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The subject of the paper is methodological approaches, tools and methods of controlling for the of forming and implementing purpose to a company’s strategy based on a comprehensive retrospective analysis, realistic budgets and business plans, and assessing the impact of aggressive environmental factors. The study’s goal is to improve the system of information and analytical support of controlling functions in the strategic management system. A set of General scientific, analytical, economic methods and tools used to study the management system of economic entities is used to substantiate the scientific hypothesis, methodological provisions within the research topic, generalize the empirical base, and develop practical proposals for improving the mechanism and managing of the strategic controlling. There was used a complex of analytical and economic methods and tools used to study the system of managing the economic activities of economic entities. This has been made to substantiate the scientific hypothesis, methodological provisions, generalize the empirical base and develop practical proposals for improving the mechanism and organization of strategic controlling. For the theoretical basis development, there was expanded the author’s definition of financial controlling is proposed, and the classification of types of strategies to ensure the financial stability of the organization. In terms of the practical orientation of the research results, which have a universal character and can be used in enterprises of various spheres of business activity, proposals for improving the information and analytical system of strategic controlling are formulated.

Theaimof the article is to clarify the basics of the digitalization strategy of the competitive businesses and identify features of the institutional environment that ensure the development of cryptocurrency as a new asset (IT product) of the modern economy, analyze the methods of implementing the cryptocurrency business models. Therelevanceof the research paper is determined by the need to develop a competitive Russian cryptocurrency (including the cryptoruble) with the growing private, state and cross-national cryptocurrencies. Thescientific noveltyof the study implies clarifying the informal and formal rules of the institutional environment and related methods ensuring the development of a competitive cryptocurrency. The authors consider the followingmethodsto implement the institutional features of the cryptocurrencies business model development: logic and blockchain algorithm that establish trust and collaboration between cryptocurrency developers; logic and blockchain consensus algorithm ensuring that all the parties of the blockchain network come to a common agreement (consensus); logic and blockchain algorithms that form cryptocurrency transactions and control its turnover by generating blocks of cryptocurrencies, by forming the structure of blocks and transactions of cryptocurrencies, by storing cryptocurrencies’ keys and providing security, by mining (forging) cryptocurrency, etс.Theresultsof the study provide a basis for identifying the institutional features and the corresponding methods providing a competitive cryptocurrency development with a detailed analysis of the blockchain consensus algorithms that ensure the competitiveness of the cryptocurrency. Theconclusionsshow that the most promising are the hybrid consensus algorithms which may include both the logic of two or more known algorithms and the original logic of a new algorithm. The authorsrecommenddefining the logic of the blockchain consensus algorithm as a priority when developing a cryptocurrency to ensure reliability of the transactions in the blockchain network, thus increasing the competitiveness of the cryptocurrency.

Introduction. The paper considers problems of creating information support for solving the task of assessing the maturity level of an organization. It is proposed to use intelligent information systems, i.e. expert systems. Substantive aspects of various stages of creating such systems are briefly described; the expert system architecture, which is based on using a fuzzy expert knowledge base, is given. The work objective was to create new software to solve the problem of assessing the maturity level of an organization. Materials and Methods. Previously performed modeling of the subject domain under consideration allowed us to create a knowledge base in the form of production memory, which is the basis of the fuzzy inference mechanism. The software is written in PHP and is suitable for embedding in complex web applications. The software system is a web application written primarily in PHP and JavaScript. The software works in all modern web browsers, which accelerates significantly the implementation and deployment based on both the parent-enterprise and its subsidiaries. Results. New software has been created to automate the processing of questionnaires during the organization’s selfassessment based on key indicators, as well as considering 6 main groups of the quality management system indicators. Application of the program will significantly speed up the process of input and processing of expert information required for self-assessment. The program provides organizations to get an adequate idea of the opportunities and prospects for improving the organization’s quality management system. Some fragments of the software system interface are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed software can be used to determine the level of maturity of an organization. The application of Web-technologies improves usability, reduces software support costs. The software can be both deployed in the existing network infrastructure of a customer and used by all the functionality through connecting to a remote server. The software is optimized for various screen resolutions, which allows you to use it not only at the central office, but also when analyzing the quality management system of corporate customers. The traffic generated by the web application is optimized for working with mobile devices with a low-speed Internet connection. Application of the program will significantly reduce the time for users to enter and process expert information required for the problem solving and to eliminate duplication of information.

Introduction. Improving the quality and operational reliability of welded structures of power equipment is an urgent task of welding production. Its solution is possible on the basis of the development or selection of advanced methods and technologies of electroslag welding (ESW), which eliminate the causes of the formation of tempering cracks (TC) in thick-plate welds. This paper considers a comparative assessment and recommendations on the selection of such advanced ESW methods. The work objectives are to solve the problem of forming a fine-grained, uniform, crack-resistant metal structure of a welded joint with high mechanical characteristics and to reduce the negative impact of the ESW thermal cycle on the base metal. The solution to this problem is possible on the basis of a reasonable choice of methods and technologies for ESW with regulated (controlled) thermal cycle. Materials and Methods. A comparative analysis of advanced methods and technologies of ESW with a controlled thermal cycle is carried out; a comparison of their pros and cons is provided; practical recommendations on the selection of advanced methods for controlling the thermal cycle parameters are offered. Results. It is shown that moderate heat input at high-speed ESW in a narrow gap provides a single pass to form a welded joint with a finer-grained structure and high mechanical properties compared to the in-house technologies of ESW and automatic submerged-arc welding. Recommendations for practical use of the method in welding production are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained are recommended to be used in the development of ESW technology for thick-sheet welded structures of nuclear and thermal power equipment that enables to abandon postwelding heat treatment (normalization and high tempering).

Introduction. The creation of new types of bucket working bodies of excavators through synthesizing technical solutions to improve the transporting functions of the bottom is considered. These solutions are based on reducing the resistance and energy consumption under digging-in and scooping due to the transition from sliding friction to rolling friction during the movement of the rock mass along the bottom of the bucket. Materials and Methods. Analysis of the bulk materials handling processes using existing loading appliances identified design flaws that affect the efficiency of their operation. Advanced design diagrams of loading bodies were searched on the basis of the accumulated experience and the study of the morphological features of the existing equipment. Combinatorial analysis of possible combinations of elements with their various qualitative compositions, mutual arrangement, imposed links, and synthesis of new technical solutions for loading and transportation modules are carried out. Results. The results of the morphological synthesis implementation were the systematization and development of designs of bucket working bodies with a bottom in the form of a roller surface and a closed belt, as well as with a conveyor-type drive mechanism. The application of rollers as a supporting surface of a loaded rock mass causes a decrease in friction forces and in the power capacity of the work process. In addition, rotating rollers provide uniform abrasion of the working surface, which increases significantly the time to the equipment breakdown and increases the process efficiency. Working bodies with a drive mechanism make it possible to activate the interaction of the conveyor bottom in the form of a closed belt with the rock mass and, as a result, to accelerate the process of filling the bucket container. Discussion and Conclusions. The bucket working bodies described in the paper compare favorably with existing analogues in that they provide a reduction in the time to digging-in, scooping and unloading, a decrease in specific energy consumption, an increase in bucket filling, which ultimately contributes to an increase in productivity. A slight increase in the structural complexity and cost of the working body causes additional capital costs, which are paid back within two to four months.

