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Images portraying the teacher and its classroom have played an essential role in the development of educational systems. This paper constitutes a research on the iconographic origin of the representations that were mainly used in Spain between 1876 and 1931. In order to do that european cards from the 16th to the 19th centuries, made using a variety of engraving techniques, that show teachers and pupils, are analyzed. The continuity of some of these characterizations and their Spanish update, identifying the teacher with the traditional Latin dómine, it's revealing. Its presence, both in the satirical press aimed at adults and in illustrated books for children, reflects it. This image directed towards criticism and entertainment has its compensation, also starring teachers and schoolchildren, representing rewards and penalties in children's reading books in that same period of time. Contextual factors allow us to position this variety of pictures -- the development of schooling and its protagonists, the editors' intentions in the media in which they appear -- but they can not compose a sufficient interpretation without paying attention to the role of the illustrator. The artistic education that he posseses and the resources he manages in his profesión or the influence from other artists are conclusive aspects in order to decide the final meaning, the whole visuality of his images establishing the potencial of their meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the different approaches to the incorporation of the new theory of Darwinism in secondary school textbooks of natural sciences during the first period of the Restoration of the Spanish Monarchy, considering these textbooks not only as the complex product they are, but also as objects of research and ideological instruments. Moreover, this paper studies the influence of the Spanish Liberal Party and other cultural and teaching organizations including the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, on the acceptance of Darwinism and its diffusion in schools. It also examines the contribution of Darwinism to the process of modernizing Spanish culture and education, and the resistance to it from both the Marquis of orovio's restrictive policy on academic freedom and the traditional view of the cosmos and humanity presented in the textbooks of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the beneficial impact that computer-generated crossword puzzles can have on engineering students. The paper delves into the pedagogical advantages that crossword puzzles offer as an educational tool, detailing its features and objectives as well as the benefits it brings to students and to the whole group. This paper shows the application of crosswords to the teaching of electromagnetism, and specifically presents the case of Ampere law. This educational tool is intended to make the learning and teaching of electromagnetism more entertaining, as this course is normally complex to teach at the university. This paper presents a literature review of the advantages that some authors have observed with the use of the crossword puzzle in the classroom, and devotes a section to the management of software used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probit/logit techniques are applied to the data from Barometer No. 2,829 published by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas to examine three problems related with public sector decentralisation. The paper concludes, first, that citizens' perception of efficiency gains from decentralisation have a positive effect on their support for decentralised government. Second, that citizens are more likely to perceive the efficiency gains from decentralisation if they correctly ascribe responsibility for education and health services to regions. And third, that citizens who most accurately identify regional responsibility for the provision of those services tend to be better educated, older, engaged in paid work or public employment, concerned about regional politics and resident in one region with higher initial level of devolved powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study regarding the features and the usage perception of the Digital Library "Evaluation of Effectiveness in Health Promotion", developed as a documentary resource for the Latin-American virtual course on the same topic. The library was composed of one collection. The methodology used is grounded on the principals of usability tests of digital libraries' websites where users (students) develop processes and give feedback regarding the environment. Usage was measured taking into account these four factors: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Satisfaction and Usefulness. Results showed high perception of efficiency and effectiveness when carrying out browsing and searching activities. The only aspect showing difficulties has to do with the usage of the functions "Help" and "Preferences" in this course's web environment. Students reported a high degree of satisfaction with the use of the library, being the contents, the order and the searching ease, the aspects perceived with the highest value. Since digital libraries are relatively new resources, the need of presenting this resource at the beginning of the course to reach a higher rate of use and exploitation was evident. This experience suggests that the distribution of ex professo collections through digital libraries can be an effective way to provide learning resources to students and other users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses determinants of the aspirations and expectations among immigrant offspring on the basis of a representative sample of second generation adolescents interviewed at schools in the metropolitan area of Madrid. Seven hypotheses are formulated in relation to status attainment in general and aspirations and expectations in particular. We present breakdowns of educational and occupational aspirations and expectations by gender, parental education and school. The analysis is completed with structural equation models which offer an integrated theoretical perspective on the causal structure of ambition in the Spanish context. We examine the consequences of our conclusions for theory and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which