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The paper substantiates the introduction of interactive techniques in music and arts education, and analyzes the definitions of interactivity – a key term of the modern educational paradigm. Various interpretations of interactivity and its components – interaction, communication, dia logue, polylogue, interpretation, reinterpretation, intonation, feelings, comprehension, generalization (reflection), and experience – are given. In the methodology context, the author traces out the similarity of interactive concepts in general didactics and the humanities knowledge (M. M. Bakhtin, V. S. Bibler), and maintains that the main components of interactive teaching include the basic categories of culture, art, music, and psychology of artistic perception and creativity. Therefore, similarity of the content and approach to interpreting the conceptual terminological apparatus of interactive education makes it possible to implement the interactive techniques in teaching the cycle of music and arts disciplines.

The paper looks at implementing the probability theory and mathematical statistics while analyzing the outcomes of the unified state examination (USE). The research is aimed at investigating the impact of closed questions that make the greater part of USE, on test results. The methodology is based on so called Bernoulli’s trial. The research findings demonstrate the higher probability of incidental right answers to the closed questions compared with the open ones. The author makes a conclusion that the considerable number of closed questions in the test can misrepresent the final result which tends to improve. The proposed method of statistic analysis can provide the explanation for the USE results anomalies, evaluate the quality of examination materials and scoring system, and give the quantified assessment of social implications.

the subject of the paper is the internet newspaper. Being based on a printed newspaper, an internet newspaper is viewed as hybrid, which means that it combines traditional parameters of the prototype and means of information organization and presentation peculiar for the Internet. Among them there are special graphic issuance of text, multimedia features, hypertextuality, a multilayered construction and interactivity.

Working vocabulary of features include most informative features of objects to be recognized. The aim is to develop a method of forming a working vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on Fourier-descriptors of the object image contours.To solve this problem the paper offers to use the method of functional maximization that is the ratio of the distance between the classes to the spread of objects within each of the classes represented in the feature space, which is formed on the basis of Fourier-descriptors.To check the effectiveness of the proposed method to form a working vocabulary of features the numerical experiments have been carried out. The experiments used two databases of reference images consisting of 10 and 13 reference images. Test images obtained by rotating the reference images, by zooming, as well as by adding the noise using the normal law of distribution have been created from these images. The proposed by the author algorithm, which uses the Prewitt operator, threshold segmentation, and morphological processing has marked the contours of images. The original vocabulary of features derived from the Fourier-descriptors has dimension of 98. The vocabularies of working features having the dimensions, respectively, 3 and 4 have been formed on the basis of functional maximization for both reference images. In the course of numerical experiments the frequency of correct decisions to recognise the features of reference bases of images for the original and working vocabularies has been evaluated. It has been proved that the algorithm of recognition with the formed working vocabularies of features provides a great efficiency of automatic recognition of objects.There are known publications, which use a similar method to form a working vocabulary of features in algorithms of human recognition by the image. But there are no publications on choosing the vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on the analysis of the image contours that can be used in computer vision systems of automated production lines.

The article deals with topical issues of the using distance learning technologies, and blended model of studying foreign languages in universities. The authors investigated the possibility of distance learning technologies in the modern linguistic education. The practical side of blended model of foreign languages teaching is shown on the example of Learning Management System “Virtual Campus” at Plekhanov Russian University of economics and Moscow state university of economics, statistics and informatics. The purpose of the research is the following : 1) to analyze advantages of virtual campus in the Russian education system in teaching foreign languages in universities; 2) to demonstrate the difference between distance and e-learning in teaching foreign languages; 3) to demonstrate what language and speech competencies are developed with an electronic campus; 4) to describe the virtual campus tools; 5) to conduct a pedagogical experiment demonstrating virtual campus opportunities in teaching foreign languages; 6) to prove an innovative character and productivity of a blended learning model in teaching foreign languages. Material of the research. As a material of the research were used the following: 1) records of the lessons in the virtual campus (forums, tests, written tasks, commentaries); 2) paper and electronic text books; 3) students’ and teachers’ polls; 4) the results of students’ testing. Methods of the research. During the experiment the following methods were applied: descriptive, project, comparative and statistic methods. The results of the research. The following results have been obtained during the experiment - an innovation character and the productivity of a blended model usage in teaching foreign languages in universities which can be demonstrated in the following have been proved: 1) in developing communicative and language competencies; 2) in developing an individual student trajectory; 3) in expanding active and passive student vocabulary; 4) in expanding a socio-cultural potential at the lesson; 5) in developing an intellectual potential at the lesson; 6) in the intensification of educational process. Conclusions . 1. The usage of a blended learning project system based on а virtual campus raises the process of competencies development to a new level: 1) speech competencies (fi rst of all reading and writing); 2) language competencies (lexical and grammar); 3) cognitive с competencies. 2. We recommend a new blended learning system on the basis of a virtual campus in teaching foreign languages should be put into practice in education domain in Russian universities. 3. The usage of a blended learning system on the basis of a virtual campus in teaching foreign languages implies a change in a managerial approach in teachers’ activities. 4. The usage of a blended learning system in teaching foreign languages is feasible within a framework of a system approach in the education process.