The research is aimed at profound study of the influence of the "machine" factor (M) in the "human-machineanimal" system ("H-M-A") with the detailed description of the functions performed by "M", taking into account the convey of "M" control and control functions from the subsystems "human-operator" (HO) and "animal" (A). The paper presents the scheme of transformation and expansion of machine functionality in a biotechnical system; mathematical modeling of the dependence of technological signals controlled by the functions of local biotechnological systems (LBTS); mathematical model of diagnostic signals about the corresponding parameters of technical blocks of LBTS. Algorithmization and digitalization of processes on a dairy farm include an extended list of control indicators: technological signals, diagnostic signals and "alarm" signals presented in the article in matrix form. Monitoring the parameters of the most important subsystem "M" of the complex biotechnical system "H-M-A" of a dairy farm provides an increase in the level of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of the corresponding processes of milking, feeding, manure removal and others which creates prerequisites for improving their work and servicing animals as well as increasing the level of autonomy of their functioning. The development of the "machine" factor of the system is advisable on the basis of the machine-centric model of the LBTS, which will gradually expand its functions due to the transferred control and management functions from the corresponding subsystems "HO" and "A". The control parameters are determined at the characteristic reference points of the quarter curves of milk output for the development of refined algorithms for controlling the milking processes of individual udder shares in automated and robotic milking machines of the new generation. A graphical and numerical model of a wheeled feed-pusher robot in the Matlab/Simulink environment is shown. The created mathematical model of motion control by a wheeled feed-pusher robot provides effective interaction of the positioning system and the wheeedl robot drive in digital of autonomous movement.

Introduction. The development of a mathematical model of one-parameter shaping of a toothed product is considered. As an example, shaping of the side surface of the teeth of the Novikov gearing is studied; the mode and magnitude of the change in the shaping error heightwise the wheel tooth are shown. The work objective was to develop a mathematical model of the surface of the product teeth as a generating surface envelope of the tool. A computational and experimental study is carried out. The mathematical models obtained can be used in devices with copiers when shaping the side surface of the teeth of the Novikov gear. As an example, we consider the deviation behavior of the teeth profile of the Novikov gear with the original profile of DLZ 0.7-0.15 Materials and Methods. When building the model and studying its characteristics, the mathematical tools of the gearing theory, calculation procedure for cylindrical gears (A.A. Silich’s author development) were used. The paper proposes new mathematical models of the equations of the lateral surface of the gear teeth formed with a tool whose axial profile coincides with the original one. In the model under consideration, the tool moves along the axis of the product while the latter rotates on its axis. In the course of the study, numerical modeling was carried out to determine the error value in shaping the product profile using the tool. Results. New mathematical models and software have been developed for numerical simulation of the shaping of a toothed product using a tool with one independent motion parameter. An algorithm has also been developed to determine the deviation error of the real profile from the nominal one for the tooth of the Novikov gear. Solutions to accurately reproduce the tooth profile are provided. Discussion and Conclusions. The parametric method of analytical description of the surface used in the work simplifies the calculation of the cutting tool displacements in the problems of numerical control. Solving the problem of synthesizing the technology of workpiece surface treatment on metal-cutting machines provides the development of a description of the entire shaping process and requires the representation of the workpiece surface in the form of a mathematical model. The results obtained can be used under creating finishing methods for processing teeth when improving the quality of gear wheels and gear drives, as well as production efficiency.

The article addresses the issues of the particular terminology for fire forensic investigations. Definitions for the basic parameters of a fire hazardous area, determining its susceptibility to ignition, and their relationship to the impulses initiating such areas’ combustion are analyzed.Two main tasks of forensic fire examinations are reviewed: establishing the technical cause of a fire, its organizational cause, and consequences. The author gives definitions for these tasks and the term “ignition source”.The paper’s relevance stems from the need to prevent mistakes in terminology when conducting a forensic fire investigation. The article may be of use for practicing experts and specialists in fire forensics’ theory and practice.

A method of risk assessment of an aircraft on-board information system is being considered, which allows ensuring reliability and safety of such a complex system in operation. This technique implies application of combined mathematical tools to estimate the risks that complex systems/items are being exposed to. The existing risk assessment methods are not flexible enough to solve the complex task of enhancing comprehensive safety of an aircraft information system (AIS) due to difficulty in unifying the criteria for estimating the degree of hazard in reference to all safety concepts. Currently, risks severity and mechanism for the development of one undesirable event (risk event) into more complex forms during technical operation of an aircraft items/system are not being considered. However, the method proposed in this article intends to become a catalyst for generation of new criteria on a unified basis for estimating safety of such a technical complex system such as AIS, since it contains three-component risk parameters. I.e. the risk for threats from violators (cases of unlawful interference (UI)), vulnerabilities (functional hazards that contribute to UI and its development in a system) and loss (set of criteria that evaluates consequences of UI). As a result, these criteria and parameters of threecomponent safety will allow us to find a new approach to determining the complex risk to which important aircraft systems, such as on-board aircraft information systems, are exposed. This article presents a method for determining risk that takes into account the three-component safety concept. Together, these components will make it possible to evaluate technical systems hazard degree, taking into account their sophistication. The information provided in this paper by the authors is a scientific hypothesis designed to draw attention of the scientific community to the problem of lack of methods for evaluating multicomponent risks in such a system as AIS. The article presents the basic criteria for evaluating a complex three-component risk; they are not sufficient for the full formation of new criteria for evaluating the safety of a complex aircraft system/item and requires clarification of their parameters. Thus, this work is not absolute as a complete solution to the complex problem of enhancing comprehensive safety of AIS, but only offers a methodology for unifying the three safety components to evaluate complex risk.

Purpose of the study. The rapidly developing processes of the formation of the digital economy affect various spheres of human life in modern society, inevitably changing the educational environment. The aim of the work is to analyze the main development trends and emerging transformation processes in the field of higher education under the influence of growing digitalization and digital transformation of various aspects of human life.Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a dynamic, structural analysis of analytical and statistical information about the processes taking place in this area was used, as well as methods of theoretical research: analysis and generalization.Results. The pace of development of the digital economy in the modern world is very rapid, due to which the life of a number of professions is shortened, and changes affecting the content of labor contribute to the emergence of new ones. Based on this, it is necessary to understand the main directions of development in higher education, since personnel training is one of the most important components of the digitalization of the economy. The paper formulates the main directions for the development of education using digital technologies for the training of qualified specialists who meet the requirements of the digital economy and outlines a number of problems that the educational system will face in the process of transformation.Conclusion. The spread of digital and information technologies contributes to significant transformations in various fields of human activity and the sphere of higher education is no exception. The format of the digital economy is quite mobile, which leads to the fact that some specialties will emerge, others will lose their importance and disappear more or less rapidly, and also under the influence of constant and fairly rapid changes, the requirements for training will change. Considering the high mobility and variability of the current situation both in the economy and in the field of higher education, there is a need for constant adjustment of educational programs taking into account the ongoing changes. The rapid development of new knowledge and technologies, and many other reasons, contribute to significant transformations of higher education systems around the world. At the same time, considering the speed of changes, it is quite difficult at the present time to assess the entire range of challenges and problems that face the sphere of higher education. Separate sections of the work have been published earlier in a number of articles by the author devoted to this problem.

Current trends in the design of electronic systems is the use of embedded systems based on systems on a chip (System-on-Chip (SoC)) or (VLSI SoC). The paper discusses the design features of electronic systems on a chip using the SystemC design and verification language. For the joint design and simulation of digital systems hardware and software, seven modeling levels are presented and discussed: executable specification, disabled functional model, temporary functional model, transaction-level model, behavioral hardware model, accurate hardware model, register transfer model. The SystemC design methodology with functional verification is presented, which reduces development time.The architecture of the SystemC language and its main components are shown. The expansion of SystemC–AMS for analog and mixed analog-digital signals and its use cases in the design of electronic systems are considered. Computing models are discussed: temporary data stream (TDF), linear signal stream (LSF) and electric linear networks (ELN). The architecture of the SystemC–AMS language standard is shown and examples of its application are given. It is shown that the design languages SystemC and SystemC–AMS are widely used by leading developers of computer-aided design systems for electronic devices.

