Search

Candida utilis (torula yeast) is the most widely used yeast as an animal feed supplement due to its high content of B vitamin, minerals and amino acids, therefore, in order to use it as food, studies have been carried out to increase its growth rate and production, highlighting the use of magnetic fields. This paper constitutes a review of the main characteristics of this yeast, its use as an alternative food worldwide and in Cuba, as well as the effect of the application of magnetic fields on its growth. The results of the review carried out show that Candida utilis is used in the production of unicellular protein, due to its ability to use a variety of carbon sources, being able to replace traditional protein sources. Although several investigations are reported in which the application of a static magnetic field causes an increase in the growth of fungi and yeasts, few reports were found in relation to the torula yeast, even so, it is found that low-intensity magnetic fields increase the cell biomass of this yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the use of membrane bioreactor technology (MBRs) in the treatment of wastewater generated in the dairy industry. These wastewaters have physicochemical and microbiological characteristics that require specialized treatments; biological processes are the most recommended because of their costeffectiveness, efficiency of elimination and high environmental friendliness. MBRs combine the biological degradation process with membrane filtration, obtaining a high quality effluent. They can be aerobic or anaerobic, highlighting that when the process occurs anaerobically, by-products such as biogas and biofertilizers are generated, in addition to the possibility of direct reuse of the effluent in secondary processes of the industry, which constitutes an approach to the biorefinery concept. Different investigations have shown organic matter and total suspended solids (TSS) removal values in the ranges of 90 - 99 % and 85 - 100 %, respectively, compared to conventional biological treatment processes, which only reach up to 80 %. Emphasis is placed on the type of membranes used and their particularities due to their impact on the quality of the final effluent, being microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) the most commonly used to treat dairy wastewater. These premises make membrane bioreactor technology a viable option for the treatment of wastewater generated in the dairy industry in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the present paper is to systematize the contributions of more than 15 15 years teamwork around the understanding of communication as a field of complex inter and transdisciplinary reflections, built on the research practice of the Center for Cuban and Caribbean Social Studies “Dr. José A. Portuondo ”, from the Universidad de Oriente (Cuba). To systematize the results, a large volume of data contained in 49 undergraduated and postgraduated investigations, 60 scientific articles, 8 books, 15 book chapters, as well as the empirical experience accumulated in dozens of communities, cultural projects, social institutions was analyzed., local governments, unions, companies, scientific events among others, where research results have been socialized and introduced. A complex conception of communication of a socio-anthropological and micro-cultural nature is proposed, which is already located in the analysis of the media, cultural management, socio-cultural relations, politics and local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the treatment of vulnerabilities in the population takes on a new tone in the current conditions. To address this social phenomenon, it is necessary to implement a methodological tool of proven effectiveness worldwide, such as the multidimensional measurement of poverty. This paper aims to explain the characteristics of multidimensional poverty measurement as a tool for improving government attention to vulnerabilities from public policies. The proposal of an Observatory as a way to achieve this task. Among the results of the work are: the elaboration of an instrument for the registration of socioeconomic information in the homes of the municipality, the formation of capacities in institutions and the municipal government, the development of a mobile application and a computer software for capturing, transmission, processing and dissemination of data collected at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Universidad de Oriente, since its foundation in 1947 in the East of Cuba, with particular characteristics that were due to the historical context in which an educational process began that was distinguished from the one that already existed in Havana, printed and has represented a model of education that gathers a founding history and a set of figures that represent it. 75 years after its foundation, this paper has the fundamental objective of analyzing the particularities of the foundation process and development of the Department of Marxism-Leninism of the Universidad de Oriente (provision of services). A journey is made from the foundation of said department in the 1973- 1974 academic year, to its current conformation, going through some of the debates that are held about Marxism today. For its development, it is based on a bibliographical search and the methods: inductive, deductive and historical-logical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues the origins of research in chemical sciences at the University of Orient, and the first chemical degree course in Cuba. The peculiar origin of the career, as a consequence of the orientation to research towards basic science, promoted by Dr. H. Harry Szmant from whiting the career of Industrial Chemical Engineering, is demonstrated. The creation, purposes