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Copyright of Chemistry, Physics & Technology of Surface / Khimiya, Fizyka ta Tekhnologiya Poverhni is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Processing of Materials / Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov is the property of Institute of Applied Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of the drug Phospholipovit in different groups of patients, in particular with hepatic encephalopathy and with a high risk of its development (chronic alcohol intoxication). Efficacy of treatmernt was evaluated by the LNT test (link numbers test), and standard liver plasma markers (ALT, AST, GGT, AP). The LNT test in patients with encephalopathy showed better improvement after 5 days course of Phos-pholipovit than after standard therapy. In both clinical trials liver enzyme activities, assayed in pa-tients declined more rapidly in the group of patients treated with Phospholipovit, as compared in patients received standard therapy alone. The highest clinical effect of the drug on the liver function tests was observed at a daily dose of 6.4 g of phospholipids (infusional 2 times a day) for 5-10 days. At the end of treatment a two-fold decrease in the activity of AST was observed in patients receiv-ing Phospholipovit compared to the control. This results of clinical results can be regarded as a manifestation of the expressed membrane repairing action of essential phospholipids, reinforced by their introduction into the body in the form of nanoparticles.

Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the geometric models and presents the calculation results of the actual sizes of Ni and Co anoparticles on the amorphous Si3N4 / Si substrates obtained by thermal annealing of thin metal films using the data of atomic force microscopy. Results were used in the simulation of magneto-optical properties of arrays of nanoparticles. It is shown that processed by described in the paper equations models allow to obtain a good agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained by MOKE method data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal systems in form of emulsions or suspensions are widely used in various of industries including oil-gas fields development industry. Invert emulsions and suspensions are actively applied in fields development, including enhanced oil recovery, intensification of oil production, drilling and wells workover. Results of laboratory tests for studying physical properties of heterogeneous systems as an emulsion system with nanoparticles and emulsion-suspension system with nanoparticles are presented in this paper. Having unique physical and chemical properties these systems can be effectively applied in upstream of oil and gas as a water-limiting agent or blocking pack with reversible effect. In framework of this research, laboratory tests for evaluation of the influence of the new systems on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures are carried out. Laboratory tests are planned in accordance with requirements of international standards and conducted under the closest conditions to subsurface thermal and pressure conditions of formations STyr Abdylovskoe, SBASh Yugomashevskoe and YuS-2 and YuS-4 of Tortasinskoe oil-gas fields. Based on the results, permeability and conductivity indexes of the models of hydraulic fractures before and after filtration of the new types of colloidal systems are calculated. In order to evaluate an efficiency of the new systems and to study a possibility to regulate its blocking properties an analysis of the impact made by a type and a quantity of nanosized solids on to the blocking properties is carried out. An optimal concentration of nanoparticles in the compositions for a range of formation conditions of particular carbonate and sandstone subsurface reservoirs of oil-gas fields of Russian Federation are represented in this paper.

This paper is the final in a series of publications on the assessment of subacute oral toxicity of nanostructured silica (SiO2). Preparation studied was a commercial nanopowder of SiO2, obtained by hydrolysis of tetrachlorosilane in the gaseous phase with the size of primary nanoparticles (NPs) of 5–30 nm. The experiment was conducted in 95 male Wistar rats weighing 150–180 g, divided into 6 groups numbering 25 (group 1), 26 (group 2), 11 (groups 3–6) of animals. The aqueous dispersion of SiO2 after sonication was administered to animals of groups 2, 4 and 6 for 28 days by intragastric gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. Animals of groups 1, 3, and 5 were treated with deionized water. On the 1st, 3d, 5th and 21st day of experiment the rats of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were sensitized intraperitoneally with hen’s egg ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. Intravenous administration of the challenge dose OVA to rats in groups 1 and 2 was carried out on the 29th day. In the same period animals of groups 3–6 were bled for analysis of cellular immunity. There were evaluated the severity of systemic anaphylaxis reaction, the level of specific IgG antibodies to OVA in sensitized animals, state of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes of peripheral blood using standard methods. Using flow cytometry there were measured contents of lymphocyte populations of B-lymphocytes (CD45RA+), total T-lymphocytes (CD3+), T-helper cells (CD4+), T-cytotoxic cells (CD8+), NKcells (CD161a+), phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in respect of latex particles. Serum levels of TNFα and IL-10 cytokines were determined by ELISA. The result showed that NPs SiO2, at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight had no any marked effect on severity of active anaphylactic shock and level of specific antibodies. The changes in cellular immunity under the influence of nanomaterial had similar direction in sensitized and non-sensitized animals and were more pronounced in the latter. Based on the discussion of the results, together with data from previous publications it was concluded that oral maximum level without observable adverse effect (NOAEL) of nanostructured SiO2 is located below 100 mg/kg body weight.