Currently, due to the increase in the average speed of vehicles to ensure their visibility, the luminous intensity of their lightning equipment is constantly increasing, that can lead to blindness of other road users, especially at night. On the other hand, if you do not increase the luminous intensity if lanterns, a vehicle will not be noticeable in difficult road conditions (fog, rain, dust) and it can cause an accident. To eliminate this contradiction, a fundamentally new modular design of the adaptive rear combined vehicle light with non-replaceable light sources based on single powerful light emitting diodes and effective secondary optics of large diameter has been developed in the paper. The design provides for the use of an integrated microcontroller to control luminous intensity of its lights, depending on the conditions of external illumination, braking dynamics of a car and surface condition of a lamp diffuser with the possibility of transmitting data via a CAN-bus. Thanks to the built-in microcontroller, the developed flashlight is suitable for installation on vehicles without an on-board computer. These properties allow the flashlight to ensure visibility of a vehicle, and to avoid blinding the remaining road users. The design of the adaptive lamp is small in thickness (up to 40 mm), high luminous efficiency (at least 85 %) and reliability. The conducted lightning tests have shown that the developed lamp fully complies with UN Regulation No 6, 7, 23, 38, 48. The design has been compared with existing analogues of foreign production, which showed that such a lamp consumes less energy (30 %) and has a lower probability of failure due to the use of high-power LEDs used as a light source.

For any company that sells its products in the networks of city stores, the urgent issue is the optimal delivery of their goods. During routing it is necessary to take into account many restrictions caused by specific conditions of transportation process in the city: number of cargoes, nature of cargoes, delivery time, structure of fleet and its presence, work time of enterprises for load matching, drivers’ working hours, loading capacity, road congestion etc. These days, the process of efficient manual routing is difficult because of many restrictions and delivery points wherein it is almost impossible to take into account the road congestion for specific routes. Today's companies are increasingly interested in outsourcing. One of the options for routes planning for enterprises is to use special software products that allow to plan optimal routes according to the chosen criteria and under specific conditions. The process of formation of routes using the Ant Logistics service, based on the Ant Colony optimization algorithm are analysed in the paper. Comparing the two options of forming routes to serve one of the largest retail chains in Kharkiv with the application of Ant Logistics service, it has been elucidated that the application of Ant Colony algorithm is more optimal than the Clarke-Wright algorithm based on delivery routes indicators.

The control system sensors failures can cause the aircraft stability and controllability deterioration. Such failures fast and reliable inflight detection and localization allows minimization their consequences and prevention of an accident. Direct application of traditional parametric methods for sensors health monitoring with the use of their mathematical models is impossible due to the lack of information about the real inputs on their sensitive elements. This leads to the need for the problem of aircraft flight dynamics modeling with a high level of uncertainties to be solved, which complicates the application of functional test methods and determines the necessity of excessive sensors hardware redundancy. Widely known nonparametric methods either require a prior knowledge base, preliminary training, or long-term tuning on a large real flight data volume, or have low selective sensitivity for the failed sensors reliable localization. This paper expands the application of the well-known nonparametric failure detection criterion, based on the analysis of the linear dependence of the input-output data Hankel matrix columns and solution of the sensor failures localizing problem. Necessary and sufficient solvability conditions are given, the structure and the criterion values are determined in an analytical form before and after the failures occurrence. The proposed method does not require functional or hardware redundancy, prior information about the parameters of mathematical models and their stability, identification, observation, or prediction problems solution. The efficiency of the method is shown on the Boeing 747–100/200 longitudinal model example. Fast tuning, fast response and selective sensitivity of the developed algorithms are noted.

The aim of the work is to comparatively evaluate the sizes of FIFO and LIFO stacks required for image segmentation based on growing regions. The coordinates (y, x) of the pixels that need to be attached to the cultivated area are placed in stacks during the segmentation process. The size of the stack needed to store the coordinates depends on the structure of the image and cannot be determined before segmentation. To avoid stack overflow, its size is determined for maximum load conditions when the image contains a single maximum area. In this case, the stack size is equal to the image size. This approach does not take into account the process of stack unloading and leads to memory overrun. Expressions are obtained in the paper that allow one to increase the accuracy of determining the sizes of FIFO and LIFO stacks necessary for storing the coordinates of adjacent pixels in a segmentation algorithm based on growing regions under maximum load conditions. In this case, the initial position of the region growth point and the direction of the selection of adjacent pixels in the scanning window are taken into account. A comparative assessment of the stack sizes required for image segmentation showed that using the FIFO stack is preferable to the LIFO stack and leads to significant memory savings.

The introduction of the state paradigm of Smart Government allows governments to transform states or individual regions into intelligent ecosystems that use the latest technologies to improve the quality of municipal and state services, create business environments for sustainable economic development, reduce costs and stimulate economical consumption of natural resources. The lack of a consistent conceptual framework as a theoretical platform for the phenomenon of Smart Government inhibits further research and the solving of practical problems in this field. The paper aims to tackle the problem of the ambiguous definition of Smart Government. The methodological basis embraces the theory of network society and the concept of Society of Knowledge. The research method is a scientometric analysis of publications on the formation of Smart Government as a supreme form of e-Government presented in scientific and analytical publications over the past twenty years. The research analyses the key interpretations of Smart Government, identifies its fundamental characteristics and formulates the authors’ integrated definition of the phenomenon. The findings show that the issue under discussion gained in popularity during the period of 2014–2019. The study identifies authors and consulting companies that develop models for the transition to smart management both at regional and state levels. It also deals with the sectoral and thematic structure of the publication flow on the issue and reveals the problem of ambiguity of the Smart Government definition. Using semantic analysis, the authors propose their own definition of the concept of Smart Government, which is a developed e-Government based on open management that integrates physical, digital, public and private environments for passive and active interaction and cooperation with citizens so as to support sustainable and flexible development of services and opportunities provided. Five structural elements of the Smart Government are identified by the method of structural-logical analysis: smart indicators, smart goals, smart solutions, technology platform, and technologies. The current research can serve as a theoretical basis for creating smart government transition methods.

Dangerous viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to human life and health, as their uncontrolled spread leads to the development of major outbreaks and epidemics. Rapid and accurate detection of the pathogen is an essential component of the fight against infectious diseases. This review is devoted to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is one of the simplest and most reliable methods of molecular-genetic research that meets modern requirements. The simplicity of the analysis and registration of the obtained results, which is necessary under conditions with minimal laboratory capacities, makes it possible to consider this type of diagnostic technology as the most promising, which allows us to identify genetic markers (DNA or RNA) of pathogens of dangerous infectious diseases in the shortest possible time. Objective of the review is to summarize and systematize the data available to date on the use of LAMP for detecting RNA of dangerous infectious diseases caused by the Ebola,Marburg and Lassa viruses. The paper discusses the basic principles of the loop isothermal amplification reaction, the components that make up the reaction mixture and are used for the analysis, as well as methods for detecting the results obtained. When studying the information available in the literature sources about the advantages and disadvantages of LAMP, it is shown that in many cases, isothermal amplification is not inferior in sensitivity and specificity to the main molecular-genetic diagnostic methods currently used. Modifications that can be used for accelerated diagnostics of RNA-containing viruses are also considered.

The paper considers the implementing problem of applied projects in the digital economy development. There is substantiated the relevance of applied projects analysis as an innovative component of the digital economy. The methodological basis of the study includes theories of the processes development of informatization and digitalization of the economy. There have been proposed an integrated analysis methodology of applied projects, multicriteria models for calculating the aggregate indicator of four analysis types included in the integrated methodology. Also, there have been developed the principles for calculating aggregate indicators and determined the weight values of each factor. The study proposes the formula for calculation and author’s gradation of the integral indicator of applied projects analysis as the aggregate indicators sum of four analysis types. Based on the analysis results, the company’s top management is able to formulate recommendations on strengthening the bottlenecks of the company for the implementation of applied projects.

