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The purpose of the paper is to improve the methods of using test technologies in the educational process and to develop an optimal schedule for conducting tests in higher education when teaching programming languages. The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of test technologies. The author investigates the effectiveness of one-time and step-by-step testing and studies the role of testing at different stages of the educational process. In the course of the study, the author used written and computer forms of testing. The paper shows that step-by-step testing is more effective than one-time testing. The article identifies the expediency of testing that precedes the implementation of practical work. The results of the study allow us to develop an optimal schedule for conducting tests, which contributes to improving the quality of learning material and increasing students’ motivation.

Implementation of the task of creating a digital platform for a full-featured system of information and analytical support for public administration at the federal, regional and municipal levels, requires a lot of resources and serious expertise.In this regard, the subject of the study was the experience and trends in the construction and operation of digital platforms for state and public administration. The aim of the paper was to summarize the international practice of creating, operating and developing digital public administration platforms. As part of the study, the authors carry out a systematic, content and comparative analysis of various sources: regulatory documents, scientific papers, analytical materials of a number of international organizations, etc.The article presents the results of a study of world experience in the application of various tools to support e-government and support digital governance platforms. The authors describe global trends in the use of information and communication technologies to support public administration. The paper presents a list of general principles for the operation of digital platforms, gives the results of the analysis on the compliance with these principles of the state digital platform of the European Union, highlights its distinctive properties.The article forms proposals and development directions, based on the results and available studies on the development and promotion of digital management platforms, that can help accelerate the spread of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The results of the study can be applied to identify the potential of the existing platform, its strengths and weaknesses, including in the context of the possibilities of developing the process of digital transformation of governance, as well as effectively moving towards the formation of the digital platform of public administration in the Russian Federation.

The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the developed mathematical model of expert evaluation of investment projects. Processes of investment projects implementations are analyzed as decision-making processes under uncertainty. The mathematical model under study evaluates the effectiveness of an investment project using the NPV index. This index is considered a random variable and can be estimated by an investor as a segment [NPV1; NPV2J. The proposed mathematical model utilizes the probability density function of NPV in the form of Pearson curves of the first type. Another peculiar feature of the mathematical model is utilization of the subjective utility function in decision making of whether to invest or not to invest in some project. The subjective utility function considers individual characteristics of investors and their decision making under risks and uncertainty. Perception of additional information by investors changes depending on their attitude toward risk and missed opportunities and thus reduces uncertainty in decision making. The paper studies this step in detail and provides some conclusions proving the correctness of the developed mathematical model., Проводится анализ чувствительности модели экспертизы инвестиционных проектов к изменению входных параметров. При этом рассматриваются процессы реализации инвестиционных проектов в условиях неопределенности. В рассматриваемой математической модели эффективность проекта оценивается показателем NPV, значения которого случайны и известны инвестору в виде отрезка: NPV∈ [NPV1; NPV2J. В предлагаемой модели используется функция плотности вероятности NPV проекта в виде кривых Пирсона первого типа. Еще одной особенностью модели является использование функции субъективной полезности решений о принятии и отклонении инвестиционных проектов, позволяющей учесть индивидуальные особенности инвесторов при принятии решения в условиях рисков и неопределенностей. В зависимости от отношения инвесторов к риску и упущенным возможностям изменяется их восприятие дополнительной информации, сокращающей неопределенность при принятии решений. Этот момент подробно исследован в данной работе, и получены выводы, подтверждающие корректность рассматриваемой математической модели.

Introduction. The paper deals with the issues related to the implementation of the “quality” concept in the construction of reinforced concrete transport facilities linked with the scientific support during design and construction. Nowadays this problem particularly relevant in the context of the modern construction solutions, combined with the need to obtain the required properties of concrete structures and ensure the economic feasibility of construction. The aim of the research is to generalize and systematize the main methods and techniques of concrete works, which minimize the defects and cracks while the construction of transport infrastructure.Materials and methods. On the example of different technologies used in the Russian construction over last 10 years, the authors demonstrated the developed methods of obtaining high quality concrete products taking into account tested and proved modern building materials.Results. The results of the research formed the basis of the projects, technological regulations for the production, specifications and standards of organizations, guidelines. Moreover, the results also allowed implementing the concept of “quality” in transport construction based on obtaining defect-free reinforced concrete structures with specified properties, taking into account the use of modern building materials.Discussion and conclusions. The research allows carrying out construction of various massiveness and extent. The obtained results form the basis of construction technology of other industrial and civil construction objects with reinforced concrete application. The paper is interesting and useful for specialists in providing defect-free construction of reinforced concrete building structures, for engineering and technical staff. The authors dedicate the research to the memory of Professor and Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.R. Solovyanchik (1938-2019).

Introduction. The modern approach for ensuring marine activities of necessary quality related to the assessment of current information on the state of the ocean environment in Russia is clearly insufficient. The development of operational methods and instruments of observation, as well as the assessment of the state of the ocean and its forecast naturally determine such an approach. Therefore, the development of the concept, tools and methods of obtaining data is an urgent task of the operational Oceanography formation.Objective. The objective of the paper is to con-sider the concept of ocean surface monitoring using short-wave surface wave radar.Methods and materials. The paper presents a number of specific Oceanologic examples that require operational monitoring of the state of coastal waters of the oceans and individual regions. Also, it describes observational systems used in other countries. The paper pays special attention for the development of radar sensing of surface waters, carried out in our country occasionally. The resonant nature of the reflections gives the opportunity to obtain maps of high-precision measurements of surface currents and wave characteristics on the long-range area in real time. The paper notes difficulties of the experiments implementation and the results interpretation, shows the insistent issues for the establishment of the ocean surface operational monitoring, and gives the approaches for solvation of the existing problems. The paper formulates the main task of the world ocean parameters forecast for ensuring of the sea transport safety from natural and anthropogenic threats, as well as formulates the problems solution of effective nature management.Results. The paper shows that the optimal means of natural data acquisition is the creation of an observation network of coastal HF radars, which enables to assess surface currents and wave characteristics, as well as to solve the problem of monitoring. It is Important to develop an adequate coastal model and correlate its parameters with experimental data. The adaptive modeling and monitoring by modern technical means can overcome inadequacy of physical models to specific natural conditions can.Conclusion. By assimilation in hydrodynamic and wave models, these data become applicable in spatial mapping of hydrophysical inhomogeneities of the water layer, sound velocity, and underwater acoustic noise.

The paper analyzes approaches to interpretation of a competitive advantage source in various schools of strategic management. Systematizing concepts and approaches of foreign and national researchers within the framework of this or that strategy school the author of the paper gives preference to the Lakatos concept that various scientific-research programs may coexist and compete simultaneously. Strategic management science does not have any obstacle to compare competing theories in justifying sources of strategic competitive advantage. An internal logic of a theory serves as the basis to compare quality of verbal or formal school models, and consideration of successful / unsuccessful strategies in modern dynamically developing economy makes it possible to obtain data for empirical verification of the models. Purpose of the paper is to evaluate prospects of scientific-research programs proposed by various strategy schools in the context of their approaches to sources of competitive advantage. Evolution of science and practice in strategiс has led to shift in emphasis for understanding a company not as a set of business units but as a set of resources and competencies that contributed to obtaining a dominant position in strategic management of resource-based strategy concept. Search for sources of competitive advantage has been shifted to specific resources which a company possess. Such approach lays a solid foundation for a qualitative analysis of strong and weak points of the organization while forming a sustainable long-term advantage based on the development and protection of company's internal resources. Research of competitive advantage resources from the perspective of the concept of company’s dynamic abilities (modern stage of resource-based concept development) is considered as the most promising one because it is based on endogenous nature of advantage sources. This approach rejects implausible assumptions and emphasizes importance of an entrepreneurial factor.