and evolution of the Chemical Research Center at the Universidad de Oriente are analized. It is argued that the early decision to organize the Chemistry Conference in 1964, the first on the country, arose from identifying the need to divulgate the results and promote exchange among scientists, It is shown that this event served as platform for the creation of the Cuban Society of Chemistry and the Cuban Journal of Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the ending of the XVIII century, there are in Cuba a distinguished group of People with a great monetary power and interested in culture. Colonial authorities don't feel safe with this people who has something in common: they are afro-descendant. This s the main argument for create a politic oppression designed for destroy this economic elite. This was created against the colonial system and they were involved in polemic actions like La Escalera Conspiracy in 1844. But colonial authorities just can pull down their economic power, not their ideas. With this paper, from the view of the oppression against black people, we want to give light about the resistance and the educational level that black Cubans reach in the most significant time within the process of creation of the whole Cuban identity between 1844 and 1898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called hegemonic model of masculinity constitutes a risk factor. It is a multiconditioned phenomenon, but every time it's highlighted the role of personality's socialization. In this way, the higher educational levels are called to perform a primordial function through its substantive process. The purpose of this paper is: Characterize the treatment of this subject in the experiences of some Cuban universities. An integrated analysis was made of the concepts: masculinities and substantive process of high education, expressed in a group of indicators distributed per each one of these concepts. As theoretical methods of research were used: the analytical synthetic, the transit from the abstract to the concrete, the inductive-deductive and the historicallogical. In an empirical level, the study of documents. The conclusions make reference to the developments and challenges within Cuban high education about the treatment of the researched topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was characterize of the chemical point of view, the soils at the emplacement of hazardous waste depository, at Juraguá, Cuba, as part of the Environmental Baseline. It was possible to establish the reference levels of the following heavy metals (MP): copper (Cu), zinc (Zn); chromium (Cr); nickel (Ni); lead (Pb); cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn), by the method of Direct Aspiration by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) in air - acetylene flame, according to procedures. Mercury (Hg) was determined using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA - 80), according to the standard procedure. The confidence intervals for the mean with a probability of 95%, were established and are of great importance for the evaluation of the environmental impact of the installation in the soil. These results are within the range reported as natural values and should be considered as references values for the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the process of Antonio Maceo's political leadership formation in the Great War, which began before October 10, 1868, when he led a conspiracy group in Majaguabo that would later become the Majaguabo Section within the Cuba Division of the Liberator Army. It is shown that in the first four years there is little political activity of Maceo, however his presence in transcendental events of the Revolution allow him to assimilate the experiences that, later, will serve as the basis for the conformation of a political thought and the performance of a leadership from the most radical positions of the mambisado. The Baraguá Protest is then the highest point of that thought and its political leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present paper consists on exposing basic concepts that propitiate the understanding and they facilitate the practical to the consolidation of the socialism in Cuba, as only alternative possible of development and freedom, in the measure that explains to you this as universal phenomenon, whose construction model is diverse, given the necessity to adjust the strategies, political, administration systems, etc., to the circumstances space-storms. The thesis is based with respect to that any country that seeks to build a fair and prosperous society can avoid the historical period of the transition from the capitalism to the socialism, stage whose essential content consists on a complex process of conformation of the identity producer-proprietor in an unknown scale until then in Cuba, with the active participation of the State in the conduction of all the processes, I don't eat owner, if not in its representative character and guarantor of the interests of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has experienced of Santiago de Cuba an increase in social indiscipline at all levels in recent years, showing a higher incidence in the communities; important scenery for the historical development of our nation, as a strategic factor and tactical element of our social project. In this sense, this paper aims to: assess the forms of organization of preventive practices to this problem at the Community context to propose actions aimed at reducing the difficulties in this direction. It is concluded specifying the actions not very effective in dealing with this problem by subjects that make up the social prevention system at this level and the need to use mechanism of Socialization and more efficient interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the decade of 1940s, Cuba had an increase in action groups. These organizations gathered former fighters against Machado regime, and ex soldiers from the Spanish Civil War, and Second World War. Under the term of revolutionary, during the Auténtico leadership, they became in battle front against the opposition, took benefits from the corruption of public officials and they was engaged in sanguinary internecine struggles. This paper aims to analize action groups, from the premise that its existence was not only a product of its inmediate sociopolitics circumstances, but also it is related with the consagration of insurrectional idealistics as a base of cuban political culture of burgeois republic. Also, the article propose an approach to classify action groups, taking into account its composition, methods, financing ways, relationship with the government, and ideological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at revealing the place of the development of civic competences in the citizen's formative dynamics with higher education. The paper is part of the results of the theoretical research carried out by the authors about the civic formation of the university students. The understanding of the civic formation as a process developer of competences for the sociotransformation, the determination of the civic competences that are sought to develop in the Cuban youths with university education, as well as the precision of their functions and concretion ways are important moments of the present valuation. The classification of the basic civic competences and the definition of the sociotransforming competence as the integration of all of them contribute to the upgrading of inadequacies present in the theoretical referents on the topic and in the educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the characteristics of the design and contents of the provincial diploma imparted to cadres of the municipal structures of the education sector are socialized in order to develop their managerial capacities and the effective change of the system of work that at that level of direction is executed. It presents the main topics addressed from the learning needs diagnosed and the theoretical and practical contributions made by a group of researchers from the Universidad de Oriente. The most relevant results are obtained, based on the formative transformations achieved in the integral culture of management and the managerial performance by the participants of the diploma course, in the municipalities of Santiago de Cuaba, II Frente, San Luis and Songo-La Maya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frank País García raises as a symbol of Santiago de Cuba. his revolutionary labor allows him to trascend as a national historical figure with a great impact on his generation. This paper relays on referencies and testimonies of some of País García's contemporary people. Although he died Young, he left Deep ethic conceptions beneath his revolutionary work: modesty, sensibility, courage, education, a firm carácter, great sense of discipline and organization; all cualities that new generations should assume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sinter of Nickel quality, final product of the Company Comandante Ernesto Che Guevara (Punta Gorda), has been affected in the last years. It is suspected that one of the possible causes is the Nickel Oxide grain, for that reason it has been necessary to increase the knowledge of the process until the obtaining of this oxide. A multivariable statistical study is carried out in this paper with the purpose of determining the influence of the physical-chemical composition of the basic Nickel carbonate,the operation parameters in the plant of Ammonia Recovery and the calcination furnace on the grain of the Nickel oxide. The study also classified the grain of this oxide in classes of behaviors and to characterize it for its variables. The method of statistical diagnosis carried out was an Analysis in Main Components (AMC) and of classification for the PRESTA methodology, using the soft SPAD version 3.5. In this paper the purpose is basically to show the power of the AMC in the statistical diagnosis of problems in the industry, it is done without the identity of a great part of the variables of the process, only the basic variables of the carried out diagnosis are identified that are necessary for the fundamental conclusions of the analysis, this is done by reasons of discretion with the sensitive information of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is presented a methodology for the minimization of residuals and industrial emissions, which is a guide for the environmental work developed in the Biotechnology Department of the Solar Energy Research Center. The paper presents the advantages of the preventive solutions for the industry. The techniques used for the pollution minimization in the industry, as well as an example of applications in the Caney factory in Santiago de Cuba are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the future of the Cuban cultural thought of the Republic is of vital importance for the understanding of their essences into the national culture. This paper aims to make a critical- descriptive analysis of the book: The Cuban Cultural Thought in the Republic. ¿Art Theory in the Caribbean? From the young Cuban researcher Yaneidys Arencibia Coloma. The work proposes the redefinition of the Republican cultural thought from a paradigmatic analysis of titles within the work of Fernando Ortiz, Jorge Mañach, Juan Marinello, Alejo Carpentier and Jose Lezama written between 1923 and 1961. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the different cultural consumptions of young people, the musical consumption is one of the most trascendent. This is the topic of the following paper, which main proposal lies on the constant presence of musical sounds in youth daily life. Leisure, relaxation, sensation of company and moods are transmitted by music. Besides, other cultural productions, artistic or not, such as, audiovisual materials are blended with musical products and take high places on people's preferences. This research i based on the theoretical frameworks of consumption and youth. The narrow communion of quantitative and qualitative methodologies has allowed to articulate it and get an interpretative criteria about the musical consumption process, in which it has been important the consideration of the sound singularity and its influence in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the knowledge society and information sciences face new social challenges, including the need for a more humanistic vision committed to its current context, going beyond the traditional academic and research processes. In the Cuban revolutionary practice, authentic source where theory is enriched, speaking of an update of the economic model, but no debate on political economy, nor taken into account in the analyzes. However, it is argued that positive outcomes are expected from the ideology where the economy is the locomotive and guide that process. This paper is an approach to the problem and the exposure of a number of elements that must be taken into account when talking about teaching and research of political economy and social science and its place in the construction of a prosperous socialism and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventive work is a determining factor in the personality development of adolescents and young people and a way for the formation of the new man. This paper refers to different concepts related to prevention from a social approach. It reflects on the current situation and trends in Cuba and other countries, we evaluate the preventive role of the School and the Family and its influence on youth behavior. Besides the different levels of prevention as well as the ground for their work and the principles to betaken into account for the implementation of preventive actions are exposed. The theme promotes discussion of everyday life in the social context in which we operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper the antecedents of the current process of civic formation in the higher education centers in the colonial and neocolonial stage of our national history are revealed. In both prerevolutionary stages it is confirmed as a tendency the confrontation among conceptions and educational practices of civic formation methodologically opposed and due to their classist and political content, as expression of the contradictory development of the sociopolitical life of the country. These experiences constitute, without doubts, referential antecedents for the new citizen's formative process that emerges with the revolutionary changes starting from 1959. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the levels of concentration of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in waters and sediments from the ecosystem San Juan in the Santiago of Cuba province were evaluated. Two sampling of the ecosystem in two stations belonging to the high and middle part of the river, in rainy and little rainy periods were carried out. The conservation and treatment of the samples were developed according to established standards and the determinations of the elements were realized using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The concentrations intervals of the studied elements were established so much in the superficial waters like in the sediments and it was demonstrated that exists statistical significant differences for the factors station, period and type of sample, being the middle part of the river, the little rainy period and the sediments, where the grater concentrations of the pollutants appear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing production of digital educational materials has encouraged the emergence in recent years of repositories that concentrate valuable resources for teachers, students and educational institutions in general, well as the importance of using these repositories in teaching and learning. At present projects Learning Object Repositories (ROA) has been increasing, which is why this paper addresses the issue of ROA and its use in the University of the East, for its development is a review of the concepts basic Learning Objects, since no one could speak of the ROA without mentioning these object types and then state why the use of this at the University of the East and the strategy for its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a model of external evaluation of investments in tourism with a focus on process and sustainability, since today it is a requirement for the development of tourist destinations to improve the decision making process that will lead to the approval of investments. The relevant aspect of this proposal is the integration of three processes that in theory and practice they usually appeared in separated form: the external evaluation ex-before, while (investment) and ex-post, as well as the system of tools and techniques used for the evaluation. The model was designed based on the study of different models presented in the literature studied, the consultation to experts in the field, as well as the experience gained by the authors in the research process in Cuba and Cape Verde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main environmental problems of the Universidad de Oriente are associated with the emission of uncontrolled and untreated solid and liquid waste to the environment. In the university community "Antonio Maceo" 1 360 people now living, of which 