100,101 results
Search Results
2. 55‐3: Invited Paper: Flexible Hybrid Electronics Using Display Infrastructure
- Author
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Terry Wang, Heng-Yin Chen, Steve Chiu, Shau-Fei Cheng, Cheng-Chung Lee, Frank Yang, and Hsin-Cheng Lai
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Flexible display ,Electrical engineering ,Electronics ,business - Published
- 2021
3. Toward Wearable Energy Storage Devices: Paper-Based Biofuel Cells based on a Screen-Printing Array Structure
- Author
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Yoshinao Hoshi, Masayuki Itagaki, Tomohiro Tanaka, Seiya Tsujimura, Isao Shitanda, Naoto Watanabe, and Misaki Momiyama
- Subjects
Engineering ,Wearable computer ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Energy storage ,Electrochemistry ,Array data structure ,array structure ,business.industry ,Communication ,Electrical engineering ,paper-based device ,biofuel cells ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Communications ,biofuels ,0104 chemical sciences ,Power (physics) ,Biofuel ,Screen printing ,ink printing ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Parallel array ,Biofuel Cells - Abstract
A novel paper‐based biofuel cell with a series/parallel array structure has been fabricated, in which the cell voltage and output power can easily be adjusted as required by printing. The output of the fabricated 4‐series/4‐parallel biofuel cell reached 0.97±0.02 mW at 1.4 V, which is the highest output power reported to date for a paper‐based biofuel cell. This work contributes to the development of flexible, wearable energy storage device.
- Published
- 2017
4. Life Estimation of Thermally Stressed Insulating Papers of Rotating Machines by Using Arrhenius Model
- Author
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Natla Sudheer Reddy, Chilaka Ranga, and Raj Kumar Jarial
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Arrhenius equation ,Materials science ,Dielectric strength ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Electrical engineering ,Extrapolation ,Electrical insulation paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Copper conductor ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Arrhenius plot ,Kapton ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,symbols ,engineering ,Breakdown voltage ,Composite material ,business - Abstract
In the present study, life estimation of accelerated aged insulating papers used in rotating machines is estimated by Arrhenius model. Various types of insulating papers used in rotating machines such as Mylar, Nomex-Mylar-Nomex(NMN), Leatheroid, Dacron-Mylar-Dacron(DMD), Mica Tape, and Kapton are thermally aged at 90°C, 130°C and 170°C with 300hrs duration of each sample. These insulating materials wrapped on copper conductor with single and double layer. Then, breakdown voltage test is performed at each temperature for both single and double layer papers to determine their dielectric strength. Further, correlation analysis between breakdown voltage and different applied temperatures is performed for all paper samples. Popular Arrhenius plot is drawn by short term test data on breakdown voltage for an extrapolation to long term performance of various types of insulating paper used in rotating machines. The results showed that the performance of double layer insulation is almost twice than single layer performance. The aging analysis and testing of insulating papers was performed in TIFAC-Core centre of NIT Hamirpur, H.P., India.
- Published
- 2017
5. Impact of time parameters of lightning impulse on the breakdown characteristics of oil paper insulation
- Author
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Ming Yang, Potao Sun, Wenxia Sima, Jingyu Wu, and Jiefang Hua
- Subjects
Engineering ,Acoustics ,lcsh:QC501-721 ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Lightning arrester ,01 natural sciences ,lightning waves ,law.invention ,Impulse generator ,standard lightning impulse voltage ,law ,time parameters ,guidance waveform ,lcsh:Electricity ,0103 physical sciences ,Breakdown voltage ,Waveform ,dispersibility characteristics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Iec standards ,power apparatus ,Transformer ,Power equipment ,power equipment insulation ,010302 applied physics ,insulation ,simulation model ,oil paper insulating system ,business.industry ,standard wave shape ,Electrical engineering ,electrical apparatus ,electric breakdown ,breakdown voltage characteristics ,transformer ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,IEC standard ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Voltage - Abstract
At present, the insulation performances of electrical apparatus under lightning impulse voltages are always evaluated by the withstand test of standard lightning impulse voltage (1.2/50 µs), which is recommended by IEC Standard. However, the actual time parameters of transformer invading lightning impulse voltage present an obvious dispersibility characteristics. The standard wave shape is only representative of one particular class of lightning waves, which is far from satisfactory to act as the guidance waveform in the design of power equipment insulation. On the basis of the above research background, the relationship between breakdown characteristics of oil paper insulation and time parameters of applied lightning impulse voltage was investigated in this study. The 50% breakdown voltage characteristics of oil paper insulation under lightning impulse voltage with different time parameters were determined. The test results indicate that a short wave front time could lead to relatively low 50% breakdown voltage, while when the wave tail time varied, the 50% breakdown voltage of oil paper insulation barely changed. At last the simulation model of oil paper insulation was developed, and the current flowing through the oil paper insulating system under lightning impulse voltage was calculated. On the basis of the simulating results, the relationship between current and time parameters was analysed.
- Published
- 2016
6. Antennas on paper using ink-jet printing of nano-silver particles for wireless sensor networks in train environment
- Author
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Anders Rydberg, Johan Sidén, Zhibin Zhang, Dragos Dancila, and Reza Moossavi
- Subjects
Engineering ,ink-jet printing ,02 engineering and technology ,ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,train ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Electrical conductor ,business.industry ,paper ,nano-silver particles ,Silver Nano ,Electrical engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,WSN ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Telekommunikation ,Telecommunications ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,antennas ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Wireless sensor network - Abstract
This paper presents the design, manufacturing and measurements of antennas on paper, realized using ink-jetprinting of conductive inks based on nano-silver particles (nSPs). The extraction of the substrate characteristicssuch as the dielectric constant and dielectric loss is performed using a printed ring resonator technique. Thecharacterization of the nSPs conductive inks assesses different parameters as sintering time and temperature.Two antennas are realized corresponding to the most common needs for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) inTrains Environment. The first one is a patch antenna characterized by a broadside radiation pattern and suitedfor operation on metallic structures. The second one is a quasi-yagi antenna, with an end fire radiation patternand higher directivity, without requiring a metallic ground plane. Both antennas present a good matching (S11 < -20 dB and S11 < -30 dB, respectively) and acceptable efficiency (55 % and 45 %, respectively) for the papersubstrate used at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz, corresponding to the first channel of the IEEE 802.15.4 band.