The subject of the paper is methodology of law enforcement policy, elements and relevance for law enforcement activity.The main aim of the paper is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that methodology of law enforcement policy is a system of intellective elements and a part of the higher level system of law enforcement policy simultaneously.The description of methodology. The methodological basis of research is systematic approach. Authors analyze the methodology of law enforcement policy as a combination of elements influencing on each other. The dialectic and formal-legal methodology is also used when the authors analyze trends in judicial practice.The main results and scope of their application. Law enforcement policy is a state strategy that defines the main directions, methods and means of implementation of legal regulations. From the standpoint of a systematic approach, law enforcement policy is a system of managerial type that consists of three elements: subject, object and means (methods). The methodology of law enforcement is a system of interacting elements, such as: modeling the main directions of the implementation of the law; specification of the general strategy for the implementation of legal regulations; identifying trends in law enforcement; correction of law enforcement practices; scientific and methodological support of law enforcement policy. The authors analyze each of the listed elements of the law enforcement policy, pointing out their role in improving the practice of law enforcement. The proposed analysis may become a crucial point for research in the field of law enforcement methodology. The results of research may be used as the basis of correction of methodology of law enforcement practice.

The paper describes different approaches to the rendering of urban place names, i.e. the names of different city facilities, and argues for the importance of accuracy in the case of Russian-into-English translation. With the balanced account of the two basic translation methods commonly applied to such vocabulary units — the one that makes use of calquing in accordance with the standards of the target language, and the other based exclusively on the use of transliteration for rendering both the statute and the main part of the toponymic unit — the authors develop and justify a compromise approach to rendering toponyms for the urban navigation system. This new one embraces a number of other translation techniques used alongside with transliteration / translation in rendering place names from Russian into English. In practice, this would provide for easier city navigation for non-native Russian speakers. A detailed description of the methodology of rendering the said units into English is exemplified by the names of different urban facilities of Ekaterinburg. The given methodology has been developed by a group of researchers, including the authors of the paper.

Одна из основных сложностей разработки параллельной программы для кластера — необходимость принятия глобальных решений по распределению данных и вычислений с учетом свойств всей программы, а затем выполнения кропотливой работы по модификации программы и ее отладки. Большой объем программного кода, а также многомодульность, многовариантность и многоязыковость, затрудняют принятие решений по согласованному распределению данных и вычислений. Опыт использования предыдущей системы САПФОР показал, что при распараллеливании на кластер больших программ и программных комплексов необходимо уметь распараллеливать их постепенно, начиная с наиболее времяемких фрагментов и постепенно добавляя новые фрагменты, пока не достигнем желаемого уровня эффективности параллельной программы. С этой целью предыдущая система была полностью переработана, и на ее основе была создана новая система SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization). В данной статье будет рассмотрен опыт применения метода частичного распараллеливания, идея которого заключается в том, что распараллеливанию подвергается не вся программа целиком, а ее части (области распараллеливания) — в них заводятся дополнительные экземпляры требуемых данных, производится распределение этих данных и соответствующих им вычислений., The main difficulty in developing a parallel program for a cluster is the need to make global decisions on the distribution of data and computations, taking into account the properties of the entire program, and then doing the hard work of modifying the program and debugging it. A large amount of code as well as multimoduling, multivariant and multilanguage, make it difficult to make decisions on a consistent distribution of data and computations. The experience of using the previous SAPFOR system showed that, when parallelizing large programs and software packages for a cluster, one should be able to parallelize them gradually, starting with the most time-intensive fragments and gradually adding new fragments until we reach the desired level of parallel program efficiency. For this purpose, the previous system was completely redesigned and a new system SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization) was created. To solve this problem, the method of incremental or partial arallelization will be considered in this paper. The idea of this method is that not the entire program is subjected to parallelization, but only its parts (parallelization regions) where additional versions of the required data are created and distributed and the corresponding computations are performed. This paper also discusses the application of automated mapping of programs to a cluster using the proposed incremental parallelization method and using the example of a NPB (NAS Parallel Benchmarks) software package., ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ: НОВЫЕ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, Выпуск 4 2020

The paper explores the key problems of establishing the type of negative information and differentiating between facts and opinions. This is one of the most challenging problems of forensic linguistics that requires a robust methodological framework to be tackled successfully. When faced with this problem, the expert has to deal with the ambiguity of terminology and wording of questions, as well as the complexity of the object of study – the semantics of statements encountered in acts of speech. The paper analyzes the content of key terms traditionally used to address this forensic problem, and offers a possible solution. The so-called “factual square” is a method based on analyzing a statement against four semantic parameters: presence of statement of past action; verifiability of this statement on the basis of specificity of description of the action and its potential observability; lack of alternative, i.e. indication of a different possibility; the purpose of conveying negative information. The paper also analyzes the basic types of factual information and offers specific examples of semantic analysis of statements using the proposed approach.

The research is aimed at developing and testing a methodology for analyzing demographic potential of Russian regions. The initial data are the regional official Russian statistics indicators. We proposed an approach for assessing the demographic potential based on a differentiated analysis of its quantitative and qualitative components. The paper presents the developed methodology for estimating the demographic potential, combining multidimensional data classification (fuzzy clustering) and expert assessments. Application of the proposed methodology revealed five specific models in the demographic space of Russia. The first model combines a low level of quantitative components of the demographic potential with a high level of its quality. The second model is characterized by average levels of both components. In the third model, an average level of the quantitative component is accompanied by a rather low level of the demographic potential’s quality. The fourth model combines a high level of quantitative component of the demographic potential with an imbalance of its quality indicators, and the fifth — a high level of both components. We have obtained estimates for the quantitative and qualitative components of the demographic potential for each region and rated them. This has allowed identifying “anchor”-regions and “driver”-regions, as well as regions with the most and least balanced assessments of the two components. The paper shows the potential application of the developed methodology. In particular, this methodology allows identifying groups of regions, which need the implementation of specific measures for increasing the quantity and improving the quality of the demographic potential. The most significant limitation of the developed methodology is the lack of a complete set of indicators in the official Russian statistics for assessing the demographic potential. Future research will be aimed at applying fuzzy clustering methods to various demographic phenomena, since this approach takes into account the natural uncertainty, which is typical for such processes and, therefore, makes the results of demographic analysis more formalized and valid. © 2019 The Linguistic Association of Finland. All Rights Reserved. Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation The article has been prepared within the research project “Fertility and parenting in Russian regions: models, invigoration strategies, forecasts“, supported by the President of Russian Federation (the grant No. NSh-3429.2018.6).