From a surgeon's perspective, intraureteral jj-stent is an optimal tool to ensure upper urinary tract drainage. This paper presents preliminary results of our study investigating the use of ureteral stents with nanostructured coating in renal transplant recipients. The use of nanostructured coating based on amorphous carbon and silver nanocrystallites eliminated bacteriuria by week 4 after stenting in the treatment group with significant decrease of urine sediments while in the control group bacteriuria was found in 83,3% cases. Symptoms of bladder irritability depended on stent construction rather than presence of coating.

In this paper we studied the effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) on the accumulation and biomarkers of toxic action of lead (Pb) when co-administered to rats in subacute experiment. 36 Wistar rats with initial body weight 120-140 g were divided into 4 groups. Animal of group 1 (control group) were given distilled water by gavage. Rats in group 2 received Pb acetate solution in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (based on Pb), animal in the 3rd and 4th groups additionally to this received suspension of Al2O3 NPs in doses of 1 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The experiment lasted 22 days. Body and organ weight, standard haematologic parameters, protein, creatinine, uric acid level, aminotransferase activity (ALT and AST) in serum, urinary 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) concentration were measured. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was studied by flow cytometry. Pb content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been shown that the administration of Al2O3 NPs together with Pb resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in the relative weight of the kidneys (0.88 ± 0.03% and 0.94 ± 0.06% vs. 0.74 ± 0.02% and 0.85 ± 0.01% in control and group 1). The excretion of 5-ALA in the urine of animals treated with lead acetate significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to the animals of group 1 (0.80 ± 0.08/µmol/l); while any dependence of this parameter on the dose of Al2O3 NPs was absent (p > 0.05) (group 2: 4.54 ± 0.56 µmol/l; group 3: 7.34 ± 1.35 µmol/l; group 4: 5.71 ± 1.74 µmol/l). The hemoglobin content was significantly reduced in animals of groups 2-4 (134.0 ± 2.9; 133.6 ± 1.8 and 129.9 ± 2.9 g/l) compared to the animals of the control group (144.6 ± 1.5 g/l), the dependence of this parameter on the dose of Al2O3 NPs was also absent. A marked and significant increase of the level of glucose has been noticed on the background of the Al2O3 and NPs (7.46 ± 0.49 u 8.24 ± 0.80 vs. 6.28 ± 0.34 mmol/l in group 2), and its level went beyond physiological norms in the 4th group and ANOVA indicated the influence of Al2O3 NPs administration. The toxic effects of lead on hematological parameters of blood on the background of the Al2O3 and NPs weren't weakened, and in the case of hematocrit even enhanced, as evidenced by one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). When administered together with the Al2O3 Pd accumulated in increased amounts in the liver [up to 1.96 ± 0.25 (group 3) and 2.16 ± 0.23 (group 4) vs. 1.17 ± 0.19 (group 2) mg/kg] (p < 0.05). Thus, Al2O3 NPs possibly presented as a contaminant in food can enhance the bioavailability of lead and some indices of its toxic action.

One of the main ways to increase the effectiveness of well-known medical formulations well-established in clinical medicine - development of delivery systems using new technological approaches and nanomaterials. Currently, much attention is given to targeted delivery systems. At the same time drug carrier has in addition to medication the so-called vector/address with a high affinity for binding to specific receptors on cells/tissue target. In this paper it is described the method for producing of address conjugates to over-expressed receptors on the tumor cells. As address fragment it was folic acid and as a linker was dodecylamine, causing inclusion the conjugate into lipid nanoparticles.

Relevance. The fact that with the help of modern methods of increasing oil recovery, it is possible to extract no more than 34 % of oil from the initial recoverable reserves. Therefore, modernization of technologies for tertiary impact on the reservoir as one of the possible ways of developing this area is required. It is possible to use nanoparticles in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient by displacing residual and hard-to-recover oil. Technologies with the use of nanoparticles have a number of significant advantages over the already traditional polymer, alkaline and surfactant flooding. Nanofluidic flooding allows increasing the oil recovery coefficient. The paper considers the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles contributing to oil recovery, the relationship of the effectiveness of flooding from the reservoir temperature, pH, water mineralization and wettability of the reservoir rock surface. These mechanisms are required for identifying limitations of the applicability of nanofluids, the possibility of their modification, in order to improve the properties and eliminate the disadvantages of nanofluid flooding. The effect of the chemical nature of nanoparticles, their size, surface charge, isoelectric point and concentration on rock, reservoir fluids and the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction is considered in detail. Attention is also focused on the latest modern trends in the development of nanofluidic flooding technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of nanofluidic flooding as a method of increasing oil recovery. Objects. Chemical methods of enhancing oil recovery, nanofluidic flooding. Methods. Analysis of current publications on the research topic. Results. The factors influencing the effectiveness of the use of nanofluids as a method of increasing oil recovery and the mechanisms of the impact of nanoparticles on oil reservoirs are formed, promising directions for the development of nanoparticle technology are identified.