- Published
- 2016
7. Interface charge behavior of multi-layer oil–paper insulation under DC and polarity reversal voltages
- Author
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Boxue Du, Jinrui Zhang, and Daosheng Liu
- Subjects
Polarity reversal ,Engineering ,Transformer oil ,business.industry ,Electrical insulation paper ,Electrical engineering ,Mechanics ,Space charge ,law.invention ,law ,Insulation system ,High-voltage direct current ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transformer ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Transformer oil, insulating paper, high voltage direct current (HVDC) bushings and on-load tap changer (OLTC) are essential parts of converter transformers. When the power flow of the HVDC system is reversed or a sudden outrage occurs, the charge field will deform the dielectric internal electric field, thus easily leading to the occurrence of discharge or insulation damage. In this case, it is necessary to carry out the characterization of the oil–paper interface to avoid these consequences. This paper analyses the interface charge accumulation and dissipation characteristics of an oil–paper insulation system under DC and polarity reversal voltages. In this paper, induced electrification was used to charge the composite oil–paper insulation. The amplitude of DC and polarity reversal voltages applied in this paper was 4 kV, and paper with thicknesses of 0.08 and 0.13 mm was used. This research offers a theoretical exploration to optimize the transformer oil– paper insulation structure and prevent damage to its insulation systems. From the research on different layers and thicknesses of paper, it can be concluded that the decay is fast in the initial period and then becomes slower with the lapse of time until finally the decay curve tends to become flat. With an increase in the number of the paper layers, the interface charge density decreases. So in real life multilayer paper is used to avoid failures owing to its structural weakness. Regarding the DC polarity reversal effect, increasing the thickness of the paper is equivalent to adding paper layers. The dissipation rate of the positive interface charge is quicker than that of the negative one. In the polarity reversal test, the dissipation rate becomes smaller as the reversal time gets longer.
- Published
- 2015
8. A Smart-Card E-paper Display System Based on RF Power Harvesting
- Author
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Jia-Yush Yen, Ga-Lane Chen, Hung-Cheng Chang, Che-Kang Hsu, and Chun-Hao Huang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Power transmission ,business.industry ,Reading (computer) ,Transmitter ,RF power amplifier ,Electrical engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Theoretical Computer Science ,law.invention ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Wireless ,Electronic paper ,Smart card ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
This study investigated technologies related to a smart-card display and its wireless charging system, where the wireless receiver in the smart card receives not only the data but also the power required for the display circuitry. The goal of this research was to achieve the required energy transfer during the extremely short reading time when a person swipes his or her smart card. This paper describes the design considerations and the analysis procedures of the transmitter and receiver pair for an electronic paper (E-paper) display. A series of magnetic simulations as well as experimental tests were conducted to investigate the various design factors. The design considerations included the shape and effect of using ferromagnetic cores, the component design for frequency tuning, the geometric arrangements, and the number of turns of the coils. A novel design for power transmission is then proposed using a ferromagnetic core to enhance its energy efficiency. In experiments the transmitter unit prov...
- Published
- 2015
9. Power System Study at a century-old paper mill
- Author
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Gary Ogles, Lawrence B. Farr, and Christopher G. Burnette
- Subjects
Local utility ,Distribution system ,Electric power system ,Engineering ,One half ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Paper mill ,Steam pressure ,business ,Automotive engineering ,Induction motor - Abstract
This paper is a case study outlining the successful Power System Study (PSS) of the electrical distribution system at a century-old paper mill. The electrical distribution system has been upgraded over the years with six in-house generators controlling the steam pressure and flow throughout the plant. Three generators operate at 13 800 Volts, and three generators operate at 2400 Volts. The self-generation makes up one half of the plant loading with the other half purchased from the local utility. This paper discusses the challenges involved in developing the computer model, and discusses the issues exposed during the analysis and how they were handled.
- Published
- 2017
10. Performance analysis of a ultra-compact low-power rectenna in paper substrate for RF energy harvesting
- Author
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Christos Kalialakis, Luca Roselli, Paolo Mezzanotte, Apostolos Georgiadis, Ana Collado, Federico Alimenti, and Valentina Palazzi
- Subjects
energy harvesting ,Engineering ,Computer Networks and Communications ,circuits on paper ,Internet of Things ,wireless power transfer ,Slot antenna ,02 engineering and technology ,rectennas ,Rectifier ,copper laminate technology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Wireless power transfer ,Instrumentation ,Power density ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Electrical engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Rectenna ,green electronics ,rectifiers ,slot antennas ,Radio frequency ,business ,Energy harvesting ,Circuits on paper ,Copper laminate technology ,Green electronics ,Rectennas ,Rectifiers ,Slot antennas - Abstract
In this paper the experimental results of a compact low-power rectenna in paper substrate, designed to operate in the Wi-Fi band, are presented. The complete prototype, based on an annular slot antenna and a single-diode rectifier, features a weight of 1.5 grams and shows an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency in the design band of about 40 % for a -10 dBm available input power, of about 28 % at -15 dBm, and in the range [10, 22] % at -20 dBm, corresponding to an output DC voltage in the order of 320, 240 and 60 mV respectively. Additionally, the rectenna features an efficiency higher then 7 % in the whole band 1.8-2.7 dBm for a power density estimated around 3 μW/cm2.
- Published
- 2017
11. Keynote 1: Democratized Wearable Electronics Using DIY Assembly of Paper and High Performance CMOS Electronics
- Author
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Muhammad Mustafa Hussain
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Cmos electronics ,business ,Wearable technology - Published
- 2021
12. 72‐1: Invited Paper: Critical Components in Solid‐State Lighting
- Author
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Larry Sadwick
- Subjects
Solid-state lighting ,Engineering ,law ,business.industry ,visual_art ,Electronic component ,Electrical engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Electronics ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2019
13. Using a Sensor Network for Energy Optimization of Paper Machine Dryer Sections
- Author
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Dominik Mai and Till Hänisch
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Engineering ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Airflow ,Electrical engineering ,General Medicine ,Energy consumption ,Energy minimization ,Automotive engineering ,Paper machine ,Wireless ,business ,Wireless sensor network ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
This paper presents a case study with regard to using a low cost low power sensor network to save energy in paper machines. By using wireless sensors for measuring temperature and humidity in the dryer section of a paper machine it is possible to optimize energy consumption by adjusting heating and air flow. Because the sensors need to be battery powered with the data sent almost in real time for monitoring purposes, a low power network technology is needed, in this case ZigBee. A prototype installation with a small number of sensors was set up, running over a period of six weeks. First results show an ad hoc optimization and energy savings of some 80.000 € per year for a single machine.