The purpose of the paper is the continuation of a cycle of the methodological articles, called to help work of young researchers. The general dissatisfaction with quality and results of research work in an education sphere and pedagogics has been largely caused not only insufficient level of methodological culture of competitors of scientific degrees and researchers-experts, but also their inability to choose a work technology of procedure of research that will be adequate to the purposes, problems and a plan of it. The present article is also devoted to this problem. Methods . The methods of the analysis, synthesis, idealisation, generalisation of author’s experience, a concrete definition and modelling are used. Results and scientific novelty . The general technology of scientific search in an education sphere is presented; the technology is developed on the basis of long-term experience of the Tyumen scientific and pedagogical school, and justified in practice. The author doesn’t take into consideration the rigid technology of algorithmic type which is hardly useful in works of creative character; but in the present case – frame technology that defines the expedient organisation, sequence of stages of work and its corresponding maintenance. The following technology components are described: self-determination of the researcher or research group on the basis of creation and the statement of the developed project of all procedures of search; statement of questions on initial allocation of the problem conducting ideas, a plan-way of its realisation; project performance, its ascertaining and a reformative part, research procedures (the basic stage); summarising, generalisation of the research performed, a writing of the text of report documents, preparation of total publications. Examples of typical errors of the young scientists who do not own the technology of scientific activity are given. Practical significance. Proposed recommendations stated in the paper are designated for teachers-researchers, students, master’s students, post-graduate students and doctoral students, mastering practical methodology of scientific and pedagogical search, and also to the supervisors of studies, aspiring to raise efficiency and content of the tutorial activity.

The paper investigates invertible linear differential operators. Description of such operators is an important problem, because it is related to transformations of control systems. Namely, a C-transformation is an invertible transformation when the variables of one system are expressed in terms of variables and derivatives of dependent variables with respect to independent variables of second system. The lack of a useful description of C-transformations does not allow developing the theory of their application. C-Transformations of linear systems are represented as invertible linear differential operators. In the case of nonlinear systems, linearizations of C-transformations are interpreted as invertible linear differential operators. Therefore, the study of invertible linear differential operators should be considered as the first step to the description of C-transformations of both linear and nonlinear systems.This paper is the second work devoted to the description of invertible linear differential operators with one independent variable and their generalizations. In the first work, a table of integers was associated to each invertible linear differential operator. These tables were described in terms of elementary geometry. Thus some elementary-geometrical model was assigned an invertible operator. This model was called a d-scheme. Invertible linear differential operators are classified by d-schemes.An invertible operator is not uniquely determined by its d-scheme. It was shown in previous work how to construct some invertible differential operators for a given d-scheme and what mathematical structures still should be given for this construction. However, a description of all invertible operators with a given d-scheme was not there obtained.In this work, a complete description of all invertible linear differential operators with a given d-scheme is obtained. In addition, this result and the results of the first article are generalized to invertible mappings of filtered modules generated by one differentiation. In particular, the linearizations of C-transformations and mappings determined by unimodular matrices are such generalized invertible operators.The results of this paper can be used to describe C-transformations of control systems and to classify such systems.DOI: 10.7463/mathm.0415.0812952

The paper considers topical issues of constructing relay systems to control spacecraft attitude and stabilization with no speed sensors (SS) owing to use of internal feedback (IF). To research this system by point methods, e.g. a point mapping method, is difficult because of the need to solve the transcendent equations containing parameters both of control object and of IF. We propose the “diagram of superimpositions" (DS) method based on topological transformations of the phase space and introduction of a relative time, which enables us to solve engineering problems in analysis and synthesis effectively.The concept of the method is based on the assertion that there is an unambiguous dependence between quality of dynamical regimes in the control system and characteristics of IF transition function. To justify the method a simplified mathematical model of spacecraft motion is applied. The following conditions are accepted: perturbations can be neglected; when the control function is activated, the signal of IF is equal to zero. To the phase surfaces are applied topological symmetry transformations, alignment and projection onto the plane with one of its coordinates being the relative time.The paper gives specific examples of systems with aperiodic feedback (AF) for two versions of parameters to satisfy the requirements: I – in quality of self-oscillation mode (by pulse width in the limit cycle); II – in quality of transition process (lack of sliding modes). It is shown that the requirements II and I are contradictory for the system with AF while the sliding modes are unacceptable.It is shown that DS can be used to synthesize the IF to meet requirements of both steady and transient processes consistently. Using the IF it is possible to implement the shutdown laws of the control action on the DS without SS, the same as in case of using the SS. It is shown that in sliding modes transient processes poor in quality can be completely eliminated by choosing the proper form and parameters of the transition function of IF.The DS topological structure features representing object and IF parameters separately are advantages of the method. A character of the transient process and its quality characteristics are defined by the views and parameters of the curvilinear stairs to DS, squeezing into the limiting cycle. An available binary field of curvilinear coordinates makes it easy to do geometric constructions. DS is of great value for analytical solution of problems concerning IF analysis and synthesis.

The current system of higher education has a focus on fundamentalization, through which students receive the necessary basic knowledge for self-education and the formation of a unified worldview scientific theory in the learning process. Mathematics occupies a special place in the system of Sciences. In training of future teachers of computer technologies mathematics has a significant role and is an important component of basic training. The paper presents the main objectives of mathematical training of students in information science, defines the concepts of "mathematical culture", "math training" and "algorithmic thinking" and describes their relationships. On the basis of mathematical training of students it is possible to form mathematical culture and algorithmic thinking. The paper discusses the main factors influencing low level of quality of mathematical training of future Computer Technologies teachers: a drop in the quality of mathematical training of University entrants, clip-thinking of contemporary students, the low interest of students to studying of disciplines of a mathematical cycle. To solve this problem, tha authors proposed a comprehensive approach based on the combination of methodological approaches, such as differentiated, system and personal-activity. Also, a hypothesis is proposed about the efficient use of information technology in teaching mathematics to increase the level of mathematical training of future Computer technologies teachers.

The current paper examines the features of a film review as a specific genre from the perspective of discursive pedagogy and the ways of expressing opinions and evaluations as genre and text characteristics. The paper also offers a set of tasks for Linguistics students in which they learn how to write film reviews within a writing course. A film review is considered a polydiscursive text combining different types of discourses: discours of a reviewer, of a film director, of the film itself, of some other people, of some other films, etc. We also treat a film review as an interdiscursive text, as a discourse about another discourse. The specific features of a discursive medium of a film review determine the structure of the film review, which a teacher should bear in mind when working with students. A film review is a secondary text based on the film, its main function is to give opinions on a film. Opinions are represented in all parts of a film review. Different lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of language are employed to express evaluations and opinions. A given set of tasks will teach students how to analyse film reviews and how to create their own film reviews in a foreign language, which helps to form professionally-important communicative abilities of prospective translators

In the process of performing a complex of works on refueling of civil aviation aircraft, one of the key issues is to ensure flight safety by controlling the quality of aviation fuel directly during refueling operations. Currently, to ensure the purity of the refueled jet fuel, water separators with filter elements of a normalized degree of purification are installed on the aircraft refueling facilities, the operation of which in the working area provides normalized indicators of cleaning jet fuel from water and mechanical impurities. As practice shows, in the process of refueling aircraft, for various objective and subjective reasons, sometimes there are stochastic situations in which quality indicators go beyond the limits established by regulatory documentation and are not deterministic, and the subsequent state of such a system is described by values that characterize an extremely low level of jet fuel purification with negative consequences for flight safety. This paper presents a mathematical description of the functioning of water separator filters in the working area, where standardized indicators of the quality of aviation fuel are provided during the refueling of aircraft. The article deals with the issue of blocking the refueling of aircraft in the event of the appearance of non-normalized technical documentation indicators of the quality of aviation fuel, which arise due to a number of different factors that lead to negative cause-and-effect relationships for flight safety. Based on the mathematical description, an approach to creating a system for protecting and blocking the refueling process under the working name "Barrier" is proposed. Of the greatest interest for the study are typical water separator filters installed on refueling vehicles as terminal technical devices for fuel purification during refueling of aircraft.

