Search

The incorporation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) into Spanish educational legislation as a framework for addressing student diversity has been met with criticism. Three main objections can be identified. Firstly, the lack of evidence supporting its neuroscientific basis. Secondly, the scarcity of empirical data to demonstrate its efficacy for improving learning. Thirdly, the difficulty in operationalizing and implementing its framework in practice. Based on a thorough review of key literature on UDL, this paper delves into and discusses these limitations considering the theoretical and practical foundations of the model. Furthermore, research directions are pointed out to advance its development, exploring its potential as a framework for identifying barriers for learning in lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the importance of considering "gender regimes" as strategic enclaves in the processes of mainstreaming comprehensive sex education policies in high school. The analysis is based on a diverse set of empirical data constructed in an ethnographic investigation carried out between 2017 and 2018 in a high school in Gran La Plata, Argentina. From the description of a gender regime called "virile" and within the framework of an institutional culture characterized as "normative", the paper reveals some limitations of a way of mainstreaming comprehensive sex education that here is called "curricular" and it offers some clues to consider in which ways an approach that considers the totality of institutional dynamics in their pedagogical dimension could enhance the scope of a policy aimed at combating gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notion of mother as a concept of contingent and changing over the time will be approached. We will analyze school textbooks as objects that promoted the circulation of senses towards motherhood in two historical moments, exploring particularities of this material's contexts of production. Convergences and specific features that have been detected in both periods of time are pointed out. This treatment will allow us to recognize continuities and ruptures in the discourses about motherhood that have been transmitted through textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of poverty becomes educational policy and pedagogical approach in schools that develop proposals of education differentiated according to "sex", aimed at children and adolescents from popular sectors. Teachers' conceptions about their work with these sectors are based on a naturalistic and "social" reading of gender, which justifies the physical separation of boys and girls, and the supposed greater effectiveness of the work of educating if the "sex" of the teacher is homologated with that of the students. A pedagogical work is deployed with families in which they are placed as a threat or as possible allies, in terms of social work on gender violence in the family space. Gender policies are thus re-appropriated locally, justifying an organizational and pedagogical model based on physical separation and segregation according to criteria of inequality and differences, which reinforces the fragmentation of the system and segregation processes. The paper is based on a qualitative research developed in a private Catholic school that separates boys and girls in the city of Buenos Aires, and sought to understand the articulation of class and gender in the production of educational inequalities and their approach from the teachers' point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the current policy of inclusive education and its relationship with the issue of the inclusion of people with disabilities (PcD) in Mexico. Its objective is to identify some strengths, weaknesses, omissions, but above all, rationalities that come from or have been produced by the political movement of inclusive education. There is the assumption that the inclusive education policy has been constituted on a type of liberal individual economic rationality, that, even when it has enabled the inclusion of some identities, continues to make others invisible, as some PcD. We conclude that inclusive education is a project framed by the need for social change; however, this idea is limited to its time and the real implementation options. In this way, rather than speaking about inclusion, it would be necessary to talk about inclusivity: it implies a space where no one can position himself as the possessor of the totality of knowledge, it would make possible the meeting between the particularities and the reflective dialogue that would produce specific balances in time, in both, the applied logics and determined practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the impact that a Scholarship Program in Mexico City has on perceptions that families have of their children's grade averages. The study uses a new database collected for the purpose of evaluating this conditional cash transfer program, which contains information for a random sample of a treatment group and control group. Through linear and ordered probit regression models, it was found that participation in the Scholarship Program increased the perception of high grade averages by 18.1%, and reduced 11.3 and 6.7% the perception of mid and low range grade averages, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the impact that higher education funding has had in Medellin with resources from the participatory budget program during the 2007-2015 period. The short-term impact on employment, income, children, marital status and socio-economic mobilization is analyzed. For the above, the certified base of the Sisben 2015 and the base of enrolled in the program are used. The treatment eligibility rule is used, so a sharp discontinuous regression design is estimated. The results indicate that the non-eligible population in the margin is very similar to the eligible. The program reduces the probability of being employed and receiving income, as well as having children for women but increases the chances that low-income people can access the higher education and mobilization socioeconomic level. There is no evidence of any effect on marital status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in childhood is fundamental to healthy child development and positive long-term effects. This paper aims to analyze the impact of early education on child development, measured through: Ages and Stages Questionnaires - Third Edition (ASQ-3). The results are not homogenous for the studied population, and effects are not found when the total sample is considered. A negative and significant effect on gross motor skills was found for