Search

Chile es un caso emblemático en la apertura de la educación superior al libre mercado y en la reformulación de las lógicas que regulan la producción científica en las universidades. Esto se traduce en un sistema de gestión del personal académico orientado por bonos de productividad asociados a las publicaciones de alto impacto, distribución de fondos de investigación condicionados a la productividad de investigadores y jerarquización de las tareas académicas. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio que buscó explorar y comprender cómo académicas y académicos de ciencias sociales, altamente productivas y productivos, describen la escritura científica desde la práctica laboral cotidiana enmarcada en nuevas regulaciones de la producción científica. A partir del análisis de 20 entrevistas, proponemos que hay facetas fundamentales para definir la escritura científica: la afectividad, la fragilidad y la estrategia. Éstas dan cuenta de aspectos cotidianos, así como de tensiones y conflictos presentes en el proceso de escritura científica

This paper focuses on the Autonomous Region of Andalusia (Spain), and analyses messages posted in 2020 on the Instagram profiles of the by-then five main political parties of the region: Partido Popular, Partido Socialista Obrero Español, Ciudadanos, Vox, and Adelante Andalucía. Through a content analysis of the 1,805 posts published during the pandemic year of 2020, we study the degree of interactive communication of these parties (by using indicators that are both primary and secondary) as well as the main topics and purposes of the political posts in each profile. The results point to a lack of genuine interaction, a primary focus on the economy and health as main topics, and the positioning of individual politicians or parties as predominant purposes of the posts. These results are discussed on the grounds of the literature on Instagram political communication, and the theory of social media interactivity.

En este artículo se aborda el problema del lugar de la filosofía en la educación universitaria actual a través del análisis de una cuestión concreta: la estandarización de la escritura académica y sus efectos sobre la práctica de la filosofía y su enseñanza. A partir del análisis formal del “paper” académico como patrón único de producción y de valoración de la investigación actual, se valoran sus consecuencias sobre la relación entre pensamiento, escritura y educación. Se llega a la conclusión de que la estandarización de la escritura en la universidad globalmente homologada actual conduce a una asfixia del pensamiento no sólo en la filosofía sino en todos los ámbitos del saber. A la vez, nos da la clave para diagnosticar y localizar, en cada uno de estos ámbitos, cuáles son los espacios de lo innegociable a partir de lo cual debemos repensar nuestra relación con la educación y el pensamiento dentro y fuera de la universidad.This article addresses the problem of the place of philosophy in higher education today through the analysis of a single issue: the standardization of academic writing and its effects on the practice of philosophy and teaching. From the formal analysis of the academic "paper", as the unique pattern of production and evaluation of current research, this article evaluates its impact on the relationship between thinking, writing and education. It concludes that standardization of writing in the globally homologated university, leads to a stifling of thought not only in philosophy but in all areas of knowledge. At the same time gives us the key to diagnose and locate, in each of these areas, what are the spaces of the non-negotiable from which we must rethink our relationship with education and thinking inside and outside the university.

According to some definitions, the introduction of a paper, apart from exposing its objectives, should be the stimulant that generates interest in a deeper reading and a wider appraisal. With this definition in mind, I submit for this issue of Athena the text that introduces my discussion on the Scientific/Colonial Logics of Knowledge: Writing, images and borderline issues. The keys and the roadmap which represent the basis of this paper are contained within, as also a simple overview of some of its strongest theses. Hopefully, this introduction will worthily fulfill its task.Según algunas definiciones, la introducción de un trabajo además de plantear los objetivos del mismo, debe ser la incitadora de un interés que conduzca a una lectura más amplia. Con esta definición en mente, presento para esta entrega de la tesiteca de Athena, un texto que introduce mi discusión sobre las Lógicas científico/coloniales del conocimiento: Escritura, imágenes y territorios de frontera. En él se encuentran las claves y el mapa de escritura con el que este trabajo fue construido, así como un sencillo recorrido por algunas de sus tesis más fuertes. Ojala esta introducción cumpla cabalmente su tarea.

En este artículo pretendo explorar la política en el Gran Buenos Aires a partir de un análisis de las elecciones legislativas de 2009 desde mi etnografía en una villa de La Matanza en proceso de urbanización. A partir de allí, intentaré dar cuenta de una serie de perspectivas que quedan opacadas en los análisis centrados en procesos electorales. Mientras éstos enfocan hacia las estrategias de campaña de los candidatos y los entramados políticos desde los cuales construyen apoyos para explicar los resultados electorales (o intentar predecirlos), el punto central de este artículo consiste en mostrar cómo las elecciones se imponen y son apropiadas localmente a partir de una perspectiva centrada en la urbanización de la villa. The purpose of this paper is to explore Great Buenos Aires's politics analyzing midterm elections (2009) from my ethnography in a shantytown of La Matanza under a process of urbanization. I will try to show some outlooks which are usually darkened by electoral analyses. While these researches usually focus on campaign strategies and political networks in order to explain (or predict) electoral results, the main contribution of this paper is to show how elections are generally imposed and locally appropriated from a local perspective oriented towards the urbanization of the shantytown.

En este artículo propongo revisar el dilema de la ciudadanía que Wollstonecraft planteó en su libro Vindicación de los derechos de la mujer, de 1792. Defiendo que este dilema cae en la misma trampa en que la misma teoría feminista cayó al proponer dos modelos diferentes de feminismo, el de la igualdad y el de la diferencia. Lo que planteo es que los dos son en realidad la misma paradoja, que remite, a su vez, al binarismo igualdad versus diferencia que opera estructurando los términos del debate liberal-patriarcal respecto a la equidad en el contrato social. El feminismo ha de salir de esa trampa para ofrecer un concepto de ciudadanía nuevo, en el que las mujeres no tengamos que decidir entre igualdad o diferencia, o entre justicia y cuidado. This paper sets out to review the dilemma of citizenship Wollstonecraft raised in A Vindication of the Rights of Women, published in 1792. I argue that this dilemma falls into the same trap feminist theory does by proposing two different (and opposed) models of feminism: equality and difference. In this paper I suggest that the two are in fact the same paradox, which in turn refers to the equality-difference binarism that operates by structuring the liberal-patriarchal debate on equity in the social contract. Feminism must climb out of this trap in order to offer a new concept of citizenship in which women do not have to decide between equality and difference, or between justice and care.