- Published
- 2014
14. Practical Papers, Articles and Application Notes
- Author
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Kye Yak See
- Subjects
Engineering ,Electromagnetics ,Anechoic chamber ,business.industry ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Electrical engineering ,Absorption cross section ,Electromagnetic compatibility ,Field strength ,Structural engineering ,Electronic mail ,Q factor ,Signal Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation ,Software ,Electromagnetic reverberation chamber - Abstract
I would like to introduce three wonderful papers to all our readers. Q. Xu and Y. Zhao from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China; X. Shen and K. Chen from the Nanjing Rongce Testing Technology Ltd, China; and Y. Huang from the University of Liverpool, U. K., authored the first paper "Absorption Cross Section Measurement of a Vehicle in Reverberation Chamber for Quick Estimation of Field Strength". For electromagnetic immunity testing of a vehicle, a reverberation chamber (RC) loaded with the vehicle-under-test has to be calibrated so that the necessary input power to generate the required field strength can be determined. In this paper, the average absorption cross section (ACS) of a vehicle in the frequency range of 80 MHz — 24 GHz is measured so that the required electric field strength in the RC loaded with a car can be estimated before the RC is constructed. Once the typical ACS of a car is known, one only needs to measure the Q factor of an unloaded RC and the Q factor of the RC loaded with a car can be predicted. This is very useful before the RC is constructed, as once the RC is built the unloaded Q factor cannot be increased.
- Published
- 2022
15. Improving the online water content measurement of transformer insulation paper using low pass filters
- Author
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Olav Krause, V. Clarkson, Tapan Kumar Saha, and Daniel Martin
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Imagination ,Engineering ,Water activity ,Dielectric strength ,Thermodynamic equilibrium ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Low-pass filter ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Transformer ,Process engineering ,business ,Water content ,Kraft paper ,media_common - Abstract
Water inside a transformer tank is undesirable because this water causes the following problems. Firstly, on overload bubbles of water may form in the oil weakening its dielectric strength and increasing the risk of catastrophic flashovers across the oil. Secondly, it shortens the life expectancy of the Kraft paper insulation, which is one of the main factors limiting the functional life of transformers. It is therefore necessary to measure the water content of paper insulation so that a utility can take corrective action when required. Cellulose adsorption isotherms have been used to determine the water content of paper using online water activity probes. A disadvantage however is that the application of this method requires that the insulation media is in thermodynamic equilibrium, which due to load cycling usually is not the case. Practically, this problem is resolved by taking a long-term average of the measurements. This solution is not optimal because actual changes in water content will also be smoothed out. The migration of water between paper and oil is a very slow process. Therefore, a low-pass mathematical filter was developed which would retain this process but reject higher frequency components. This filter was also investigated using measurement from operating power transformers.
- Published
- 2016
16. 25.1:Invited Paper: Capacitively Coupled and 13.56 MHz Resonance Controlled Wireless Power Transmitting System for e-Paper Modules
- Author
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Hiroshi Ishinishi and Reiji Hattori
- Subjects
Capacitive coupling ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Resonance ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,Hardware_GENERAL ,law ,EMI ,Electrode ,Electronic engineering ,Wireless ,Electronic paper ,business - Abstract
The capacitively-coupled wireless power transmitting system which provides a wide power-supply position was developed to realize a battery-less electronic paper. The high frequency, 13.56 MHz, was employed and the frequency was modulated to keep the resonant conditions. The special electrode configuration and circuit to suppress EMI were revealed.
- Published
- 2013
17. Comparison of IEEE 1584–2018 Predictions with Tests on Real-World Equipment: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2021-33
- Author
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Marcia L. Eblen and Tom Short
- Subjects
Engineering ,Horizontal and vertical ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Switchgear ,law.invention ,law ,Electrode ,Arc flash ,Incident energy ,Multiplier (economics) ,business ,Transformer ,Voltage - Abstract
IEEE 1584–2018 contains a significant update to industry models for predicting the incident energy from arc flash. These models include different box sizes, voltages, and electrode geometries. Predictions from these models are compared to tests on medium-voltage equipment. Equipment includes circuit-breaker cabinets, live-front switches, and live-front transformers. Results show what input assumptions are most applicable for each type of equipment (including vertical and horizontal electrodes). For some equipment, particularly with horizontal electrodes, the 1584–2018 predictions underpredicted measurements of incident energy, so multiplier factors may be needed.
- Published
- 2021
18. Solid State Circuit Breakers – Their Technical, Operational and Application Benefits: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2021-23
- Author
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Douglas Ehlers and Jay Prigmore
- Subjects
Engineering ,Millisecond ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Solid-state ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Switching time ,Range (aeronautics) ,Heat generation ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,business ,Low voltage ,Short circuit ,Circuit breaker ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN - Abstract
Solid state circuit breakers recently entered the marketplace for certain low voltage applications. Solid state circuit breakers have the potential to provide circuit breaker operating improvements towards various applications, especially for electrical safety applications. These performance improvements are achieved by the solid state circuit breaker's switching speed in microseconds. During certain short circuit conditions, solid state circuit breakers are magnitudes faster than any other circuit breaker available in the marketplace. Their speed advantage is due to the solid state circuit breaker breaking the circuit path with a semiconductor switch. Circuit breakers are traditionally manufactured using mechanical parts to make or break a circuit, and they typically operate in the millisecond range. There are operational trade-offs to utilizing a solid state circuit breaker, for example heat generation through the semiconductor switch is greater than that of mechanical circuit breaker contacts. However, in certain applications, the benefits of using a solid state circuit breaker may outweigh the disadvantages making the solid state circuit breaker a viable option to consider.