is a new subject of study, shows the paradoxes that ESO students find themselves in some Spanish provinces (in the case of Andalusia). It is a comprehensive reading exercise which will demonstrate that history is written, and rewritten, with specific objectives; objectives marked by nationalist and even regionalist tones. It is not our intention, in any way, to undermine the authority of the ideas presented in the actual text books, whose general content is accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the uses of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the universities of Castilla and León. We believe that the integration of ICT in the universities is essential for the development of a university system in line with the requirements of the knowledge society. This piece of work must be placed within a research that has analyzed the use of ICT in higher education in the universities of Castilla and León. In our view, the uses of ICT in higher education are one of the main key indicators for its level of integration. With this research, whose goals relate to ascertaining the level of integration of ICT in the universities of Castilla and León, we seek to identify the factors that influence the use-avoidance of ICT by professors, and to describe the uses that they make of ICT in the development of their profession (teaching and research). For this reason, we have conducted an ex-post-facto research with a descriptive and improvement-seeking motivation. Even though the results of this research highlight the widespread use of ICT within universities, they also point out that this use is superficial and indicate a lack of actual integration of ICT in the universities of Castilla and León. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the ever present issue of cooperation between family and school. Such cooperation is necessary if the school is to educate (i.e. facilitate the learning of moral values). Furthermore, experience is a required ingredient in the task of educating. The family is, therefore, a vital element of education since it occupies a key position in the experience of moral values. The authors advocate a change in the organizational structure of schools that will enable the family to participate actively in the running of the school and to be jointly responsible for the centre's educational project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has generated a broad interest in the scientific community in Spain. Prestigious social scientists from different lines of research contribute to this Special Issue on EI, assessing important theoretical and empirical topics on this construct. As an introduction to this Special Issue, this paper reviews current models and approaches to EI, together with theoretical, sociological, and practical aspects of the concept. The first section of the Special Issue comprises manuscripts reviewing an important topic on EI, the measurement of the concept. The second section of this issue assesses the predictive validity of EI on different aspects of health. Finally, the third and fourth sections concentrate on the influence of EI on two applied fields, namely, education and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the outcomes from a study about Spanish schools, paying special attention on the rural ones. The analysis made involves the school institution inside the environment in which it is located, both local and global, and emphasizing the relathionships between parents and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the processes of transition experienced by young men and women as a privileged field for identifying elements of permanence and change in relation to schooling processes, professional insertion models and the emergence of new varieties of family emancipation. Taking a biographical approach to transition as the point of departure, some results of previous studies made by the GRET are presented and compared with the results of the Catalonia 2002 Survey on Young People. This allows us a glimpse at dominant and emerging professional insertion models in relation to models that are recessive at the present time. One of the major changes detected in relation to insertion models refers to the increase in qualification levels among young women and the fact that they are working in more qualified jobs, in comparison with their male counterparts. However, these changes survive with the old forms of employment inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the psychosocial variables that make up the profile of the university entrepreneur in Spain from the perspective of the entrepreneurial intention. A career development model is used to classify these psychosocial variables in three settings: family, workplace and personal issues. The sample consisted of 601 university students from the autonomous region of Castilla y Le6n. The results show that the students develop high intentions to work as employees for private companies or for the Administration but their intentions to become entrepreneurs are low. Specifically, we found that gender, family, labor experience, entrepreneurial training, social support, barriers perception and individualistic and coUectivistic values are likely to predict the entrepreneurial intention of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of the Spanish LIS profession and specialities in 2002 is reviewed. Statistical data is provided about both the number and type of Spanish libraries and archives as well as of practising professionals, according to geographic distribution, training and job description. Spanish library and information authorities are identified as well as professional associations and learned societies and conferences held. University education is also examined with descriptions of existing institutions, degree levels and data on student enrolment and teachers. The primary media for professional communication are described, in particular publishers, bulletins, scientific journals and electronic fora. Publishing output is quantified: books, journal articles, and conference papers both at national and international levels. Finally, research in the field is analysed through the total of Ph. D. dissertations presented, research articles published and research projects funded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]