This paper critically assesses the discourse that justifies the latest educational reforms in European and Spanish higher education. It is presented as a techno-scientific discourse that attempts to support one of the most important current practices of subjectivity -the educational one- using a particular definition of psychology that forget the fact of the irreducible plurality of psychological practices and knowledges. This paper aims thus to make a double critical assessment. On the one hand, about the rhetorical use of psycopedagogic knowledge as scientific (indisputable) support for the reforms. On the other hand, about the assumption that there is a well definite discipline -psychology- which is unified, scientifically established and able to offer that support. The paper consider also the current socio-cultural scenario of globalization and neoliberalism as a context that makes sense, within the ideology of entrepreneurship, such use of psychology as a scientific guarantor of education reform. Special emphasis is placed on the promotion of subjectivity linked to that ideology, which requires individuals gifted with flexibility, self-monitoring skills and full responsibility for their fate.En este trabajo se valora críticamente el discurso que arropa las últimas reformas educativas de la enseñanza superior europea y española. Se lo presenta como un discurso que intenta justificar tecnocientíficamente una de las más importantes prácticas de subjetivación actuales -la educativa- recurriendo a una determinada definición de la psicología que deja en un segundo plano el hecho de la pluralidad irreductible de las prácticas y saberes psicológicos. Se hace, así, una valoración crítica conjugada de, por un lado, el uso retórico de los saberes psicopedagógicos como respaldo científico -indiscutible- de las reformas, y por otro lado, de la asunción de que existe uma disciplia bien definida -la psicología- unificada, asentada científicamente y en la cual cabe buscar ese respaldo. La crítica toma en consideración, además, el escenario sociocultural actual de la globalización y el neoliberalismo como contexto en que cobra sentido, dentro de la ideología del emprendedorismo, dicho uso de la psicología como garante científico de la reforma de la enseñanza. Se hace especial hincapié en el fomento de la subjetividad ligado a esa ideología, que exige individuos dotados de flexibilidad, capacidad de autorregulación y responsabilidad total sobre su destino.

Este texto es una presentación del monográfico Diásporas y transiciones en la teoría del actor-red. Sus páginas presentan las principales características de esta teoría, una manera de entender sus orígenes y una descripción de su presente estableciendo un paralelismo con la etnometodología. El texto finaliza con una valoración del estado de la teoría del actor-red en España y un comentario sobre un congreso que llevó el título de Presente y futuro de la teoría del actor-red y que constituye el embrión del presente monográfico. En el texto se defiende una tesis muy simple: la teoría del actor-red nace con cierta relevancia para el pensamiento social en el momento en que se difracta en una miríada de usos y aplicaciones diferentes. El principal corolario de este hecho también es muy sencillo: la gran diferencia entre la teoría del actor-red y otras propuestas del pensamiento social es su permanente estado de diáspora y transición. This paper is an introduction to the monograph titled Diasporas and Transitions in the Actor-Network Theory. Drawing a parallel with ethnomethodology, its pages present the main features of this theory, a way to figure out its origins and a description of its present. The text ends with a brief look at the state of art of actor-network theory in Spain and an appraisal of a meeting titled Present and Future of Actor-Network Theory, which is the origin of our monograph. In this paper we put forward a very simple idea: Actor-Network Theory was born with certain relevance in Social Sciences when it diffracted in a myriad of different uses and applications. The main corollary of such an idea is also straightforward: the very difference between Actor-Network Theory and other perspectives in Social Sciences resides in the permanent diaspora and transition of the former.

The present paper attempts to show how rape is represented in a variety of historical and contemporary discourses. Examples of rapes in Greek mythology, in the Bible, in medieval iconography, in literature, and in scientific theories, are compared and contrasted. Analysis suggests that such discourses tend to make sexual aggression (and specifically the rape of women) legitimate, be it by minimizing the harm done; by normalizing and naturalizing sexual violence; or by aesthetisizing rape as art. Finally, the paper argues that putting modern legal accounts of rape into their historical perspective brings into sharper focus the persistence of ancient myths and discourses

This paper was written under the research project CRiCity: “Children and their Right to the City: Tackling urban inequity through the participatory design of child-friendly cities” developed in Lisbon and Porto and funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through national funds (PTDC/SOC-SOC/30415/2017). We focus on two case-studies developed in Porto. Our aim is to present some of the findings of the focus groups and drawing activities developed with children in two institutions. During this research, it was evident that children from middle and high classes are more subjected to institutionalization, domestication and hyper-protection processes than those from lower social classes. Also, we conclude that the phenomena of insularization and specialization contributes to aggravating restrictions on public spaces by producing forms of socio-spatial segregation depending not only on age, but also on class and social status.

From a sociocultural constructivist perspective, this paper analyses the sociocultural processes involved in children's participation in criminal organizations in Rio de Janeiro, and in other violent and armed environments. The analysis is based on the work of Dowdney (2003, 2005), and the work of the Slum Monitoring Center (Observatorio de Favelas, 2006). The article discusses the concept of childhood, and identifies the major factors affecting child development within such contexts: the strategies used by adults to induct children into a criminal organization and to keep them there. It highlights the role of school and work, two environments universally present in the research participants' own narratives. To study the topic demands a systematic approach so as to account for the variety of factors at work, from the historico-social forces revealed in the social practices and the collective culture of gangs, to issues such as autonomy and social responsibility. The paper stresses the need to create collective spaces for expressing and co-constructing meanings, which may encourage social and personal reflection, and so promote healthy developmental contexts for both the individual and society.

Pentecostal religious beliefs and practices consist of a complex set of strategies of transformation and personal renewal. Among other aspects of their experiences in the Church of Philadelphia, the social construction of Gypsy reality turns on the reform of the body. The present paper lies on aspects such as the body as object and subject of biopolitical and religious practices; the relationships between religious experience and body management; new social and community interactions; and autobiographical discourse as the ideological vehicle of personal conversion and transformation. All these processes reveal how social practices remake and shape bodily behaviour and its meaning. Pentecostal charismatic practices channel and express the community and individual demands of Church of Philadelphia converts, and represent central issues in the Pentecostal management of body and spirit. Our aim in this paper is to analyze the bodily practices which provide for believers´ transformation, and which shape community rituals and the congregation's interactions.

This paper draws on an ethnographic study with teenage mothers. It discusses how the research incorporated feminist political goals and ethical concerns. The paper focuses in particular on one key concern for feminist researchers, that of hierarchical power in the research setting in order to demonstrate the challenges and advantages of feminist research. A number of approaches were taken to mitigate power relationships and these are discussed and reflected upon here. The paper then goes on to interrogate the author’s position as an ‘insider researcher’. It is demonstrated here how feminist research enabled the position of the researcher to be acknowledged, analysed and critiqued thus ensuring that research which challenges conventional notions of objectivity is robust.

The broad aim of this paper is to look into the implications of applying two different methods of research and analytical assumptions to the study of social movements. In order to develop and discuss this aim, I focus my analysis on the emergence of a social movement that impacted Spanish society in 2011: the ‘indignados’ movement 15M. Particularly, in this case, I confront the main conclusions of two different methodological approaches that analyze the emergence of the movement, focusing my interest in the ideological roots of its collective identity. The first approach is mainly based on ethnographic data (Laraña & Díez, 2012a; 2012b) and the second one consists of a statistical macro-analysis. Whereas in the two first works we highlighted the most micro and intersubjective aspects of the social action, through ethnographic techniques, that allowed us to study how the activists organize the actions of the movement, spread their frames and construct its collective identity, this paper mainly focuses on macro statistical data in order to: i) analyze the ideological bases of the movement, ii) compare the results obtained regarding this issue from the both aforementioned approaches, and iii) look at their complementarities.