In the XXI century, “trust” becomes a category that manifests itself in a variety of ways and affects many areas of human activity, including the economy and business. With the development of information and communication technologies and end-to-end technologies, this influence is becoming more and more noticeable. A special place in digital technologies is occupied by human trust when interacting with artificial intelligence and machine learning systems. In this case, trust becomes a potential stumbling block in the field of further development of interaction between artificial intelligence and humans. Trust plays a key role in ensuring recognition in society, continuous progress and development of artificial intelligence.The article considers human trust in artificial intelligence and machine learning systems from different sides. The main objectives of the research paper are to structure existing research on this subject and identify the most important ways to create trust among potential consumers of artificial intelligence products. The article investigates the attitude to artificial intelligence in different countries, as well as the need for trust among users of artificial intelligence systems and analyses the impact of distrust on business. The authors identified the factors that are crucial in the formation of the initial level of trust and the development of continuous trust in artificial intelligence.

The purpose of the research is to develop and improve human resources of an organization by using a competence model in the field of lean production. The following methods are used: methods of generalization, comparative analysis, induction, decomposition, formalization, and modeling. The results: the paper defines the essence and necessity of a competency-based approach in mastering the philosophy, principles and tools of lean production. Nowadays, lean manufacturing is a harmonious frame of reference that can be represented in the form of four levels: philosophy, values, principles, tools. The widespread introduction of lean manufacturing allows you to improve processes, concentrate efforts on creating value for a consumer, and reduce the waste of time and resources of all kinds. Also, the article presents a matrix of lean competencies, which allows you to assess the most important competencies for specific positions and allows employees to compare their own ideas about themselves, their potential with the ideas of a manager and, in accordance with this, to orient their way of action in the field of lean production, advanced training. The conclusion: the development and improvement of human resources, including pedagogical, scientific and scientific and pedagogical workers, engineering and technical workers are directly dependent on the management system. The person who owns deeply the knowledge of lean production and the skills of their application in various fields: production, management, healthcare, education, social sphere plays the major role. Therefore, the competency model presented in the research in the field of lean technolo- gies will be focused on achieving strategic goals, improving organization processes, reducing losses, and therefore add value to the organization. Assessment of employees using the competency matrix will allow the head of an organization to analyze the approaches and tools used by him in the field of lean manufacturing and offer training in innovative educational programs and technologies that ensure high quality of development of lean competencies.

The analysis of features and usability of online services of four platforms Simpoll, Survio, Mentometer and Google Forms that can be taken into account by teachers when choosing them for creating an educational resource. The most significant differences between these services and the factors that contribute to the rapid content filling of online surveys for any educational activities, taking into account their features, are identified. The main features of each of the presented services are described. The paper presents the results of designing a digital event using an open survey form on the example of an ecological and mathematical interactive rapid test for students of all forms and types of education. The survey on the quality of the event showed a high 85% level of satisfaction and interest of respondents in this testing format.

Introduction . The field of augmented reality (AR) is growing rapidly and has great advances in interaction, navigation and tracking. Nowadays there are a lot of trends for AR applications in different areas (education, entertainment, business, medicine, etc.). However, there is a lack of research to provide the evaluating AR apps framework to support developers when creating suitable AR applications for specific needs. We provide a practical approach to quantify some of the AR applications features. We focus on the development of criteria for evaluating augmented reality applications. We discuss the criteria of choosing dimensions for that space such as standards for AR, tools for AR development, navigation and tracking, content management, usability. We provide analysis and evaluation of AR apps through each characteristic using guidelines which we have developed. Materials and Methods . An AR application is a software application that integrates digital visual, audio and other types of content into a real-world environment. The software quality and performance are the main characteristics of the application, which are key factors for AR applications. The analysis of scientific papers, documents and standards made it possible to determine characteristics that are the most significant quality indicators based on well-grounded users’ needs and demands. Results. The criteria we have developed for evaluating applications with augmented reality enable developers to create their own software products in stages, based on step-by-step requirements for them, evaluating the development process by characteristics. This approach will allow you to create high-quality software products using standardized, modern development tools. Discussion and Conclusions . In addition, developers will have a detailed understanding of each stage of creating the application and the necessary development tools and technologies to obtain the highest quality result. That will give an opportunity to decide on specific development tools, methods, models and technologies before starting work on a project. As a result, it will provide the final high-quality software product with good extensibility and compliance with the modern requirements of the digital industry market.

The article discusses the various possibilities of using ICTs in teaching Russian as a foreign language at the University of Pisa and the methods of working with a modern virtual educational environment. A brief description of the modern educational environment (and, more broadly, ecosystem) that has developed under the influence of informatization, computerization and digitalization of society in the late XX — early XXI centuries is proposed. The paper also focuses on the ways in which the Blended learning approach as an integration of classroom and online learning is put in practice by using the E-learning system and Moodle tools. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of working with the multimedia corpus of the Russian language MURCO in teaching grammar. In particular, it is demonstrated that the use of the corpus allows developing pragmatic language competence and mastering adaptation mechanisms for the adequate implementation of communicative intentions within any social scenario. In language teaching, the recognition of the need to study pragmatics using corpus data is due to the fact that the design of the verbal-semantic and linguo-cognitive levels of the secondary language personality is not enough to form a stable communicative skill. Reaching the third and the highest, i.e. pragmatic level of functioning of the secondary language personality, which allows to realize communicative-activity needs, is impossible without immersion in the environment (which can be artificially recreated) of the language being studied. In particular, it will be demonstrated how the analysis of micro-dialogs from the MURCO corpus, illustrating imperative speech acts, allows not only to describe the elements of the “expanded” semantics of the imperative mood in the Russian language, but also to reveal the socio-pragmatic factors of its use.

The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting

When introducing a new product or service to the market, a manufacturer or retailer is faced with the need to develop a promotion strategy. Taking into account the recent trends in e-commerce and social media marketing, it makes sense to evaluate the possibility of borrowing promotion strategies from producers of abstract, potentially monetized electronic content. The article considers the activity of advertising bots using the example of the social network Facebook. The paper carries out an autocorrelation analysis of the observation results and reveals the frequency of automated requests to the user by advertising bots. The authors construct an autoregressive model of the dynamics of the activity of advertising bots and verbalize Facebook’s strategy to increase traffic to the information space controlled by the social network.

Requirements figure prominently in information system development. Both development phase of the system and phase of its verification depends on how qualitative requirements are. That is why it"s required to describe requirements as accurately and correctly as it possible. One of the properties that define quality of requirements collecting is completeness. The paper shows that if one obtains sources and symptoms of the requirements incompleteness (completeness absence), classifies, generalizes and clarifies them then one can check requirements for these symptoms while collecting requirements or after that. This will sufficiently decrease the incompleteness of the requirements and thus improve their quality. The paper contains some symptoms of incompleteness have already been revealed and explains the reason of their appearance. These symptoms have been revealed by analyzing the documentation of some important industrial projects.

This paper analyzed two libraries for implementation of automata in dynamic languages. The comparison has been made based on modifying the functionality of the Restful-authentication plugin for Ruby on Rails framework. These libraries allow transferring a graphical model into a source code. Moreover library developed by the authors of the paper provide a method for creation of state groups which reduces the number of transitions required to implement the automaton in the code. Also this library preserved the hierarchy of the parent automata after inheritance. Using developed library it is possible to perform a reverse engineering and restore the original graphical model from the source code.

