Search

The aim of this paper is to point out the advances in political ecology studies on hydroelectric power plants. For this purpose, a systematic review methodology of scientific literature was used, resulting in important reflections on four topics: accumulation processes linked to the development of hydroelectric projects; socio-environmental conflicts originated in disputes over rural territories; resistance mechanisms of affected rural communities; and institutional governance to manage conflicts. It is concluded that it is necessary to address territorial inequities of structural origin, which are deepened by the implementation of hydroelectric projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with financialization, a concept that critically describes the rise and expansion of financial capital in the economy and its social and political implications. Seen from the perspective of financialization, the Colombian pension system of Law 100 of 1993 (Congress of the Republic of Colombia, 1993) illustrates the expansion of financial capital in emerging or peripheral economies, highlighting the inferior and subordinate status of these countries with respect to the more developed economies. In these countries, the adoption of private pension funds goes hand in hand with financial liberalization and the search to expand their capital markets. Moreover, pension systems have never been far removed from economic structures; they have been created and developed within them. In Colombia, as a country whose industry did not fully awaken, the necessary conditions for the most guaranteeing pension models could not be met. Although the current Colombian model is not purely controlled by private funds, the link between these funds and the financial players is so strong that there is still unresolved tension around the complete privatization of the system. In addition, the institutional formula through which it is evident that this is a financialized system is the so-called multi-fund pension scheme. Thus, under the magnifying glass of the financialization that has governed the current pension system and its most recent changes, we can also read the announcements and reform proposals put forward by the government, unions and think tanks at the end of neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This paper describes and analyses recommendations to protect and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Objective. To analyze recommendations to manage the COVID-19 pandemic of several restoring rights programs for children and adolescents in American protection systems. Methods. A literature review was done, using the form of rapid evidence syntheses, to provide information about social and health policies. Results. The results show that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a convergence of both the interest in promoting mental health in girls, boys, and adolescents and the interest to prevent COVID infection through the recommended biosecurity measures. Conclusions. Recommendations show the need for reviewing the internment treatment as a main caring program, considering the side effects of institutionalization on children and adolescents mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purposes of this paper are to explore the state of implementation of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programmes and their contribution to the construction of integrated social protection systems in Latin America on one hand, and to discuss the most important achievements and challenges in fighting against poverty in Colombia. With this target, the article begins with a brief review of the overall situation of the CCT Programmes in Latin America. This is followed by a comparative analysis of actions undertaken in some countries in the region in order to face the main threats related to the public policies to eradicate poverty. It enables to draw an analysis about the management of such challenges in Colombia. Finally, the last part of the paper suggests some hypotheses and proposals in order to address the problems identified above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the main citizen safety strategies implemented in the United States, France, Great Britain and Latin America pointing out the choice made by their governments for repressive measures, social intervention or behavioral control. Based on the contemporary filmography on the subject, this paper shows the strategies and results and their effects on the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author analyzes the conditions in which "another territoriality" manages to penetrate the symbol of the sectoriality which they are the educative public policies. After to define the limits of the educative public policy and the decentralization, in general, and the Colombian case, in individual, doing a file of the Colombian process of educative decentralization from 1982, analyzes the Program of charter schools in Bogota during the Administrations of Peñalosa In this paper, the author analyzes the conditions in which "another territoriality" manages to penetrate the symbol of the sectoriality which they are the educative public policies. After to define the limits of the educative public policy and the decentralization, in general, and the Colombian case, in individual, doing a file of the Colombian process of educative decentralization from 1982, analyzes the Program of charter schools in Bogota during the Administrations of Peñalosa and Mockus 2 that it little combines the subject treated about "pedagogy" with the subject, very controversial, of the management deprived of the educational ones and sample that yes is possible to construct one "another territoriality", different from the cradle in the school, and to practice therefore a new form of governance of its territory that it questions the "public education" and replaces the concept to him of "public service of education", rendered by" private" actors. Finally, a series of conclusions appears that insist on the fact that it is not clear if this local initiative is a conjuncture measurement or marks outline of a new territorial policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurers (hmos) argue that there is no incentive to invest in prevention activities because members can easily move to another insurance company. At the same time freedom to choose hmos