This paper wants to look into the back room of social theorisation of political action. We take as a starting point the impossibility of basing political action on modern Rationalism and Humanism's 'universal subject'. Nevertheless this paper tries to make compatible some critiques of Rationalism and Humanism, on the one hand, with, on the other hand, a version of some of the emancipatory promises of modernity. In order to think about politics, we will present two ways of broaching the tensions caused by the privileging of the subject in modernity. One will be focused on its radical politization, introducing the subject as a site for, and consequence of, political action itself. The other takes the notion of agency as the privileging of connections and movements over (id)entities to explain political action.

By relating Bakhtin’s work and the theory of intertextuality to a discussion of the idea of subjectivity as an individual self (i.e. isolated and isolable from its context), this paper seeks to apply some of Bakhtin’s concepts to the reading –term that comprises a sense of everlasting interpretation and production- of the interviews we conducted to psychotherapists. Doing so helped us explore the way therapists’ subjectivity is constituted within institutional contexts that are instilled ideologically and passionately by manifold voices. In order to account for this process, we bring in the notion of located biography. Such a term denotes an underway-produced multiplicity. Therefore, through its utterance it synthesizes a collective experience. The paper concludes thinking of the potentiality for qualitative research of the approach developed.

This paper aims to reflect upon the principal difficulties, challenges or ‘headaches’ that doing feminist research in conflict and post-conflict contexts can involve. Each of the two authors has conducted a very different study. One, on the role of local women’s organizations and activists in peacebuilding; the other, on the disarmament and reintegration of combatants and the impact of this process on the reproduction of violence. While one of us is a woman, the other is a man. While one studies feminist activism, the other focuses mainly on masculinities in the military. While one has researched in Kosovo, the other has done so in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Based on these two research processes, we reflect on debates over epistemological and practical issues such as reflexivity, positionality of the researcher, access, secrecy and silence in the research process, power relations in the field and ethical dilemmas.

¿What is it that moves into researching? ¿Why do we conduct it and what is such effort worth? These are the main questions underlying this paper: a tour into several of the topics involved in the "ought to's" of social sciences -objectivity, knowledge, transformation. His claim is that "pleasure is precisely what we count on to found our commitment for researching". Such claim does not imply in any way rather soft or pleasing criteria, for only the studies of great quality, implacable rigour, conscious elaboration and sustained effort, manage to reach the place of a beautiful objects of thought, capable of modifying their authors as well as those who enter in contact with them. To replace that old barometer of objectivity by the hetherodox barometer of pleasure -the main subject of this paper- is not to lowen any of the levels that a good social practice demands. Quite the contrary.

This paper maps the intersection of affect theory with literature and art through the revision of the question of representation and its crisis, which has been central in theorizing literary and art concerns. I propose that affect theory reinvigorates the problematic of representation by turning it into a debate about mediation, producing two main gestures in criticism when it gets in contact with literary and art works. On the one hand, some scholarship has stayed “between representation” by looking at affect as excessive of cognitive processes to analyze and expand how affect influences our representations of these processes, both when reading and doing literary criticism, and when elaborating epistemological paradigms. On the other, criticism has also attempted to step “beyond representation” by looking at affect as an autonomous third entity in mediation with capacities to affect and surpass human cognition. In treating affect as a new capacious entity when approaching the issue of representation, the critical concerns informing this gesture revolve around ontological questions, and they prioritize what affect is and does to bodies more than what it means.

Frankenstein is not an exclusive character belonging to the realm of the Gothic narrative, but a vivid element that has evolved and adapted to diverse social contexts and geographies. Mary Shelley's work has endured the passing of time and now is a symbol of the popular culture. In this paper, I look to understand Mary Shelley's Frankenstein influence on people’s attitudes regarding technology and science, particularly artificial intelligence and robots. How the negative visions and fears about the misuse of science to break traditional moral and religious boundaries are still present in popular culture. Fieldwork will be focused on reviewing several Latin American newspapers and magazine articles in Spanish and Portuguese published on the Internet. As final outcomes will show, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein still continues influencing people’s imagination about science and technology, even in technically less developed regions.

Actualment, la Teràpia cognitivoconductual (TCC) gaudeix d’un fort període d’expansió i reconeixement, esdevenint la teràpia de referència. En el present article prenc una posició crítica davant aquesta realitat, plantejant la TCC com una pràctica hegemònica i analitzant les implicacions sociopolítiques que això comporta. Per tal de dur-ho a terme, he realitzat un estudi de cas de la teràpia, analitzant el model de subjecte sobre el qual la TCC opera. Una vegada analit-zat, m’he centrat en relacionar aquest subjecte amb el concepte foucaultià de l’”empresari de si mateix”, establint que el model de subjecte que es construeix amb la teràpia és proper al model de subjecte neoliberal, plantejant així les re-percussions d’aquesta relació en termes de relacions de poder i hegemonia. Finalment, em qüestiono el paper de la universitat en aquest procés.

This paper deals with the problem of identifying cultural replicators and providing a plausible replication model for culture. Depending on what kind of information is considered to be replicated, the different evolutionary models of cultural transmission are clustered into three main groups which are referred to as externalism, internalism and multi-substratism. From these, internalism is argued to be the most plausible position, but it fails in explaining how cultural information can be faithfully replicated in our species despite essentially depending on individual processes of intentional inference. It is concluded that no author seems to have fittingly adopted a categorization model stemmed from a usage-based perspective, and such a model would entail a feedback dynamic in category formation which could allow for an a posteriori purification of the input information flow. This way, categorization would partially equate the role of DNA in genetic transmission cycles.

The aim of the research we present in this article is to offer a general overview of the situation in the Basque Country concerning gender equality/inequality among young people. This paper is based on qualitative research conducted with young Basque people (15-30 years old). In the first part, a portrait of the young Basque population is presented with regard to formal equality and changes occurring in Spanish and Basque society over the last three decades, as well as a brief review of youth studies focusing on gender analysis. In the second part, the main results of this research are outlined, following three main lines of enquiry in relation to the maintenance or transformation of asymmetrical gender models: continuities, conflicts and ruptures.

In this paper we approached a study about masculinities imaginaries significations in eastern Cuba. Firstly, we rescued relevant moments of the masculinities studies in the country and some theoretical contributions to understand the social production of the masculinities. Besides, we show the qualitative results from the groups with men.En este artículo abordamos un estudio sobre significaciones imaginarias en torno a las masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba. Primeramente, rescatamos momentos relevantes del desarrollo de los estudios de masculinidades en el país y algunas contribuciones teóricos que consideramos necesarias para comprender la producción de las masculinidades. Presentamos, además, los resultados cualitativos que emergieron de grupos de discusión realizados con hombres.En este artículo abordamos un estudio sobre significaciones imaginarias en torno a las masculinidades en la región oriental de Cuba. Primeramente, rescatamos momentos relevantes del desarrollo de los estudios de masculinidades en el país y algunas contribuciones teóricos que consideramos necesarias para comprender la producción de las masculinidades. Presentamos, además, los resultados cualitativos que emergieron de grupos de discusión realizados con hombres.

