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The paper analyzes approaches to interpretation of a competitive advantage source in various schools of strategic management. Systematizing concepts and approaches of foreign and national researchers within the framework of this or that strategy school the author of the paper gives preference to the Lakatos concept that various scientific-research programs may coexist and compete simultaneously. Strategic management science does not have any obstacle to compare competing theories in justifying sources of strategic competitive advantage. An internal logic of a theory serves as the basis to compare quality of verbal or formal school models, and consideration of successful / unsuccessful strategies in modern dynamically developing economy makes it possible to obtain data for empirical verification of the models. Purpose of the paper is to evaluate prospects of scientific-research programs proposed by various strategy schools in the context of their approaches to sources of competitive advantage. Evolution of science and practice in strategiс has led to shift in emphasis for understanding a company not as a set of business units but as a set of resources and competencies that contributed to obtaining a dominant position in strategic management of resource-based strategy concept. Search for sources of competitive advantage has been shifted to specific resources which a company possess. Such approach lays a solid foundation for a qualitative analysis of strong and weak points of the organization while forming a sustainable long-term advantage based on the development and protection of company's internal resources. Research of competitive advantage resources from the perspective of the concept of company’s dynamic abilities (modern stage of resource-based concept development) is considered as the most promising one because it is based on endogenous nature of advantage sources. This approach rejects implausible assumptions and emphasizes importance of an entrepreneurial factor.

The paper considers topical issues of constructing relay systems to control spacecraft attitude and stabilization with no speed sensors (SS) owing to use of internal feedback (IF). To research this system by point methods, e.g. a point mapping method, is difficult because of the need to solve the transcendent equations containing parameters both of control object and of IF. We propose the “diagram of superimpositions" (DS) method based on topological transformations of the phase space and introduction of a relative time, which enables us to solve engineering problems in analysis and synthesis effectively.The concept of the method is based on the assertion that there is an unambiguous dependence between quality of dynamical regimes in the control system and characteristics of IF transition function. To justify the method a simplified mathematical model of spacecraft motion is applied. The following conditions are accepted: perturbations can be neglected; when the control function is activated, the signal of IF is equal to zero. To the phase surfaces are applied topological symmetry transformations, alignment and projection onto the plane with one of its coordinates being the relative time.The paper gives specific examples of systems with aperiodic feedback (AF) for two versions of parameters to satisfy the requirements: I – in quality of self-oscillation mode (by pulse width in the limit cycle); II – in quality of transition process (lack of sliding modes). It is shown that the requirements II and I are contradictory for the system with AF while the sliding modes are unacceptable.It is shown that DS can be used to synthesize the IF to meet requirements of both steady and transient processes consistently. Using the IF it is possible to implement the shutdown laws of the control action on the DS without SS, the same as in case of using the SS. It is shown that in sliding modes transient processes poor in quality can be completely eliminated by choosing the proper form and parameters of the transition function of IF.The DS topological structure features representing object and IF parameters separately are advantages of the method. A character of the transient process and its quality characteristics are defined by the views and parameters of the curvilinear stairs to DS, squeezing into the limiting cycle. An available binary field of curvilinear coordinates makes it easy to do geometric constructions. DS is of great value for analytical solution of problems concerning IF analysis and synthesis.

Introduction . The field of augmented reality (AR) is growing rapidly and has great advances in interaction, navigation and tracking. Nowadays there are a lot of trends for AR applications in different areas (education, entertainment, business, medicine, etc.). However, there is a lack of research to provide the evaluating AR apps framework to support developers when creating suitable AR applications for specific needs. We provide a practical approach to quantify some of the AR applications features. We focus on the development of criteria for evaluating augmented reality applications. We discuss the criteria of choosing dimensions for that space such as standards for AR, tools for AR development, navigation and tracking, content management, usability. We provide analysis and evaluation of AR apps through each characteristic using guidelines which we have developed. Materials and Methods . An AR application is a software application that integrates digital visual, audio and other types of content into a real-world environment. The software quality and performance are the main characteristics of the application, which are key factors for AR applications. The analysis of scientific papers, documents and standards made it possible to determine characteristics that are the most significant quality indicators based on well-grounded users’ needs and demands. Results. The criteria we have developed for evaluating applications with augmented reality enable developers to create their own software products in stages, based on step-by-step requirements for them, evaluating the development process by characteristics. This approach will allow you to create high-quality software products using standardized, modern development tools. Discussion and Conclusions . In addition, developers will have a detailed understanding of each stage of creating the application and the necessary development tools and technologies to obtain the highest quality result. That will give an opportunity to decide on specific development tools, methods, models and technologies before starting work on a project. As a result, it will provide the final high-quality software product with good extensibility and compliance with the modern requirements of the digital industry market.