- Published
- 2021
19. Equivalent Formulas for Determining Incident Heat Energy for Various Fault Currents and Clearing Times used in NESC and OSHA Regulations: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2021-17
- Author
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Zarheer Jooma, Marcia L. Eblen, and Tom Short
- Subjects
Set (abstract data type) ,Engineering ,Computer program ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Range (statistics) ,Envelope (mathematics) ,Fault (power engineering) ,business ,nesC ,Power (physics) ,Voltage - Abstract
OSHA §1910.269 Appendix E ‘Table 6’- Incident Heat Energy for Various Fault Currents, Clearing Times, and Voltages of 4.0 to 46kV: Rubber Insulating Glove Exposures Involving Phase-to-Ground Arcs in Open Air ONLY and ‘Table 7’- Incident Heat Energy for Various Fault Currents, Clearing Times, and Voltages: Live-line Tool Exposures involving Phase-to-Ground Arcs in Open Air ONLY and NESC-2012 Tables ‘410-2’ Clothing and Clothing Systems -voltage, fault current and maximum clearing time for voltages 1.1kV to 46kV and ‘410-3’ Live-line Tool Work Clothing and Clothing Systems - voltage, fault current and maximum clearing time for voltages 46.1kV to 800kV were developed using a commercially available computer program. However, the table values are only provided for a few discrete available fault current values. By reproducing the inputs and outputs using the same version of the commercially available software, values for more than those few discrete available fault currents can be produced. Equivalent power formulas can then be developed that will conservatively envelope all the incident energy values for a complete range of available fault currents for each given set of conditions. This provides simplification and ease of use for end users.
- Published
- 2021
20. Validation of long term performance of natural ester and Kraft paper as high temperature insulation system
- Author
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Alan Sbravati, Vagner Vasconcellos, John Luksich, and Luiz Cera Zanetta
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Liquid dielectric ,Electrical engineering ,Distribution transformer ,Automotive engineering ,law.invention ,Electromagnetic coil ,law ,Insulation system ,Water cooling ,business ,Transformer ,Kraft paper - Abstract
In early 2003, CPFL Energia, a Brazilian utility, was interested on evaluating the performance of natural ester filled transformers, especially regarding the highly increased overloading capability. As a field test, in association with the transformer manufacturer “Itaipu Transformadores”, they built two prototype transformers. Based on original overhead distribution line three phases transformers of 15kV/45kVA, after small adjustments in the windings and cooling system, keeping same core and tank, associated with the use of natural ester based dielectric liquid, and increasing the average winding temperature rise limit from 55°C to 85°C and a hotspot temperature rise limit of 100°C, the transformer nominal rating was shifted to 88kVA.
- Published
- 2017
21. Digital Microfluidics: Paper-Based Digital Microfluidic Chip for Multiple Electrochemical Assay Operated by a Wireless Portable Control System (Adv. Mater. Technol. 3/2017)
- Author
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Haena Cheong, Orawon Chailapakul, Jumi Lee, Pattarachaya Preechakasedkit, Jan Madsen, Nadnudda Rodthongkum, Oh-Sun Kwon, Nipapan Ruecha, Veasna Soum, Heedo Chae, Kwanwoo Shin, and Georgi Plamenov Tanev
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Paper based ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Microfluidic chip ,Mechanics of Materials ,Control system ,Electrowetting ,Wireless ,General Materials Science ,Digital microfluidics ,business ,Inkjet printing ,Point of care - Published
- 2017
22. Flexible Graphite-on-Paper Piezoresistive Sensors
- Author
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He Tian, Dan Xie, Tian-Ling Ren, and Yi Yang
- Subjects
Engineering ,flexible ,paper-based ,graphite ,piezoresistive devices ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Paper based ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Biochemistry ,Piezoresistive effect ,Article ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Pencil (optics) ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Graphite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
We demonstrate novel graphite-on-paper piezoresistive devices. The graphite was used as sensing component. The fabrication process can be finished in a short time with simple tools (e.g., a scissor and a pencil). A small array of six paper-based piezoresistive devices is made. The whole device is flexible. The test results showed that the change of resistance was proportional to the applied force. A paper-based weighing balance was also made as an example of applications. This novel array of paper-based piezoresistive devices will open wide applications in force and acceleration sensing areas.
- Published
- 2012
23. Simulation on motion characteristics of space charge in single oil-paper insulation
- Author
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Jiangjun Ruan, Jin Shuo, Guodong Huang, Yang Zhifei, Liao Yifan, Zhiye Du, and Qi-xiang Lian
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Direct current ,Electric susceptibility ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Mechanics ,01 natural sciences ,Space charge ,Computer Science Applications ,law.invention ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,law ,Insulation system ,Electric field ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electric potential ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transformer ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is numerical calculation of total electric field in oil-paper insulation. Now, there is no effective method to consider the influence of space charges when calculating the total electric field distribution in the main insulation system of the valve-side winding of an ultra-high-voltage direct current converter transformer. Design/methodology/approach To calculate the total electric field in an oil-paper insulation system, a new simulation method in single-layer oil-paper insulation based on the transient upstream finite element method (TUFEM) is proposed, in which the time variable is considered. The TUFEM is used to calculate the total electric field in an oil-paper insulation system by considering the move law of space charges. The simulation method is verified by comparing the simulation results to the test data. The move law of space charges and distribution characteristics of the electric field under difference voltage values in single-layer oil-paper insulation were presented. Findings The results show that the TUFEM has an excellent accuracy compared with the test data. When carrier mobility is a constant, the time to reach the steady state is inversely correlated with the initial electric field intensity, and the distortion rate of the internal total electric field is positively correlated with the initial electric field intensity. Originality/value This paper provides an exploratory research on the simulation of space charge transport phenomenon in oil-paper and has guiding significance to the design of oil-paper insulation.
- Published
- 2017
24. A fast, reconfigurable flow switch for paper microfluidics based on selective wetting of folded paper actuator strips
- Author
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Matthew Weinstein, Santosh Pandey, Taejoon Kong, Shawn Flanigan, Christopher Legner, and Upender Kalwa
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Small volume ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Response time ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,STRIPS ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Fluid dynamics ,Fluidics ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Actuator - Abstract
In paper microfluidics, the development of smart and versatile switches is critical for the regulation of fluid flow across multiple channels. Past approaches in creating switches are limited by long response times, large actuation fluid volumes, and use of external control circuitry. We seek to mitigate these difficulties through the development of a unique actuator device made entirely out of chromatography paper and incorporated with folds. Selective wetting of the fold with an actuation fluid, either at the crest or trough, serves to raise or lower the actuator's tip and thus engage or break the fluidic contact between channels. Here the actuator's response time is dramatically reduced (within two seconds from wetting) and a very small volume of actuation fluid is consumed (four microliters). Using this actuation principle, we implement six switch configurations which can be grouped as single-pole single-throw (normally OFF and normally ON) and single-pole double-throw (with single and double break). By employing six actuators in parallel, an autonomous colorimetric assay is built to detect the presence of three analytes - glucose, protein, and nitrite - in artificial saliva. Finally, this work brings the concept of origami to paper microfluidics where multiple-fold geometries can be exploited for programmable switching of fluidic connections.