The paper discusses the feminization of occupations and professions of the health sector and presents trends and implications in the Brazilian context. Emphasizes dentistry, which is one of the professions in which feminization occurs sharply in the country. In Brazil, data from the 2000 census shows that women constitute the majority of students in higher education in health, even in the historically male as medicine and dentistry. Discuss the feminization of health professions implies thinking about the health and quality of life for professionals in their work contexts and training, in addition to questions relating to gender roles in the lives of these women.Este texto analiza la feminización de las ocupaciones y profesiones que abordan las tendencias de salud y sus implicaciones en el contexto brasileño. En Brasil, los datos del censo de 2000 reveló que las mujeres constituyen la mayoría de los estudiantes de educación superior en el área de salud, incluso en las tradicionalmente masculinas medicina y odontología. Discutir la feminización de las profesiones de la salud implica reflexionar sobre la salud y la calidad de vida en sus contextos de trabajo profesionales y en la formación, además de las cuestiones relativas a los roles de género en la vida de estas mujeres.O trabalho discute a feminilização das ocupações e profissões de saúde abordando tendências e implicações no contexto brasileiro. No Brasil, dados do censo de 2000 revelam que as mulheres constituem a maior parte dos estudantes de nível superior na área da saúde, mesmo nas historicamente masculinas, como a medicina e odontologia. Discutir a feminilização nas profissões de saúde implica refletir sobre a saúde e a qualidade de vida de profissionais nos seus contextos de trabalho e de formação, além das indagações referentes aos papeis de gênero na vida destas mulheres.

En el artículo presentamos reflexiones teórico-metodológicas surgidas de dos proyectos de investigación. El objetivo general de ambos es analizar los procesos de individuación en jóvenes cuyos principales espacios de sociabilidad se encuentran en barrios marginalizados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Para la construcción de los datos empíricos utilizamos como herramienta metodológica el relato biográfico. Los relatos fueron construidos a partir de cinco o seis entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas en forma individual a 10 jóvenes de entre 19 y 26 años. La articulación entre las propuestas analíticas de la sociología de la individuación de Danilo Martuccelli y la estrategia metodológica de los relatos biográficos resulta productiva para captar simultáneamente las heterogeneidades y las regularidades presentes en las pruebas, los soportes y las reflexividades que participan en los procesos de construcción de las subjetividades juveniles en el contexto actual de nuestra sociedad.In this paper we present theoretical and methodological reflections from two research projects. The main objective of both is to analyze the individuation processes in young people whose sociability spaces are in marginalized neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. The empirical data was constructed using the life story as methodological tool. The life stories were constructed from five or six individual semi structured interviews of about an hour and a half to 10 young people, 19 to 26 years old. The articulation between the analytical proposals of the sociology of individuation of Danilo Martuccelli and the methodological strategy of the life stories proves to be productive to capture simultaneously the heterogeneities and regularities found in the trials, supports and reflexivities that take part in the construction processes of young subjectivities in the current context of our society.

Medical practice is driven by technology, discourses, and knowledge about health and illness. This has resulted in its gaining a dominating position in power relations achieved by means of diagnosis, medicalization, and habit and conduct creation and maintenance. Interaction at primary care centres is built on mainstream biomedical views of both the medical discourse and the social practices related to health, illness and the human body. Moreover, it is also rooted on the ideologies conveyed by those social concepts, which in turn, permeate interaction all through with power relations. The present paper takes ethnographic data and in-depth interviews as a departing point to analyse how diagnosis, medicalization, and biopolicies for health prevention and improvement carried out in primary care centres in Barcelona make up a control apparatus. Furthermore, this essay also explores how the apparatus is developed in the medical encounter and turns the body into an organism.Las prácticas de asistencia médica están orientadas por tecnologías, discursos y conocimientos sobre salud/enfermedad produciendo efectos de dominación, mediante la elaboración de diagnósticos, farmacologización, creación y mantenimiento de pautas, hábitos y conductas de vida. La interacción en el dispositivo médico de Atención Primaria, construida con relación a la existencia de un discurso médico y unas prácticas sociales alrededor de la salud, la enfermedad y el cuerpo desde la visión biomédica dominante y el contenido ideológico que éstos contienen, está atravesada por relaciones de poder. A partir de datos etnográficos y entrevistas en profundidad, analizamos en este artículo los diagnósticos, la medicalización y las estrategias biopolíticas de prevención y mejora de la salud desarrolladas desde la consulta de un Centro de Atención Primaria de Barcelona como dinámicas de control producidas en el encuentro médico, que convierten el cuerpo en organismo.

Neste trabalho, objetivo analisar as contribuições e limites dos conceitos de paz e violência cultural propostos por Johan Galtung para o estudo de conflitos violentos. Ao realizar tal análise, busco não apenas realçar suas vantagens e desvantagens, mas, também, reformulá-los de tal modo que não percam muito de seus sentidos originais e, ao mesmo tempo, escapem de algumas limitações teóricas iniciais. Mais exatamente, argumento em favor da substituição dos conceitos de violência e paz cultural por “o sentido a serviço da violência” e “o sentido a serviço da paz”, respectivamente.In this paper, I aim to analyze the contributions and limits of the concepts of peace and violence proposed by Johan Galtung for the study of violent conflicts. In doing so, I try to emphasize not only their advantages and disadvantages, but also reformulate them in a way that they don´t loose their original meanings. More specifically, I argue that instead of using the concepts of cultural violence and cultural peace, we should use the expressions “meaning in the service of violence” and “meaning in the service of peace”.

El presente artículo es una reflexión, desde la Pedagogía, acerca de la reforma universitaria y el denominado Proceso de Bolonia. A partir de los elementos discursivos de los documentos de la reforma y de las propuestas metodológicas que emanan de ellos, realizamos un análisis de la transformación del modelo educativo universitario, de los cambios que se han producido en la actividad de estudiantes y docentes, y del impacto que dichos cambios han tenido en el trabajo educativo en las aulas. Desde una mirada crítica sobre el discurso, el texto se articula en torno a lo que favorecen, ocultan o desacreditan los nuevos lenguajes, para plantear cómo pensar, en el nuevo marco, la cuestión del enseñar y el aprender en la universidad. This paper brings a reflection, from a pedagogical point of view, about the changes in the European educational area according to the Bologna Process. Regarding the discursive elements as well as the methodological proposals derived from the educational change, an analysis of the transformation of the educational model in the university is presented. This analysis also includes the educational changes produced in the teaching activity, the relationship between teachers and students, in addition to the impact that those changes have produced in the dynamic or the work load in the classroom. From a critical point about the discourse, the text is organized regarding to what the new languages are improving, hiding or discrediting to establish how to rethink the teaching and learning question in the new educational frame in Higher Education.