The paper considers the algorithmic possibility of the image rejection method. The main resulting characteristics of circuits implementing the above method are presented. The simulation model allows estimating the selectivity coefficient as a function of the phase and amplitude imbalance of the circuit branches. Mathematical and circuit simulations were conducted. The results of different modeling methods coincide, and the simulation results verify the possibility of implementing the image rejection method. On the basis of this model it is possible to provide a high level (at least 40 dB) of image rejection by amplitude and phase circuit imbalance compensation. The dependence of the noise level at the output of the image rejection circuit as a function of the circuit elements frequency characteristics is given. The results of this work could be used for further practical implementation of above mentioned method at the stage of selecting elements based on an analysis of their characteristics. The simulation model could be used to select required radioelements and to estimate image rejection level. It is possible to estimate the level of image channel suppression, the noise level and the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the image rejection circuit by using the above mentioned mathematical models and characteristics of the selected elements for practical implementation of the circuit. The effect of the broadband phase shifters on the noise level is considered with the implementation of the above method as an example. It was shown that ensuring a high level of selectivity in order to minimize the noise level of the image channel is advisable only up to some values (about 25 dB). Further improvement of selectivity, for example, by minimizing the phase and amplitude balances, or mutual compensation of the mixer and phase shifter branch imbalances are necessary, if there are requirements for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. It is shown that it is possible to ensure selectivity of up to 25 dB and a noise level reduction of 2.5-3 dB if the amplitude imbalance of the circuit is up to 1 dB, and the phase imbalance is up to 5 deg. in the required frequency band.

The currently existing deterministic models for determination of structure service life do not take into account to the full extent variety of factors that have an effect on them and also stochastic characteristics of the used natural materials and conditions for manufacturing construction products, possible errors during the process of designing and construction etc. More trustworthy approach determining longevity and growth rate of destruction processes for structures in future periods can be obtained with the help of statistic methods that take into account a probabilistic essence of the process. The paper presents a possible approach of the probabilistic analysis on reinforced concrete structure service life while assessing rates of variation in depth growth of carbonization in a concrete protective layer on the basis of the existing experimental and calculated data pertaining to changes of the given index in reinforced concrete structures of various types. Variability of the existing approaches for determination of structure longevity as a whole has been shown firstly due to various number of basic vаriables used in calculations. Stochastic processing of the data on parameters of carbonization depth in the concrete protective layer has been carried out and this processing has made it possible to determine variation rates which allow to assess the presupposed service life of reinforced concrete structures having similar characteristics and being operated under analogous conditions. A definitive non-uniformity in statistic indices has been established that testifies about the necessity to increase accumulation of data on the investigated characteristics and to execute its processing more thoroughly. An expedience in usage of a concrete impermeability as a main factor determining its longevity has been established on the basis of statistical assessment of the existing data.

Machine learning is applied in every field of human activity using digital data. In recent years, many papers have been published concerning artificial intelligence use in classification, regression and segmentation purposes in medicine and in ophthalmology, in particular. Artificial intelligence is a subsection of computer science and its principles, and concepts are often incomprehensible or used and interpreted by doctors incorrectly. Diagnostics of ophthalmology patients is associated with a significant amount of medical data that can be used for further software processing. By using of machine learning methods, it’s possible to find out, identify and count almost any pathological signs of diseases by analyzing medical images, clinical and laboratory data. Machine learning includes models and algorithms that mimic the architecture of biological neural networks. The greatest interest in the field is represented by artificial neural networks, in particular, networks based on deep learning due to the ability of the latter to work effectively with complex and multidimensional databases, coupled with the increasing availability of databases and performance of graphics processors. Artificial neural networks have the potential to be used in automated screening, determining the stage of diseases, predicting the therapeutic effect of treatment and the diseases outcome in the analysis of clinical data in patients with diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, ocular tumors and concomitant pathology. The main characteristics were the size of the training and validation datasets, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve). A number of studies investigate the comparative characteristics of algorithms. Many of the articles presented in the review have shown the results in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, error values that exceed the corresponding indicators of an average ophthalmologist. Their introduction into routine clinical practice will increase the diagnostic, therapeutic and professional capabilities of a clinicians, which is especially important in the field of ophthalmic oncology, where there is a patient survival matter.

Introduction. A hardware basis of modern Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) consists of millimeterrange radars, characterized by a relatively short range (meters – tens of meters). At the same time, improving of traffic safety requires to increase the range at least to several hundred meters. The one way to achieve such values is to increase wavelength of a probing signal, to use the centimeter range of wavelengths, for example. The paper represents a detailed description of main steps of signal processing algorithm in the model of the ADAS low-power centimeter range radar, which provides fast-moving objects speed and range definition.Aim. Development of an algorithm for estimating the range and the speed of targets by an autocorrelation radar with a wide-band continuous linear frequency modulation (linear FM) signal in order to increase the rate of the ADAS system estimates formation.Materials and methods. The proposed algorithm is based on the methods of primary and secondary digital processing of radar signals. The model of a centimeter-range autocorrelation radar with a broadband continuous linear FM probing signal was used for practical researches. MATLAB software was used to process the received signal samples.Results. The algorithm has been developed to determine the speed and the range of fast-moving objects in conditions when their movement during the evaluation interval significantly exceeds the radar range resolution. The use of simplified Kalman filtering for inter-period secondary signal processing allowed to increase significantly the stability of the algorithm. In a full-scale experiment using the low-power radar model with continuous radiation of the centimeter range, it was shown that a stable assessment of a real car speed and range was provided at a distance of at least about one kilometer.Conclusion. The results of the field experiment make it possible to draw conclusions that the proposed algorithm is highly robust even in the absence of inter-period secondary processing. Its usage allows one to improve the stability of the algorithm without considerable additional computational costs. It is possible because near-linear dynamics of the observation object and of the radar carrier makes it sufficient to use a simplified implementation of Kalman filter in the form α-β-algorithm.

Objective of the study was to review the current normative-methodological documentation on the matters of safe handling of pathogenic biological agents (PBA) of the III–IV pathogenicity groups. Materials and methods. We used analytical method for the study. We carried out comparative analysis of the provisions contained in the current regulations approved at different times for different agencies on the matters of air filtering system equipping, usage of microbiological safety cabinets, ensuring hand washing station provision for laboratories, inspection of disinfectants entering a lab, and waste decontamination procedures. Results and discussion. We have considered the provisions of the current documentation that require further refinement and clarification for the future editions of sanitary regulations. Two aspects draw increasing attention: the problem of regulating the inlet and exhaust ventilation system setup in the laboratories of microbiological specialization for work with PBA and the need to devise a consistent coordinated regulatory framework. Examples provided in the paper demonstrate the necessity of adhering to the integrated unified approach to the requirements for biosafety provision in the documents of various agencies; clear wording; harmonized system of normative and technical specifications for laboratory equipment, stating the basic characteristics of microbiological safety cabinets and ventilation systems. The documents should be in compliance with the requirements of various agencies. The maintenance of technical-engineering systems should be performed by the specialists with an appropriate qualification on a regular basis.

