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Resumen del libro "Paper cadavers: the archives of dictatorshio in Guatemala", de Kirsten Weld.

Environmental heat stress is the result of ambient temperature, radiation, and relative humidity. During football practice on synthetic surfaces and no roof, solar radiation causes an important temperature increase of the playing surface. This technical note explains how heat stress is calculated according to the WBGT index (which does not consider playing surface temperature), and quantifies the increase in a synthetic surface compared to natural grass on the same site. Football practice should be avoided during those hours with the highest solar radiation and temperature on this type of surface.

Dice Cook que, antes de comenzar un estudio serio de pragmatismo (pragmatics, el estudio del uso de la lengua) debemos considerar el significado literal de las oraciones. Con el propósito de establecer los puntos en que ambas gramáticas coinciden y para obtener un beneficio del trabajo de análisis realizado en ambos campos, Cook establece una comparación entre la Gramática de Casos y la Semántica Generativa.

En esta nota se ofrecen las razones por las cuales se deben elaborar artículos científicos construidos de acuerdo con las normas internacionales establecidas y los principios de rigurosidad y originalidad necesarios para que sean aprobados por los árbitros especialistas en el campo. Además, se desarrollan varias ideas relacionadas con la ética del escritor, destacando las buenas prácticas y aclarando lo que no debe hacerse. Se concluye que solo con buenos artículos, los profesionales e investigadores costarricenses pueden contribuir a mejorar los aportes científicos y profesionales que se puedan generar en el país. De igual manera, las revistas científicas costarricenses mejorarán su visibilidad y aportes a la ciencia mundial.

This paper revisits the online documentation of Eduardo Kac’s work Genesis (1999) in order to address the problematic of embodiment as it emerges in the process of specta(c)torship afforded by this work. The central piece of Genesis consisted in a genetically modified bacteria which incorporated an artist-designed synthetic gene created by translating into DNA base pairs a sentence from the biblical book of Genesis. The reading that I propose problematizes the meaning of the human body in view of the complex entanglement of living and technological systems that appears in this work. Relying on elements from the archival theory formulated by Jacques Derrida, this paper reads Genesis as an attempt to playfully undo the origin (the human master of nature, and the associated duality between culture and nature) form inside the very history that this origin grounds, by folding into one another the cultural archive of the written biblical fragment, the technological archive that makes the work possible, and the DNA as an archive of chemical sequences that constitutes the fundament of life. The article also raises the question of how to address environmental crisis from a perspective that does not rely on the figure of the human and on the nature/culture divide.

This paper offers a critical biography revealing certain historical intersections and divisions between Western art and science and points to specific moments where they have worked together through an exclusionary version of liberal humanism. This version of liberal humanism was often constructed through the dehumanization of women, people of color, people with disabilities and sexual minorities who were relegated to the non-human, the almost human, the animal or the monstrous. As part of the methods, it offers a critical genealogy, sifting through the cultural vestiges of art, science, philosophy, medicine, atlases, illustrations, colonial and eugenic discourses, feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories, and visual culture in order to recover and reconstruct specific connections between art and science in different historical periods (from the late 1400so the present). By drawing attention to the fact that “the human” has been a shifting and unstable signifier, this paper concludes that both Western art and science have the ability to help co-construct humanity by formulating new more equitable assemblages or the power to magnify already existing power disparities.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the essential features of a Management Information System (MIS), designed and implemented at the Universidad de Otavalo to support strategic planning, institutional evaluation, and decision making. A five-phase and fifteen-stage process was applied, along with their corresponding techniques and expected results. Based on the literature review and their experience with the implementation, the authors devised a novel MIS implementation approach, comprising the following phases: planning, information analysis, MIS design, implementation and evaluation. The MIS consisted of four main modules: teaching, research, linkages with society, and management, and was based on the client-server model. The literature review did not yield any publications that discussed truly integrated management information systems applied to university management covering the four main modules, thus confirming the originality of the work described in this paper. The MIS implementation results contributed to the improvement of the management of the university through the automation of most of the processes and activities related to institutional planning and evaluation, and considerably accelerated the processing and analysis of useful information for decision making.

This article paper explores the evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing courses and the importance of calibration in writing evaluations. The role of calibration has received little attention in language contexts, while the role of artificial intelligence has gained increased attention in the last couple of years. This investigation, conducted from August 2022 to March 2023, involved eight TESOL students enrolled in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) major at a Costa Rican public university, ten TESOL university professors, and one AI piece of software. It used a quantitative, quasi-experimental design, and a language elicitation data collection process. Data was collected by means of a rubric-based writing assessment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data analyses indicate that: 1) human-created paragraphs (X̄ = 7,56) and AI writing (X̄ = 7,61) yield similar results when evaluated; 2) some criteria may favor human creativity or computer, rule-oriented writing; and 3) professors’ ratings reveal inconsistencies when grading human writing in particular. These findings demonstrate that AI matches, at least to a basic level, human writing skills. Furthermore, data show that students may be falling behind in aspects such as grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. Finally, the analysis indicates that professors’ grading lacks consistency, and a calibration model should be incorporated as part of regular training workshops.

Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Costa Rica is considered as an important alternative for the insertion of the young population into the labor market. However, despite the increasing importance of TVET there is a lack of institutionalized research activities, so that research efforts on TVET mainly remain in the background. The aim of this paper is to present and examine the level of institutionalization of TVET research in Costa Rica and the associated needs, challenges, and demands. Therefore, qualitative research, with an exploratory scope, was conducted between December 2022 and June 2023, for which a literature review on TVET research and semi-structured interviews with sixteen experts were carried out. The results revealed, that from 2020 to date, there has been an increase in the number of research activities in TVET and in the number of publications in Costa Rican journals. Nevertheless, TVET institutions in Costa Rica show low capacities in terms of personnel and financial resources to conduct TVET research. The main conclusion is that the level of institutionalization of TVET Research in Costa Rica is in its infancy, but has potential for growth, for which it is necessary to establish public TVET policies that include TVET research.