In this paper I present a condensed version of my dissertation where I seek to highlight some of their results, as well as the proposal to include two notions to the debate on contemporary biopolitics: the biomarketing and marketmentality.En este texto presento una versión resumida de mi tesis donde busco resaltar una parte de sus resultados, así como la propuesta de incorporar dos nociones al debate sobre la biopolítica contemporánea: el biomarqueting y la mercadeomentalidad.

Este artículo sugiere que esta época es la mejor y peor para la labor académica. La mejor en cuanto hay más publicaciones académicas que nunca. Y la peor porque sobra mucho de estas publicaciones. Trabajando en las condiciones competitivas del capitalismo académico, los académicos se sienten en la necesidad de continuar publicando, independientemente de que tengan algo que decir. Las presiones de publicar continuamente y promover la propia perspectiva se reflejan en la manera en la que los científicos sociales están escribiendo. Y es que los académicos utilizan un lenguaje técnico basado en sustantivos, con una precisión menor a la del lenguaje ordinario. Los estudiantes de postgrado han sido educados en esta manera de escribir como una condición previa a iniciarse en las ciencias sociales. Así, la naturaleza misma del capitalismo académico no sólo determina las condiciones en las que los académicos trabajan, sino que también afecta su manera de escribir.This paper suggests that it is the best and worst of times for academic work. It is the best of times because there are more academics publishing than ever before. It is the worst of times because there is much unnecessary publication. Working in the competitive conditions of academic capitalism, academics feel impelled to keep publishing, whether or not they have anything to say. The pressures to publish continually and to promote one’s own approach are reflected in the way that social scientists are writing. Academics use a noun-based technical language, which is less precise than ordinary language. Postgraduates are taught this way of writing as a precondition for entering the social sciences. In this way, the nature of academic capitalism not only determines the conditions under which academics are working but it affects the way that they are writing.

The current situation in university is not only the consequence of what happens outside. University also plays a leading role in the production and maintenance of the social order it belongs to. In this paper we shall analyze, firstly, the dominant ideology in university (scientistic and technocratic) and place it in relation with changes in the economic environment and especially with its role producing captive subjectivities. Secondly, we shall examine specifically the ideology behind evaluation and its effects. Far from expanding the possibilities for more democratization of knowledge, it homogenizes value criteria and invites uncritical adaptation to the situation. However, in the daily classroom work there are opportunities that open the possibility of a university which is not a mere space of adaptation and reproduction of what already exists. Thus, in the last section, we acknowledge the possibility of confronting the depoliticizing role of university through the encouragement of thought, as something which cannot be deduced from knowledge.La situación actual de la universidad no es únicamente el resultado de lo que ocurre fuera de ella. La universidad es también protagonista en la producción y sostenimiento del orden social establecido. En este trabajo analizamos este papel mostrando, en primer lugar, la configuración ideológica predominante en la universidad (cientificista y tecnocrática), poniéndola en relación con las transformaciones del contexto económico y especialmente con su papel productor de subjetividades en deuda. En segundo lugar, analizamos específicamente la ideología de la evaluación y sus efectos. Lejos de ampliar las posibilidades para una mayor democratización del conocimiento y una toma de postura propia, homogeniza los criterios de valor e invita a la adaptación acrítica a la situación. Sin embargo existen en el día a día del trabajo en las aulas posibilidades para que la universidad no sea un mero espacio de adaptación y reproducción de lo que ya hay. Por ello reconocemos en el último apartado la posibilidad de enfrentar el papel despolitizador de la universidad alimentando el pensamiento como aquello que no puede deducirse de un saber.

En el presente texto exploro la crítica a la Universidad- Academia contenida en los análisis de los sociólogos Pierre Bourdieu y Jean Claude Passeron, así como los análisis, también críticos de la Universidad-Empresa formulados por Stanley Aronowitz y los investigadores del llamado capitalismo académico. Pongo en relación estas críticas con los movimientos estudiantiles y profesionales de los años 70. Asimismo las utilizo para problematizar el actual proceso de transformación de la Universidad europea, conocido como Proceso Bolonia.In this paper I am exploring the criticism of the University-Academy contained in the books of sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Jean Claude Passeron, and I analyze the also critical approaches to the University-Corporation in the work of Stanley Aronowitz and other academic researchers of the so called “academic capitalism”. I place these criticisms in relation to professional and student movements of the 70. I use them by the questioning of the ongoing transformation of the European University, known as Bologna Process.

En la actualidad, la explosión de bitácoras personales, de redes sociales y de otros dispositivos y programas informáticos muestran cómo ciertas prácticas, que eran consideradas exclusivas de las esferas privadas e íntimas, ahora se inscriben en el espacio público de la pantalla. Atendiendo a este escenario, en este artículo animamos que estas tecnologías funcionan como tecnologías del Yo y como tecnologías de poder, comprendidas en el sentido propuesto por Foucault (1990). Ellas median las formas de gobierno del Yo en sus modos de presentación pública, a la vez que funcionan como tecnologías de control del otro. También imponen sus condiciones tecnológicas sobre las interacciones posibles y contribuye a diferentes modos de gobierno de los sentimientos y a formas específicas de performativización del género. En este artículo analizamos estas categorías y compartimos algunas reflexiones a partir de un caso de estudio con jóvenes mujeres de la ciudad de Córdoba consumidoras de blogs y redes sociales. Currently, the explosion of personal blogs, social networking and other devices and software show how certain practices that were considered exclusives of intimate and private spheres, are now enrolled in the public space of the screen. Based on this scene, in this article we consider that these technologies work as technologies of the self and as control technologies, in the sense proposed by Foucault (1990). They mediate forms of self government in their public presentation modes, while play as control technologies of the others. Technological conditions also are imposed on the possible interactions and contribute to different modes of governance of feelings and specific forms of gender performativización. In this paper we analyze these categories and share some reflections from a case of study with young women consumers of blogs and social networks in the city of Córdoba.