In contemporary economic conditions, when enterprises function in the environment of uncertainty, the search of new approaches to strategic management of enterprises becomes the objective of the management level. The formation of the mechanism of enterprise management improvement, which allows adapting management system to the changes of external environment, providing their high performance and competitiveness, is a very topical objective. The article substantiates the advisability of applying the balanced scorecard (BSC) for strategic enterprise management. The paper determines the sequence of using the balanced scorecard to assess the effectiveness of the strategies implementation of agribusiness enterprises. The authors have designed the economic-mathematical model of activity of manufacturing enterprise in the form of a multi-parameter problem of linear optimum management. It allows evaluating the strategy of its development considering the peculiarities of the agribusiness enterprise and the concept of BSC. The specified model has been approved by the example of an operating enterprise. With the help of automated software product numeric experiments have been conducted, describing various scenarios of the development of the agribusiness enterprise on the basis of the multi-parameter analysis of a number of key components of BSC, with the aim to reveal their mutual connection in the optimum regime. The authors draw conclusions about the advisability of accounting revealed parameter correlations and regularities while making a strategic map of BSC. It is stated that the application of BSC may be the basis for methodology of development and administrative decision making both at the present moment, and in the strategy of agribusiness enterprises management taking into account the specificity of their development.

The paper addresses the issues of diachronic description genetically related vocabulary East Slavonic languages based on a study of its origin and semantics in accordance with the actual problems of the historical word formation lexicology and lexicography Slavonic languages. To study involved pre-Slavic vocabulary, of ancient and modern East languages, united in the genetic paradigm, which consists of etymological families with vertices *Dati, *Bьrati, *Imati//Imѣti, *Nesti. В статье затрагиваются вопросы диахронического описания генетически близкой лексики восточнославянских языков на основе исследования её происхождения и семантики в соответствии с актуальными проблемами исторической дериватологии, лексикологии и лексикографии славянских языков.