The introduction of the state paradigm of Smart Government allows governments to transform states or individual regions into intelligent ecosystems that use the latest technologies to improve the quality of municipal and state services, create business environments for sustainable economic development, reduce costs and stimulate economical consumption of natural resources. The lack of a consistent conceptual framework as a theoretical platform for the phenomenon of Smart Government inhibits further research and the solving of practical problems in this field. The paper aims to tackle the problem of the ambiguous definition of Smart Government. The methodological basis embraces the theory of network society and the concept of Society of Knowledge. The research method is a scientometric analysis of publications on the formation of Smart Government as a supreme form of e-Government presented in scientific and analytical publications over the past twenty years. The research analyses the key interpretations of Smart Government, identifies its fundamental characteristics and formulates the authors’ integrated definition of the phenomenon. The findings show that the issue under discussion gained in popularity during the period of 2014–2019. The study identifies authors and consulting companies that develop models for the transition to smart management both at regional and state levels. It also deals with the sectoral and thematic structure of the publication flow on the issue and reveals the problem of ambiguity of the Smart Government definition. Using semantic analysis, the authors propose their own definition of the concept of Smart Government, which is a developed e-Government based on open management that integrates physical, digital, public and private environments for passive and active interaction and cooperation with citizens so as to support sustainable and flexible development of services and opportunities provided. Five structural elements of the Smart Government are identified by the method of structural-logical analysis: smart indicators, smart goals, smart solutions, technology platform, and technologies. The current research can serve as a theoretical basis for creating smart government transition methods.

Growing vehicle variant diversity, legal requirements to reduce fleet CO2 emissions and innovations in the area of drive train technologies, coupled with the increasing pressure to cut costs, pose new challenges for parties in the automotive sector. An implementation of optimized development and production processes supports the effective handling of these challenges. One important aspect includes engineering efficiency improvement by optimizing the entire automotive bodywork development process and the involved data management. Research activities focus on the data exchange processes between design, simulation and production engineering within various CAx environments. This concerns constantly changing boundary conditions and requirements in the area of automotive body development, including but not limited to the introduction of new materials and material combinations and new types of joining technologies. From the viewpoint of an automotive engineering supplier, additional challenges caused by different customer-related development environments have to be considered. To overcome these challenges, various data exchange strategies between OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer), automotive suppliers and the use of different data management tools need to be investigated. In this context, the paper presents an approach of an optimized data exchange process of CAD-based data between different CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) environments that supports the entire body development, including data provision for manufacturing engineering. In addition, an optimization of data exchange processes saves development costs and improves the product quality.

The paper is devoted to the methodological tasks of conducting transdisciplinary research of TI, that have been leading to the tasks of integrating the knowledge of various stakeholders. The methodological framework of the study includes a systematic approach, the provisions of knowledge engineering and social psychology. The methodological basis of TI is formulated, the essence of which is the identification, coordination and integration of individual and collective structures of knowledge. The requirements to the procedure of knowledge integration of different stakeholders are defined: to form an understanding of the complexity of problems, to take into account the diversity of the real world and scientific perception of problems, the link of abstract and specific knowledge of a particular situation, the use of the concept of the common good as a regulatory basis for harmonizing multiple values and norms. Conceptual models are considered as an integration tool. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the rationale for the application of methods of joint conceptual modeling as a tool for integration and coordination of various types of knowledge and organization of communication processes in a stakeholders group.

The paper is devoted to studying the experience of Russian organizations in solving the problem of automation of one of the main HR functions — motivation and work incentives of employees of the organizations. After personnel administration, HR motivation management has become the second HR function, which is successfully automated in Russian organizations. The methodological basis of the study is a modern understanding of the theory of human capital. The research methodology provides for the reconstruction of the labor stimulation process based on the development and implementation of key performance indicators in conjunction with the automation processes of operational HR processes. The work results as follows: systematization of software that automates the basic processes for staff motivation; development of recommendations for HR departments on the development and implementation of an automated system of main performance indicators. The authors have proved that the correctly implemented automation of the HR function to calculate compensation and benefits during the transition to a more complex remuneration system makes it possible in practice not just to increase the economic results of the organization, but also to implement the fundamental principle of effective management — the principle of a fair assessment of the results of each employee’s work.

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market.

The emergence of e-learning transforms behavioural patterns of all participants in the education market. It is necessary to try alternative approaches and marketing tools to design effective online courses and ensure their integration to the educational process. The article analyses the opportunities and constraints on using the key marketing concept of customer satisfaction in terms of e-learning. In marketing, satisfaction is the central indicator of a company’s performance and success, since it serves as a prerequisite for expanding the customer base and building loyalty. The methodological framework embraces the theories of strategic marketing and consumer behaviour. The empirical part of the study includes the qualitative (identification of factors affecting satisfaction) and quantitative stages (method for assessing student satisfaction, including satisfaction indices and building a perceptual map). The methods applied by the authors encompass factor and cluster analysis. With the help of the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), we indicate that the current level of overall satisfaction with online courses provided by the National Open Education Platform is high (79 %). Based on perceptual maps, as well as factor and cluster analysis, the paper highlights a number of factors that are the most important for student satisfaction and categorizes them into groups. The most significant factor is the course design, and the least significant one is learning outcomes control, which includes the certificate value and the proctoring procedure. The method for assessing student satisfaction with e-learning is of use when designing online courses based on the in-depth understanding of the needs of online platforms’ users.

Design solutions of domestic VLSI were obtained as a result of the application of computeraided design tools of a foreign supplier (CAD Synopsys, Cadence Design Systems and Mentor Graphics), based on standard libraries of PDK elements (Project Design KIT) of factories and IC-modules also supplied mainly by foreign companies. As a rule, the developer does not have its own production facilities, using the services provided by foreign factories (fablesscompanies). Due to this fact, relevant are the studies aimed at the development of a complex of measures, excluding the possibility of unauthorized changes into IC, i.e. protection of projects against intentional hardware and technology violations made during the formation of the control information for handing it over to the production facility and/or in case of IC manufacture at the factory. This paper considers this task from the standpoint of the analysis of the methodology of design for testability (DFT), i.e., a complex of measures that provide obtaining solutions at the design stage. The solutions include the verification of the correct performance of the manufactured chip by means of external tests and/or self-testing procedures. It was proposed, inter alia: 1) to analyze the libraries of standard elements used in the project with full disclosure of their specifications; 2) to create nodes with the physical non-cloning function in the projects on the basis of the libraries of standard elements in models and analysis programs; 3) to analyze IP modules used in the project with the maximum disclosure of structure, methods and algorithms for providing test coverings; 4) to provide for the development in projects of special test kits and methods of their generation at the design stage of functions in order to detect malicious nodes and programs both within SoC cores and at the level of system buses; 5) to develop at the design stage and to apply during tests a technique of special hardware measurements of parameters of the manufactured circuits and analysis of their results, inter alia, according to measurements of delays in distribution of signals and/or buses current consumption.

This paper presents a variant of using an artificial neural network (ANN) for adaptive learning. The main idea of using ANN is to apply it for a specific educational material, so that after completing the course or its separate topic, the student can determine, not only his level of knowledge, without the teacher’s participation, but also get some recommendations on what material needs to be studied further due to gaps in the studied issues. This approach allows you to build an individual learning trajectory, significantly reduce the time to study academic disciplines and improve the quality of the educational process. The training of an artificial neural network takes place according to the method of back propagation of an error. The developed ANN can be applied to study any academic discipline with a different number of topics and control questions. The research results are implemented and tested in the CATS adaptive training system. This system is the author's development.