Buscamos neste texto mapear e refletir sobre a terceira geração de pesquisadores na área de gênero na psicologia brasileira, articulando estes à inserção dos estudos de masculinidades e estudo queers em seus núcleos de pesquisa. Esta geração, da qual os autores deste artigo participam é constituída por pesquisadores alocados em um campo já organizado, o qual já vem utilizando a categoria gênero, há alguns anos reconhecida nas ciências sociais e humanas. Faz-se importante observar que um dos principais papéis desta geração tem sido divulgar e aprofundar as conquistas tanto teóricas quanto metodológicas geradas pelas primeiras gerações. De um modo geral podemos apontar que a terceira geração reflete a atual valorização da pluralidade, da valorização de novos sujeitos do campo feminista no Brasil trazendo temáticas para investigação que são foco da busca da legitimidade nas novas configurações dos movimentos feministas brasileiros. The aim of this text is mapping and reflecting on the third generation of Brazilian researchers in gender psychology, doing an articulation with the integration of masculinities studies and queer studies on these groups of research. This generation, to which the authors of this paper belong, consists of groups of researchers already enrolled in an organized field, in which they use the gender category, concept recognized in the social sciences and humanities a long time ago. It is important to take into account that one of the main roles of this generation has been spreading and deepening the achievements, both theoretical and methodological, attained by earlier generations. In general, we can state that the third generation reflects the current value of plurality, the appreciation of new subjects on the feminism field on Brazil, bringing topics for research focused on the search for legitimacy in the new configurations of the Brazilian feminist movement.Buscamos neste texto mapear e refletir sobre a terceira geração de pesquisadores na área de gênero na psicologia brasileira, articulando estes à inserção dos estudos de masculinidades e estudo queers em seus núcleos de pesquisa. Esta geração, da qual os autores deste artigo participam é constituída por pesquisadores alocados em um campo já organizado, o qual já vem utilizando a categoria gênero, há alguns anos reconhecida nas ciências sociais e humanas. Faz-se importante observar que um dos principais papéis desta geração tem sido divulgar e aprofundar as conquistas tanto teóricas quanto metodológicas geradas pelas primeiras gerações. De um modo geral podemos apontar que a terceira geração reflete a atual valorização da pluralidade, da valorização de novos sujeitos do campo feminista no Brasil trazendo temáticas para investigação que são foco da busca da legitimidade nas novas configurações dos movimentos feministas brasileiros.

This paper presents the results of a qualitative research that explores, from an intergenerational and gender perspective, how the use of audiovisual media influences to personal well-being in adolescence. Three, semi-structured group interviews were used with adolescent girls (aged 12 to 18 years), and two with mothers of boys and girls of those ages. The results show that interpersonal relationships are one of the factors that greatly contribute to the adolescents’ well-being. Girls said that the use of technology generates personal well-being because it allows them to maintain interpersonal relationships with their peers. The mothers, however, question whether overuse of technology can contribute to their personal well-being. On the other hand, girls and mothers agree to comment that the use of technology hinders the relationships that adolescents have with their parents. El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación cualitativa que explora, desde la perspectiva intergeneracional y de género, de qué forma el uso de los medios audiovisuales influye en el bienestar subjetivo en la adolescencia. Se han realizado tres entrevistas grupales semi-estructuradas con chicas adolescentes (de 12 a 18 años) y dos con madres de chicos y chicas de estas edades. Los resultados avalan una vez más que las relaciones interpersonales son uno de los factores que en mayor medida influye en el bienestar de los y las adolescentes. Las chicas manifiestan que el uso de las tecnologías audiovisuales contribuye a su bienestar subjetivo porque les posibilita mantener las relaciones interpersonales con sus iguales. Las madres, en cambio, ponen en duda que un uso excesivo de las tecnologías pueda contribuir al bienestar subjetivo. Por otra parte, chicas y madres coinciden en comentar que el uso de las tecnologías dificulta las relaciones de los adolescentes con sus progenitores.

El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es analizar las diferencias de género respecto al uso de las TIC entre el estudiantado universitario. Presentamos los resultados de un estudio realizado mediante la técnica de encuesta, a una muestra de 1042 estudiantes procedentes de 5 universidades, sobre los usos que realizan y la percepción que tienen en relación a las TIC en la vida cotidiana y en la formación académica. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre sexos, tanto respecto al uso como a su percepción de la tecnología. The main goal of this paper is to analyse gender differences in the use of ICT among university students. We present the results of a study about the uses and the perception in relation to ICT in everyday life and in academia. The study is based on a statistical simple of 1042 students from 5 different universities. The results show gender differences, both with respect to use as their perception of technology.

Final dissertation projects at UOC’s Master's Program in Education and ICT (eLearning), mainly developed by teachers and trainers, become an illustrative and fascinating collection of papers that aim to make proposals for introducing ICT in education. A thematic analysis, from the perspective of gender, provides interesting data that reveal trends and behaviours regarding the integration of ICT in education, where increasingly, men and women show similarities despite the identified stereotypes. The current study shows that both genders move almost in parallel and technological skills are not a barrier for women to follow the program paths with higher-level requirements. This has implications for the women influence in eLearning evolution, because currently more women than men are working as a professional in the educational sector. Los proyectos finales del Máster universitario en Educación y TIC (eLearning) de la UOC, desarrollados básicamente por docentes y formadores, constituyen un repertorio interesante e ilustrativo de propuestas de introducción de las TIC en el ámbito educativo. Un análisis temático desde la perspectiva de género aporta datos que revelan tendencias y comportamientos respecto la integración de las TIC en la educación, donde cada vez más, hombres y mujeres muestran similitudes a pesar de los estereotipos identificados. Se pone de manifiesto con este estudio que ambos géneros avanzan casi en paralelo y que las competencias tecnológicas no suponen un obstáculo para que las mujeres sigan los itinerarios del programa donde éstas se requieran a un mayor nivel. Esta situación tiene implicaciones respecto a la influencia que las mujeres puedan ejercer en la evolución del eLearning, ya que éstas actúan como profesionales en mayor número que los hombres en el sector educativo.

Este texto apresenta uma síntese do Seminário Rotas Críticas III, realizado em Porto Alegre/Brasil, em 2011, cujo foco foi situações limite da violência de gênero. As situações limite são violações de direitos humanos que incluem os femicídios ou assassinatos motivados pela situação de gênero; assassinatos de pessoas LGBT, violações a direitos de minorias étnicas e raciais, exploração sexual, violências a mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade e outras violências decorrentes de gênero. O objetivo do encontro foi oportunizar espaço para partilhar experiências, refletir criticamente e construir estratégias para o enfrentamento de violências e situações limite decorrentes de sistemas de gênero. Este texto apresenta uma síntese do Seminário Rotas Críticas III, realizado em Porto Alegre/Brasil, em 2011, cujo foco foi situações limite da violência de gênero. As situações limite são violações de direitos humanos que incluem os femicídios ou assassinatos motivados pela situação de gênero; assassinatos de pessoas LGBT, violações a direitos de minorias étnicas e raciais, exploração sexual, violências a mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade e outras violências decorrentes de gênero. O objetivo do encontro foi oportunizar espaço para partilhar experiências, refletir criticamente e construir estratégias para o enfrentamento de violências e situações limite decorrentes de sistemas de gênero.This paper presents a synthesis of the third Critical Paths Seminar, held in Porto Alegre/Brazil in 2011, whose focus was extreme situations of gender violence. The extreme situations are human rights violations that include femicide or murder motivated by the situation of gender; LGBT murders, human rights violations of ethnic and racial minorities, sexual exploitation, violence to women in vulnerable situations and other violence caused by gender. The meeting objective was given space to share experiences, reflect critically and build strategies for facing violence and extreme situations resulting from gender systems.