Due to a unique set of physico-chemical properties, nanoparticle-fabricated heavy tungsten pseudo-alloys with the ultrafine-grained structure have become an object of a strong interest among researchers in the case of the up-to-date additive powder metallurgy technologies. In this paper, the peculiarities of the phase composition have been simulated in the framework of a thermodynamic approach to core-shell nanoparticles of a stratifying sold solution using the heavy W-Cr pseudo-alloy as an example. For a two-component system with the phase separation in the solid state, a specific effect has been demonstrated which consists in the fact that, unlike system in the macroscopic state, it is not only the volume fraction of co-existing phases but also their equilibrium composition varies depending on the initial composition of a the system. For two different heterogeneous states of a core-shell structure, the thermal stability areas have been obtained along with temperature-dependent equilibrium phase compositions of the system in each state. A thermodynamic interpretation of the obtained results has been described based on three possible mechanisms of reducing the free energy of the system.

The results concerning changes in the ESR signal of hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes in wound tissues in the course of healing by the action of ointments with copper nanoparticles (patent N2460532, Russia) are presented. It is shown that the wound healing process modified by the influence of copper nanoparticles demonstrates the increase in the ESR signal amplitude for :hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes as compared with controls (the ointment base without nanoparticles). Planimetric measurements of wound area through reparation course indicate an active process of wound healing for injuries treated with copper nanoparticles in the ointment, resulting in lessening half-reparation time up to 5.0 times as compared with controls (treatment with the ointment base). The paper discusses the role of copper nanoparticles, NO and their potential synergistic effect on the skin wound regeneration.

Currently, a range of biologically active molecules have been attached to plant and bacterial viras nanoscaffolds, yielding stable nanoparticles that display multiple copies of the desired molecule. In this paper we propose a new method of non-covalent attachment of peptides to the surface of virios. We have demonstrated that this method is efficient in a model system that includes tobacco mosaic virus particles, synthetic polycation (quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) carrying ethyl ethyl pendant radicals) and polypeptide of interest. This principle of step-by-step binding to the surface of virions was used for electrostatic association with hydrophilic fragment of influenza virus haemagglutinin.

An electron microscopy study of large-sized DNA microparticles produced in PCR with different gene-specific primers and plasmid DNAs is described. DNA microspheres of two distinct types were revealed in the all studied samples, namely smooth moderately electron-dense microspheres, and highly electron-dense particles with large thorns and offshoots. Singular microspheres have the average diameter of 1 mum, and their aggregates were up to 3 mum in dimensions. In addition, rare so-called three-dimensional net-like structures with various size (up to several micrometers) were observed. They consisted of different amounts of DNA nanoparticles, having the special compact topology. In some studied samples the discs (nanodiscs) of several dozens nm in thickness and up to 3 mum in diameter were revealed. It was shown that the quantity of net-like structures and nanodiscs sharply increases in asymmetric PCR. We also observed DNA nanowires of different length and thickness, nanodots, nanoparticles in the form of shits of paper as well as electron-dense spherical nanoparticles of big size. Aqueous suspensions of DNA microparticles were heated at 94 degrees C for 5 min and analyzed by electron microscopy. It was shown that microspheres in heated suspensions underwent partial melting; they lost a part of DNA, therefore details of their structure (ultrastructure) can be recognized. At the some time numerous tangles of nanowires appeared. Molecular mechanisms of the DNA micro- and nanoparticles formation are discussed.

This paper summarizes the data on the effect of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. The issues of penetration and accumulation of nanoparticles in the body of hydrobionts and their toxic effect, biotransformation, and migration along food chains are considered. It is demonstrated that the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment and their effect on living organisms have been studied insufficiently and require close attention, because their release into the environment will increase in the very near future.