- Published
- 2017
25. Programmable SpaceWire interface with atom switch: Components, short paper
- Author
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Makoto Miyamura, Hiromitsu Hada, Munehiro Tada, Akira Iwasaki, Takayuki Imamura, Toshitsugu Sakamoto, Kazutoshi Wakabayashi, Tadahiko Sugibayashi, Hiroki Hihara, Hisashi Sugaya, and Nobuo Tamagawa
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Short paper ,Electrical engineering ,01 natural sciences ,SpaceWire ,Programmable logic array ,Single effect ,Atom (programming language) ,0103 physical sciences ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Orbit (dynamics) ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We developed a rewritable field programmable gate array (FPGA) using NanoBridge® that exploits atom switch technology. NanoBridge® is newly developed copper wiring technology with dynamic connection capability. Programmable circuitry with SpaceWire interface is realized without configuration memory cells for storing circuit connection information. It prevents single event effect caused by radiation and provides remarkably low power consumption. The first demonstration of the NanoBridge® FPGA on orbit by JAXA's program is planned in 2018.
- Published
- 2016
26. 90 nm 12.5 Gbit/s physical interface per SoC with SpaceFibre/GigaSpaceWire links for the space radars: Components, short paper
- Author
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Dmitri Skok, Tatiana Solokhina, Jaroslav Petrichkovich, and Juri Gerasimov
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Physical interface ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,Short paper ,Electrical engineering ,SerDes ,Data recovery ,law.invention ,Gigabit ,law ,Electronic engineering ,Radar ,business ,Cmos process - Abstract
The article presents 12.5 Gbit/s Physical Media Attachment (PMA) units, TX and RX, fabricated in 90 nm bulk CMOS process. The PMA are designed for use in SpaceFibre/GigaSpaceWire (SpaceWire-RUS) systems for the space radars. The units comprise SERDES and clock and data recovery (CDR). Supported set of data rates includes those of 1.25, 2.5, 6.25 and 12.5 Gbit/s, but intermediate rates are also available.
- Published
- 2016
27. Papers: Heat-Sensitive
- Author
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A. Koehler, MF Hamza, R. Dyllick-Brenzinger, and G. Pietsch
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Thermal paper ,Heat sensitive ,Credit card ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Hardware_GENERAL ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,State (computer science) ,Process engineering ,business ,Thermal printing - Abstract
The type of paper coated using chemical with the intension of changing color when exposed to heat is called thermal paper. The great advantage of thermal printing at its present state of development is its low cost and high reliability with regard to the instrument and the thermal paper. This study presents the manufacture and application of thermal paper. Also, the article describes the thermal paper based on color formers and the types of thermal paper. The thermal paper is use for thermal printers and copiers, mostly in lightweight or cheap devices like credit card terminals, cash registers, and adding machines.
- Published
- 2016
28. Make Use of DGA to Carry Out the Transformer Oil-Immersed Paper Deterioration Condition Estimation with Fuzzy-Logic
- Author
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Raj Kumar Jarial, Tarkeshwar, and Hasmat Malik
- Subjects
Transformer ,Engineering ,Transformer oil ,business.industry ,Dissolved gas analysis ,Electrical engineering ,General Medicine ,Insulation paper ,Fuzzy logic ,Reliability engineering ,law.invention ,Remaining life ,law ,Fuzzy-logic ,Insulation resistance ,business ,Engineering(all) - Abstract
Remaining Life of the oil-immersed transformer is decided due to deterioration of the winding insulation paper (WIP). The DGA method is conventionally used to estimate the WIP deterioration status condition. This paper presented the four status conditions assessment of paper deterioration for oil-immersed transformer using fuzzy-logic (FL). In this paper the correlation between accumulated values of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with insulation resistance in oil-filled power transformers is studied using FL. The authors have estimated the insulation paper deterioration condition using proposed method for 20 transformers or more. As a result, appropriate maintenance scenario can be planned.
- Published
- 2012
29. Study of Cyclical Fluctuation during the Paper Transmission of Inkjet Printing System
- Author
-
Yan Mei Liang, Zhao Xia Wang, and Chang Xian Cheng
- Subjects
Rotary encoder ,Engineering ,Coated paper ,Quality (physics) ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,business.industry ,Cyclical fluctuation ,Electrical engineering ,General Medicine ,business ,Circumference ,Encoder ,Compensation (engineering) - Abstract
With the gradually maturing super-speed inkjet printing technology, people are pursuing steadier and higher speed as well as better quality presswork for the sake of increasing economic benefit. To provide an overview of the velocity fluctuation of the inkjet machine platform and the cyclical fluctuation of the incremental encoder, external clock and corresponding internal clock were applied separately to print the equally spaced lines under the same platform speed. Then a magnifier was used to measure distance between the lines, according to which the velocity fluctuation mentioned above can be obtained. Thus conclusion can be drawn from the fluctuation analysis that the velocity cycle of platform is 60mm, however, number of those produced by the incremental encoder is up to 3, including 60mm influenced by the platform, 300mm produced by the perimeter of encoders pressure wheel and 600mm produced by the circumference of dance roller. Furthermore, dance roller contributes more influence on narrow coated paper. Through this research, inkjet technician can do directional compensation for every factors to reduce the fluctuation.
- Published
- 2013
30. Study on Relationship between Paper Performance and Ink Transfer Based on Quality Control
- Author
-
Wen Ge Chen
- Subjects
Engineering ,Quality (physics) ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Transfer (computing) ,Control (management) ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Electrical engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,business - Abstract
The difference of printing quality depends on the transfer of ink and paper performance.In this paper based on the theory of printing.Measuring the performance of all sorts of paper,with IGT-C1 type printability tester to simulate the printing principle.In the same printing pressure,printing speed and ink,under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity.Using different paper type experiment,obtained paper all kinds of performance and ink transfer data.Then processing, analysis,and obtained paper performance and ink transfer rate relation curves of in printing pressure and the printing speed with constant.For the printing quality control to provide certain basis in the different performance of paper.