The paper presents learning and the heuristic method in educating Civil Defense staff with a view to making appropriate decisions in emergency situations and a state of emergency with special reference to the use of heuristic models in the education of emergency teams and the command of the Army of Serbia. It is designed for command and teaching staff, as well as for the personnel of civil defense, the protection and rescue system (Department for Emergency Situations) and local governments (district chief executives, mayors and mayors-commanders and commanding officers of the Army of Serbia that can be employed in emergency situations during the protection and rescue of people and materiel. The heuristic approach to problem solving and learning should provide the training of command personnel from the local to the national levels in making adequate decisions after the proclamation of emergency and a state of emergency in parts of the territory, or across the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Introduction The modern world (post-industrial, technological, informational, global) needs people who are trained, ready and able to use new complex tools, who quickly and efficiently acquire, construct and apply a variety of skills, who actively and responsibly take part in complex social and economic relationships and processes in everyday life and make adequate, rational and best decisions, especially in emergency situations. In a rapidly changing world, where knowledge expands in complexity and quantity on a daily basis, and where sources of information in the field of emergency proliferate at a speed of light, data, information and facts can become irrelevant and obsolete even before they are used. The heuristic approach to problem solving (Kvascev, 1978) implemented into the method of distance learning and the design of the future system of civil defense in the function of emergency seek to overcome these problems (Beres 2014) in a new way (teaching topics and units are designed as a heuristic algorithm (Amaldi et al., 2003), which allows learners to choose unknown subject matter and skip the known one, so that the maximum individuality is achieved in their work. Such a renewed model of distance learning with the heuristic concept allows the audience to get involved in the education process at any point in time (in their leisure time, during working hours via the Internet and from any computer available). Concept, mission and purpose of distance learning at the Ministry of Defence Learning involves much more than simple transmission of information and cannot be defined as "the traditional view" (Figure 1) with the use of new technologies. It is a completely different process, using other methods, and provides a wealth of other features. It sets out the requirements before both learners (in this case – members of emergency teams and officers of the Serbian Army within these teams) and teachers and requires sharing responsibility. The style, method and approach applied in distance learning are significantly different from the traditional approach to learning which most learners are accustomed to. The learning environment is very interactive and communicative, but the key difference is that learners have great responsibility in relation to their progress in the learning process. Heuristics in emergency situations and distance learning The heuristic modeling involves the creation of such a model that it has heuristic significance and represents several originals in one same model, i.e. this model enables the discovery of new knowledge and the development of creativity by requiring from learners to be independent taking into account the previous knowledge of each learner in their domain separately (e.g frequent emergencies (Beres et al., 2014, p. 155-159) The heuristic model very little determines activities in the course of solving problems so that it leaves to learners-team members (Staff for Emergencies) a possibility of finding one or all possible solutions, depending on learners’ prior knowledge, level of independence, and their creative abilities. Such an approach to problem solving allows each learner-team member (Staff for Emergencies) to reach their maximum, for weak, average, and above average, i.e. talented listeners alike. Setting a problem using the heuristic strategy means that a team member is placed in a position to apply old experiences to new situations in order to discover new ways of creative problem solving (Beres et al., 2013, p. 46-57). Implementing such a model into the method of distance learning brings a new quality in the training of the mentioned staff. For example, multi media teaching with the teaching topics and units is designed as a heuristic algorithm (Figure 3), which allows learners a choice of unknown subject matter and skipping the known one, so that the maximum individuality is achieved in their work. Thus this innovated model of distance learning with the heuristic concept allows the audience to get involved in the education process at any point in time (in their free time, during working hours, on the Internet and computers). Conclusion The advantages of the method of distance learning and the implemented heuristic model of education are as follows. The advantages of distance learning are flexibility in terms of time, place and pace of learning, much lower price than in the traditional way, and significantly increased availability of information (e-books, articles, simulations, virtual labs or classrooms). All the learner needs is a computer and the Internet access. Distance learning offers a number of advantages both to institutions and teachers. The number of listeners is not limited by the number of available teachers and classrooms. In addition, the price of organizing teaching is lower. Teamwork in solving problems in emergency situations; more people bring different skills to the team, which helps to improve efficiency; more knowledge and information; heuristic prediction problem; greater understanding and commitment to problems in emergency situations; focus on the problem; decision-making process in stages with appropriate activities. The phase of decision making is a process of decision making and includes the following activities: problem analysis and definition of objectives, risk analysis, development of strategies, development of models and simulation of behavior as well as decision making and its transfer to learners; and the application of heuristic techniques to solve combinatorial problems in emergency situations. The use of heuristic methods is focused in two directions: (a) to solve complex problems that can be presented in quantitative terms but are so complex that their solution cannot be found using rigorous analytical techniques and (b) problems that cannot be represented by a mathematical model because the variables in the model are of quantitative nature. The goal of the heuristic method is to allow finding acceptable solutions to complex problems that cannot be solved by classical methods. Solving heuristically conceived problems (the term means: the art of using relative knowledge in achieving the set goals, the transformation of the resulting situation into the desired or predetermined one by understanding the problem and by implementing appropriate management actions). The notion of solving problems means understanding the events and the transformation of knowledge into appropriate actions. Developing models and methods that would improve the quality of decision making by quantitative means (software support) for a more rational use of resources (energy, money, time, labor, food, etc.) in all emergency situations. Proposing original solutions and being competitive with leading research in the field of emergency.

The paper offers a new view on building a strategy and it is dedicated to analysis of fundamental elements of strategy which in most of cases are the source of many problems which companies face with. In the article this elements are inspected from both views: apart and in interaction. Their impact on company’s activity is investigated on the example of the NOKIA Company case.

Processing of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products with the help of a variety of aids is one of the most urgent methods of solving the problem of increasing beverage storage duration. The paper shows the state of a beverage as a disperse system during the process. In the semi-finished products at the beginning of technological chain the process of diffusion is not determined, thus the system of beverages experiences sedimentary instability. The processing of semi-finished and finished beverages before pre-packaging by various technological supplementary means leads to the formation of sedimentary stability, in which a sedimentation - diffusion equilibrium takes place. The hypothetical model of the state of beverage disperse system under the influence of technological supplementary means is demonstrated. Disperse system of beverages can be exposed in three main positions: sedimentary unstable, stable (equilibrium), excessively stable. The brief overview of characteristic features of supplementary means is presented, the latter being used in beverage technology to ensure the stability of products with the help of research data presented by domestic and foreign authors. One of the variants of classification of processing aids is the usage of hierarchical method. Structural and technological characteristics of the subsidiary materials used for durability of beverage upon storage are presented as a classification basis. Signs and stages of classification are marked. The presented embodiment of classification methodology can serve as a basis for the selection of processing with the help of supplementary methods, based on individual characteristics of the structural properties of complex means and substances involved in turbidity formation, as well as for indication of the parameters of materials rational usage in the production line as one of the fundamental factors for the formation of finished products quality.