children under 40 months. For children over 40 months, the effect of early education on socioindividual tests and problem-solving tests is positive and significant. Early education policies are fundamental to contributing to the improvement child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we work about the sense that the concept of inclusion acquired as a guiding principle of educational policies in the context of progressive governments 2003-2010 in Argentina, Uruguay and Brasil. We describe and analyze some educational policy programs aimed at educational inclusion in those countries based on theoretical contributions and political perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the place of education for youth and adults and education in contexts of deprivation of liberty in the National Educational Law, in the orientation that this conception gave to the National Ministry of Education policies and in that what enabled for jurisdictions, especially in Córdoba. It results of the doctoral thesis “Adult secondary education in the present. A comparative study between Córdoba (Argentina) and Catalonia (Spain)”and the research Production of meaning and subjectivity in the prison space: access to rights and justice”. Based on the analysis of the regulations and the national and provincial policies that it inspired, it is argued that education as a public good and social right represented a substantial turn in the policies for permanent youth and adult education and in confinement contexts modalities, notwithstanding the insufficient aspects of some actions and the various obstacles to access to education that still persist. It ends with questions about the course of this law within the framework of a socio-political, economic and cultural context very different from the one that favored its emergence and the clues that the current educational policy offers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is part of a post PhD research which main purpose was to analyze: what types of relationships are stablished in the process of inclusion of students with disabilities? The objective of this paper was "To characterize the relationships that have been built from the experience of educational inclusion of students with disabilities from the teachers' perspective", approached from the relational aspect in the experience of 41 teachers who have attended students with any disability during their teaching practice. The methodology was qualitative, the tool used was a questionnaire composed by seven open questions, the answers were analyzed, using some elements of coding and categorization proposed by the Grounded Theory. The results are about that relationships can be thought of from three characteristics: relationships whit an interest sustained by a technical sense, relationships based on an interest with a practical sense and relationships sustained with an interest with a transforming sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by historicizing certain issues that are put at stake in the extension of mandatory schooling in Argentina, as elaborated in the 2006 National Education Law which, in which from its extension to the end of secondary education it includes more actors and institutions. In order to accomplish this, laws and regulations are analyzed, as well as parliamentary debates and various documents. The second half of this paper accounts for the different circulating meanings regarding to the schooling of those who attend Secondary Level Educational Centers (students, teachers, directors). Since they did not tend to identify youths and adults as subjects of the regulation that establishes compulsory education, it is argued that historical configurations intervene in this stance, configurations that are linked to said command as well as to personal experiences. In this second half of the paper, the records of the ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two Secondary Level Educational Centers are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the most recent changes in Argentine federalism and the challenges that arise from the migration process from a dual model to a cooperative one. Specifically, it reflects on the political and institutional challenges for the formulation and implementation of public policies and the transformations in terms of articulation of these policies in heterogeneous contexts: large differences between different levels of regional development, and also in terms of political-ideological conception and policy orientation of the highest authorities of the executive in each of the levels of government. In order to analyze these challenges we work over the federal councils, considering them as an instrument that promotes public policy coordination between the national government and the provincial states. In this sense, we explore the transformations of the federal management of educational policy since it provides evidence to identify significant milestones in the process of transformation of the management arrangements of Argentine federalism and, on recent experience, how the consolidation of the Federal Education Council (FEC) contributes to improve the conditions of the joint cooperative model. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate on federalism and intergovernmental relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a balance of the magnitude and dimensions of the high school dropout, using some theoretical contributions and a review about the main Mexican policies. Oriented by a qualitative methodology, based on the theoretical review, the recovery of fundamental statistical information and the systematization of experiences of policies and programs oriented to the prevention of abandonment in the high school, an analytical framework was generated to organize and analyze the main government strategies, as well as the guidelines issued by the National Institute for the Evaluation of Education. The analysis finds a policy trend to address risk factors, mainly socioeconomic, but ignores fundamental issues such as the school environment and school integration. Therefore, some recommendations are proposed to strengthen public policy in the educational field, recognizing the heterogeneity of the causes of dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an advance of more extensive work on state education policy that was developed for the basic level in the state of Puebla (Mexico) is presented, during the government of Guillermo Jiménez Morales, from 1981 to 1987. The paper considers three asperts of education policy in the state: the explicit educational purposes formulated and disseminated by the state authorities, the creation