The paper deals with the optical properties of composite material which consist of dielectric plate with a 2D array of silver nanoparticles. The possibility of describing the reflection and transmission of coherent electromagnetic radiation in a dielectric slab with an array of metal rods by effective medium model was analyzed. The coefficients of reflection and transmission depending on rods filling factor for such medium were calculated. The results of calculations by nonlocal homogenization model were compared with the data of the exact T-matrix method calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Introduction. In connection with the growing demand for living and working conditions in civil and industrial construction, there is an increasing need for high-quality building materials with the required set of performance properties. Polymer reinforced composite materials are promising materials in the construction industry due to their high strength, durability, reliability and economy. Polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, epoxy resins, polypropylene are used in construction for the manufacture of decorative elements, self-leveling floors, coatings for appliances and equipment. However, the use of polymeric materials creates risks of electric shock due to the generation of static charge. The use of electrically conductive nanomaterials as fillers makes it possible to reduce the resistivity of polymeric materials and slow down the flow of electric charges. Main part. This review article presents the benefits and drawbacks of antistatic additives for polymer materials used in industry and in the construction industry. Conclusion. An analysis of the literature has shown that over the past seven years, the largest number of relevant papers has been devoted to carbon materials as antistatic additives (8 articles), metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (7 articles), ionic liquids (7 articles), and polyaniline (7 articles). The most studied characteristics of antistatic polymer materials are the specific surface RS and volume RV resistances. According to the reviewed articles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are the most suitable antistatic additives to polymeric materials, since they are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. However, further research is needed to eliminate the negative effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of polymeric materials

This paper demonstrates the synthesis of NixCd1-xS (x=0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2) nanoparticles by microwave-assisted chemical precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM, UV-VIS, and PL spectroscopy. The energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirms the existence of Nickel, Cadmium and Sulphur in proper ratios. The DC electrical resistances were measured in the temperature range of 300 K-500 K. The temperature resistance curves of all the samples show phase transitions above a particular temperature. The UV and PL spectra of all the samples were compared and studied.

Magnesium-rich aluminum alloys with small scandium additives are widely used in many branches of modern industry due to the high level of their mechanical properties. However, the issue of low thermal stability of Al3Sc particles, which does not allow performing deformation processing of this group of alloys at a temperature above 400 °С, continues to be relevant. Hafnium addition can become one of the ways to solve this problem as hafnium forms a shell around the Al3Sc particles and, due to the low diffusion coefficient in the aluminum matrix, reduces their coagulation rate. The paper studies the influence of addition of 0.2 % and 0.5 % Hf on the electrical conductivity and the process of supersaturated solid solution decomposition, as well as on the size and quantity of nanoparticles in the 1570 magnesium-rich aluminum alloy at its thermal treatment. The authors studied the kinetics of supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the 1570, 1570–0.2Hf, and 1570–0.5Hf alloys by the electrical conductivity measuring and constructed C-curves describing the supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the studied alloys in the temperature range of 260–440 °С. Besides, using transmission electron microscopy, the strengthening nanoparticles of the 1570 and 1570–0.5Hf alloys were studied during heating to 370 °C and 4-hour soaking. The study showed that hafnium addition significantly slows down the supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the 1570 alloy. The authors identified that in the alloys with hafnium additives, the supersaturated solid solution decomposition is the most intense at a temperature of 350 °С, and in the alloys without hafnium – at a temperature of 430 °С. The transmission microscopy data confirm that the 1570 alloy without hafnium contains 3–4.5 times more nanoparticles than the 1570–0.5Hf alloy.

ABSTRACT: Introduction. For the production of building products made of PVC, compositions are used that, along with the polymer, include additives: plasticizers, stabilizers, modifiers. This leads to a decrease in the chlorine content in the composition and increases the flammability of the productitself. Therefore, nanoparticles of various fillers are added into the compositions. Fillers inPVC compositions (more often inorganic, less often organic substances) are solid additives that differ from the polymer matrix in chemical composition and structure.In most cases, the main function of fillers is to reduce flammability and cut costs of the products obtained, in some cases they serve to impart or improve the following properties: reducing plasticizer absorption, changing in dielectric properties, increasing rigidity and hardness, reducing noise transmission, reducing toxicity of combustion products. Main part. Fillers are classified according to various criteria. According to the state of aggregation, they are divided into gaseous, liquid and solid. By their nature, they are divided into organic and inorganic; according to the source of receipt – reinforcing, strengthening, reinforcing, neutral; bythe size, particle shape and structure – into 4 main types: dispersed (powder); fibrous (fibers, threads, bundles, etc.); sheet (film) with a given structure (fabrics, paper, tapes, sheets, films, nets); volumetric (framework) with a continuous three-dimensional structure (bulk fabrics, felt, skeletal and porous frameworks). The most commonly used solid fillers, which are also called dispersed. The introduction of dispersed fillers into polymer composite materials (PCM) is more appropriate for creating mass-produced materials, more technologically advanced, with a low level of strength characteristics. Dispersed fillers are introduced into thermoplastics with high fracture energy to reduce their cost, increase stiffness and compressive strength, and improve their technological characteristics during processing. At the same time, their tensile strength and impact strength decrease due to reduction in the proportion of polymer in the filled composition. The introduction of solid and hard particles leads to an increase in the elastic modulus (E); and soft, elastic or gaseous fillers – to its decrease. According to the mechanism of action, dispersed fillers can be divided into inert ones, which do not affect the properties of the matrix and are introduced into its composition to reduce the cost of the composition, and active ones. Dispersed fillers are divided into mineral, organic and metal. The commonest of those are minerals. Conclusion. Thus, at present, there are a large number of substances and materials used as fillers and making it possible to obtain PCM with low shrinkage and shape stability of products, high mechanical properties and the necessary set of special properties. Due to fillers, PCM can compete with other materials such as glass, ceramics and even metal in most areas of human activity