It is shown that the system design and the system of military-technical design for radars is reduced to the construction of its multi-dimensional mathematical model and to development of methods for complete system description, i.e. for the problem solution, related to synthesis, analysis, control, and interaction with the environment. They, in turn, can be reduced to the search for functional equations of state, and the dynamics of the conflict, which in concentrated form reflect patterns of development and operation of system-topic. Therefore, these equations are the basis of radar systems theory. Functional equations describe the state and rate of change of the system state, which are connected to each other as the primitive function and the derivative with respect to time. For simple, one-dimensional systems, functional equations are found, that is, the problems of synthesis, analysis, control and adaptationare solved. For a complex system, such as system radar, search for functional equations and the equation of state is a significant scientific problem which can not be solved since emergion of radar systems engineering. In fact the problem is reduced to the definition of the system state combining all system parameters and that of the environment. This paper introduces a new notion of system state, which determines the time required for the system to perform all its functions. On this basis, radar systems theory is built. This theory can not be constructed at an abstract level, so it is built on the example of the most perspective complex systems. The technical appearance of such systems is also determined., Показано, что системное проектирование и системное военно-техническое проектирование радиолокационной системы сводится к построению ее многомерной системной математической модели и к разработке методов полного системного описания - к решению задач синтеза, анализа, управления и взаимодействия с внешней средой. Поэтому такие уравнения составляют основу системной теории радиолокации. Функциональные уравнения описывают состояние и скорость изменения состояния системы, которые связаны между собой как первообразная и производная по времени. Для простых одномерных систем найдены функциональные уравнения, то есть решены задачи синтеза, анализа, управления и адаптации. Для сложной системы, которой является система радиолокации, поиск функциональных уравнений и уравнения состояния является значительной научной проблемой, которую не удается решить с момента возникновения радиолокационной системотехники. По сути проблема сводится к определению понятия состояния системы, которая объединяет все системные параметры самой системы и внешней среды. В работе вводится новое понятие состояния системы, которое определяет время действия системы, требуемое для выполнения своих функций. На этой основе строится системная теория радиолокации. Построить теорию на абстрактном уровне невозможно, поэтому она строится на примере наиболее сложной перспективной системы, технический облик которой также определяется., Показано, що системне проектування і системне військово-технічне проектування системи радіолокації зводиться до побудови її багатовимірної системної математичної моделі і до розробки методів повного системного опису - до рішення задач синтезу, аналізу, управління і взаємодії із зовнішнім середовищем. Тому такі рівняння складають основу системної теорії радіолокації. Функціональні рівняння описують стан і швидкість зміни стану системи, що пов’язані між собою як первісна і похідна за часом. Для простих, одновимірних систем функціональні рівняння знайдені, тобто вирішені завдання синтезу, аналізу, управління та адаптації. Для складної системи, якою є система радіолокації, пошук функціональних рівнянь і рівняння стану є значною науковою проблемою, яку не вдається вирішити з моменту появи радіолокаційної системотехніки. По суті проблема зводиться до визначення поняття стану системи, яка об'єднує усі системні параметри самої системи і зовнішнього середовища. У роботі вводиться нове поняття стану системи, яке визначає час дії системи, потрібний для виконання своїх функцій. На цій основі будується системна теорія радіолокації. Побудувати теорію на абстрактному рівні неможливо, тому вона будується на прикладі найбільш складної перспективної системи, технічний вигляд якої також визначається.

В данной статье выделены классы бизнес задач, поставленных перед системами распознавания регистрационных номеров транспортных средств, проанализированы их характеристики и разработаны соответствующие метрики качества систем распознавания., In this paper the classes of business tasks of the registration numbers of vehicles’ recognition systems were identified, their characteristics were analyzed and appropriate metrics of recognition systems’ quality were developed., У даній статті виділені класи бізнес завдань, поставлених перед системами розпізнавання реєстраційних номерів транспортних засобів, проаналізовано їх характеристики і розроблені відповідні метрики якості систем розпізнавання.

Assessment of applications in open state calls for a competitive contracting is regulated by the Federal Law 94-FZ. Ratios of dif-ferent criteria in assessing applications (price, terms, and quality of proposal) are set in the legislation and make it possible, as a re-sult of calculations using a universal formula, to assign a score for each application. Using these rating scores, winners are selected. In this paper, we have attempted to characterize the correlation between the price and quality of the research proposed by the applicants and estimate how efficient it is to use the legally set weighted values of different criteria in assessing applications.

In this paper a declarative language for SAX handler definition is proposed. This language allows to describe complex XML parsing algorithms in a simple manner. An algorithm is introduced for automatic transformation of such handler descriptions into finite state machines, and then into source code. This approach reduces the complexity of SAX handler development by eliminating the greater part of errorprone manual work.

This paper presents initial results of experiments on deriving of verification models from the source code of a software system. The main principles of C-program transformation into formal view in basic protocols notation as well as realization based on usage of the code analyzer KlocWork are presented. Model adequacy and completeness were checked using VRS technology. Further perspectives and ways of development of the suggested approach are also discussed.