of secondary schools on television (telesecundarias) as an essential element analysis of this period and finally dataset published on the behavior of the educational system, in terms of enrollment, teachers, schools and education spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the centrality that the educational reforms of Pacto por México give to the rules of the game --vis a vis teacher behavior--, this paper examines its preexisting institutional design. The starting point was the existing claims that such design created agency problems. Our purpose was to prove the configuration of a specific type of agency problem: organizational moral hazard. We deconstructed normativity with the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), proposed by Crawford and Ostrom (1995). IGT allows to systematically identify --if any-- the rules present in policy documents, unveiling the genetic code of policies that configure arenas where individuals display their interactions. We found that the way control management at schools is structured in relation to the application of sanctions to teachers constitutes a moral hazard situation given its assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public choice theorists argue that political and administrative decentralization increases the efficiency in the delivery of public services in local communities. This paper departs from a critical stand of this perspective in studying the phenomenon of poor school performance. The Department of Atlántico is a case that deviates from the assumptions of public choice scholars, and hence its analysis serves to open an ontological and practical discussion on how to study processes of primary and secondary educational decentralization in Colombia. The use of a realist paradigm as a methodological backup to analyse a set of individual and group interviews at different levels of the government helps to unveil many of these implications. Themes identified in this study include the limited capacity of local authorities to design and administrate educational policies, the lack of clarity among the actors of different levels of the national education system about the use of state examinations, and the difficulty experienced by school directors of public educational institutions to access promptly to educational quality resources. These findings are all indicative of policy complexities omitted in the diagnostics of the sector published in the mainstream literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to document a research project that was carried out in a rural indigenous school in Yucatan. The purpose of this study was to analyze from a critical perspective the school experiences in an indigenous rural school and the contribution of these for the intercultural education of children. The role of the school has been questioned; if attending school makes a difference in their lives or contributes to maintaining the conditions they live. Ethnographic design was followed. It framed the data recollection in three different interaction arenas and its key players: One teacher, parents and children. Results show that education policies are neoliberal framed. It maintains and reproduces exclusion structures to indigenous rural populations. Education policies, economic and social forces pressure the life of educational key player's and impacts them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to explain the curriculum modifications in secondary education in Costa Rica. Specifically, it is centered on the review, analysis, and interpretation of the characteristics of the plan of study for basic secondary education in Costa Rica, as well as on the identification of progress and problems. The article first analyzes the tendencies in Latin America for secondary education and the tensions generated in various nations given the social, economic, and educational demands; subsequently, the proposals that Costa Rica has made in this framework, given the need to achieve quality and pertinence. Lastly, it reflects on the reforms of curriculum change in secondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compulsory high school education is a process that has been developing, with different characteristics, in some Latin American countries. In Mexico, the H. Congress of the Union modified the 3rd and 31st articles of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States to extend compulsory education to high school from 2012. Although there is a growth of enrollment in this level of education, many young people do not attend high school or they interrupt their studies. With the purpose of describing some characteristics of this process in Mexico, I present reflections that emerged from a recently concluded research in dialogue with the current bibliography. It is a study that analyzes, from an ethnographic perspective, the accreditation of subjects in everyday life at Colegio de Bachilleres high school in Mexico City. We claim that the credit system is affected by a mandate that is present in current educational policies: to improve young people's indexes of access to school, enrollment, and passing courses in high school. The aim of this paper is to identify challenges for the institutions that are envisioned in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prefix inter culture analyzed for several decades has triggered various debates and academic positions and defined "inclusive" education policies in response to cultural diversity; however, multiculturalism, rather than a conceptual polysemic category is analyzed here as interethnic and social practices between tsotsiles Q'anjob'ales, cohabiting in the same community. The aim of this paper is to analyze the scope, limitations, and conceptual and procedural challenges of multiculturalism and its articulation with social, cultural and educational practices in Nuevo San Juan Chamula, a multicultural community in the southern border of Chiapas, Mexico. It is organized into two themes: the first analyzes the different perspectives of analysis of multiculturalism and, second, identifies and analyzes some social and educational aspects from the concrete practices of indigenous people. This work is based on literature review, ethnographic observation at school, in the family and in the community and in interviews with tsotsiles and Q'anjob'ales community elders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general aim of this paper is to contribute to the concrete implementation of an educational policy that considers intercultural education in the teaching of writing. Our proposal is focused on Language and Literature teacher training, given the fact that those students