Search

The psychosocial intervention program described in the present paper is implemented in five modules. The general objective is to provide an initial protocol in the procedure of psychosocial interventions to prevent alcoholism in adolescents through the empowerment of new social representations of its consumption. This proposal resides in a multi-methodological strategy, starting from the Historical-cultural approach, specifically from the social situation of development as a category. The epistemological platform is expected to facilitate a valuable methodology to prevent alcoholism in adolescents. Systematizing said prevention process will aim at setting the course for a theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial mycosis, with a cosmopolitan distribution, more prevalent in tropical climates, caused by Malassezia spp, a lipophilic fungus, which colonizes seborrheic body areas. Adolescents and young adults are mostly affected, being infrequent in children and exceptional in infants. It is characterized by hypochromic, hyperchromic, or erythematous macules, typically located on the upper trunk, shoulders, and neck, but in infants, the face is most affected. Other rare variants have been described. Diagnosis is clinical or microbiological and, despite successful treatment, recurrence is the rule, so it is necessary to avoid precipitating factors and to give prophylactic therapy. CLINICAL CASES: This paper describes the cases of four minor infants: three with lesions on the forehead (two hypochromic, one erythematous), the other with hypochromic lesions on the back, papuloid variety; and 2 adolescents, one immunocompetent with generalized hypochromic lesions (atypical distribution), vitiligoid variant, and the other with acute lymphocytic leukemia, with hyperchromic lesions in typical distribution. The clinical diagnosis was supported by Wood's light and direct examination. Topical treatment was indicated, combining systemic therapy in one case and antifungal prophylaxis in all. CONCLUSIONS: Generalized involvement was found in an immunocompetent patient, which usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients. The chromatic variants and some of the morphological and topographic variants described in this disease could be seen in the cases presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpretation and application of the guiding or governing principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is of the utmost importance in the intervention of the child in judicial processes, since the nonconsideration of these principles could mean the violation of rights recognized in the Convention, which in turn will bring harmful consequences for the life and development of the child. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to identify the guiding principles or guidelines of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in order to later determine how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has interpreted and applied these principles in specific cases, and thus specify which one, are the international standards on the intervention of the child in judicial proceedings, in accordance with the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a serious public health problem. The main goal of this paper is to carry out a narrative review of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Basically, the aim is twofold: to provide updated information and to introduce mental health professionals and society to this topic for their training and knowledge. To this end, first, a conceptual delimitation of suicidal behavior is produced. Second, epidemiological issues are addressed. Third, psychological models of suicidal behavior are presented, along with the possible explanations underlying this phenomenon. Fourth, the risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior are mentioned. Next, assessment tools for this sector of the population are introduced. Subsequently, prevention strategies are discussed, focusing on the importance of educational environments. Empirically supported psychological treatments for dealing with suicidal behavior are also proposed. Finally, future lines of research are discussed, and a brief summary is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study, this paper focuses on the possibilities for a male adolescent to reflect, question and make ruptures on his own exercises of violence and on the interpellations he has experienced with women and feminism. Despite the negative consequences it entails, the repetition of rigid male gender roles and male mandates associated with violence, is often maintained as part of a male identity marked by dominance. However, gender socialization, as a process in continuous construction, opens the possibility for male adolescents to question the rigid learning acquired in childhood. It is concluded that adolescents who exercise violence can question themselves and break with previously acquired mandates associated with violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the protocol developed in Chile to evaluate interventions for adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence and follows CONSORT guidelines (Shulz et al., 2010). The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of two group intervention models (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy) in stabilising the psychosocial functioning of adolescent participants. Methods/Design. It is a randomised controlled trial with three groups: two intervention groups (TF-CBT and IPT) and an active control group (art therapy). The participants will be eighty-four adolescents between 13 to 17 years old on the waiting list for treatment in specialist trauma services. Participants will be assigned to one of three groups and participate in 12 group therapy sessions. Participants' progress in post-traumatic stress and depression symptomatology, self-regulation and interpersonal problems will be assessed. Measures will be administered before the start of the intervention, in sessions six, seven, twelve and two months after the end of the intervention. Adherence to the intervention and its acceptability by the participants will also be evaluated. Discussion. This study seeks to contribute to developing scalable, evidence-based interventions in the Chilean context to improve access to specialist intervention. Trial Registration. 19/05/2021, code ISRCTN10290141. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore some theoretical and methodological tools for addressing adolescent and youth subjectivities in contexts of rights violations. The theoretical perspective is nourished by the interdisciplinary dialog between psychoanalysis and contributions from philosophy and the social field. The life story of a young woman from a low-income sector, whose biographical experience was marked by precariousness and violence, was analyzed in a detailed and holistic manner. Such analysis explored the twists and turns of existence, transformations in their identity development, the effects of trauma, and the possibilities of building a future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The World Health Organization indicates that gender-based values, attitudes and stereotypes that affect the health and well-being of girls and women around the world need to be eliminated. From personality psychology, scientific studies have shown that traits such as the dark personality triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and moral disengagement increase susceptibility to gender bias, threat, and interpersonal aggression. As a contribution to the design of a personological profile prone to accept and justify sexist attitudes, the main aim of this paper was to study the mediating role of moral disengagement between the dark personality triad and ambivalent sexism in a sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 803 adolescents (M = 15.33, SD = 0.99; 50.3% boys) using convenience sampling to assess ambivalent sexism, dark personality triad and moral disengagement. An analysis of variance and comparison of various mediational models was carried out using the bootstrapping technique. Results: The dark personality triad traits are directly and significantly related to adolescents' hostile and benevolent sexism, and that moral disengagement has a relevant mediating effect on this relationship. Conclusions: Finally, the implications of these findings for the transformation of these gendered beliefs and attitudes that perpetuate discrimination against girls and women are discussed in relation with prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between adolescents and YouTubers, with the aim of understanding the meaning and extent of the impact of following a given YouTuber. The limited scientific research on this subject has noted the importance of aspects such as the type of content in video broadcasts, the state of mind that these figures impress upon adolescents, and the level of proximity and idealization displayed by younger followers. To conduct this study, we developed and validated an ad hoc questionnaire. The results support the dimensions proposed and perpetuate certain gender roles. We conclude it is necessary to develop critical media education, raising awareness among families and teachers of the importance of this issue and the need to foster a critical approach in young people to "following" these new idols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]