The development of new efficient photocatalysts based on nanostructured materials with a wide range of photosensitivity in visible and near-infra-red regions and high efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation is an important task. The purpose of this project was to establish the possibility of photosensitising the process of generating reactive oxygen species (ROSs) with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) passivated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MPA) as well as the possibility of increasing the spectral sensitivity of synthesised nanoheterosystems into the red region. The paper analyses the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 NPs with an anatase structure and average size of 12 nm decorated with colloidal PbS QDs with an average size of 2.7 nm passivated with 3MPA. It also provides structural and spectral substantiation of the formation of TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA QDs nanoheterostructures. Absorption and luminescence techniques were used to establish the efficiency of generating various ROSs by TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA nanoheterostructures and their individual components under excitation in the UV and visible radiation. It was shown that TiO2 NPs decoration with PbS QDs extends the spectral range of sensitivity to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the UV to 1,100 nm. The study revealed an increased efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation by nanoheterostructures as compared to individual PbS QDs and TiO2 nanoparticles.

This paper briefly reviews some perspective methods of synthesis successfully used in recent years in inorganic chemistry. Emphasis is placed on spark plasma sintering, synthesis in flux metal and synthesis of nanoparticles and clusters in ionic liquids. Besides, the paper briefly discusses some other approaches to inorganic synthesis, the use of which is perspective in the near future.

Polymer composite materials are widely used in spacecraft and stations in thermal control coatings, as sealants, seals, thermal insulation, as well as in many other structures and products. The main characteristic of such materials is the stability of properties and performance characteristics to the action of space factors, among which various types of radiation are the main damaging ones. Therefore, it is relevant to study the influence of electron, proton, solar spectrum quanta on the change in optical, electrical, mechanical, and other properties of polymer composite materials. This paper presents the results of a investigation of the optical properties and radiation stability of nanocomposites based on polypropylene modified by the solid state method with MgO nanoparticles in the concentration range of 1–5 mass.%. Diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded in a vacuum of 2·10-6 Torr before and after electron irradiation (in situ, E = 30 keV, H = 2·1016 cm-2). The analysis of the nature of the absorption bands recorded in the diffuse reflection spectra, which are due to the formation of free radicals: – С3Н5 –, – С3Н6 –, – C4H6 –, – C4H7 –, – C4H8–, – C4H12 –, – C5H7 –, – C5H10 –, was performed. The optimal value of the concentration of nanoparticles was established, equal to 2 mass.%, at which the area of the integral absorption band at 360 nm after irradiation decreased by 3,35 times, its intensity at the maximum by 3,88 times compared with unmodified polypropylene.