are going to be responsible for the education in multicultural classrooms and, in some cases, in multilingual contexts. The specific purpose of this paper is to propose directions for the design of writing tasks that showcase linguistic diversity and suggest linguistic variation in Spanish contact linguistic situations with one or more indigenous languages within teacher training. For this purpose, we have taken into consideration both the Argentinian literary workshops methodology that has arisen in the 70's, as well as the Ethnopragmatics contribution. From the activities provided in this research, we have produced new writing tasks that specifically deal with interculturality. In conclusion, we have intended to create a complementary path to theoretical reflection on language contact the path of practice itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a contribution to the modern pedagogical literature regarding educational inequalities. We analyze the differences in the results between the ten CCAA that participated with a wide sample in the 2006 edition of PISA. The results show that a project such as PISA, whose first intention was to improve the educational politics of nation-states, also reveals the educational differences within countries. In the case of Spain, this paper shows that even with a common normative framework, autonomous educational politics along with certain contextual factors can produce very different educational results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author analyzes the conditions in which "another territoriality" manages to penetrate the symbol of the sectoriality which they are the educative public policies. After to define the limits of the educative public policy and the decentralization, in general, and the Colombian case, in individual, doing a file of the Colombian process of educative decentralization from 1982, analyzes the Program of charter schools in Bogota during the Administrations of Peñalosa In this paper, the author analyzes the conditions in which "another territoriality" manages to penetrate the symbol of the sectoriality which they are the educative public policies. After to define the limits of the educative public policy and the decentralization, in general, and the Colombian case, in individual, doing a file of the Colombian process of educative decentralization from 1982, analyzes the Program of charter schools in Bogota during the Administrations of Peñalosa and Mockus 2 that it little combines the subject treated about "pedagogy" with the subject, very controversial, of the management deprived of the educational ones and sample that yes is possible to construct one "another territoriality", different from the cradle in the school, and to practice therefore a new form of governance of its territory that it questions the "public education" and replaces the concept to him of "public service of education", rendered by" private" actors. Finally, a series of conclusions appears that insist on the fact that it is not clear if this local initiative is a conjuncture measurement or marks outline of a new territorial policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes two questions: where does United States public administration is going and which would be the best way to build its path toward the future. The author begins discussing through a historical point of view, where it is clear that there are important intellectual confusions. These are not only due to the relatively short existence of the discipline in United States, but also in deeper cultural traditions of such country. Next, the author tries to draw the conceptual boundaries of the discipline and discusses which are its special fields, scientific techniques, methodology, and emergent categories. Last but not least, the paper proposes a particular perspective regarding the direction that the United States administrative science might take given the lack of a concept of the State (beginning with its constitutional design) which might be taken as a fact for this country, continuing to affecting the United States perspective on public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the concept of inclusion as a characteristic of education from a human development perspective. In this light, it discusses the social state, citizenship rights, and economic hegemony in the context of globalization as forces that promote mechanisms of exclusion, including poverty, elitist policy measures, ethnic discrimination, cultural segregation, and the participation of international organizations in national political and economic decisions, among others. Thus, the paper places administration of the welfare state within a social structure. Also, the paper considers school as an area of interaction between individuals that promotes a humanistic system of education for all people. Moreover, it aims to create a sense of unease in the reader by outlining different theories of inclusion versus exclusion and shedding light on the substantial differences in commitment to education administration at the national level as reflected in different economic, political, cultural, and social strata. The paper emphasizes the purpose of an inclusive approach to education as part of the effort to achieve quality in education administration. It then defends inclusive education centers, where students' individual learning needs are considered through holistic curriculum development and where ever-changing human interactions are taken into account in order to seek more effective administrative strategies and projects that decisively address changes in education. In this way, problems are solved in an altruistic and holistic manner that implies a dynamic, democratic, and multi-faceted role for the reader, as well as commitment on the part of administrators of educational organizations, and leads to proactive administration. [TRANSLATION]