The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting

Growing vehicle variant diversity, legal requirements to reduce fleet CO2 emissions and innovations in the area of drive train technologies, coupled with the increasing pressure to cut costs, pose new challenges for parties in the automotive sector. An implementation of optimized development and production processes supports the effective handling of these challenges. One important aspect includes engineering efficiency improvement by optimizing the entire automotive bodywork development process and the involved data management. Research activities focus on the data exchange processes between design, simulation and production engineering within various CAx environments. This concerns constantly changing boundary conditions and requirements in the area of automotive body development, including but not limited to the introduction of new materials and material combinations and new types of joining technologies. From the viewpoint of an automotive engineering supplier, additional challenges caused by different customer-related development environments have to be considered. To overcome these challenges, various data exchange strategies between OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer), automotive suppliers and the use of different data management tools need to be investigated. In this context, the paper presents an approach of an optimized data exchange process of CAD-based data between different CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) environments that supports the entire body development, including data provision for manufacturing engineering. In addition, an optimization of data exchange processes saves development costs and improves the product quality.

Purpose. The work is aimed at comprehending good and evil as vectors of free will in the structure of anthropic time.Methodology.The study is based on: 1) the general theory of systems (A. I. Uyomov, A. Yu. Tsofnas, L. N. Terentyeva) – while justifying the possibility of representing the anthropic time as a system in general; 2) synergetics – while considering the anthropic time as a complex self-organizing system; 3) the concept of «а whole in a whole» (I. V. Yershova-Babenko) – while identifying the optimal principle of correlation of the time units, taking into attention their ethical multi-vectority.Originality. In the context of the reconstruction of the concept of anthropic time: 1) the authors revealed ethical vectors of expansion of free will as the driving principle of human temporality (the vectors of «freedom for good» and «freedom for evil»); 2) the authors justified the optimality of using the principle of complementarity in solving the problem of harmonizing the coexistence of units of anthropic time («matryoshkas of time»).Conclusion. 1) In a line with the tradition of anthropologization of the problem of good and evil, these intentions of human activity are interpreted as vectors of free will in the structure of anthropic time; 2) the paper represented anthropic time as a system in general (based on the general theory of systems) and as a complex self-organizing system in particular (based on a synergetic methodology); 3) constituting of the system of anthropic time by the existential-actionable concept allowed to overcome the position of the one-vectored time, i.e.to reveal the ethical binarity of the anthropic time vectors prepared by the duality of expansion of free will as its driving principle; 4) formulation of the problem of discrepancy between the intentions of different temporal systems showed the optimality of the complementarity principle in solving the question how to harmonize the relations of anthropic time units; 5) the conducted research opens prospects for consideration of external determinants of anthropic time, as well as for search of variants of their correlation with the internal mover (free will) in the structure of human temporality.

Working vocabulary of features include most informative features of objects to be recognized. The aim is to develop a method of forming a working vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on Fourier-descriptors of the object image contours.To solve this problem the paper offers to use the method of functional maximization that is the ratio of the distance between the classes to the spread of objects within each of the classes represented in the feature space, which is formed on the basis of Fourier-descriptors.To check the effectiveness of the proposed method to form a working vocabulary of features the numerical experiments have been carried out. The experiments used two databases of reference images consisting of 10 and 13 reference images. Test images obtained by rotating the reference images, by zooming, as well as by adding the noise using the normal law of distribution have been created from these images. The proposed by the author algorithm, which uses the Prewitt operator, threshold segmentation, and morphological processing has marked the contours of images. The original vocabulary of features derived from the Fourier-descriptors has dimension of 98. The vocabularies of working features having the dimensions, respectively, 3 and 4 have been formed on the basis of functional maximization for both reference images. In the course of numerical experiments the frequency of correct decisions to recognise the features of reference bases of images for the original and working vocabularies has been evaluated. It has been proved that the algorithm of recognition with the formed working vocabularies of features provides a great efficiency of automatic recognition of objects.There are known publications, which use a similar method to form a working vocabulary of features in algorithms of human recognition by the image. But there are no publications on choosing the vocabulary of features for recognition algorithms based on the analysis of the image contours that can be used in computer vision systems of automated production lines.

The paper addresses the issues of diachronic description genetically related vocabulary East Slavonic languages based on a study of its origin and semantics in accordance with the actual problems of the historical word formation lexicology and lexicography Slavonic languages. To study involved pre-Slavic vocabulary, of ancient and modern East languages, united in the genetic paradigm, which consists of etymological families with vertices *Dati, *Bьrati, *Imati//Imѣti, *Nesti. В статье затрагиваются вопросы диахронического описания генетически близкой лексики восточнославянских языков на основе исследования её происхождения и семантики в соответствии с актуальными проблемами исторической дериватологии, лексикологии и лексикографии славянских языков.