In this paper heterogeneous subjects are investigated, namely laminated nanoparticles and flat-layered media. Common feature of objects under consideration is presence of surfaces divided into slabs with different physical characteristics. The aim of the work is to demonstrate large possibilities and certain preferences of transfer matrices method for solution different problems of applied physics and generalization of the results taken out by author early. The method is especially convenient for analysis of such systems under action of different external physical fields. The method makes possible to transfer boundary conditions from slab to slab, to avoid the necessity of consideration of high order algebraical systems and matrices inversion problem is reduced to theirs simple multiplication. We presented a general scheme of building transfer matrices based on conversion of partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations with using expansion by a system of orthogonal functions. In addition to known results, the transfer matrices for inhomogeneous differential equations are constructed, i.e. those for physical systems with internal energy sources. Transfer matrix method has been used to solve some applied problems, especially problems of electromagnetic scattering on ellipsoidal nanoparticles (electrostatic approximation), spherical particles (electrostatic and wave approximations), expressions for calculations of electrical energy in slabs are found. Solution of Eigen value problems for multilayer panels is constructed, design formulas for determination of oscillation Eigen frequencies of multilayer panel with using three-dimensional elasticity theory are also obtained. Design formulas and some typical artwork are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the development of methods for sensitisation to the visible and IR spectral regions of systems for the photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles is of great interest. The purpose of this work was to establish the regularities of the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species during the formation of TiO2 nanoparticle – Ag2S quantum dots nanoheterosystems under the action of radiation in visible and near-infra-red spectral regions. The paper analyses the photocatalytic properties of anatase nanoparticles 10–15 nm in size decorated with colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with an average size of 2.5 nm passivated with thioglycolic and 2-mercaptopropionic acids. Selective sensor dyes were used to estimate the effectiveness of sensitisation of various reactive oxygen species with the studied photocatalysts under excitation in the UV and visible region. It was shown that decorating TiO2 nanoparticles with quantum dots leads to an increased efficiency of the production by the system of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide under photoexcitation in the TiO2 absorption region (UV range). Sensitisation of the production of reactive oxygen species by nanosystems was detected during excitation by radiation in the visible spectral region (outside the intrinsic TiO2 absorption band). It was also found that there is an increase in the efficiency of the production of reactive oxygen species (up to 1.5 times) when thioglycolic acid is replaced with 2-mercaptopropionic acid as a passivator of Ag2S quantum dots. The obtained data were used to develop a schematic diagram of photoprocesses in the system.

In the paper, modification of the electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) method for improving an accuracy of determining the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of nanoparticles in colloidal systems has been put forward. The modification included the creation of an original experimental setup operating in the heterodyne mode using a multimode fiber at the input of the recording unit, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and also an expansion of ranges of nanoparticles’ key parameters: sizes, electrical conductivity, concentration in solution. The theoretical substantiation for processing the scattering signal of polydisperse colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and calculating the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of colloidal systems was given. The high accuracy of the measured parameters was achieved, in comparison with the data obtained from the ZetaSizer Nano commercial device.

Introduction. Advanced technologies impress people’s imagination demonstrating the latest achievements (materials, methods, systems, technologies, devices etc.) that dramatically change the world. This, first of all, concerns nanotechnological inventions designed by scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries. Main part. The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention «Composite material with oriented carbon nanotubes» refers to the area of composite materials which consist of polymer matrix and filler that is often presented by carbon nanotubes. The technical result is increased tensile strength of composite material due to formation of structure of oriented carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix. That is performed by means of flat-rate flow of direct current which destroys filler agglomerates. The specialists can also be interested in the following inventions in the area of nanotechnologies: a method to produce powder containing nanocrystalline cubic tungsten carbide; a method to produce porous graphene membranes and the membranes produced with this method; suppressor coating on the basis of polymer matrix with inclusion of carbon nanotubes and a method to produce it; a method to determine location of polyethylene gas pipeline and places of possible illegal tapping of those pipeline; a method to produce biphasic thermoelectric ceramics; electron-beam system of 3D radiant nanomodification for materials and articles; lab-on-fruit skin and lab-on-leaf towards recognition of trifluralin using Ag-citrate/GQDs nanocomposite stabilized on the flexible substrate: A new platform for the electroanalysis of herbicides using direct writing of nano-inks and pen-on paper technology; and others. Conclusion. One of the most challenging tasks the economy of every country face is to increase industrial competitiveness through technological upgrade. From the side of the state and companies the principal object to control in this process are the people and enterprises dealing with introduction of inventions and new technologies.

A mathematical model is developed for the process of synthesis of nanostructured modifier TiC-Al2O3 by gasphase deposition based on the system of starting materials TiO2-Al-C. To construct the response equation in the form of a polynomial of the second degree, the experiments were carried out in accordance with the model of a rotatable composite plan of the second order with three factors, including 20 experiments. The main factors considered were the isothermal holding temperature T (°C), the isothermal holding time t (s), and the proportion of the chlorinating component Q (wt.%), and as a response function — the proportion of titanium carbide q(TiC) (wt.%) in the composition of the synthesized modifier. The paper describes the results of computational and experimental modeling, from which it can be concluded that to obtain a modifier with the highest content of titanium carbide, the synthesis parameters should be as follows: T = 900–930 °C; t = 2–2.5 h; Q = 4–4.5 wt.%. The resulting TiC-Al2O3 modifier contains 34 wt.% TiC and has a nanostructured structure, with spherical and filamentous particles which diameter does not exceed 100 nm.

