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Background and aims: The excellent physical and chemical properties of Abacá and Japan papers make them one of the most used materials in restoration of cultural assets on paper. The objective of this work is to characterize the fibers that compose them and identify plant genera or species that were used in their manufacture. M&M: Fibers from samples of each paper and previously collected reference plant material were disintegrated. The diagnostic characters of the fibers were observed with a photomicroscope and photomicrographs were taken. Subsequently, the homologous characters were compared by relating the Abacá paper fiber samples with those of Musa sp. and the Japan paper samples with Broussonetia sp. and Euonymus sp. Results: There were coincidences between the diagnostic characters of the paper fibers of Abacá and Musa sp. Regarding the Japan paper samples, there were results consistent with Broussonetia sp. but not with Euonymus sp. Conclusions: According to the results observed between the Abacá paper fibers and the samples of the collected living material, we infer that the Abacá paper contains fibers of Musa sp. In the Japan paper samples, the similarities observed between the diagnostic characters of the fibers with respect to the reference plant samples indicate the presence of Broussonetia sp. fibers. There is no evidence of fibers of Euonymus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the different agents in the process of translation of monographs. Specifically, this study focuses in publishers, translators and protranslators. The literary circulation from Japan to Spain is analyzed through paratexts and quantitative data obtained from a wide corpus that includes publications from 1904 to 2014. The results show a correlation between direct translation and the specialization of translators and publishers, and also the role of protranslators in literary circulation between cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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After more than 20 years of the first massive migrations of Peruvians to Japan, Peruvian women face challenges in raising the second generation of migrants in this country. In this context, this research tries to answer how these women re-define their motherhood. The migratory routes of women, their relationship between households, work and school are key in this re-conceptualization. Thus, this article shows that their migratory motivations, their gender roles as mothers and wives, and the different upbringings of their children are the main factors that question their concepts of motherhood as guiding mothers. This paper is based on a qualitative research, elaborated under an ethnographic methodology, carrying out fieldwork with Peruvian mothers living in Aichi prefecture, Japan between 2016 and 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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After the Second World War, Japan began paying war reparations and instituted a strategy of international positioning - based on international cooperation activities - that aimed to ensure the supply of natural resources to its production and trade. Economic security became the target of Japanese cooperation. Japan soon became a major donor, whose strategy has been permeated by its interests. Taking a critical perspective, this paper analyses the evolution of the Japanese cooperation strategy, in particular the changes promoted by the prime minister, Shinzo Abe. Its starting point is a review of the stages of Japanese cooperation (emphasising the outside interference the country has had to respond to), the underpinning of which has shifted from the principle of economic security via the principle of human security to its present greater focus on strategic security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how Peru was benefited from Japan's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) between 1996 and 2005. For this purpose, we are including an econometric model which proves the effects of Japan's GDP, the variation in the wholesale price index in Peru, the GSP ratio and the trade indicator on non-traditional exports between both countries. This research is mainly focused on analyzing the behavior of agro-industrial and fishery products benefited from the GSP, through statistic charts displaying the trends in non-traditional trade. A survey was conducted among to the sixty largest exporters to Japan to determine the awareness and spreading of this tariff benefit system among Peruvian exporters of non-traditional products. To enhance this paper, we provide a matrix of potentials with a classification of Peruvian products exported to Japan in order to identify those that Peru might export according to demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the improvements and challenges that Japan has been facing between 1983 and 2007. The paper explores the interaction among the different stakeholders --i.e. the Japanese Government, international organizations and civil society- to advance full access to citizenship regarding gender equality, the elimination of social and physical barriers for the inclusion of people with disabilities and elderly persons; ethnic minorities --specifically the situation of the Ainu people and the Buraku community--and the persons considered as "foreigners" living in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The city of Kyoto was founded in 794 when Emperor Kanmu decided to build a new capital of Japan and to leave the city of Nara. This paper traces the history of the foundation of Kyoto in relation to the normative principles of the Chinese city. For centuries, this urban model, with orthogonal axes, had constituted a major cultural reference for the construction of new cities in Japan. Today, the city of Kyoto preserves the old urban orthogonal structure and this contribution aims to propose a reflection on the influence of Chinese culture in Japan since 550 AD (Kofun period) and to consider the development of this culture over time and its current presence in urban form; especially religious architecture. The ideal model of the Chinese city, after 1200 years since the foundation of Kyoto, is preserved and constitutes a fundamental reference for the development of the contemporary city in strict relationship with the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper summarizes and comments on the main oral and written contributions submitted to "Question 95. Ageing and upgrading", which took place during the XXIV International Congress on Large Dams, held in Kyoto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and summarizes the contributions submitted to "Question 92. Environmental friendly techniques for dams and reservoirs", which took place during the XXIV International Congress on Large Dams, held last June in Kyoto, Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Th e cultural and ethnic homogeneity of Japan is fast becoming a fragmented entity. Th is phenomenon goes beyond the geographical borders of the archipelago, among Japanese migrants and their descendants (known as Nikkei) who build new correlative identities and call for an open and plural Japanese identity that recognizes these diff erences. Th is paper, based on the ethnographic study of the Japanese community in Mexico, will analyze these new (correlative) identities and present some features of their organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]