The article deals with the modernization and adjustment of the fine chalk grinding process. The crushing process is an energy-consuming procedure, annually spent about 5% of all energy produced on Earth, including the energy of internal combustion engines. This indicates its great importance. In addition to the cost of electricity, large expenses go to repair the equipment. The greatest replacements are made on the main working parts of machines. In the course of substitutions a lot of time is spent, in order not to spend this rather important resource, it is necessary to approach this procedure from a scientific point of view. The organization and conduct of research on the replacement of the main working parts of crushers and mills will increase the productivity of the main equipment, improve the quality of the finished product and reduce production costs in terms of energy saving. Modernization and adjustment of technological equipment in order to improve the production process of fine chalk significantly increase the service life of the main equipment. For this purpose, it is proposed to conduct an active experiment. Before carrying out the experiment, it is necessary to set the model. The classical regression analysis is based on the assumption that the model type is a priori specified with accuracy to the parameters, and that an experiment has already been implemented that supplies the initial data for the regression construction. Hence, the problem is to choose the best method of data processing. In this paper, we propose a fundamentally new approach-automatic evaluation of the model options on a set of indicators, the calculation of which is based on a set of pareto-optimal variants of the model.The proposed method made it possible to identify two best alternatives out of 16384. Obviously, this approach can be easily modified for any other set of regression model quality criteria.

Introduction. Production processes quality depends largely on the management infrastructure, in particular, on the information system (IS) effectiveness. Company management pays increasingly greater attention to the safety protection of this sphere. Financial, material and other resources are regularly channeled to its support. In the presented paper, some issues on the development of a safety enterprise information system are considered.Materials and Methods. Protection of the enterprise IS considers some specific aspects of the object, and immediate threats to IT security. Within the framework of this study, it is accepted that IS are a complex of data resources. A special analysis is resulted in determining categories of threats to the enterprise information security: hacking; leakage; distortion; loss; blocking; abuse. The connection of these threats, IS components and elements of the protection system is identified. The requirements of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and international standards regulating this sphere are considered. It is shown how the analysis results enable to validate the selection of the elements of the IS protection system.Research Results. A comparative analysis of the regulatory literature pertinent to this issue highlights the following. Different documents offer a different set of elements (subsystems) of the enterprise IS protection system. To develop an IS protection program, you should be guided by the FSTEC Order No. 239 and 800-82 Revision 2 Guide to ICS Security.Discussion and Conclusions. The presented research results are the basis for the formation of the software package of intellectual support for decision-making under designing an enterprise information security system. In particular, it is possible to develop flexible systems that allow expanding the composition of the components (subsystems).

Introduction. The study is concerned with revealing specific aspects of use of implicit knowledge when combined sequence is learned. The paper focuses on the problem of unconscious perception of multiple information. Unlike most of other researches in implicit learning, the present study probes into implicit knowledge usage under condition of conscious manipulation of one of several parameters in combined sequence. The aim of the study is to reveal aspects of implicit knowledge use in combined sequences learning. Materials and Methods. “Sequences learning” experimental technique was implemented to find out attributes of implicit knowledge gaining and usage in sensomotor tasks. 9 geometrical figures of different forms and colours were exposed 15 times sequentially in the certain order during the training phase of the study. Participants were asked to press certain key after a figure of relevant form appeared on the screen as quick as they can. During the test phase that followed, participants were asked to press a certain key after a figure of relevant colour appeared on the screen. Conditions varied depending on whether one or another pattern (by form or by color) was implemented in the sequence of stimulus. Time of sensorimotor reaction in serial reaction task was used as empirical marker of learning efficacy. The procedure was carried out on a typical serial laptop with screen resolution 1366x768 pixels running a program specially written for the present study. Results. We have found that a person is capable to learn implicitly several patterns in structured information presented during the “sequence learning” task. There is no interference between different rules that were learned. Implicit knowledge about the pattern of relevant parameter has a major impact on solving the task that needs conscious control. Thereafter, learning the pattern of irrelevant parameter has no significant effect. Discussion and Conclusion. Learning of combined sequences can lead to positive and negative effects on further actions. Positive effect occurs when implicitly learned sequence corresponds to conditions of the task (relevant parameter remains). Negative effect occurs when sequence does not correspond to conditions of the task (relevant parameter changes). Positive and negative aftereffects of combined sequences learning can be interpreted as an expression of complex type setting phenomena: these effects occur because of unconscious state of readiness to perceive an appearance of objects in a certain way. The results can be useful for educational programme developers, especially in trai ning to use different kind of interfaces.

Предлагаются алгоритм и построенная на его основе программа оценки эффективного кодирования источника сигналов при их преобразованиях в различных метрических пространствах (в частности, для широко используемого в настоящее время аналого-цифрового преобразования непрерывного сигнала в двоичный). Алгоритм оценки учитывает показатели искажений при кодировании двоичным кодом,вероятности появления этих искажений при передаче элементов сообщения и вероятности появления сообщения в канале связи. Помимо самого алгоритма, предложены его программная реализация, созданная с помощью языка программирования 0#,а также усовершенствованный интерфейс на базе MS Excel. В программной реализации имеется графическая среда для пользователя., This paper proposes an algorithm and a program built on its basis for evaluating the effective coding of a signal source during their transformations in various metric spaces, and, in particular, for the currently widely used analog-to-digital conversion of a continuous signal to a binary signal. The estimation algorithm takes into account the indicators of distortions under binary coding, the probability of occurrence of these distortions when transmitting message elements, and the probability of a message appearing in the communication channel. In addition to the algorithm itself, its software implementation, created using the C# programming language, and an improved interface based on MS Excel are proposed. Software implementation has a graphical user environment., Труды НИИР, Выпуск 4 (3) 2020

Introduction . Today, the issues of formation and assessment of professional competencies of students of the highest professional educational institutions are widely discussed in the scientific community. A large number of the Russian and foreign publications are devoted to the problems of competency-based approach. However, there is still no general technique for assessing a competency level formation as the characteristics of each program of training of specialists are so specific that it is impossible to build up a unified universal professional competency framework. The aim of the publication is to present the author’s methodology for assessing student courseworks in terms of the academic discipline “Databases” which is studied during a bachelor program “Business Informatics” based on the competency-based approach. Methodology and research methods. The research described in the publication is recognized as being empirical-exploratory and experimental. The content analysis of the Federal State Educational Standard of the Highest Education (FSES HE), the data mining technology and statistical methods of data processing were applied in the course of the present research. Results and scientific novelty. Taking into account the features of the competency-focused model of educational process and specifics of the field of vocational education, the criteria for assessing the quality of student courseworks are formulated. The relationship of these diagnostics criteria with the competencies stated in the educational standard is shown. This article demonstrates how it is possible to assess the general structure and separate sections of student courseworks using the means of the offered indicators. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) the system current control of professional competencies mastering is necessary for timely correcting of individual educational trajectories; 2) the assessment of professional competencies of students means diagnostics of preparation results including a large number of various criteria; 3) the unified approach to level formation measurement of professional competencies is impossible due to complexity and heterogeneity of their structure; 4) there is a need for the variability as well possibility of increase or reduction (association) of criteria for assessment of professional competencies in order to identify the most significant indicators of effectiveness and quality of a particular academic paper. Practical significance. The method provided enables to establish the relationship between contents of the training program and the requirements of FSES; to concretize assessment of competencies and to give reasons for its numerical indicators. Under a certain adaptation, this technique for assessment of student courseworks of economic and technical specialties can be applied for assessment of other academic works of students.