Introduction. Signals constructed on the basis of ensembles of code sequences are widely used in digital communication systems. During development of such systems, the most attention is paid to analysis, synthesis and implementation of periodic signal ensembles. Theoretic methods for synthesis of periodic signal ensembles are developed and are in use. Considerably fewer results are received regarding construction of aperiodic signal ensembles with given properties. Theoretical methods for synthesis of such ensembles are practically nonexistent.Aim. To construct aperiodic Gold code ensembles with the best ratios of code length to ensemble volume among the most known binary codes.Materials and methods. Methods of directed search and discrete choice of the best ensemble based on unconditional preference criteria are used.Results. Full and truncated aperiodic Gold code ensembles with given length and ensemble volume were constructed. Parameters and shape of auto- and mutual correlation functions were shown for a number of constructed ensembles. Comparison of the paper results with known results for periodic Gold code ensembles has been conducted regarding growth of minimax correlation function values depending on code length and ensemble volume.Conclusion. The developed algorithms, unlike the known ones, make it possible to form both complete ensembles and ensembles taking into account the limitation of their volume. In addition, the algorithms can be extended to the tasks of forming ensembles from other families, for example, assembled from code sequences belonging to different families.

The authors has suggested a new mathematical approach to the inversion of vertical electric sounding (VES) data, which allows suppressing alternating interferences with an arbitrary distribution law, as well as conducting an approximate assessment of the quality of the results of quantitative interpretation. A necessary condition for its application is a close number of positive and negative interferences in the source data, the amplitude of the interference may exceed the value of the useful signal. The method is based on the concept of minimization of empirical risk (MER), which is implemented when choosing the optimal interpretation option from a previously constructed set of feasible solutions to the inverse VES problem. The expediency of use of the random search procedure in calculations is experimentally substantiated. The paper presents the model and practical examples of use of the MER method for the interpretation of individual VES and the simultaneous selection of geoelectric section parameters for several VES curves obtained on the same observation profile (quasi-one-dimensional inversion).

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on the results of video endoscopic examination is a promising area for supporting medical diagnostics and treatment planning for a wide range of pathologies. Nevertheless, the assessment of the results of such reconstruction and verification of the correspondence of the obtained three-dimensional model to the original scene is significantly challenging. As a solution to this problem, the possibility of using a modelling environment to emulate the process of obtaining source video endoscopic data from the generated scene is suggested. The problem of three-dimensional modelling of the esophagus using the Autodesk 3ds Max environment and the Arnold visualization engine is considered. The paper describes the procedural generation of textures for the model and proposes the using Periodic Spatial Generative Adversarial Network models based on convolutional neural networks. To compare the result of reconstruction with a scene, generated using the proposed modelling environment, an optimality criterion is introduced, by which the individual stages of the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm are compared when the model is optimized using the bundle adjustment method.

Introduction.The problem of increasing the efficiency of power machines is important to develop a new design of the main elements or drive with the possibility of widespread use of hybrid drives. To preserve the power characteristics of the drive and its technical and operational indicators, the authors consider a hybrid with the available electric and hydraulic drive parts that form a complex synergistic mechanism as an alternative. The proposed combined tracking system with the specified parameters allows for the efficient operation of the drive of many machines.Materials and methods.The paper presented the results of an analytical study, the prospects for the development of mechatronic systems in engineering and technological complexes. The research also identified the industry area with a high development potential for mechatronic and hybrid drives. The authors formulated the problem of designing and developing hybrid drives due to the fact that there was no single method for substantiating the energy efficiency indicators of a power hybrid drive that ensured the interaction of two dissimilar systems (electric drive and hydraulic drive with fundamentally different parameters).Results. Therefore, the authors conducted the analysis of the structural, technological and operational parameters of the hybrid drive systems and proposed a combined servo drive system.Discussion and conclusions. The authors prove and justify the extensive possibilities of using hybrid drives as an alternative to pneumatic and hydraulic drives The results of the research allow specifying the directions and prospects of using hybrid synergetic drives and systems for the functioning of working equipment, machines and complexes.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

Introduction. The introduction of modern management methods in food enterprises is a response to the challenges of time and an institutionalized requirement. Statistical methods and information technologies can improve control in food safety management systems. Their combination provides maximum opportunities for leading food industry organizations. Study objects and methods. The research featured the market of ready-made high-tech solutions in process automation and existing management systems, including those based on the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). The study revealed a need for a software product for HACCP in food production. Results and discussion. The paper describes a case of a meat processing plant and how the management controls the HACCP. The authors developed a universal software product that allows operators to enter information about violations and downtimes into the system. Using this product, team leaders and department heads can easily identify and eliminate the causes of hazards while controlling technological processes and receiving timely reports. Conclusion. The software was tested in a production workshop to identify the time specialists need respond to comments and solve problems. The obtained data showed a decrease in loss of time resources by 6.77% for operators and 2.4% for line managers. The highly adaptable program can be used by specialists who work with management systems for food enterprises of Kuzbass. The IBM PC-compatible software product (2.2 MB) makes it possible to work in various Microsoft Windows operating systems and use Microsoft SQL Server 2012 to store data. The computer program was successfully registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (State Registration Certificate No. 2018665743 of 12/10/2018).

Introduction. The problem of automatic license plate recognition is considered. Its solution has many potential applications from safety to traffic control. The work objective was to develop an intelligent recognition system based on the application of deep learning algorithms, such as convolution neural networks that consider automotive standards for license plates in various countries and continents, and are tolerant to camera locations and quality of input images, as well as to changing lighting, weather conditions, and license plate deformations.Materials and Methods. An integrated approach for the problem solution based on the application of convolution neural network composition is proposed. An experimental analysis of neural network models trained to meet the requirements of the universal license plate recognition task was conducted. Based on it, models that showed the best ratio of quality and speed were selected. Quality of the system is provided through the optimization of various models with different modifications. In particular, convolution neural networks were trained using images from several datasets. In addition, to obtain the best results, the models used were pre-trained on a specially generated synthetic dataset.Results. The paper presents numerical experiments, the results of which imply the superiority of the developed algorithm over the commercial OpenALPR package on public datasets. In particular, on the 2017-IWT4S-HDR_LP-dataset, license plate recognition accuracy was 94 percent, and on the Application-Oriented License Plate dataset, 86 percent.Discussion and Conclusions. The resulting algorithm can be used to automatically detect and recognize license plates. The experiments show that the algorithm quality meets or exceeds quality of the commercial OpenALPR package. The developed algorithm quality can be improved through increasing the training dataset, which does not require the participation of the developer.

Introduction. The paper considers simulation of the dynamic processes of the brake rigging of a passenger car under braking on a track section with irregularities. The work objectives include the development of a “rigging brakeblock -wheel working surface” contact module in a full-scale computer model of a passenger car in the “Universal Mechanism” software package; and a computer simulation of the braking operating mode from 50 to 32 km/h considering vertical and horizontal track rail irregularities for determining the mechanism of variation of the longitudinal acceleration of the brakeblock and its angular acceleration. The subject of the study is the force interaction of the elements and dynamic processes in the brake system of passenger cars.Materials and Methods. A new “rigging brakeblock - wheel working surface” contact module, which provides the de-termination of the longitudinal and angular accelerations of the brake rigging of a passenger car, is proposed to the “Universal Mechanism” software package,. The simulated modeling of the brake rigging system of a passenger car with KVZ-TsNII type II trolleys equipped with shoe brakes is carried out.Results. A full-scale computer model of a passenger car, which includes the designed contact module “linkage brake pad - wheel working surface”, has been developed in the “Universal Mechanism” software package. The car is present-ed as a system of solids connected by elastic and dissipative elements. Using computer simulation, the operating mode of braking was reproduced under reducing the speed of a passenger car from 50 to 32 km/h considering vertical and horizontal irregularities of a railway track. The simulation result was the laws of change in the longitudinal acceleration of the brakeblock and its angular acceleration under braking in the above speed range. Their spectra of longitudinal an-gular acceleration of the brakeblock were constructed. It was determined that the presence of track irregularities affects the spectral composition of the accelerations. In addition, under the superposition of the bogie-frame pitching and bouncing oscillations, when moving along an uneven track, the rigging block can move up and down the wheel-working surface within a range of up to 50 mm. The simulation functionality of the dynamic processes of the brake system of a passenger car was expanded in the “UM-Loko” software package.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used in the design of new rigging brake systems of passenger cars and modernization of existing ones at the engineering enterprises and railway-car repair works. This, in turn, should ensure uniform distribution of efforts across all brake rigging brakeblocks of a passenger car.