The aim of this paper is to explain the factors that determine the gap in the level of English language proficiency between public and private schools, and to determine whether it has narrowed over time as a result of public policies to generalize bilingualism in Colombia. The language scores on the Saber 11 tests for 2008 and 2013 were analyzed for this purpose. An educational production function that involves family, personal and school factors and an approach to the unobservable component of the skill is introduced. The difference in performance has remained more or less constant, but with a slight reduction; however, the unexplained portion, attributable to the students' motivational component, was found to have declined considerably, indicating that public policies are working in terms of helping students to become interested in learning a foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses processes of sociocultural appropriation in the federal school project, as verified in rural locations in the eastern part of the Valley of Mexico, during the expansion of the Secretariat of Public Education between 1922 and 1940. Documentation includes incidents of cultural conflict involving neighbors and users of schools featuring the so-called pedagogy of action used in federal schools. The analysis is centered fundamentally on the conflict surrounding practices of teaching for life, coeducation, and the growth and encouragement of the new measures that schools inspired by such pedagogy were expected to understand. The analysis of incidents reveals not only the forms of resistance generated by rural nonconformity but also the negotiating processes that molded the local cultural appropriation of the school project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that Intercultural universities derived from the convergence of three components: first, the goals of social policy (relative to poverty reduction); secondly, a policy of higher education aimed at increasing enrollment and training of human capital; and finally, the agenda of interculturallsm promoted In recent years by the national and international indigenous movement. This suggests that, initially, this university subsystem was far from being a mere component of higher education policy, nor was it the result of the government's willingness to advance a complex reconfiguration of the old nation-state In favor of a pluricultural state. Rather, It was conceived as an instrument of social policy by the federal government as a mechanism intended to create educational opportunities for the youth of indigenous peoples, and to reduce marginalization levels among these peoples, which is a manipulation or reduction of the demands of the interculturalism agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of the New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into Argentina's education system is at the same time the result of both national and provincial policy as well as other unplanned influences that come from outside of the education's field. Whatever its origin, the incorporation of ICTs into the classrooms reflects a global cultural's change which consists of a qualitative transformation of the ways of our social interaction, the definition of our identities, and the production and circulation of knowledge. On the following paper we will present the main ideas of our future research, which aims to identify and characterize the interpretative communities conformed by students at school. In this way, we aim to study the relationships between students and written culture since the technological model implemented by the educational policy Plan ConectarIgualdad, developed by the national government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the implications of intercultural education within contemporary debate. In the first place, we will review the Argentinian legislation. Afterward, we will discuss the core characteristics of the educational system, in order to study the historical incorporation of indigenous people in schools. Then, we will explore the actual legislation about intercultural education with the aim of stressing their potentialities as well as their limitations. Finally, we will present the mainly discussions in the field of Anthropology and Education. From the methodological point of view, this text rest on recent academic sources, widely disseminated and available in virtual environments. All these sources were analyzed regarding the information we reconstruct during our different field works, made in the last decade with indigenous populations of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probit/logit techniques are applied to the data from Barometer No. 2,829 published by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas to examine three problems related with public sector decentralisation. The paper concludes, first, that citizens' perception of efficiency gains from decentralisation have a positive effect on their support for decentralised government. Second, that citizens are more likely to perceive the efficiency gains from decentralisation if they correctly ascribe responsibility for education and health services to regions. And third, that citizens who most accurately identify regional responsibility for the provision of those services tend to be better educated, older, engaged in paid work or public employment, concerned about regional politics and resident in one region with higher initial level of devolved powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking the cultural heritage in our time is to defend the identity and closer to the pedagogical practice is crucial especially for law students, lawgivers, who inspire the approach of this paper. It is intention to expose the essential aspects relate to the Island of Cuba with one of the most important events in Spain in XIX century, marking the Spanish liberalism and its influence on the overseas provinces, that is why it pretend give a point of view about the contents of Spanish Constitution of 1812, over two hundred years of its proclamation, in terms of education. Also it talks about the projection of Felix Varela as a precursor of liberating thought, his participation in the Spanish Court during the period between 1821 and 1823 valuations development of higher education in the nineteenth century are included because of their importance in publiceducation and politics of the time.This groundhelps to understandthe roots of liberating thought and their needs for the transformation of higher education on a scientific basis. Methodology used was based on the documental review and the analysis of content such as technique of qualitative nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framed within the development policies for the region, educational agendas for Latin America represent specific commitments that transcend the improvement in the results of specific tests permeating both pedagogical practices and conceptual frameworks in which these ones acquire meaning. This paper covers some of the commitments made by these agendas and develops the general framework in which participation of philosophical community is expected and required as a guarantor and promoter of the construction of spaces for reflection and action on educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic which deals with this paper is the construction of subjectivities through a dialogic reason in the elaboration of public policies by Chile, in the field of interculturality and the expression that it has in the teaching of history, specifically on basic education in the areas of high concentration of students from Aymará ethnic groups. Methodologically a structural analysis is applied in order to give an account of the perceptions of the main actors in a school, and thus investigate the inconsistency that can be generated with the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention N°169. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the differences in the return to education between two regions with the greatest number of higher-education institutions in Chile, Biobio and Metropolitana. Several variants of the Mincer equation are estimated under the Heckit approach using data from the CASEN survey of 2000 and 2011. The results confirm the existence of territorial differences to the detriment of the Biobio region, which are observed in the returns to education, labor experience, and credential effect. Furthermore, the evidence supports the idea of a strong gender gap in earnings inside both regions and the presence of ethnic discrimination in the Metropolitana region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze first drafts of a coaching service to schools (SATE, for its acronym in Spanish) in the context of current educational reform in Mexico. To this end all legal documents and various program documents that have been released throughout 2013 and 2014 relating to basic education were analyzed. The paper is organized in three sections. The history of this type of service in Mexico is presented first; the second section includes information on the SATE as included in the legal documents of the current educational policy. In a third section some comments on what have to be taken into account for the proper implementation of a service of this nature are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to analyze the progress and challenges of inclusive education in Colombia, through a comparative analysis of policies and strategies developed within the country and the measures taken by Spain in the same direction. Nine categories were defined for this analysis, based on the key elements identified in the international agreements with names preceded by "UNESCO": 1) the inclusive education approach, 2) focus groups, 3) responsible parties and resources, 4) teaching and learning strategies, 5) curriculum design, 6) educational levels, 7) teacher training, 8) community involvement and 9) evaluation and monitoring. The sources of information include official documents from the agencies in each country that oversee and direct educational services, as well as national legislation currently in effect. The results of this analysis indicate the two countries in question are not so far apart in terms of their legislation and recognition of the principle of inclusion. This shows Colombia has adapted its policy on education to reflect international guidelines. However, it is clear the implementation of these guidelines is still far from inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the changes that have occurred in Brazil's higher education in recent decades, as policies have been implemented to expand the supply of private and public education while creating policies focused on equity. In this context, the paper analyzes geographical, racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and educational inequity based on the official data on the general population and students in private and public institutions in 2004 and 2010. Also shown are the society's inequities of income, average schooling, and race/ethnic group and their reproduction in higher education, in amplified form. The conclusion is that in spite of continued inequity, the data reveal a positive impact on equity, possibly as a consequence of the implemented policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay by Backhoff and Contreras published in issue 63 of Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa offers solid evidence of bias in the results of the enlace test. The authors conclude that the "inflation" of scores can be explained by "testing conditions and the consequences associated with scores". Both elements, which are not developed in the authors' work, are a reminder of the context of implementing teacher evaluations in recent years, by means of a system of political interactions between educational authorities and the teachers' union. This paper attempts to offer some explanatory elements of the relation between the Secretariat of Public Education and the National Union of Workers in Education, with regard to this subject. The guiding idea--which various authors have developed in depth--stipulates that for several decades, the form and content of basic educational policies in Mexico have arisen from such relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FCH at UNLPam is one of the first universities in the country to give signs of commitment regarding gender. Among these is the Interdisciplinary Institute of Women Studies, created in 1993. In 2008, UNLPam legislates for the use of non-sexist language when applied in the degrees granted. In 2010, in the view of the changes on the Teaching Studies curricula, an Integral Sexual Education Seminar was incorporated; and nowadays, Extracurricular and public lectures are given in the form of Cátedra Libre named Educación Sexual Integral y Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos. It emerges along with the local forum for the rights to legal, safe and free abortion. The creation of this Chair reflects the interest in studying the complexities of the bodies, sexuality and gender in education, particularly at schools, as a socializing space in different levels. University functions are not only formative, but also being a central part in formulating public policies in education. This paper attempts to account for the articulation between the activism processes that have been taking place in the city and the accessibility found at the university decision- spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the TIMSS 2011 study, an international survey that assesses the educational skills of students enrolled in primary education, highlight the gap between the level of Spanish students and the average of OECD countries, especially in mathematics. The aim of this paper is to analyze the main factors behind the Spanish student performance in this competence. For that purpose, we apply multilevel regression techniques, since the available data are nested at different levels (students, classes and schools). The results confirm some evidences found for secondary education as well as other specific