- Published
- 2011
31. In-cell adaptive touch technology for a flexible e-paper display
- Author
-
Sang-soo Kim, Jong-Kwon Lee, Yong-In Park, Yong-Kee Hwang, and Chang-Dong Kim
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Capacitive sensing ,Electrical engineering ,Process (computing) ,Substrate (printing) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Light intensity ,law ,Power consumption ,Thin-film transistor ,Materials Chemistry ,Electronic paper ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
In-cell adaptive touch technology for use in an electrophoretic display (EPD) has been developed and implemented in 11.5 in. UXGA flexible electronic paper display. Here, two types of a-Si:H photo-sensor arrays fabricated on a stainless steel substrate at the process temperature of 250 °C have been used along with an overall capacitive sensor formed on top of the flexible panel. Thus, we can resolve the sensing issue of normal photo-sensor array as well as maintain the feature of low power consumption in the EPD. Moreover, new touch algorithm adapted depending upon the amount of light intensity has been applied to enhance touch sensitivity regardless of environmental light conditions.
- Published
- 2011
32. ON SOME CONCEPTS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CONTAINED IN PAPER BY V.V. SOTNIKOV ('Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika'. 2017. No 3. Pp. 22–28)
- Author
-
Yu.M. Vasetsky
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Published
- 2018
33. 7-1: Invited Paper : Application of Low-Frequency Clock Signals to Gate Driver Circuits
- Author
-
Chin Lung Lin and Mao Hsun Cheng
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,Focus (computing) ,business.industry ,Transistor ,Electrical engineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Low frequency ,Driver circuit ,01 natural sciences ,Threshold voltage ,law.invention ,Thin-film transistor ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Gate driver ,Electronic engineering ,business ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
This paper collates design concepts of low-power gate driver circuits, and our related work is reviewed. Many approaches to power consumption amelioration have been developed and focus on different parts of circuit structures. Recently, low-frequency clock signals are adopted to further reduce both power consumption and thin-film transistor (TFT) threshold voltage shifts (ΔVTH).
- Published
- 2017
34. Printed Paper Robot Driven by Electrostatic Actuator
- Author
-
Shuji Hashimoto, Vito Cacucciolo, Hiroki Shigemune, Eiji Iwase, Shigeki Sugano, Shingo Maeda, and Yoshitaka Iwata
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,Fabrication ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Artificial Intelligence ,Electrical conductor ,computer.programming_language ,Electronic circuit ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Mechatronics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Line (electrical engineering) ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Scratch ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Robot ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,computer - Abstract
Effective design and fabrication of 3-D electronic circuits are among the most pressing issues for future engineering. Although a variety of flexible devices have been developed, most of them are still designed two-dimensionally. In this letter, we introduce a novel idea to fabricate a 3-D wiring board. We produced the 3-D wiring board from one desktop inkjet printer by printing conductive pattern and a 2-D pattern to induce self-folding. We printed silver ink onto a paper to realize the conductive trace. Meanwhile, a 3-D structure was constructed with self-folding induced by water-based ink printed from the same printer. The paper with the silver ink self-folds along the printed line. The printed silver ink is sufficiently thin to be flexible. Even if the silver ink is already printed, the paper can self-fold or self-bend to consist the 3-D wiring board. A paper scratch driven robot was developed using this method. The robot traveled 56 mm in 15 s according to the vibration induced by the electrostatic force of the printed electrode. The size of the robot is 30 × 15 × 10 mm. This work proposes a new method to design 3-D wiring board, and shows extended possibilities for printed paper mechatronics.
- Published
- 2017
35. A study on PD activities of oil-impregnated paper under pulse voltages using gas analysis
- Author
-
Shesha H. Jayaram and Mahdi Khanali
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,Wind power ,Hydrogen ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Nuclear engineering ,Electrical engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Turbine ,law.invention ,chemistry ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrode ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Waveform ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Transformer ,Hydrogen production ,Voltage - Abstract
Gassing problems and premature insulation failures in wind turbine transformers indicate reliability concerns about the insulation of such components. This fact necessitates investigating degradation of transformer insulation systems under high-dV/dt pulse voltages that exist in today's wind energy plants. For this purpose, PD activity, generally assumed to be the main long-term cause of insulation deterioration, needs to be analyzed. This work evaluates the effects of impulse voltage parameters such as rate of rise and repetition frequency on inception voltage and intensity of PD activities. PD parameter measurement under high-dV/dt voltages is challenging due to interferences from fast oscillations, and difficulties of PD energy measurements. To avoid such issues, which are related to electromagnetic detection methods under pulse energization, this work uses a chemical approach to compare PD activities, based on the rate of hydrogen generation in a controlled test chamber with oil/paper samples. Gas monitoring of the oil containing impregnated paper samples reveals that a faster rate of rise increases PD energy as well as inception voltage. Results based on experiments conducted in small oil chambers show good correlation between the amount of hydrogen detected and PD energy level; hence it can be used as a benchmark for comparing PD energy levels under various impulse waveforms.
- Published
- 2017
36. Research on the breakdown under type test of non-pressurized paper-insulated HVDC cables
- Author
-
P. Gazzana Priaroggia, Gianni Miramonti, and P. Metra
- Subjects
Engineering ,Dielectric strength ,business.industry ,Direct current ,Electrical engineering ,High-voltage cable ,Electrical insulation paper ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Mechanical engineering ,Dielectric withstand test ,High-voltage direct current ,Electric discharge ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
One of the most interesting and important problems, met during the development of non-pressurized impregnated paper cables for high voltage direct current, arose from the introduction of a long-duration type test at thermal cycles under a DC steady voltage of twice the working voltage. DC cables manufactured according to a traditional paper insulating technique showed during the cooling phase of a thermal cycle a catastrophic fall of the dielectric strength of the order of 50 %. The reason for this fall is analysed both theoretically and experimentally and the way to overcome the obstacle is explained and discussed.
- Published
- 2007
37. Effect of DBDS on DC Resistance of paper oil insulation system
- Author
-
Saritha M and Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Subjects
Benzotriazole ,Materials science ,Dielectric strength ,Transformer oil ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Copper conductor ,engineering.material ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Copper sulfide ,chemistry ,law ,Insulation system ,engineering ,Composite material ,business ,Transformer ,Kraft paper - Abstract
A number of power transformer failures occur due to the addition of DBDS compound in transformer oil. When DBDS reacts with Cu, it results in the breakdown of DBDS and thus pawing way to the formation of CU 2 S. The CU 2 S on the surface of the copper conductor migrates from one layer to another layer of insulation papers (Kraft papers) and this results in lowering of dielectric strength and thus electrical faults occur. The metal passivators such as Irgamet 39™, Benzotriazole (BTA-Aldrich) and 6Bis-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) Phenol (BMPEP-Aldrich) can be used to suppress the formation of copper sulfide. This addition of metal passivators to oil does not reduce or eliminate DBDS [1–6]. In this paper the effect of DBDS on DC Resistance of paper oil insulation system has been studied Experimental study has been carried out to describe the role of DBDS in fall of DC Resistance of paper-oil insulation of transformers. Different quantities of DBDS were added with pure transformer oil and the effect it will have on dc resistance under different applied voltages for different time intervals have been compared and contrasted.