This paper considers the model of a magnetic trap, based on the movement method under quickly oscillating magnetic field, offered by Kapitsa. Moreover, we also make the calculations of its implementation and retention of ferromagnetic microparticles in the liquid stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the theoretical framework of nanomodification principles of building composites and the conceptual model of the nanomodification from the point of view of the evolutionary model of the solid phase formation depending on the kinetics of heterogeneous processes. According to the route, the main factors of the cement system nanomodifcation were identified for all stages of the technological life cycle. These are associated with the nano-sized particles playing the role of a) structure-forming nuclei, b) substrates for crystallization, c) centers of new formation zoning in the matrix substance of the material, d) nano-reinforcing matrix element. The concepts of the nanomodification and technological tools of the nanomodification of building composites are substantiated. Their hydration kinetics, phase composition, microstructure, rheology and strength characteristics are investigated in order to evaluate the efficiency of the nanomodification principles. It is shown that the use of the nanomodifiers enhances the ductility of cement paste, accelerates cement hydration processes by 9–28 times, and increases strength by 1.5–2 times. This will reduce the cost of flow, casting and hardening processes in the technological life cycle of cement-based composites.

In the paper the review of achievements of nanoindustry is carried out: the use of nanosilica as an additive that improves the fire and thermal resistance of cementitious composites; a welding filler reinforced with nanoparticles for aerospace structures; smart, mobile and autonomous station for collecting and accumulating solar and electric energy; materials authentication with the use of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, etc. Areas of application, economic effect and social significance of projects developed in different countries are given. For example, researchers and developers at Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Israel and Ulyanovsk state technical University, Russia have jointly created a device in the field of alternative energy that allows you to collect and store solar and electric energy for later use. The device has a unique smart system of protection against voltage interruptions and overheating due to the controller devices and software. Also, the device has a number of innovative engineering solutions to reduce the temperature of the heated elements of the device, increase protection from dust and moisture. All this together is a unique solution different from the existing solutions capable of generating and storing solar energy for a long time (up to 10 years).

The paper presents the results of a computer simulation by using a molecular dynamics method of synthesizing binary Cu – Au nanoclusters by condensation from a gaseous phase. To calculate the interatomic interaction forces, a modified tight-binding potentials with a fixed cutoff radius was used. The initial point of the process of condensation of nanoparticles from the gas phase was a configuration containing Cu and Au atoms (total number of 91124) distributed in a simple cubic lattice with the lattice parameter of 30aB, where aB is the Bohr radius (the periodic boundary conditions were used). For the analysis, we selected the initial configurations of different chemical compositions: Cu3Au, CuAu, Cu90Au10, Cu60Au40 which were cooled with the liquid nitrogen during the condensation process.

Nanoscale drugs differ in special physicochemical, biological, pharmacokinetic parameters. These properties can be used to provide targeted delivery, prolong the action of drugs, as well as reduce their side effects. An important problem that needs attention is the study of the potential risks arising from the treatment of such drugs. The aim of the study: analysis of the requirements of domestic and foreign regulators for the safety of nanoscale drugs. The paper presents the classification of the most promising nanosystems containing drugs, and an analysis of the existing principles for assessing their safety in Russia and abroad has been carried out. It was shown that when assessing the safety of nano-sized drugs, along with the properties of the active substance, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the nanosystem (polymer coating, carrier, etc.), related to its size, distribution pattern, charge of nanoparticles, and ability to induce oxidative stress. Domestic and foreign regulatory documents governing the procedure for assessing the safety of pharmacological substances derived from nanotechnology was analyzed. Conclusions: Despite the availability of recommendations from regulatory authorities, further improvement of the requirements for registration and safety assessment of nanoscale drugs is necessary. Further development of the regulatory framework governing the development, quality, efficiency and safety of nanomaterials in medicine is necessary, taking into account the structural issues of the active substance and nano-carriers.

This paper is devoted to recording of a periodic lattice in the photopolymerized nanocomposite with nanoparticles of nonlinear optical DAST crystal (4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate) by holographic method. Nanocomposite consists of the mixture of two monomers: IDA (Isodecyl acrylate) and TMP (Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate (1 EO/OH) methyl ether diacrylate) with molecules of DAST dissolved in methanol. Initiator In2 (2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone) provides photopolymerization.At solution centrifugal separation solvent evaporation and crystal formation start. It is shown that there is a record of the volume hologram when two-beam interference is used. Micro photos prove the movement of DAST nanoparticles in volume that provides creation of nonlinear grating, which can be used for quasi-phase matching of nonlinear effects.