70 % are students of the institution. This community poured about 23 462,7 L/d of wastewater residual liquids composed of 15 buildings and the waters of the kitchen and cafeteria. In this paper we evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological wastewater university community Antonio Maceo, determining environmental parameters of highest incidence. The waters are neutral and proper salinity. They have gray color, odor and cloudy appearance, without the presence of floating material. The organic matter content is above discharge limits and detected total and fecal coli forms. The greatest variability (46,5 %) of wastewater depends on the turbidity, COD, BOD 5, sulfide, ammonium, oil and grease and total solids and fixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, by means of the use of technologies of information and communication, an analysis about the application of virtual laboratory practices in different centers of Higher Education of our country, has been carried out which indicates that they constitute a powerful tool for the process of the students' teaching-learning in different subjects, and they allow the student to appropriate of the necessary knowledge to face the reality of the processes and phenomena that are objects of study. An example of the simulation of one of the practices of Biochemistry laboratory, referred to the separation of proteins using the method of isoelectric precipitation, is presented. The software is linked to a web page where the theoretical aspects that should be kept in mind are related in the student's preparation for the practice. It presents a sequence of realization of the assays and finally the results are observed, starting from which the student will make the conclusions of the practice, keeping these data in a folder enabled in the computer for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes results of the research works on the direct (O/W) emulsion preparations of the Cuban crude petroleum, using pyrolysis products as emulsifier agent. Rheological characterization of the emulsions, immediately after their preparation and inside of some storage time is informed, so as some considerations about piping transport of these emulsions are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, a study about the use of possibilities of a new type emulsifyng agent obtained from pyrolyisis products of lignocellulosic materials, with Cuban crude petroleum for the preparation of emulsioned paints is presented. The viscosity reduction, the improvement in the handling and the use of obtained emulsions as substitute of asphaltic paints are informed. It is proved that may be obtained direct emulsions with Cuban crude petroleum concentrations of 50-60 % wt., using 3 % wt. concentration of emulgent P (here it is called emulsifyng agent) respect to water. The emulsion characteristics are mantain similar to others prepared with tensioactive agents commonly used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of Water Magnetically Treated (WMT), and its effect in a sample of the boilers of the Sector of Public Heatlh of Santiago de Cuba province. Some important recommendations are given for the right selection and installation of the magnetizer equipment, so as to guarantee the correct functioning, and an analysis of the benefits obtained in three years of work in ten low pressure boilers of Public Health, in the province of Santiago de Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chemistry in Cuba started at the beginning of the last century, involving fields like medicine and sugar cane industry. The chemical activities were associated with the names of Félix Varela, José A. Saco, José de la Luz y Caballero, José Casaseca and Álvaro Reynoso. In this paper an historical view of the Chemistry in Cuba since 1814 when the first cuban chemist Estevez y Cantal, analyzed the Ugalde¨s pill until nowadays is exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two models for the determination of the residence time of the clarifiers with central feed are presented in this paper, but in this case the extractions of juice are taken into account. Two illustrative examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An explosive increase of the antropogenic river contamination is the result of population and industries griwth and also had important contribution the indiscrimanate use of synthetic products. This situation is for Cuba, a narrow and long island with limited hydraulic resources, a very alarming problem. In this paper Los Guaos River water quality, whose end is the Santiago de Cuba's bay, was studied. Monthly, in the February-April period, using six sampling stations, 22 physical, chemistry and bacteriologic parameters were determined. This information brought that this river in its complete length is highly contaminated and then its water is invalidated for supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is presented a number of advantages brought about by the predictive maintenance system in the sugar mill "Carlos Caraballo" in Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, Cuba. It is also explained the influence exerted by the system on the reduction of the percentages of time wasted because of industrial breakdowns, maintenance and cleaning, as well as the reduction of consumed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se describe la evaluación tecnológica de la planta cubana de papel Papelera Pulpa Cuba a fin de estimar la factibilidad de un sistema para el procesamiento de sus aguas residuales. Se caracterizaron los procesos mediante diagramas fuente-sumidero y se simuló la recuperación de agua y fibra con el sistema propuesto de recuperación de aguas residuales. Los resultados indican buenos beneficios en materia de ahorro de agua fresca y energía.