This paper considers the problem of memory allocation for the organization of the LIFO-stack in the algorithm for image segmentation based on growing regions is considered. Segmentation divides the image into regions with identical or similar properties and is the most demanding process for the capacity of RAM. The cultivation of areas begins with the neighborhoods of pre-selected initial growth pixels and uses stacks to store the coordinates of adjacent pixels attached to the cultivated region. Stack loading is maximized when the segment size matches the size of the YX image. In the absence of an expression for the exact determination of the size of the stack, it is possible to guarantee the stable operation of the algorithm for growing regions, eliminating the overflow of the memory allocated for processing if the stack size is assumed equal to YX. However, this approach does not take into account the fact that filling the coordinate stacks is also accompanied by a selection of them, which makesthe stack size always smaller than YX. The article proposes an expression that allows one to increase the accuracy of determining the required size of the LIFO-stack for storing the coordinates of adjacent pixels depending on the image size. The expression takes into account the conditions of the maximum load of the LIFO-stack when: a) the segmentation of the square region with the initial growth pixel in the corner of this region is carried out; b) in the scan window, adjacent pixels are always selected in order with the first selectable pixel located in the corner of the scan window. Using the proposed expression to calculate the required capacity of the LIFO-stack under conditions of its maximum load in the image segmentation algorithm based on growing regions provides a 2-fold reduction in the number of LIFO-stack memory cells.

The paper analyzes the condition of additivity of the information and reference kiosk, which allows designing a static kiosk, which is essentially a set of pages organized in order to provide users with reliable information in various fields of knowledge and practice, with additive properties. The condition of additivity is analyzed based on the loading time of the pages of the informational kiosk is implemented on the basis of the concept of a simple website with narrow subject matter by adding the concept of a vertical portal, in connection with which introduced the concept of optimal page load time of the informational kiosk, since the main task of the informational kiosk is the display of the user requested page containing the content within a certain time interval, and a key component of the kiosk GUI. Information and reference kiosk, as a small subscriber system in terms of functionality and volume of content, containing information in text, audio or video format, aimed at providing reference information to the user and giving him a means of interaction, by providing all available system objects and functions implemented in the form of graphical components, is not an exception. The article also discusses the key concepts of the information and reference kiosk, such as additivity, ergodicity, and entropy.

The paper contains a new text searching method representing modification of the Boyer-Moore algorithm and enabling a user to find the places in the text where the given substring occurs maybe with possible errors, that is the string in text and a query may not coincide but nevertheless are identical. The idea consists in division of the searching process in two phases: at the first phase a fuzzy variant of the Boyer–Moore algorithm is performed; at the second phase the Dice metrics is used. The advantage of suggested technique in comparison with the known methods using the fixed value of the mistakes number is that it 1) does not perform precomputation of the auxiliary table of the sizes comparable to the original text sizes and 2) it more flexibly catches the semantics of the erroneous text substrings even for a big number of mistakes. This circumstance extends possibilities of the Boyer–Moore method by addmitting a bigger amount of possible mistakes in text and preserving text semantics. The suggested method provides also more accurate regulation of the upper boundary for the text mistakes which differs it from the known methods with fixed value of the maximum number of mistakes not depending on the text sizes. Moreover, this upper boundary is defined as Levenshtein distance not suitable for evaluating a relevance of the founded text and a query, while the Dice metrics provides such a relevance. In fact, if maximum Levenshtein distanse is 3 then how one can judge if this value is big or small to provide relevance of the search results. Consequently, the suggested method is more flexible, enables one to find relevant answers even in case of a big number of mistakes in text. The efficiency of the suggested method in the worst case is O(nc) with constant c defining the biggest allowable number of mistakes.

The active development of the mobile platforms sector such as smartphones, smart watches, fitness bracelets and other wearable electronic devices in the last 4 years has caused a huge growth of the market of mobile applications-services. Western countries are actively implementing mobile applications-services for household energy users. In Belarus, there is a positive dynamics in the number of active users of applications-services, every year it is possible to attract 7 % of unique customers. In the present paper the experience of implementation and operation of the mobile application for power systems is analyzed. The dynamics of the market of mobile applications-services has been traced: the amount of time spent by the person in interaction with the device was determined as well as the total expenditure of funds in the application at the moment; also, the growth of expenses within the applications was forecasted. The potential benefits for business and end-users of services from the implementation of mobile applications-services were demonstrated. Their properties, main qualities and advantages over traditional methods of “business – client” interaction are considered. A number of features needed for the successful functioning of the mobile application in the power system of Belarus are identified. The process of creating software for smart devices has been studied and the functionality needed by the mobile application for the power system has been proposed for attracting new users. A special algorithm for the launch and successful “life cycle” of a mobile application has been proposed. It allows to operate and develop mobile applications-services as efficiently as possible, as well as to avoid the most common errors at the stages of their development and launch. The implementation of a mobile application in the power system of the Republic of Belarus, in the long-term, will significantly increase customer loyalty, simplify interaction with users, make it possible to build new models of distribution of electricity, and, consequently, regulate the demand for energy resources.

Background. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are nowadays widely used in various domains. Their use is connected with a broad range of psychological problems, in particular, within engineering psychology. Objective. In this paper, typical engineering-psychological problems of interface design for UAVs are considered. Design. Literature survey on topic related to UAV control. Results. Problems of managing sensory isolation, negative effects of automation failures, connection losses and monotony, as well as problems of supporting the work of UAVs operator teams were identified and solutions proposed. We also study methodological and methodical questions within the domain of interface design for controlling UAVs. Conclusions. Designing interfaces for UAVs is a complex psychological task. There are perspectives of use for virtual reality, AI, predictive displays, and adaptive automation. There is need for general recommendations concerning UAVs interface development.

The paper describes the application of the optimization method of fuzzy automatic classification in the problem of combining estimates of trajectory measurements in a radar system. By a radiolocation system the author mean an automated hierarchical technical complex that combines, using communication tools, a set of asynchronously functioning radiolocation tools, as well as central and intermediate points that collect, process and issue trajectory radiolocation information. It must be borne in mind that in conditions of tracking tight groups of air targets, with relatively small intervals and distances, it is not always possible to obtain trajectory information of the required quality. The main reason for this is the difficulty in determining the values of the correlation matrices of errors in estimating the parameters of the state vector of air targets. The task becomes more complicated as the number of intermediate processing points increases when it is brought to the final consumer. The main goal of the article is to increase the accuracy of estimates of trajectory measurements in a radiolocation system. The research is done by means of the mathematical tool of fuzz-set theory, namely, by optimizing fuzzy automatic classification. The article demonstrates that using fuzzy automatic classification under a priori parametrical uncertainty in the law of trajectory measurement errors, when determining weight coefficients, can improve the accuracy of estimates in these conditions up to 30 % compared with methods based on the application of the probabilistic approach. The results obtained allow us to justify the prospects of using optimization methods of fuzzy automatic classification in the tasks of processing trajectory information. In addition, the advantage of the proposed method is its low computational complexity and ease of implementation, which is especially important while maintaining a large number of airborne objects.

