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United Kingdom's relation with the European Union has been always distant. Nevertheless, Britain's decision to leave the European Union, socalled the Brexit decision, has been one of the shocking developments happening in 2016. Prima facia the referendum result shows the electorate's historic decision to break away from the EU, however it is actually a product of a populist political discourse, which has been shaped by increasing antiimmigrant sentiments in the UK. In this paper, we argue that anti-immigrant discourses behind the Brexit campaign actually are a part of larger historical relations with the European Union. Following on from the literature, we argue that the role of the UK in the EU throughout the history of European integration has always been one of 'British exceptionalism'. The immigration question, on the other hand, provided an important opportunity for following this exceptionalist policy and leave the EU membership, but it resulted in racist and xenophobic attacks towards all "others" within society. In this process, discourses on the leave side contributed to anti-immigrant feelings and racism within society, although we cannot say this was the main aim. In this paper, we conduct the political discourse analysis developed by Teun van Dijk to examine the campaign of the United Kingdom Independence Party during the referendum process. Taken together, these aspects of the article show how the anti-immigration discourse has contributed to the racist and xenophobic actions, while the main aim has been to finalise the UK's longstanding distance from the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States started to be member of economic integrations after the Second World War to increase the efficiency of economic cooperation. Theoretically, economic integration models prioritize interests of members and especially are expected to contribute the export of that countries. Therefore, this study examines export convergence and enriches the literature that usually models income convergence. The main target of this study to reveal whether export convergence model supports the Britain Exit (BREXIT) decision in 2016. In this context, the paper analyzes European Union (EU) - 15 before and after EU agreement and EU-25 (the most extensive enlargement of EU in 2004) countries in terms of export convergence. According to results, export of United Kingdom (UK) had convergence in EU-15 countries after EU agreement. However, the 2004 enlargement of EU led to suppress the export convergence of UK. In conclusion, the export convergence model supports BREXIT decision and reveals the probability of such processes in the EU [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the impact of Brexit on UK-Turkey Relations with a comparative foreign policy analysis. The article evaluates whether there is a continuity or rupture in the trajectory of the British-Turkish relations in the aftermath of Brexit. The official statements from both sides are used as data for the analysis. Arguably, the British foreign policy has been particularly affected by the Brexit referendum in June 2016. It is imperative to comparatively investigate the scope and limits of this impact to understand the course of this process. Meanwhile, because of the Syrian civil war and the refugee crisis, Turkish foreign policy has been on a troublesome phase with the US and the EU as well. There was also a failed coup attempt in Turkey in July 2016. The rapprochement between the UK and Turkey has been significant in this process. This article analyses this rapprochement under three sub-titles: (1) Counter-terrorism, regional security, and the Syrian civil-war; (2) the European Union and Cyprus; and (3) Trade and Economic Co-operation. This study argues that, in the post-Brexit era, the bilateral relations between Turkey and the UK have not shown any sign of rupture, but instead, there is a strengthening continuity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]