is a key accountability mechanism of the Colombian Health System because citizens can leave low-quality insurers and enroll in high-quality insurers. This paper quantifies the size of the rate of transfers between hmos in the country to shed light on this debate. This study used publicly available information on affiliation histories to the health system for the last 14 years (2001-2014) for a random sample of adults between 40 and 50 in five different capital cities. The rate of enrollee transfers within a continuous enrollment period between HMO was estimated. Results showed that 56% of enrollees had four or more enrollment periods; within the same enrollment period at least 54% of enrollees did not transfer between HMO; in a year less than 6% decided to transfer; there was a weak correlation between transfers and HMO service quality indicators. Results showed that the transfer rate is low but that the drop-out rate is high. People do not transfer but leaves the systems frequently, which suggest that this behavior is explained by labor market fluctuations. The transfer between HMO is not frequent and this suggests that as accountability mechanism is not working and thus needs to be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the reference to law on public policy theory is scarce, legal interest in this topic has increased in Colombia in recent years. One reason for this connection is the repetitive reference to the concept of public policy in constitutional jurisprudence. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the narrative of the Colombian Constitutional Court about the notion of public policy since the promulgation of the 1991 Constitution until 2013. The approach to accomplish this task is the narrative analysis of public policy which is addressed primarily by Emery Roe (1994). The reconstruction of such narrative takes place in two stages: first, I explore different scenarios in which the Court refers to public policy in its narrative. Second, I analyze the formal aspect of the narrative, that is, the different ways how the Court understands the public policies and what is the legal form that these policies should take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the territory management process regarding a succinct property of the public policy, its territorialization. The methodological basis takes criteria and factors that deal exclusively with territorial development, and segregate two qualities to the territory: as a central focus of public policy and as a management unit. All in all, the interactions that make up social networks are analyzed and a proposal on the convergence structure for territorial management is presented. The results show the methodological feasibility in a case study, the District/Regional Councils of Sustainable Rural Development (CD / RDRS) in Central Mexico. It is concluded that the methodologies are coherent for reasoning the condition or situation of territorial development, and based on that propose solutions to the problems that arise from the management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflection paper bases the differences between affirmative action and intercultural policies. First, it presents an hermeneutical framework that reconstructs the multicultural approach of Kymlicka and Latin American interculturalism. Secondly, and based on that framework, it establishes the differences between affirmative action and intercultural policies. The central idea is that affirmative action is necessary, but not sufficient to achieve the ideal of interculturalism: dialogue, respect, coexistence and mutual learning between cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the current problem of interpretation of what should be understood as basic salary for the settlement of the pension bond type A mode 2, for members who move to individual savings scheme, showing how interpretations of the Constitutional Court and the Labor Appeal Chamber of the Supreme Court do not conform to the financial and economic content the law provides, and therefore, create problems of pension equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we intend to show that security and efficiency in the production of energy from nuclear power stations is an important discursive component which is mounted on a scientific truth built by experts on nuclear energy. In the article we will attempt to show the joints and linkages in the arena of social power of a discourse produced by experts that legitimates nuclear power generation. Based on analysis of newspaper articles, scientific papers and the corporate site of the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), we aim to expose the construction of this discourse in Argentina. Thus, we assume that the truth is the product of struggles and conflicts within specific power relations-definition (Beck, 2008) and conclude that a nuclear lobby has achieved an effective staging that excludes risks and that links the economic efficiency of this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the causes of forgetfulness that has been a constant in the Colombian Amazon and the implications that it has had on the border and foreign policy in the country. It also argues that taking part of a group of global, regional and national transformations, ACTO has been revitalized, which can be the first step to expand the State's institutions on the Amazon territory, the starting point to taking advantage of its strategic potential, and to create synergies with other countries that are part of the Organization to confront a set of threats that defying the rainforest. In addition, the agency can be a vector of South American integration that eventually, could be quite receptive to leadership of Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the analyses on court ruling T/025 of 2004 have been centred on the conditions necessary to overcome the unconstitutional state of things regarding the situation of displaced people. In this sense, attention has been focused on the ruling's direct and indirect effects on institutions, and on improving their capacity to fulfil the rights of displaced people. Nevertheless, this type of studies has overlooked the day-to-day implementation of the measures set by the Government in order to comply with the judicial orders included in the ruling. For this reason, the present paper presents the results