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Objective: Abstract: "Kosher" is a word used to illustrate the food laws of Jewish people. It's a traditional Jewish law for food. For Jews, it's more than food consumption with safety. It's regarding religious beliefs and traditions. Jews follow proper guidelines of Kosher and give the compulsion to food to be reckoned Kosher. The English word "Kosher" is derived from the Hebrew root "Kasher", which means to be pure, proper, or suitable for consumption. Kashrut is a charter that renders the foundation for kosher dietetic rule and is established inside 'Torah' which is a Jewish sacred book. Kosher dietetic rules are including all and produce a strict structure of rules and regulations which gives a sketch of foods allowed or prohibited. It also determines how foods allowed should be made, refined, and fixed before eating. The paper illustrates kosher law and food among American-Jewish people and their determination towards their religious beliefs in American land, which is not their motherland, with analysis from Philip Roth's novel Indignation. This paper also ascertains Jewish culture into the outlook of American culture which ends with a cultural clash referring to historical consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into an analysis of illegality in migration, from a migrant perspective. To do this, established and assimilated historical practices in selected groups of Mexican migrants were analyzed according to immigration status and settlement area. The argument presented here is that illegality has a functional character for the reproduction of the migrant trajectory. This is demonstrated using a comparative analysis of the way migrants' decisions allow them to integrate their trajectories into two contexts which show unequal development. Such integration determines its functionality independently of the existence of restrictive migration policies in nation-state contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the contradiction at the heart of Italian and Spanish immigration policies between the calls for integration on the one hand, and the marginalization associated with temporary and contingent immigration status on the other. I argue that this tension is structural and reflects an underlying contradiction in the political economy of these post-Fordist societies. In the second half of this paper, I examine this same tension in U.S. immigration policy, and explore the ways the current proposals for reform would bring U.S. immigration policy closer to that of Spain and Italy. I note that while the tension between immigrant marginalization and integration has always characterized U.S. policy, the contradiction has intensified as immigrants are an increasingly visible component of the U.S. workforce, complicating attempts at meaningful reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some statistical data on the Hispanic population in the United States and its growth, caused by a sustained immigrant influx. The paper develops the following points: 1) the importance and relevance of the Hispanic population in the United States; 2) the role of Mexican and Central American migration as the main sources of manual labor for the American economy; 3) the importance of migrants in the regional and national development in the countries of origin; 4) the situation and perspectives of the second generation; 5) the long-term integration of the Latin American immigrant population in the United States. The supporting arguments of recent essays criticizing the presence of the Hispanic population in the United States are examined as being a threat to English dominance and a factor for cultural disintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes process of Mexican inmigrants associations in different cities of California. The study is based on data collected from twelve first level associations or “clubes de oriundos". Using qualitative techniques, we document the complexity of the internal organization of these associations, as well as the variety of individual and social efforts to keep them working The research highlights the importance of the role played by the localities of destination in our understanding of the organization process of Mexican immigrants, as well as the possibilities of their collective actions. In this way, we discuss and complement the studies focused on Hometown Associations from the Mexican ;localities of origin. Our findings show that the “clubes de oriundos" are complex associations that impose a high organizational cost on its members, as well as spheres of sociability that members use to satisfy a set of social needs related to their position as immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the heuristic utility of Weber's notion of meaning to explain the perception of immigrants in the United States, particularly undocumented immigrants. The methodological rule implying that the understanding of the meaning of such perceptions can only be achieved through the notion of structure and the theory of socialization, as presented by Jorge Bustamante, is contested. We argue that with the notion of meaning comes into play the conception of an individual motivated by subjective reasons when perceiving immigrants as X or Y, and that those reasons, far from being justifications, have a real, objective basis. We advance a comprehensive framework of law SB 1070 to attempt to elucidate some of the reasons that motivate involved actors' approval or disapproval of this law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper debates the traditional notions of political transnationalism used in the United States by showing the formation and the activist process followed by the #YoSoy132 movement in New York City. The conclusion drawn is that immigrants organizations in the US have diversified their acting repertories, political perspective and their demands. Therefore, it is necessary to broaden the concept of political transnationalism to a social-political perspective. The latter will allow having a wider theoretical notion to analyze a larger number of immigrants organizations in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the feelings and emotions that some migrants living community Purépero Michoacán when they go to the United States. From an ethnographic perspective and social construction of reality, we approach approach the origin and importance of the subject. Although failure to inquire, we now know that each of migrants experience similar feelings and emotions. This may seem obvious, but not, as each migrant construct their own reality according to the role it plays in the family (father and husband), before leaving and once established. So each forging their feelings and emotions