Growing vehicle variant diversity, legal requirements to reduce fleet CO2 emissions and innovations in the area of drive train technologies, coupled with the increasing pressure to cut costs, pose new challenges for parties in the automotive sector. An implementation of optimized development and production processes supports the effective handling of these challenges. One important aspect includes engineering efficiency improvement by optimizing the entire automotive bodywork development process and the involved data management. Research activities focus on the data exchange processes between design, simulation and production engineering within various CAx environments. This concerns constantly changing boundary conditions and requirements in the area of automotive body development, including but not limited to the introduction of new materials and material combinations and new types of joining technologies. From the viewpoint of an automotive engineering supplier, additional challenges caused by different customer-related development environments have to be considered. To overcome these challenges, various data exchange strategies between OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer), automotive suppliers and the use of different data management tools need to be investigated. In this context, the paper presents an approach of an optimized data exchange process of CAD-based data between different CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) environments that supports the entire body development, including data provision for manufacturing engineering. In addition, an optimization of data exchange processes saves development costs and improves the product quality.

As competition associated with globalization grows, more and more organizations are adopting different approaches. This happens when organizations strive to become more efficient – “do more at lower costs” and quickly and cheaply launch new products on the market. In this regard, this paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the two most popular project management standards PRINCE and PMBoK. The authors reviewed and analyzed the main features of these standards, conducted a critical review of their strengths and weaknesses and made recommendations on the use of a particular standard in a particular case. For example, if you need to get a detailed description of many extremely useful tools and methods that will help you better manage your project, you should use PMBoK. However, if it is necessary that the project management methodology helps to make project decisions, the relatively simple PRINCE2 process model clearly defines which project management decisions need to be made, by whom and when. The 26 management products in PRINCE2 are tightly integrated into the process model, providing guidance on what project management information is needed to support decision-making throughout the project.

The paper describes the process and results of the development of the light commercial electric vehicle. In order to ensure maximum energy efficiency of the developed vehicle the key parameters of the original electric motor. The article also presents the results of power electronic thermal calculation. For the mathematical model of the vehicle, the driving cycle parameters of the electric platform were determined in accordance with UNECE Regulations No 83, 84. The driving cycle was characterized by four successive urban and suburban cycles. The mathematical model also takes into account the time phases of the cycle, which include idling, vehicle idling, acceleration, constant speed movement, deceleration, etc. The model of the electric part of the vehicle was developed using MatLab-Simulink (SimPowerSystems library) in addition to the mechanical part of the electric car. The electric part included the asynchronous electric motor, the motor control system and the inverter. This model at the output allows to obtain such characteristics of the electric motor as currents, flows and voltages of the stator and rotor in a fixed and rotating coordinate systems, electromagnetic moment, angular speed of rotation of the motor shaft. The developed model allowed to calculate and evaluate the performance parameters of the electric vehicle. Technical solutions of the electric vehicle design were verified by conducting strength calculations. In conclusion, the results of field tests of a commercial electric vehicle are presented.

Objectives. This article presents an application for the processing of scanned images of sales receipts for subsequent extraction of text information using the Tesseract OCR Engine. Such an application is useful for maintaining a family budget or for accounting in small companies. The main problem of receipt recognition is the low quality of ink and printing paper, which results in creasing and tears, as well as the rapid fading of printed characters.Methods. The study is based on a number of algorithms based on mathematical morphology methods for opening, closing and morphological gradient operations, as well as image conversion, which can significantly improve the final recognition of characters by Tesseract.Results. In order to solve this problem, a special image normalisation algorithm is proposed, which includes locating a receipt on an image, processing the received image section, removing image capture and carrier defects, as well as point processing for restoring missing characters. The developed application supports increased recognition accuracy of text information when using Tesseract OCR.Conclusion. The developed system recognises characters with fairly high accuracy, demonstrates a result that is better than that obtained when using the unmodified Tesseract method, but which is still inferior to the recognition accuracy of ABBY FineReader. Methods are also been proposed aimed at improving the developed algorithm.

Special aspects of MP3-recordings technical investigation are addressed. The following features of formation and research of MP3 phonograms are explained: traces of MP3 coding in time and spectral domain, special aspects of MP3-files structure analysis, detection methods of re-coding of MP3-recordings, methods of group identification of MP3-recorders and MP3-codecs.MP3 coding leaves certain traces of its usage. Due to the psychoacoustic model inaudible spectral components are deleted from the signal spectrum. Traces of psychoacoustic codecs usage are also clearly seen via dynamic spectrogram as rectangular areas of zero spectral amplitude. The methods discussed in this paper enable the investigating expert to detect the exact position of the MP3 frame in the signal by its properties even without any information from the file header. This method reveals the coding itself, multiple coding and also audio editing by the investigation of the periodicity of the extracted frames’ positions.MP3 file format specifies the structure of the frame header providing a perfect instrument to detect any periodicity of any peculiarities of MP3 frames. The tool based on this approach reveals MP3 frames disorder caused by editing in the “digital” domain – manual deletion of audio information using HEX editor.

The paper is devoted to the methodological tasks of conducting transdisciplinary research of TI, that have been leading to the tasks of integrating the knowledge of various stakeholders. The methodological framework of the study includes a systematic approach, the provisions of knowledge engineering and social psychology. The methodological basis of TI is formulated, the essence of which is the identification, coordination and integration of individual and collective structures of knowledge. The requirements to the procedure of knowledge integration of different stakeholders are defined: to form an understanding of the complexity of problems, to take into account the diversity of the real world and scientific perception of problems, the link of abstract and specific knowledge of a particular situation, the use of the concept of the common good as a regulatory basis for harmonizing multiple values and norms. Conceptual models are considered as an integration tool. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the rationale for the application of methods of joint conceptual modeling as a tool for integration and coordination of various types of knowledge and organization of communication processes in a stakeholders group.

The paper is devoted to studying the experience of Russian organizations in solving the problem of automation of one of the main HR functions — motivation and work incentives of employees of the organizations. After personnel administration, HR motivation management has become the second HR function, which is successfully automated in Russian organizations. The methodological basis of the study is a modern understanding of the theory of human capital. The research methodology provides for the reconstruction of the labor stimulation process based on the development and implementation of key performance indicators in conjunction with the automation processes of operational HR processes. The work results as follows: systematization of software that automates the basic processes for staff motivation; development of recommendations for HR departments on the development and implementation of an automated system of main performance indicators. The authors have proved that the correctly implemented automation of the HR function to calculate compensation and benefits during the transition to a more complex remuneration system makes it possible in practice not just to increase the economic results of the organization, but also to implement the fundamental principle of effective management — the principle of a fair assessment of the results of each employee’s work.

Introduction. In the distributed and autonomous generation systems using renewable energy sources, low-power generating units (not more than 100-200 kW) based on microturbines function. Microturbines operate most efficiently at high rotational speeds. In this regard, the generator running with a microturbine must also be a high-speed one. A generator is a switched reluctance electric machine (EM) that needs information on the rotor position. It is difficult to use a position sensor in such mechanisms at high speeds. This paper discusses the issues of sensorless control of a high-speed switched reluctance electric generator in conjunction with a steam microturbine.Materials and Methods. So, it is required to evaluate the proof-of-principle developed to control a high-speed switched reluctance EM. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been created including models of the investigated EM, an electric power converter, and a control system. For the EM under consideration, the active resistance is determined, as well as the dependence of the phase flux linkage on the current flowing through it and the position of the moving element. The method used involves probing the idle phase of an electric machine with short voltage pulses of equal duration, and measuring the current in this phase. If the voltage pulse length is much shorter than the phase time constant, then the current pulse amplitude is inversely proportional to the inductance. Thus, registering the maximum current pulse amplitude, it is possible to determine the rotor passage through an uncoordinated position for the probed phase. This information is used to form control actions by other phases. Moreover, the length of the test voltage pulses, required to obtain current pulses sufficient for measuring the value, is of significance versus the duration of the pulsing time. Hence, with an increase in the rotational speed, the number of test pulses is insufficient for measuring the position with the accuracy required for the control goals. This reduces drastically the precision of determining the rotor position; therefore, at high speeds, the application of this method is limited without further refinement of the rotor position. In this case, to increase the precision of measurements, it is necessary to evaluate the rate of current rise when applying the basic voltage pulse or the voltage pulse rate forming the phase current before switching to a single-pulse control mode. Research Results. Two conclusions important for correcting the estimation of the rotor position in a single-pulse operation mode of a reluctance EM are proved. The first conclusion is on the efficiency of the proposed technique of filtering phase current measurement data, the second one concerns the applicability of the identified information criteria. The analysis results of the processes in the switched reluctance EM using sensorless control that implements the described principles for determining the rotor position are presented.Discussion and Conclusions. To correct the estimation of the rotor position, the following information criteria can be used: the presence of a pause between the excitation pulse and the start of the generation process; the decrease in current by the time the generation begins. To refine the estimate, the following fact can be used: on the generation interval, the current curve knee corresponding to the maximum phase inductance is observed at the same rotor position.