- Published
- 2015
38. Paper based reverse electrodialysis power generator
- Author
-
Hyung-Kwan Chang, Jungyul Park, J.-H. Lee, and Eunpyo Choi
- Subjects
Engineering ,Generator (computer programming) ,Electricity generation ,Membrane ,business.industry ,Reversed electrodialysis ,Electrical engineering ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Paper based ,business ,Process engineering ,Energy harvesting ,Power (physics) - Abstract
This study represents a paper based energy generator from mixing waters with different salinity. Since the proposed device consists of wax patterned papers that can control microflow and a flexible cation exchange membrane (polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE)), the efficient pumpless reverse electrodialysis (RED) microplatform can be realized successfully. The presented system is flexible, portable and cost-effective, and moreover, shows that the power generation is possible, even in very high concentrated salinity, so it is very promising for practical application.
- Published
- 2015
39. Triboelectric effect as a new strategy for sealing and controlling the flow in paper-based devices
- Author
-
Murilo Santhiago, Lauro T. Kubota, Everson T.S.G. da Silva, Wendell K. T. Coltro, and Fabrício R. de Souza
- Subjects
Paper ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Flow (psychology) ,Static Electricity ,Biomedical Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Evaporation ,Mechanical engineering ,Bioengineering ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,Equipment Design ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Seal (mechanical) ,Volumetric flow rate ,Materials Testing ,Polymethyl Methacrylate ,business ,Polytetrafluoroethylene ,Triboelectric effect - Abstract
We reported here for the first time that triboelectric charges on PET sheets can be used to seal and control the flow rate in paper-based devices. The proposed method exhibits simplicity and low cost, provides reversible sealing and minimizes the effect of sample evaporation.
- Published
- 2015
40. Flexible, eco-friendly and highly sensitive paper antenna based electromechanical sensor for wireless human motion detection and structural health monitoring
- Author
-
Sushmee Badhulika, Veerla Raja Sekhar, and Srinivasulu Kanaparthi
- Subjects
Patch antenna ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pipeline transport ,Mechanics of Materials ,Interfacing ,Robustness (computer science) ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Wireless ,Structural health monitoring ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Wearable technology ,Ground plane - Abstract
Flexible antenna sensors have gained significant momentum in recent times due to increase in demand for internet of things (IOT) technology. Conventional flexible antenna-based wireless sensors fabricated on plastic substrates are neither biodegradable nor recyclable, use expensive and sophisticated equipment and eco-unfriendly solution processing to fabricate radiating element thus generating e-waste and causing environment contamination. Here we fabricated a 2.4 GHZ paper-based rectangular patch antenna in which aluminium tape is used as radiating patch and ground pane and cellulose filter paper is used as dielectric substrate that separates radiating patch and ground plane. This aluminium on paper antenna exhibits excellent average sensitivity ∼3.23 and ∼3.34 to 1.67% of compressive and tensile bending strain respectively and shows stable performance after hundreds of bending cycles. The performance of antenna sensor was evaluated by subjecting it to microstrains to identify small cracks, folding it with different angles to sense the angle of bending and by interfacing it with hand gloves to detect human motion. Due to versatility in sensing, robustness and flexibility, these antennas can be used as use-and-recycle wireless disposable electromechanical sensors for wearable electronics, human machine interfacing (HMI), crack detection of oils/flammable gas pipelines, and intelligent wireless monitoring of movements.
- Published
- 2016
41. Multipurpose Equipment for Radio Frequency Plasma Decontamination and Protective Coating of Paper Materials
- Author
-
Marta Cristina Ursescu, Emil Ghiocel Ioanid, Catalin Tanase, Simona Dunca, Ana Maria Vlad, Dorina Rusu, Viorica Frunza, and Gabriela Savin
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Radio frequency plasma ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Treatment duration ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Metallurgy ,Electrical engineering ,Polymer ,Human decontamination ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0104 chemical sciences ,Coating ,chemistry ,Nitrogen plasma ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a radio frequency plasma equipment designed to be used for the conservation procedures, such as decontamination, cleaning, and consolidation of cellulose-based materials. Decontamination and cleaning are carried out by the low-temperature nitrogen plasma generated between two electrodes, connected to a 1.5-MHz generator. The paper consolidation is performed by coating with compatible polymers in view of long term protection. Surface analyses (color analysis and electron microscopy) were undertaken to assess the uniform display of the polymer on the paper surface. The microbiological tests made on representative samples collected from historical books attested the complete inhibition of bacteria and fungi after, at most, 7-min treatment duration, depending on the initial infestation degree.
- Published
- 2016
42. Motor temperature considerations for pulp and paper mill applications
- Author
-
T. Albers and A.H. Bonnett
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Stator ,Pulp (paper) ,Thermal impact ,Electrical engineering ,Paper mill ,engineering.material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Automotive engineering ,law.invention ,Control and Systems Engineering ,law ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,TEFC ,business ,Low voltage ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper reviews the motor temperature operating consideration for totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), open dripproof (ODP) and weather protected II (WP-II) type of motor through 500 HP, both low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV). The IEEE Standard 841 has been revised as IEEE-Std 841-2001 and is expected to be in use for at least five years. The TEFC motors covered in this standard have found wide acceptance in the pulp and paper industry. Much of the material also applies to large motors sizes. The thermal impact on the stator winding, rotor core, bearings and lubrications as specified in standards and applied in mills are considered.