Abstract: The focus group technique is used primarily in the social sciences to collect qualitative data and analyze it trough qualitative analysis techniques. The aim of this paper is to examine the usefulness of focus groups in the field of urban acoustic research and to show their use as a technique for collecting quantitative data. After a brief theoretical introduction on definitions and characteristics of the focus group and its relationship in the research with the topic that interests us, then I describe in detail the steps followed in the practical application, the results obtained and how to analyze it, showing, at the same time, the potentialities and the differences compared to the focus group as traditionally known and used.La técnica del focus group se utiliza principalmente en el campo de las ciencias sociales para recoger información cualitativa y analizarla con técnicas de análisis de tipo cualitativo.El objetivo de este articulo es examinar la utilidad del focus group en el campo de la acústica urbana y mostrar su utilización como técnica para recoger datos de tipo cuantitativo. Después de una breve introducción teórica sobre definiciones y características del focus group y su relación en la investigación con la temática que nos interesa, a continuación describo al detalle los pasos seguidos en la aplicación realizada, los resultados obtenidos y la forma de analizarlos, marcando a la vez diferencias y potencialidades con respecto al focus group como es tradicionalmente conocido y utilizado.

We present a case of citizen participation to design some public spaces in Baró de Viver, a neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona. Our aim is to reflect on the ways to understand citizen participation in political and academic agenda, the role of different actors (citizens, professionals, politicians...) and strategies and methods used in participatory urban planning. The experience showed in this paper is located in a scale of urban design very close and well known to the people. We begin with a brief historical overview of the neighborhood where the project arose. Then we give an account of the stages of the participatory process, showing the main milestones, features and methods. Finally we propose some ideas to rethink the conceptual and methodological aspects of the intervention and urban research in environmental psychology and people-environment studies.En este artículo presentamos una experiencia de participación ciudadana para diseñar varios espacios públicos del barrio de Baró de Viver, en Barcelona. El objetivo es reflexionar en torno a la manera de entender la participación ciudadana en las agendas política y académica, el papel de los diferentes actores (ciudadanos, técnicos, políticos…) y las estrategias y métodos utilizados en las decisiones sobre el espacio de la ciudad. La experiencia se sitúa en la escala de diseño urbano que, por su cotidianeidad, suele provocar más implicación entre la ciudadanía. Empezamos con una breve descripción histórica y social del barrio donde surge el proyecto, para luego dar cuenta de las etapas del proceso participativo, describiendo sus principales hitos, características y métodos desarrollados. Concluimos con algunos elementos de reflexión en torno a los objetivos planteados, con el fin de repensar los fundamentos conceptuales y metodológicos de la intervención y la investigación urbanas en la psicología ambiental y disciplinas afines.

Este texto plantea que la noción de «espacio público», tal y como se utiliza actualmente, legitima, a la vez que fundamenta, lo que podría llamarse el derecho a excluir, que no es algo que en sí mismo pase por la ley, pero sí por la cultura. Para plantearlo, se desarrollarán tres ideas: la comodidad, la de planeación y el orden cívico, presentes en dicha noción.This paper raises that the notion of «public space», as is currently used, legitimize, at the same time is the base of what might be called the right to exclude. This is not happening by law, but culture. To argue this, there will develop three ideas: comfort, planning and civic order, presents in the above mentioned notion.

El presente texto persigue un encuentro de cuestiones de relevancia en los campos de la geografía humana y la teoría psico-social y cultural, es decir, un encuentro entre procesos de formación de la subjetividad y las formas en que estos se encuentran emplazados, envueltos en una geografía cargada de significaciones culturales, que estos mismos procesos contribuyen a sostener o a contestar. El argumento, o mejor, la invitación del presente texto consiste en la propuesta de reflexionar sobre el emplazamiento de la formación de la subjetividad a través de concebir las ciudades y los espacios urbanos como espacios constitutivos de esa formación, es decir como espacios de subjetivación. En primer lugar, entonces, la cuestión de cómo llegamos a habitar una subjetividad es planteada y abordada desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la performatividad. En segunda instancia, algunas de las implicaciones de la noción de "espacios de subjetivación" propuesta son señalados, y un caso teórico de espacios urbanos abyectos es analizado. Finalmente, se plantea la problemática de la resistencia y la posibilidad de contestar geografías de subjetivación a través de geografías de resistencia es valorada e ilustrada.The present paper pursues an encounter between pressing questions in both human geography and psycho-social and cultural theory, namely, between processes of subject-formation and the production of subjectivity and the way these are always already emplaced, enfolded within a culturally signified geography that in turn they come to sustain or contest through different means. The argument, or rather, the invitation, is that insofar as subjectivities take place, it might be promising to regard cities and urban spaces as spaces of subjectivation. Thus, firstly, the question of how it is we come to engender a subjectivity is posed and addressed following performativity theory. Secondly, some of the implications of the proposed notion of ‘spaces of subjectivation' are stressed and a theoretical case of abject urban spaces is analysed. Finally, the question of resistance and the possibility of contesting those geographies of subjectivation through geographies of resistance is posed and a possible approach is offered.

La mayoría de estudios sobre barebacking coinciden en definirlo como una práctica intencionada de sexo anal sin protección en 'hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres' (HSH), lo que entra en contradicción con la multiplicidad de significados que adquiere este término para algunas de las personas que lo utilizan en primera persona. En este trabajo ofrecemos una mirada situada sobre la manera en que se configuran los significados del término bareback en narrativas de personas que lo practican. Esto nos permite desplazar las responsabilidades individuales de la práctica establecidas desde los principios que guían las políticas de salud sexual, a responsabilidades sociopolíticas de una actitud que sólo tiene sentido en el actual contexto de biopolítica de la salud sexual.Most of the studies agree barebacking can be defined as an intentional practice of unprotected anal sex in 'men who have sex with other men' (MSM), despite the multiplicity of meanings that this term takes to some of the people who use it first hand. In this paper we look located on the way the meanings of the term bareback shapes in narratives of people who practice it. This allows us to move from the individual responsibilities of a practice established since the guiding principles of sexual health policies to the socio-political responsibilities of an attitude that only makes sense in the current context of biopolitics of sexual health.

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis del film M. Butterfly , dirigido por David Cronenberg, en 1993 y se trata de una versión basada en la ópera “Madame Butterfly” de Puccini. El objetivo es demostrar el poder y la fuerza de las representaciones sociales como mecanismos de producción de sentido que permitem que los sujetos sociales construyan, desconstruyan y reconstruyan el mundo en que viven y para el cual buscan sentido.This paper presents an analysis of the film M. Butterfly, directed by David Cronenberg, in 1993. This film is a version based on the opera Madame Butterfly, by Puccini. It aims to demonstrate the power and the strength of social representations as mechanisms for the production of meaning which allow social actors to construct, deconstruct and reconstruct the world in which they live and for which they loook for its meaning.