Subject . The diversity and significance of existing different economic systems cannot be overestimated. Therefore, it is obvious that they need to be investigated, adapted, designed and used. Purpose . The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a search study in the field of modern organizations management tools. The quality and effectiveness of managerial activity is currently determined not so much by the paradigms, concepts or principles used, but rather by the forms and content of the elements of the process activity used, and by the level of performance of professional managerial tasks. Methodology . The research consisted in the analysis of modern developments in the field of business process management in socio-economic systems. Materials on structuring and classification of management activity from various points of view were used. A study and review of various means and methods of management wascarried out. The most common structural unit of management activity in practice and in many scientific works is the task, which is a complex of procedures for converting input information into output information, performed at a certain time with a given quality. Among the implementation tools, the methods of performing the procedures, the methods of making managerial decisions and the elements of management were chosen. Results . The instrumental support of solving the tasks of the subprocess management of the development of managers of the organization was accomplished. Their composition is determined, the characteristic is given and features of their application are considered. It was shown the distribution of management tools for the tasks of the subprocess management of the development of managers of the organization. Practical implementation of tools to provide technologies for the application of management tasks in the organization is shown. Conclusions . The research is valuable for teachers, managers and consultants who conduct training, retraining and development of the professional competence of managers in organizations of any profile, taking into account industry specificity. Thus, the use of management technology tools allows to improve the quality and efficiency of the activities of a modern organization.

The interaction between conjunction a and its concretizations po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti is examined. The research urgency is caused by necessity of comprehensive study of each function unit, expressing certain types of relations, the importance of identifying its constructive and co-occurrence possibilities. Practical implementation of the research of function vocabulary at the modern stage is seen in the possibility of a lexicographic representation of received information in special dictionaries. The paper provides a brief overview of the linguistic literature devoted to the description of lexemes po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti as lexicalized word forms and discursive words. The article focuses on the types of structures built on the basis of a combination of the conjunction a and mentioned concretizations. The novelty of the study lies in obtained results, not previously observed in works devoted to the studied conjunction and its concretizations. The analysis establishes that the conjunction a and mentioned concretizations have matching semantic elements, and that such a coincidence indicates the semantic coordination between the conjunction and its concretizations. The article shows the specificity of the structures with the conjunction a allowing to explicate adversative semantics of the lexemes po suti , po suchshestvu , v suchshnosti .

The paper for the first time discusses nine formal characteristics and certifications of the outstanding Russian scientist Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov related to the military and the first postwar years (1944–1950). Their analysis allows detecting the manifestations of the properties of the personality and character of the young combat officer, and then of a student of the military Academy, which later became the basis of his scientific achievements, but also determined the conflict with the administrative-command system.

Современная когнитивная наука понимает сознание как высокоуровневое состояние информационных систем. Сравнение атрибутивного и функционального подходов к пониманию генетического статуса информации показывает, что функциональный подход не согласуется с принципом эпистемологической полноты физики и принципом каузальной замкнутости физического мира. Атрибутивный подход, напротив, согласуется с этими фундаментальными принципами, на которых базируется вся современная естественная наука. Однако он нуждается в обосновании онтологического единства энергии и информации на самых элементарных уровнях материального бытия. С этой целью в статье приводятся два аргумента аргумент от отсутствия тождества и квантово-механический аргумент. В заключительной части статьи прослеживаются эвристические возможности атрибутивной концепции информации для инкорпорирования в научную картину мира нередуцируемых к физическим процессам феноменов ментального порядка., Modern cognitive science understands consciousness as a high-level state of information systems. The comparison of the attributive and functional approaches to understanding the genetic status of information shows that the functional approach does not agree with the principle of epistemological comprehensiveness of physics and the principle of causal closure of the physical world. The attributive approach, on the contrary, is consistent with these fundamental principles, on which all modern natural science is based. However, it needs to justify the ontological unity of energy and information at the most elementary levels of material existence. The paper presents two arguments to this end: the argument from the absence of identity and the quantum mechanical argument. The final part of the article traces the heuristic possibilities of the attributive concept of information for incorporation of mental phenomena, which are not reduced to physical processes, into the scientific picture of the world., Научное мнение, Выпуск 11 2019

В настоящее время проблема недостаточной эффективности работы суперкомпьютерных комплексов во многом связана с тем, что администраторы таких систем не всегда могут своевременно обнаруживать и устранять причины снижения эффективности. Это в большей степени касается не выхода из строя оборудования (такие случаи можно отслеживать с помощью систем мониторинга), а неявного снижения эффективности работы определенных компонентов суперкомпьютера при условии, что внешне они продолжают работать корректно. Возникновение подобной ситуации связано с тем, что на данный момент нет достаточно гибких и удобных средств для оперативного и комплексного анализа всех характеристик качества работы вычислительных систем. Существующие решения либо позволяют анализировать только небольшую часть таких характеристик, либо представляют собой не универсальные решения, удовлетворяющие только небольшой набор конкретных нужд администраторов определенной системы. В настоящей статье описывается системный подход к решению этого вопроса, который позволит проводить комплексный анализ различных аспектов работы суперкомпьютеров, связанных в первую очередь с выполнением суперкомпьютерных приложений. Разрабатываемый на основе этого подхода программный инструмент предназначен для сбора в рамках единой модели всех наиболее важных данных о свойствах и качестве выполняющихся на суперкомпьютере задач - данные об эффективности их выполнения, размере и длительности, наличии характерных или аномальных сценариев поведения, использовании прикладных пакетов и библиотек и др. С помощью гибких возможностей по агрегации будет задаваться нужная степень детализации, с какой необходимо предоставлять полученную информацию - по отдельным пользователям, проектам, прикладным пакетам, предметным областям, разделам суперкомпьютера, временным диапазонам и др. Это позволит создавать сотни и тысячи различных представлений для анализа состояния суперкомпьютера, что поможет администраторам выбирать наиболее подходящий для них вариант., Currently, the problem of low performance of supercomputer complexes is largely due to the fact that administrators of such complexes cannot always timely detect and eliminate the root causes of reduced efficiency. This largely concerns not the equipment failure (such cases can usually be detected using monitoring systems), but an implicit performance decrease of certain supercomputer components, provided that they seems to continue working correctly. Such a situation arises because there are no sufficiently flexible and convenient software tools for prompt and comprehensive analysis of all the performance quality characteristics of computer systems at the moment. The existing solutions either allow analyzing only a small part of such characteristics or are made as non-universal solutions that satisfy only a small set of specific needs provided by administrators of a particular system. This paper describes a systematic approach to solving this issue, which will allow one to perform a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of supercomputer functioning, primarily related to the execution of supercomputer applications. A software tool developed on the basis of this approach will collect, within a single model, all the most important data on the properties and quality of jobs running on the supercomputer - data on their execution performance, size and duration, presence of specific or abnormal behavior scenarios, the usage of application packages and libraries, etc. Using flexible aggregation capabilities, the required level of detail will be specified - individual users, projects, application packages, subject areas, supercomputer partitions, time ranges, etc. This will allow one to create hundreds and thousands of different views for analyzing the state of the supercomputer, which will help administrators to choose the most suitable option for them., ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ: НОВЫЕ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, Выпуск 3 2019