The article describes the process of collaborative management at airports A-CDM in dynamically changing conditions of the productive process, defined as the occurrence of emergency situations capable of altering the planned actions. In real operation, in this case, a large number of possible solutions for each emergency situation appears, the lower the level of recording for these options, the more their number. This paper focuses on external factors that significantly affect the activities of airlines and airports and to the relevant management retaliation formalized in the form of five points. The relevance of the choice is dictated by the presence of conflicting interests of stakeholders. Objective explanation in favor of a decision based on the minimization of the total losses from the outbreak of emergencies would significantly strengthen the position of each participant in the process. The authors have introduced a number of mathematical notations and assumptions, a list of which can be supplemented. Dynamic priorities for each participant in the process are formulated. The tool for optimization of joint decision-making is the genetic algorithm, which allows for a smaller number of iterations in the real time to get suboptimal decision that meets the requirements of the participants in the process. As an example, the article describes a situation that may occur in a real-world production. Based on the multiplicative form a dynamic priority for delayed flights is assigned, taking into account the conflicting interests of the participants in the process, private ranking criteria for flights during each step of the rescheduling are formed, a genetic algorithm is applied. As a result, a specific decision of the emergency situation, arising spontaneously from the impact of external factors is obtained. This mathematical apparatus has prospects of introduction into the productive process as any emergency can be built into the solving algorithm and taken into account.

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market.

In the XXI century, when environmental awareness is growing and the impact of human activity on the planet is more and more noticeable, striving to minimize energy consumption seems to be a necessary direction in the development of technology. This development cannot take place without an initial understanding and describing the relationships influencing specific technologies. It also needs empirical verification of assumed theories. Modern trams play an important role in the functioning of urban transport. Being one of the oldest modes of environmentally friendly transport, in European capitals they are currently perceived as one of the most convenient means of transport. This is due, among other things, to the high velocity of transport along the route. The energy consumed by trams indirectly depends on the driving characteristics, i. e. speed, acceleration and stops on the route, which are also caused by stopping at traffic light controlled junctions. This paper presents the results of an experiment showing the change in the level of electric energy consumption depending on the applied method of traffic light control. This article presents the conditions influencing the power consumption in trams, describes the possible strategies of traffic lights control and their consequences for other traffic participants. The research was carried out in real conditions in everyday traffic, measuring the level of electricity consumption in case of both fixed-time and actuated signaling with full priority for trams. On the examined section there were both modern asynchronous-drive as well as traditional resistor-drive vehicles. The conclusions drawn from the survey confirm the validity of introducing modern solutions and may be useful for estimating investment costs.

The technological process of manufacturing ultra-large integrated circuits includes a number of stages, one of which is the preparation with the help of computer-aided design of input information for the image generator photodetector. Creating a control program for image generation generates a large number of problems, many of which are solved by methods of computational geometry and usually operate with geometric objects such as polygon or rectangle. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for performing a set-theoretic intersection operation on topological objects of the polygon type. The paper analyzes the different variants of the intersection of the sides of polygons with each other and introduces the concept of degenerate and possible intersection points. The rules are formulated to identify degenerate points of intersection of the sides of polygons in order to reduce the number of fragments into which the boundaries of polygons are divided by intersection points, as well as to clarify the status of possible intersection points. Two methods of finding the intersection of polygons are proposed: a simpler basic method, applicable to a wide range of practical problems, and a more complex General method, used in practice much less often. The material of the article relates to research related to the General task of developing a software system for the preparation of topological information for microphotoset image generators.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to simulation modeling. Basic methods of the simulation mathematical modeling in the derivatives market are described. A group of realistic nonGaussian Levy processes that generalize the classical BlackScholes model is considered. The work objective is to study the most efficient methods of market forecasting, as well as the software implementation of the simulation mathematical modeling technique of the Russian derivatives market based on the Levy model. This research is relevant due to the demand for applications that simulate the dynamics of financial assets and evaluate options in realistic models of the derivatives market, allowing for jumps.Materials and Methods. Basic methods for forecasting the derivatives market, methods for determining the volatility rate at a known option price, are considered. The most effective types of Levy processes for the simulation mathematical modeling of the Russian derivatives market at the present stage are highlighted. The possibilities of the Java language for the implementation of mathematical methods are considered.Research Results. A program is developed in the Java programming language that implements the Levy mathematical model, which includes Gaussian and generalized Poisson processes. The program for calculating the mathematical method is created in the free integrated application development environment NetBeans IDE to work with any operating system.Discussion and Conclusions. The result of the simulation mathematical modeling analysis has shown that the most efficient methods in the derivatives market are those based on realistic non-Gaussian Levy processes. The software implementation of such mathematical methods can be used for educational purposes. The developed application has demonstrated high quality and speed of calculations using software resources.

Introduction.Precision elements of the target equipment and sensitive elements of the stabilization and orientation system of the advanced spacecraft are considered in the framework of this research. A method and software for modeling the dynamic characteristics of these elements are developed and validated. At that, the processing data results from the experimental studies on active and passive oscillators are taken into account.Materials and Methods. It is shown how the method of weightlessness provides simulation of the conditions that as much as possible conform to the real-time use of advanced space vehicles, precision structural elements, target equipment and their drives. Schemes of the corresponding experimental facilities are presented. Mathematical modeling methods, techniques of machine mechanics and dynamics are applied. Basic parameters of the proposed design dynamics, which are governing parameters in terms of the implementation of the target functions of the spacecraft, are calculated. Rational versions of layout and approximate cycle patterns of the operation of advanced space vehicles are formed to reduce microperturbations from driving gear with rotating masses.Research Results. A simulation technique for the dynamic characteristics of the drives of advanced space vehicles considering the regular oscillator operation is developed and validated. A complex of methods is presented for solving the problems of identifying dynamic parameters of a mathematical model of an advanced spacecraft based on the processing data results obtained through the experimental testing of active and passive oscillators. Two types of vibration from flywheel engines are noted. The first type is according to the commands of the position control and stabilization control system. The second type is due to residual imbalance from the solar constant meter. It is shown how these vibrations affect the dynamic characteristics of the gyro mounting seats and of the multispectral scanner for hydrometeorological support of the spacecraft. The data obtained are meant to solve the problems of assurance of the dynamic accuracy of advanced space vehicles.Discussion and Conclusions. A technique for modeling the dynamic characteristics of advanced space vehicles when operating in the precision orientation mode is proposed. The solution is based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies presented in the paper, and it considers the operation of standard oscillators. The implementation of this method is brought to software and algorithmic support for assessing the dynamic characteristics of standard oscillators of an advanced space vehicle. Recommendations to reduce the effect of active oscillators are established. Initial data are selected to determine the dynamics of advanced space vehicles from the point of view of fulfilling their target functions. The layout and approximate cycle patterns of the operation of advanced space vehicles to identify the driving gear with rotating masses as sources of micro-perturbations are proposed.