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This paper considers measures against harmful tax competition in the European Union. In this paper the author deals with the concept of harmful tax competition and points to the official attitude of the European union in the terms of tax harmonization and tax competition, including fair and harmful tax competition. Because of the consequences of harmful tax competition for the functioning of the Common market, at the level of the Europan union there are a lot of efforts in order to effectively counter harmful tax competition. This paper also considers the role of the European Court of Justice in the fight against harmful tax competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the legal significance of subsidies from the aspect of provision of free and fair competition in international trade. Due to its implications and significance, both in terms of liberalisation of international trade and in terms of protection of national economic interests against unfair acts of foreign importers, this issue belongs to the corps of current and disputable issues in foreign trade law. The paper analyses primarily the concept of protection of subsidies in our new foreign trade legislation, naturally in correlation with supra-national international legal rules in the subject field that have emerged within the World Trade Organisation and European Union. Our legal system has long been handicapped because of the lack of quality pieces of legislation that would sanction unfair competition in international trade based on the above-mentioned grounds. The process of liberalisation of our foreign trade system and constant foreign trade deficit make the problem of protection of our own economy and creating of appropriate defence instrumentation more and more urgent. That is why the development of adequate rules on subsidies through enactment of the Law on Foreign Trade Operations from 2005 makes a significant step forward in this field. The relevant legal rules of our positive law observe basically the standards of the EU and WTO legislation. However, it is not sufficient to enact new regulations harmonised with international standards but it is necessary to provide conditions and accompanying institutional capacities for their interpretation and implementation, which is the field that we are traditionally in deficit with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries have possibility to choose between several alternatives for cooperation in international tax matters at global level. They can decide not to cooperate or provide some form of tax cooperation. Because of harmful tax competition among countries and efforts of international organizations, all countries in the world are oblidged to comply with one of multiple alternatives for tax cooperation. Situation in European Union (hereinafter EU) is specific. EU is not country or classic international organization. By the reason of its successful functioning, EU has need for tax cooperation. EU has attempted to harmonise tax policies of member states, but member states did not approve that. Only indirect taxes are harmonized on EU level, direct taxes are harmonized only to the point necessarily for functioning of single market. That is why tax cooperation instruments are so important. Object of this paper are procedures and measures, stipulated by the most important instrument in the field of tax cooperation enacted by institutions of EU, its development and status in international tax law. Regulatives and directives in field of tax cooperation in the EU are 'pioneers' in tax matters. EU instruments provide standards which are subsequently accepted by several international organizations - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations (UN). Our purpose is to present positive and negative aspects of tax cooperation in the EU. In time of crisis efficient tax cooperation provides higher revenues for the member states, on the other hand, taxpayers and tax administrations have increased expenses as result of tax cooperation which are not fairly distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerations of the export potential of the agrarian complex (as an economic subsystem of pre-farming, farming, and post-farming activities) and the place it occupies in the national economic structure are most frequently reduced to an analysis of the movement of the volume and structure of export and import, i.e. the balance of the foreign trade of agricultural products. Given the specific nature of agricultural production, the subject matter of the paper is the agricultural products and foodstuff, i.e. the entire commodity sectors or only certain subsectors (according to the international classification) into which products of agricultural origin are classified. On the other hand, the analysis also includes agrarian inputs (equipment, pesticides, and fertilizers), which can be identified as products intended for agriculture. By exploring the structural significance of the agri-food sector in Serbian economy, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of foreign trade exchange, in particular the sectoral dynamics and changes in the volume and structure of agrarian export. This is the basis on which the internal competitiveness of certain commodity sectors is established, export potentials are identified, and opportunity costs of Serbian agricultural foreign trade are indicated by means of a targeted comparative analysis of several annual series of data (2005-2011) using specific methods of analysis of the total and intra-agrarian relative coverage of import by export (coefficient calculation and ranking). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the necessity for a new human resource management approach based on competencies as the key foundation in response to exigencies of the global economic crisis, with a focus on Serbia. The World Economic Forum reports from the onset of the crisis up to today are analyzed to demonstrate a decline in the key areas of human resource competitiveness, which contributed to an overall decline in the competitiveness of Serbia. Special attention is given to education, as a factor of competitiveness, and to changes in corporate management. The paper explains the concept and significance of competence-based HR policies, concluding with: the lessons learned from the European Union policies that center education reform on competence- based approaches aimed at enhancing competitiveness; and with relevant recommendations for Serbia and Serbian companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the business environment whose critical driving factors are information revolution, technology, and globalization, changes are frequent and present in all spheres of social life. Furthermore, their intensity and dynamics make a company's business unpredictable and risky. In order to successfully respond to changes in the environment, the company itself needs to be changed. Preservation and improvement of the company's competitive position requires willingness to accept change, flexibility, innovation, and identification and definition of critical success factors. Timely delivery of a quality product at a lower price than the competitor's is the primary orientation of managers in a global and dynamic environment. In this regard, this paper first analyzes quality as a key factor of success and then time as a key factor for improving company competitiveness, with special emphasis on the performance measures inherent in both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no universal answer on the question whether foreign investments stimulate economic development. The positive effect of foreign direct investments will follow when the investments is carried out under normal conditions of competition. That means, above all, low barriers for foreign trade and the low level of restrictions for foreign owned companies. In such circumstances, multinational corporations can assist the economies of penetration to make its businesses more efficient. Foreign investors bring with them brand new types of economic activities and in that way shifting the limits of business opportunities in the countries of penetration. But if the investments are implemented in markets protected with protectionist barriers of various kinds, then they could have negative effects. The negative effects are in particularly reflected in the inefficient use of domestic resources. Foreign investments depend on the macro and micro institutional reforms, low inflation, real exchange rate, and reasonably efficient legal system that protects the property rights and encourages savings and investment. The low level of corruption, together with the foregoing conditions is a prerequisite for the creation of a stimulating environment for foreign investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The autors through the representation of the Commission work for the competition protection, represent its advantages and shorthands. They find problems and according to them they find the solution for the promotion of the Commission work. As far as the promotion itself is concerned, on one hand it refers to giving bigger competence to the Commission, on the other hand it refers to the promotion of the Law about the protection of the competition. Through analyses it is taken in concern both the work of the Commission for the protection of Republic Serbia competition and the Agency work for the market competition of Republic Croatia and Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]