of a field research carried out in the neighbourhoods of Bosa and Soacha (in Cundinamarca, Colombia) where displaced and host populations coexist. These reveal a series of disregarded effects in the daily lives of these people resulting from the execution of forced displacement public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the theory and history of cultural policy, a discourse from the Enlightenment threatened by the new rights discourse on creative industries. This discourse is the most interesting and productive answer to the humanities' relevance crisis and the emergence of a knowledge society. It then offers a brief case study on related environmental issues, with the scope of underlining the risks that arise when industrial priorities rule over cultural ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how processes of social mobilization and property parceling framed in the Agrarian Reform National Plan --involving an ample sector of tenant farm laborers in an Andean Nariño large estate between 1958 and 1963-- appear, nearly five decades later, as objects of moral interpretation and appraisal. It analyzes the significance assigned in accounts to the agency of actors involved (peasants, landlords and state); variations in such assigning are connected to the moral frameworks they call on to interpret their past; and their origin is traced back on the various subalternization experiences they faced. I suggest that, when turning out to different sources of moral appraisal, the existence of manifold subjectivation forms makes itself evident depending on their relations to different forms of authority (landlords, church, state), and that they come with various alternative standings face to their past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Commission to Inquiry for the Causes and Situations Present on inland Violence, better known as La Investigadora, was founded in 1958 at the dawn of the socalled National Front. This research paper explains, based on some documentary sources and newspaper accounts, how in a context of transition negotiated by elites, this initiative condensed a set of official practices and narrative plots structuring the way the Violence would be politically and socially processed and represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to determine the profile of total demand and potential supply in health services, available for high cost illness or catastrophic illness in the Fund for Protection against Catastrophic Expenses (FPCGC by its Spanish initials) of the System of Social Protection in Health (SPSS). In the Fund's financial design's basis, health reality was considered static by deducting the effects of epidemic changes and not précising people's health needs, or "hidden demand". Thus, when this demand is revealed it becomes an effective demand for health institution and the plans used in the Fund's financial calculations change. All in all, a methodological definition from the General Health Council is needed in order to organize and make CIs temporal for the Fund's coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ups and downs of the bilateral integration process and the economic and diplomatic crisis of the regional integration have crossed trough the Colombo-Venezuelan border in the last decade. In front of this process, this paper places the question about over the relationship between the coverage of the national press headed by El Tiempo, and the border policies advanced by the Colombian chancellery during the last ten years. In this sense, the work done establishes that El tiempo's media logic has mainly focused on official, mainly presidential speeches, and on security issues and external threats at the border. The implemented policies by the chancellery are centered exclusively on the activities and the development of integration mechanisms and on regional development. The job shows the independence of the national press from political institutions, when it ignores most of the work and advancement that has been made on the bilateral policies of integration and gional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the theoretical and methodological approach that was elaborated for the analysis of the formulation of sexual and reproductive public policies for the youth in Colombia. This is the result of a doctoral thesis and its objective is to understand the configuration of the political aspects of the public policies that are thought for a specific population: young people. This analysis intends to go deeper than a traditional evaluation about the impact of a policy. This approach assumes it not only as a technical issue, but as a result for correlating forces in which processes, conflicts and confrontations between different actors are involved. The research uses the political contention as an analysis tool. The study starts with a critical revision of previous studies with similar goals, but performed in other locations, and then, it presents the contributions of the current investigation in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study and assessment of the social policies adopted in Colombia during the period 2000-2007 must stem from two main considerations: 1) Although the social consequences of neoliberal reforms-suffered by the Andean Region at the end of the past decade-present its particularities in the Colombian case, the main traits of the social crisis are similar in all the Andean countries. 2) The recent history of Colombia has been signed by the persistence and aggravation of the armed conflict. In addition, the country became the center of the counternarcotics strategy and of the struggle against terrorism in the Andean Region. This situation and the international and regional policies implemented to confront it, have significantly affected social conditions and public policies in the country. Taking into account such considerations, this paper is broken up into four parts. The first is an assessment of the social situation of the country during the present century. The second is devoted to the analysis of two key policies with strong impact on social issues: the fiscal adjustment policy and the military expenditure. In the third part, the analysis of the program of Acción Social is undertaken and in the fourth the social strategies derived from Plan Colombia are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]