This paper presents results of topic modeling for text learning materials. Learning materials are electronic lecture notes used by teachers to prepare for computer science classes. Topic modeling methods allow users to systematize the content of textual documents without additional manual work. Main topics in documents are highlighted, and the distribution of topics in documents is demonstrated. In other words, the proposed methods provide the framework for the so-called topic model that puts a set of topics that characterize the content of documents in a given collection of documents. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is used for topic modeling. The implementation is done using the R language. The developed interactive web application provides a set of visual tools for topic modeling to a user (teacher). Visualization techniques gradually improve the ergonomics of a teacher’s work with learning materials and save the time spent on studying, analyzing, and selecting relevant study materials.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-12, В работе представлены результаты тематического моделирования текстовых учебных материалов. Учебные материалы являются электронными конспектами лекций, используемых преподавателями для подготовки к занятиям по информатике. Методы тематического моделирования позволяют без дополнительной ручной работы систематизировать содержание текстовых документов, выделить в них главные темы и показать, как эти темы распределены внутри документов. Другими словами, эти методы позволяют сформировать так называемую тематическую модель, которая ставит в соответствии с заданной коллекцией документов набор тем, характеризующих содержание документов из этой коллекции. В качестве метода тематического моделирования используется латентное размещение Дирихле, а в качестве среды для реализации метода — язык R. Разработанное веб-приложение является интерактивным и предоставляет пользователю (преподавателю) набор визуальных инструментов тематического моделирования. Благодаря визуализации улучшается эргономика работы с учебными материалами, экономится время, затрачиваемое на изучение, анализ, подбор соответствующей учебной литературы.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-12

There is determined the researches direction and the basic alternative versions deal with searching of the possible ways for ensuring of the military commands with weapons and military equipment. The objective limitations deal with production capacity and other limitations deal with existing infrastructure are determined for target function connected with ensuring with weapons and military equipment. Some aspects of economical dependence from foreign samples of weapon and military equipment designed in accordance with ISO standards during life cycle are considered in paper. The basic stages and factors infl uencing on accept of important management solutions are determined. Algorithm of cognitive analysis, which structure includes 7 units and connections between these units, is developed. The rational methods for expert assessment of the alternative versions on ensuring with weapon and military equipment on every stage are specifi ed there. Also, there is clarifi ed a role of automation and artifi cial intellect in that process. Analysis dealing with necessity of intellectual systems for processing of the non-structured data missives in process of management of safety and defense sector during planning with ensuring of weapon and military equipment is carried out.

The purpose of this paper is to study changes in the conditions of the educational process associated with the development of information and communication technologies (ICT). Methods. The main methods of the study were the analysis of scientific publications and regulatory documents, observations, interviews, surveys and questionnaires of students, the data processing, interpretation and analysis. Results. By analogy with the Web-technologies, the concept of educational context (dynamically changing conditions in which educational content is studied) is introduced. Context of educational process can be understood as special conditions, which determine educational purpose; the way (technology) in which the content must be submitted and will be studied; the feedback it is assumed. The features of the ICT context (conditions, arising from the use of ICT), which are characteristic of the current level of information environment are noted. It is shown that some of the negative features (the formalization of teaching materials, excessive use of the computer testing due to it’s simplicity, the easiness of obtaining information, etc.), have been manifested in the education to a greater extent than the features, which can enrich the educational process (multimedia, computer modeling, communications). The results of tests and interviews with undergraduates and high school students have showed that the vast majority of students actively using ICT couldn’t explain the principle of the computer operations, the organization of the Internet or social networks, the search algorithms, etc. However, they are not interested in these issues. Teachers promote superficial approach using ICT only for office work and testing. The importance of the teacher’s role in the ICT context creation achieving adequate quality of education is proved. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The research results can be used while developing basic educational programs of teacher education. The system changes in the context of the educational process have been identified due to the negative aspects of informatization. The conclusion has been made on the need for special approach to the determination of the ICT courses content, serial appropriate combination of traditional educational technology and ICT in the educational process. It has been noted that the information educational environment of modern classical university creates the conditions for the preparation of future teachers who will be ready to solve such problems.

the subject of the paper is the internet newspaper. Being based on a printed newspaper, an internet newspaper is viewed as hybrid, which means that it combines traditional parameters of the prototype and means of information organization and presentation peculiar for the Internet. Among them there are special graphic issuance of text, multimedia features, hypertextuality, a multilayered construction and interactivity.

Purpose. The work is aimed at comprehending good and evil as vectors of free will in the structure of anthropic time.Methodology.The study is based on: 1) the general theory of systems (A. I. Uyomov, A. Yu. Tsofnas, L. N. Terentyeva) – while justifying the possibility of representing the anthropic time as a system in general; 2) synergetics – while considering the anthropic time as a complex self-organizing system; 3) the concept of «а whole in a whole» (I. V. Yershova-Babenko) – while identifying the optimal principle of correlation of the time units, taking into attention their ethical multi-vectority.Originality. In the context of the reconstruction of the concept of anthropic time: 1) the authors revealed ethical vectors of expansion of free will as the driving principle of human temporality (the vectors of «freedom for good» and «freedom for evil»); 2) the authors justified the optimality of using the principle of complementarity in solving the problem of harmonizing the coexistence of units of anthropic time («matryoshkas of time»).Conclusion. 1) In a line with the tradition of anthropologization of the problem of good and evil, these intentions of human activity are interpreted as vectors of free will in the structure of anthropic time; 2) the paper represented anthropic time as a system in general (based on the general theory of systems) and as a complex self-organizing system in particular (based on a synergetic methodology); 3) constituting of the system of anthropic time by the existential-actionable concept allowed to overcome the position of the one-vectored time, i.e.to reveal the ethical binarity of the anthropic time vectors prepared by the duality of expansion of free will as its driving principle; 4) formulation of the problem of discrepancy between the intentions of different temporal systems showed the optimality of the complementarity principle in solving the question how to harmonize the relations of anthropic time units; 5) the conducted research opens prospects for consideration of external determinants of anthropic time, as well as for search of variants of their correlation with the internal mover (free will) in the structure of human temporality.

This scientific paper gives recommendations on the development of the algorithms for computational optimization experiments using the algorithms and OPHEX programs developed by the authors. The following key recommendations have been suggested: 1. Recommendations on the order and sorting interval of independent variables. These recommendations were worked out using the data of the ranging of independent variables in terms of their influence on optimization results. The order of influence of these variables for different types of equipment has been given. 2. Recommendations on the choice of optimal media rates. The values of optimal rates of heat carriers used at the present time for manual and automatic calculations were obtained long ago and therefore these fail to take into account changed economic factors and require more accurate definition. The data of multiple calculations were generalized and the recommendations on the selection of optimal rates for heat carriers were worked out taking into consideration current prices and their change with an increase in energy and material prices was predicted. 3. Recommendations on the possibility of simplification of the models for some calculations with no significant loss in the general computation accuracy. This section gives the conclusions on the degree of influence produced by the individual parts of computation on its general results and optimization results on the whole. We came to the conclusions based on the data of computational experiments. The recommendations given can be included in the form of heuristics into the optimization algorithms of the plate-type heat exchanges that considerably reduces the dimension of optimization problem and allows us to increase its efficiency at the same machine resource.