants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on the effect of U.S. silver mining on Spain's economy from 1501 to 1650.

Weaknesses within the check-clearing system played a hitherto unrecognized role in the banking crises of the Great Depression. Correspondent check-clearing networks were vulnerable to counter-party cascades. Accounting conventions that overstated reserves available to corresponding institutions may have exacerbated the situation. The initial banking panic began when a correspondent network centered in Nashville collapsed, forcing over 100 institutions to suspend operations. As the contraction continued, additional correspondent systems imploded. The vulnerability of correspondent networks is one reason that banks that cleared via correspondents failed at higher rates than other institutions during the Great Depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the economic history and the causes, costs and consequences of war in the U.S. over the past four decades. He accounts on the attack, which began at the end of the 1950s mounted by a group of economic historians on the existing explanation of the war. He also deals with his own experience in exploring the economic and political factors that produced such conflict in the country.

The contribution to growth from the steam engine-Industrial Revolution icon and prime example of a "General Purpose Technology"-has remained unclear. This article examines the role that a particular design improvement in steam power, embodied in the Corliss engine, played in the growth of the U.S. economy in the late nineteenth century. Using detailed data on the location of Corliss engines and water-wheels and a two-stage estimation strategy, we show that the deployment of Corliss engines served as a catalyst for the industry's massive relocation into large urban centers, thus fueling agglomeration economies and further population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the key institutional and scientific developments that facilitated the innovations in biological technologies for the U.S. cotton production from 1928 to 1960. Test for market failure; Average price differential; Acreage and production of certified cotton seed.

In 1842 Lowell textile firms increased weaving productivity by assigning three looms per worker instead of two. This marked a turning point. Before, weavers at Lowell were temporary and mostly literate Yankee farm girls; afterwards, firms increasingly hired local residents, including illiterate and Irish workers. An important factor was on-the-job learning. Literate workers learned new technology faster, but local workers stayed longer. These changes were unprofitable before 1842, and the advantages of literacy declined over time. Firm policy and social institutions slowly changed to permit deeper human-capital investment and more productive implementation of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the Lower South of the United States, emphasizing Metropolitan development and regional financial centers. Reference to the founding of the Fed in Lower South; Circumstances surrounding a delay in development of regional financial centers; Details on the urbanization and the emergence of South Cities between 1860 and 1920; Recollection of the history of the Fed.

Examines the differences in the farming practices of the Amish during the period 1850 to 1880 in light of Amish culture using information from federal census schedules. Accomodation of technological change; Adoption of distinct patterns in investment to ensure the survival of their religious culture; Agricultural productivity; Explanations of productivity differential; Bequest motive.

Draws on manuscript data sources covering the western countries of Virginia between the late 1780s and 1860, suggesting that this region was not isolated from many of the principal forces which drove price level changes in the coastal commercial centers. The development of a national commodity market early in the nation's history; A decline in absolute differentials across time; Transportation and communication improvements; Indexes of real wages.

Responds to the criticisms made by author John Hanson on an article about the role of labor inefficiency in the industrial development of poor countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Objections of the author to the article's claim; Arguments cited by Hanson on the importance of labor efficiencies to industrial development.

Deals with a study which investigated the economic condition of the manufacturing industry in the southern region of the United States from 1880 to 1905. Difficulty experienced by the region in its efforts to industrialize; Impact of high information and transaction costs on industrial promoters; Effect of the lack of investment capital on southern manufacturing firms.

Analyzes the impact of the New Deal on business investment in the United States during the 1930s. Details on the response of investment to the outcome of elections; Rejection of the hypothesis that the New Deal frightened off business investment.

Provides information on a study that documented the emergence of a market economy in rural Massachusetts from 1730 to 1838. Evidence of increased portfolio liquidity; Transaction costs; Appearance of developmental institutional change.

Questions the idea that the American frontier provided an opportunity for the poor in the United States to better themselves. Who postulated the safety-valve theory.

Examines the merger movement between World War I and the Great Depression that played an important role in the evolution of the United States banking industry. Complete statistical series on mergers; Analysis of the factors that contributed to the merger; Dimensions of the merger movement.

Examines the causes of bank failures in the United States in 1930. Factors to be accounted for the bank closures; Interpretation of the economic aspect of bank failures.

Looks at the distribution of personal incomes in the United States (U.S.) during the 1929-1939 period. Status of regional disparities in the U.S. when it entered the Great Depression period; Influence of property incomes on income shares for the top one and five percent of the population.

Compares cross-sectional estimates of the age-wealth profiles from 1774-1962 in Utah households. Discussion on the identification problem that distorts measurement of the life cycle when cross-sectional or cohort data are used; Changes in household life cycles and life cycle behavior through time; Effect of foreign birth on income and wealth.

Explores the implications of the life cycle for measurements and interpretations of standards of living in colonial Connecticut. Elaboration on the effect of change in status on the material needs and wants of people; Identification of several levels of economic welfare at different stages of life.

Explores the life style patterns and standard of living in Chesapeake, Virginia households by mid-eighteenth century. Change in the spending habits of Chesapeake settlers by 1730s; Priority of the economic elite during the period.

Looks at the measurements made in the 1920s of living standards among farmers in the United States by the Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Social Darwinism principle underlying the assessment made on farm living.

Presents a study on the economic impact of the cotton industry in California. Institutional and environmental settings associated with cotton cultivation in California; Importance of agriculture on California's economy; Economic history of cotton in California.

Examines the interaction between capitalist and noncapitalist class relations in Massachusetts during the 17th-century. Review of related literature; Significance of class relations to capitalism.

Comments on several studies on conspiracy history. Effect of the Green Revolution policy in Pakistan during the British occupation on the funding for agricultural research in Great Britain; Analysis of the conspiracy among automobile manufacturers in the United States to replace the urban transit system with motor vehicles.

Examines the hypothesis that barriers to capital mobility in Wisconsin from 1870-1914 were due to the monopoly power of local bankers. Findings of Lance Davis on the increased regional interest rate differentials and its subsequent narrowing by 1914; Assessment of the influence of local competitive conditions on bank lending performance in Wisconsin; Reason for the limited influence of market conditions on bank lending performance.

Focuses on how Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe during 1890-1914 pursued economic opportunities in the United States (U.S.). Reasons Jewish immigrants were able to take advantage of economic opportunities in the U.S.; Accomplishment of the immigrants after ten to fifteen years of residence in the U.S.

Examines data which documented the employment experiences of immigrants in manufacturing industries in the United States during the turn of the 20th century. Indication of the regression analysis; Basis for confirming the occurrence of discrimination.

Comments on a series of articles focusing on economic history. Purpose of the utilization of records of two iron manufacturers in colonial Pennsylvania and Maryland; Advantages offered by investment in iron manufacture.