Las preguntas que guían este trabajo son fundamentalmente dos: ¿de qué manera los jóvenes uruguayos emigrados en Barcelona se han integrado en su nuevo país de destino? y ¿cómo se vinculan con su país de origen viviendo fuera de fronteras? Las conclusiones generales, influidas por las teorías del multiculturalismo y el transnacionalismo, también son dos. El análisis sugiere que un número significativo de los inmigrantes uruguayos en España tiende a desarrollar estrategias de integración en el país de acogida en paralelo con la recreación de su identidad uruguaya y su sentido de pertenencia al país de origen. Este proceso termina conformando una nueva ‘identidad guionada’ que permite que se construyan sólidos puentes de vinculación entre la nación uruguaya que vive afuera y adentro de fronteras.This paper will answer two questions: how young Uruguayan immigrants in Barcelona have integrated to their new country of destiny?, and how they relate to their country of origin living overseas? The general conclusions, influenced by the theories of transnationalism and multiculturalism, suggest that a significant number of Uruguayan immigrants in Barcelona develop integration strategies in their new country as they recreate in a parallel way their Uruguayan identity and their sense of belonging to the old homeland. In this process they conform a new hyphenated identity, which enables them to build solid bridges between the Uruguayan nation living inside and outside borders.

The narcocorrido is a contemporary musical expression in Mexico, and they are songs produced in a style called: música norteña, in which recreate stories of drug trafficking. The aim of this study is to explore the narcocorridos in the daily lives of young people. I am interesting in this genre and its fans. During my ethnographic fieldwork I focused on the practices, contexts, senses and mediators that link that kind of music with its audience. In this paper I develop the idea of mediation proposed by Actor-network Theory and Theory of Mediation, I explain how I have used it in the study of narcocorridos. El narcocorrido es una expresión musical actual y relevante en la sociedad mexicana. Son canciones que en el marco de la música norteña, narran historias sobre el narcotráfico. Basado en una aproximación etnográfica, me intereso en este género musical y su público, con el objetivo de explorar los narcocorridos en la vida cotidiana de jóvenes aficionados, centrándome en las prácticas, los contextos, los sentidos y mediadores que unen a la música con su público. En este artículo desarrollo la idea de mediación propuesta por la Teoría del Actor-Red y la Teoría de la Mediación, explicando cómo me he servido de ellas para el estudio de los narcocorridos.

In this paper I try to outline the existence of certain problems I have found during my research work, within sociology discipline, when it comes to follow some of the main threads of the complex fabric that constitutes the Actor-Network Theory (ANT). In the same way, I suggest some possible subterfuges to go around those problems. Two are the problems and two are the subterfuges as well destined to tackle them. On the one hand, I face the problem of the magnitude and fidelity that ANT's descriptions demand, thoroughly detailed and local, which clashes with the requirements of sociological theory that seeks abstractions and regularities. The subterfuge I propose is the one called "impressionist cartography". On the other hand, I bump into the difficulty of the irreversibility of mediations and the sanitized representations carried out, sometimes, by ANT. In order to fight this, I use the subterfuge oriented to adopt the premise of the "inevitable dirtiness of mediations". En este artículo intento proponer un esbozo de ciertos problemas que me he encontrado en el transcurro de mi investigación, dentro de la disciplina de la sociología, cuando he intentado seguir algunas de las principales tramas del complejo entramado de la teoría del actor-red (ANT), así como de los subterfugios que planteo para bordearlos. Dos son los problemas y dos los posibles subterfugios para abordarlos. Por un lado, me encuentro con el problema de la envergadura y fidelidad de las descripciones que exige la ANT, muy localizadas y minuciosas, que choca con los requerimientos de la teoría sociológica que busca regularidades y abstracciones. El subterfugio que planteo es el de la "cartografía impresionista". Por otro lado, me topo con la dificultad de la irreversibilidad de las mediaciones y las higienizantes representaciones que lleva a cabo en ocasiones la ANT. Para combatir esto, utilizo el subterfugio de adoptar la premisa de la "inevitable suciedad de las mediaciones".

Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), higher priest of all things apocalyptic and titanic that remain in our present time, and his Mediterranean nemesis, the Spanish cinematographer Luis García Berlanga (Valencia, 1921), ultimate practitioner of the lost baroque-Spanish art of the courtesan jester, are gathered together in this paper for the good cause of revisiting the most absurd and funny of all anthropological research topics: cargo cults. These are Millenium movements whose believers invest enormous amounts of ritual work to invocate of embodied ancestral Gods. They ask their gods to land their cargo spaceships loaded with high-tech mana at their bamboo airports. The craziest avatar of this spiritual saga, so-called UFO religions have begun the theoretical exploration and practical exploitation of the fundamental cargoist -i.e. economic-analogy between ordinary visits (of conquerors, missioners, ethnographers or tourists) to anonymous places and extraordinary visits (of Gods or extraterrestrials) to spiritual centers. The fast global-cinematic diffusion of the modern myth of the flying saucer reveals a close anthropo-historical connection between the rise of this specifically post-industrial variety of cargo cult and the tourists' validation of the megalomaniac techno-economic dreams of aboriginal tribes living in the Stone Age. We conclude sketching an analytical caricature of one of the most stupid cargonomical ‘pilot' in galactic anthropohistory: the so-called ‘Spanish economic miracle'. El sumo sacerdote de todo lo que de titánico y apocalíptico pervive aún en el mundo contemporáneo, el psiquiatra suizo Carlos Gustavo Jung (1875-1961), y su némesis castizoide, el cineasta español Luís García Berlanga (Valencia, 1921), restaurador para Madrid y provincias del decadente espíritu barroco de los clásicos de la burla cortesana, se juntan aquí por vez primera para contribuir a una buena causa. Se trata de revisitar el objeto de investigación antropológica tenido por más absurdo y divertido de todos: un grupo de credos milenaristas conocidas como "sectas cargo" cuyos fieles invierten esfuerzos supremos en la adoración ritual de dioses corpóreos ancestrales para que hagan aterrizar en sus aeropuertos de bambú naves mercantes de ciencia-ficción repletas de maná tecnológico. En el más esperpéntico avatar de esta saga espiritual, las denominadas ‘religiones ovni' se han lanzado a explorar teóricamente y explotar de manera práctica la analogía cargoísta -esto es, económica- fundamental entre visitas ordinarias (de conquistadores, misioneros, etnógrafos o turistas) a lugares anónimos y visitas extraordinarias (de dioses o alienígenas) a centros espirituales. La rápida difusión cinemático-planetaria del mito moderno de los platillos volantes revela una íntima conexión antropohistórica entre el surgimiento de esta variedad específicamente post industrial de cargo cult y la validación turística de los delirios de grandeza tecnoeconómica de tribus aborígenes ancladas en la edad de piedra. Concluimos esbozando la caricatura analítica de uno de los (e)piso(dio)s piloto más delirantes de la antropohistoria galáctica de las religiones de la carga: el ‘milagro económico español'.