- Published
- 2002
43. P-123: Basic Operation Mechanisms of Floating Metal Ball Actuator Mode as Novel Electronic-Paper Displays
- Author
-
Byung Seong Bae, MunPyo Hong, Jongmo Lee, Hyojoo Park, Kim Byung-Uk, and Howon Yoon
- Subjects
Kelvin probe force microscope ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Solver ,law.invention ,Metal ,law ,visual_art ,Electrode ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ball (bearing) ,Optoelectronics ,Electronic paper ,business ,Actuator ,Voltage - Abstract
Basic operation mechanisms of newly proposed reflective display mode using metal coated ball were investigated for novel electronic-paper displays, named as Floating Metal Ball Actuator (FMBA) mode. Most appropriate structures and driving conditions were simulated by Poisson's equation solver, and the optimized cell design and driving voltage can be determined. To confirm the conducting property of floating metal ball (FMB), electrical potential of FMB directly contacted on electrode was measured by non-contact Kelvin probe microscopy and identical with that of the contact electrode. These are useful results to apply the FMBA mode to electrical-paper displays.
- Published
- 2011
44. Paper electronics turn over a new leaf
- Author
-
Cordelia Sealy
- Subjects
Engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business - Published
- 2021
45. Operating Experience of Niigata N 9 Paper Machine
- Author
-
Hitoshi Kuwano
- Subjects
Engineering ,Paper machine ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Media Technology ,Electrical engineering ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,business ,Manufacturing engineering - Published
- 2010
46. A screen-printed circular-type paper-based glucose/O2 biofuel cell
- Author
-
Masayuki Itagaki, Yoshinao Hoshi, Saki Nohara, Seiya Tsujimura, and Isao Shitanda
- Subjects
Engineering ,Maximum power principle ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Open-circuit voltage ,Electrical engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biofuel ,Booster (electric power) ,Screen printing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Enzymatic biofuel cell ,Energy harvesting ,Voltage - Abstract
The printable paper-based enzymatic biofuel cell (PBFC) to directly power small devices is an important objective for realizing cost-effective and disposable energy harvesting devices. In the present study, a screen-printed circular-type PBFC, composed of a series of 5 individual cells, was constructed. The PBFC exhibited the open circuit potential of 2.65 V and maximum power of 350 μW at 1.55 V, which were sufficient to illuminate an LED without requiring a booster circuit. The output voltage of this PBFC can also be easily adjusted as required.
- Published
- 2017
47. 5-1:Invited Paper: Booming Flexible Applications Enabled by AMOLED Technologies
- Author
-
Meng-Ting Lee, Yu-Hsin Lin, and Annie T. Huang
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Electrical engineering ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,Smartwatch ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,AMOLED ,Flexible display ,0103 physical sciences ,Electronic engineering ,business - Abstract
The flexible AMOLED technology allows us to create new applications because of its unique bendable and foldable properties. With the concept of placing the most fragile layers closed to the neutral plane of the devices, we are able to increase the reliability of flexible displays. Various applications will be introduced including a smart watch with fully circular design, a bendable display with novel interactive interface and a 7.8″ foldable display for phone-tablet 2-in-1 application.
- Published
- 2017
48. 52-1: Invited Paper : Driving Forces - How Mobility of Tomorrow Influences Technologies of Today
- Author
-
Luc Yao, Dieter Schroth, Roman Maisch, and Nadine Langguth
- Subjects
Engineering ,Service (systems architecture) ,Process management ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Electrical engineering ,Automotive industry ,Design thinking ,Presentation ,0502 economics and business ,New product development ,Quality (business) ,Scenario planning ,business ,050203 business & management ,Open innovation ,media_common - Abstract
The mobility needs of modern societies, cities and users are different from the past. Consequently, the dynamic changes of the automotive industry trigger both challenges and opportunities. The presentation will discuss these trends and plausible future scenarios. In order to facilitate these positive changes, we recognised the potential of innovative technologies, including the liquid crystal displays. As the display is the key interface between users and devices/ vehicles, key industry players have acknowledged its significant role in attaining users’ satisfaction. The presentation will outline several initiatives driving technology developments to fulfil the emerging needs. In the open innovation era, few companies can claim to possess all future technologies in-house. Therefore, collaborations among players with complementary technologies are especially essential to accelerate new product/ service/ solution development. New industry formation also requires new quality of communication among key value chain players to learn industry insight and to establish mutually beneficial partnerships. The rationale and the objectives of our automotive platform will be introduced.
- Published
- 2017
49. 12-2: Invited Paper : A Sheet-type Wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) Sensor System using Flexible and Stretchable Electronics
- Author
-
Shusuke Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Takafumi Uemura, and Teppei Araki
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Sensor system ,Engineering ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Stretchable electronics ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Electroencephalography ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biocompatible material ,Flexible electronics ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Frequency domain ,medicine ,Wireless ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
A sheet-type wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor system using flexible and stretchable electronics has been successfully developed on flexible substrates. The EEG sensor system can be attached to the forehead using biocompatible gel with the stretchable, and bio-compatible electrode sheet and can monitor bioelectric potentials with less than 1 microvolts. The sensor is compactly designed for 3 cm × 9 cm × 6 mm with weight of 12 g. Results show that the proposed sheet-system demonstrates a promising performance in diagnosing brain-related diseases including the Alzheimer’s disease using frequency domain analysis.
- Published
- 2017
50. Impulse breakdown characteristics of aged oil impregnated paper
- Author
-
Usa Savadamuthu and Bavisha Thomas
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Engineering ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Converters ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Electric power system ,Lightning strokes ,law ,Overvoltage ,0103 physical sciences ,Vacuum circuit breakers ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Breakdown voltage ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Transformer ,Circuit breaker - Abstract
Voltage-time (v-t) characteristic plays an important role during the insulation coordination of a power system. Power transformer is the crucial equipment in the design of a reliable power system. During the operation of a transformer, Oil Impregnated Paper (OIP), the widely used winding insulation of transformer, undergoes significant irreversible aging. Aging alters the dielectric properties of the OIP reducing it's withstand capability. Hence in this work, the impulse v-t characteristic of fresh OIP and 8 years service aged OIP of the same manufacturer are compared. Moreover, when the transformers are directly connected to Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) and during the switching operation of vacuum circuit breakers, OIP is stressed by Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO). In addition, transformers are subjected to repeated impulses generated during multiple lightning strokes, switching operations of circuit breakers and HVDC converters. Various studies have pointed out the adverse effect of VFTO and repeated impulses on transformer insulation. Therefore, the effects of VFTO and repeated impulses (both LI and VFTO) on the v-t characteristics of fresh and service aged OIP are quantitatively assessed and discussed with reference to the Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL) and protection level of the transformer insulation.
- Published
- 2017
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