in the experience. In this process the migrant uses his own theory say Berger and Luckman (2001) is driven by common sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to study the fears that involve the migratory process of Mexicans to the United States, through the analysis of two religious practices: 1) the orisons related to migration, which are difussed by different means; 2) the ex-votos that have been deposited for the last decades in two sanctuaries located at the municipality of Totatiche, Jalisco. This paper brings us near to the study of popular religious practices and the history of the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since migration and the resulting acculturation process are such complex, multifaceted phenomena, the aim of this article is to analyze the economic, social, political, and cultural factors involved. To achieve this, the author examines theoretically different empirical studies and papers related to the migratory experience. The article also describes the main reasons why Hispanic immigrants leave their countries of origin, as well as the main factors linked to the acculturation process and the acculturative stress immigrants experience during their stay in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1990’s the United States adopted a border enforcement strategy to discourage illegal immigrants from attempting to enter the country. However, tougher enforcement did not prevent migrant crossings. This paper, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in depth interviews with eighty migrant smugglers, examines the causes of corruption of U.S. immigration officials and concludes that corruption is a key element in migrant smuggling because it makes it easier to get the migrants across the borders. The complicity of border and immigration officials with smugglers and employers explains why today’s probability of apprehension is lower than half a century ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locke, California is the last rural Chinatown in America that was formed by the early Chinese immigrants in 1915. Locke's value as a historic site commemorating Chinese laborers' contribution to the nation-state has been widely recognized, but its preservation has raised many controversies within and outside the community. The paper shows how the hegemonic discourse of tradition and place could generate contested meanings of heritage and space that solidly grounded on the different ideology and identity discourses. It also provides insights to understand the dynamicity and complex politics of ethnic landscape and heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the discussion on academic success of immigrants' children from all over the world has become a key issue and one of the greatest challenges for all the countries (OECD, 2006; Nusche, 2009). This article offers an approach to a situation that has become more complex due to the increased number of immigrant children integrated into schools in the USA. This paper reviews various research studies carried out in USA, a country with a long tradition in integrating immigrant students. It analyzes the various theories which explain the success and failure of first and second generation immigrant children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core idea of this paper revolves around movement and change in the process of assimilation of immigrants in the United States and in the conceptual and singular context of trans-border links that emigrants establish with their country of origin, which to some extent grant a particular acceptance within both the paradigm of transnationalism and the category of the transnational migrant. Transnationalism is established as the new transformation of models for the incorporation of immigrants. In the case of Mexican emigrants, the transnational social space is formed via U.S. migratory policy, by the nature and volume of undocumented migration and by the limited actions of the Mexican government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing measures to control and regulate migration flows, irregular migration has grown in the last few years in Spain, Malaysia and the United States. This increase in irregular immigration has mainly been explained in relation to socio-economic factors. However, while these factors explain the presence of migration flows towards these countries, they do not succeed in explaining why an important part of these flows takes place on a non-regular basis. This can only be considered by taking into account the State and its immigration policies. Starting out from this statement, this research paper analyses to what extent, how and why the immigration policies of Spain, Malaysia and the United States produce «illegals«. This means not only analysing how and why immigration policies contribute to the increase in the number of irregular immigrants, but also how and why, by denying their rights and often their existence, they create the figure of the «illegal immigrant». As this research note demonstrates for the Malaysian case, irregular immigration is not despite immigration policies but because of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors explore the experience and embodiment of nervios, a folk taxon of illness, among Mexicans immigrants to Chicago (USA). They claim that nervios is an ancient biomedical taxon, reelaborated in folk contexts, and present today in many western (or westernised) societies. First, taking into account the native point of view, they analyse the physical-emotional and social manifestations of illness and the etiological theories. They propose three etiological categories to include nervios' causal explication: organic or natural, emotional, and socio-emotional. Secondly, they focus on various papers on nervios to summarize the etiological theories, distinguishing the social actors assumptions from interpretation made by the authors, what permits the authors to contrast Mexicans immigrants etiological theories with the bibliographical data on this subject. Thirdly, the authors claim that both nervios manifestation and etiological theories are similar in different socio-cultural groups, discussing the affirmation of Low (1985 and 1994), who argues that although the reported bodilily sensations are similar in a variety of cultures, folk explanations of etiology and cultural meaning varied considerably. Then, the authors explore the pathway of healing in a case of study, in order to analyse the meanings of therapeutic complementariness and the medicines overlapped. Finally, they reflect on the role played by the ancient biomedical theories and the folk western tradition to explain nervios similarity in a variety of contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]