aspects for the case of primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2004, the district of Bogotá has built massively schools of great capacity and infraestructure known as Megacolegios (Mega-schools). By 2010, the city counted with 42 new school which were built in the areas of the city with the highest demand for educational access. This paper uses matching techniques to measure the impact of the megacolegios in the students performance on the Saber 11° estandarized test. The results show that the megacolegios have no impact on the students performance. Nevertheless, The megacolegios do mitigate the negative relation between performance and some students characteristics like over age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European education policy is based on the principle of subsidiarity on common goals for the year 2020 among the member countries of the European Union. This article explores the educational context in Spain and the method used to achieve the European objectives. Currently we are living in a system of political decentralization and have experienced important legislative changes in recent years. Consequently, through a documentary analysis of the reports and papers produced by the Ministry of Education, the proposals for the Educational and Social Covenant of 2010 and Territorial Cooperation Programs, we identified the commitments that the Spanish government has undertaken to work in conjunction with the European objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the implications that had the first experience of alternation in the mexican state of Chihuahua for public schools. By applying interviews and the recovery of field diaries, it was possible to conclude that the changes were not significant in terms of operation of the educational system, however, changes in other dimensions ocurred: in the field of strategic planning and the role of the teachers union. In other dimension it was observed that some symbolic references were changed, but the daily educational practice remained virtually untouched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates public and private (household) spending per student on education in early childhood, primary and secondary education in Spain, in public educational institutions and in publicly-funded private educational institutions. We use 2007 data from the Household Spending on Education Survey and the Statistics on Public Spending on Education. Public expenditure on education per student in publicly-funded private educational institutions was 49.9% that spent on public educational institutions. The cost assumed by families in public institutions was 38.7% that spent on publicly-funded private educational institutions. The total expenditure per student on publicly-funded private educational institutions was 66.9% that spent on public educational institutions. Enrollment in publicly-funded private educational institutions implies a reduction of public expenditure on education and the transfer of part of those educational expenses to families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we aim to address some issues of equity in higher education, from the particular perspective of Latin American reality. Our interest is highlight the fact of the theoretical and methodological positions through which equity policies are defined in the field of higher education and how social meanings and ways are established around them. In the first part, a brief description of the scenarios of higher education in Latin America is done, both in regard to the socio-political structural processes and the dynamics of higher education systems. In the second part, a conceptual reconstruction is approached to allow us to show the movements operating in university policies in recent decades which have resulted in the implementation of the so called policies of equity. In the third part of the paper, different levels of specification of the concept of equity in university dynamics are analyzed, which account for their productive potential practices. Finally, we describe some of the most important initiatives displayed in recent years by some countries of the region framed in equity policies, focusing on their effects and scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to initiate a reflexion on education as another way of thinking of the May 1810 revolution in Argentina. Such a goal requires returning, among other things, to the objectives of the May Revolution, which were the principles intended for education, what kind of knowledge and skills were believed to be necessary, which was the relationship between education and change and what were the philosophical, political and pedagogical educational paradigms of that time. The insistence of some of the "men of May" about the new government to be based on an also new citizen made them rethink education, in order to ensure the people's access to revolutionary ideas with which they intended to found a new order, and perhaps a nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Organic Law for Improving the Educational Quality (LOMCE): a contested reform with limited horizon This paper analyzes the Spanish educational reform of 2013, based on new principles of LOMCE that qualify the old principle of inclusive education which however continues to restrict academic freedom in private schools with public funding. At the same time, this principle is limited by the recognition of this schools' right to make a different offer based on single sex education. Moreover, this reform strengthens the dispersal of Spanish education system, divided by 17 autonomous communities, with less than 50% uniformity. Also, it does not clarify the scope of education as public service, missing the opportunity to refine the legal framework for private schools with public funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the normative framework for equity in the policies of the Mexican state, especially policies directed to higher education. Th e empirical referent was a set of documents that regulate and orient actions on inclusion and equity for attaining social cohesion in Mexico, based on the idea that our nation is constituted by diverse peoples and indigenous inhabitants, handicapped people, "alternate" movements, and other groups, and therefore must be governed according to the characteristics of all citizens. Th is document forms part of a broader research project referred to as the "Inter-University Framework Program for Equity and Social Cohesion Policies in Higher Education", within the work of the Latin American Research Network in Educational Policy (RIAIPE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]