Subject and purpose. It is known that the addition of plazmon metal nanoparticles to active media can be used to improve the radiative characteristics of the medium. However, the problem of the influence of the component ratio on the intensity of the nanocomposites fluorescence, which is relevant from an applied point of view, has not been sufficiently investigated and requires additional studies. Methods and methodology. In this paper fluorescence of solutions of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine C dyes in the presence of silver nanoparticles at different excitation wavelengths was studied. The effect of the mixture components concentration on the fluorescence amplification coefficient of the dye molecules was studied. Results. It is shown that as a generalized parameter determining the fluorescent characteristics of nanocomposites, one can consider the relative optical density of the mixture components, which is the ratio of the optical density of the nanoadditive to the optical density of the dye at the excitation wavelength. The relative optical density increases with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, a decrease in the concentration of the dye, or in the case of excitation by radiation with the spectrum closest to the maximum of plasmon resonance of nanoparticles. In this case, an increase in the fluorescence amplification coefficient was observed. If the pump spectrum is far from the maximum wavelength of the plazmon resonance, the concentration of the nanoparticles is low, and the dye concentration is high, then the relative optical density is small, the fluorescence intensification becomes insignificant, and even its quenching may occur. Conclusions. The results of these studies allow us to formulate a general approach to assessing the effect of the components ratio of mixtures composed of dye molecules and metallic nanoparticles on the fluorescence intensity of fluorophore molecules.

A schematic diagram of the integrated approach for assessing the toxicological properties of rocks, taking into account their physicochemical properties, was proposed. This methodology was tested on the basalt samples taken from the Myandukha deposit (Arkhangelsk region). The paper presents data of the chemical composition on the basis of which the value of the specific mass energy of atomization of the raw material of the rock was calculated. The energy parameters of the micro- and nanosystems of the sample were calculated: free surface energy and surface activity. To perform toxicological evaluation of the analyzed material a new generation sequencing (NGS) method, the metagenomic analysis, and the MTT method for determining the viability of cell cultures were used. These methods allowed determining species diversity of microorganisms in basalt samples, as well as the cytotoxicity of highly dispersed basalt particles. It was found out that basalt, possessing a high surface activity, is capable of sorbing significant number of microorganisms of different species groups on the surface of the particles, that is a potential danger of microbiological contamination - this fact must be taken into account when processing raw materials in technological processes. At the same time, the non-toxic nature of the basalt nanoparticles was noted. The proposed schematic diagram of the integrated approach can be recommended for assessing the toxicological properties of rocks.

Since the beginning of the 21st century scientific research devoted to properties of nanosized particles and their industrial application in the industry of oil and gas fields development has been rapidly evolving. The use of nanosized particles can significantly rise efficiency of technological solutions, and that fact determines this research area as the most promising today. In the area of oil and gas fields development one of the general application for nanoparticles is the development of high-performance technological fluids with new or improved physico-chemical properties. The ability of nanoparticles to modify wettability of the rock surface and to be fixed on the adsorption-solvation stratums of globules makes them a unique tool to regulate physicochemical properties of technological fluids and physical properties of rocks.The article reveals the results of a new stage in the research of physical properties of emulsion systems with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2). The research carried out within the framework of international project «Development and implementation of water-blocking agents based on the SiO2 nanoparticles application». The results of comparative tests of stability of classical emulsions (O/W and W/O types) and emulsion systems modified with SiO2 nanoparticles with different wettability characteristics (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) are presented. According to the results of comparative tests, it has been determined that the stability of most samples of modified emulsion systems containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica nanoparticles exceeds the stability of classical emulsions by more than 100%. In the course of comparative studies, the following types of experiments were performed: measurement of aggregate stability, electrostability and thermal stability of samples. The paper is a continuation of the complex research which has been published in [1].

When oil production is increasing due to intensive oilfield development methods supporting seam pressure by water injection oil producers face the problem of displacement agent break in more permeable intervals of petroleum reservoir. That leads to dramatic increase of product inundation for well stock and decrease of economic efficiency for well performance. Nowadays the petroleum engineers have proposed more than 100 technologies designed to restrict water inflows and flooding agent to bottom-hole zone of the production wells. The water inflows restriction technologies are distinguished by the type of applied chemical compositions and the way how the chemical compositions are delivered to bottom-hole zone. The analysis of the currently applied chemical compositions has allowed authors to reveal the common feature. The common feature is that the currently applied chemical compositions are non-selective and they produce isolating or blocking effect onto water-saturated and oil-saturated zones of the petroleum reservoir. The application of the nonselective high-stability chemical compositions leads to uncontrolled colmatation of all treated intervals and makes it difficult to involve them into filtration process in future. This work presents the technology for the selective reservoir stimulation based on emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles content and gelling acid composition. The technology was developed for complex impact on formation system, that achieved by blocking water-saturated intervals of reservoir and stimulation of less permeable oil-saturated intervals of reservoir. The paper shows the results of complex laboratory experiments to study viscosity parameters of emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles content. The results of the experiments revealed the ability of the SiO2 nanoparticles to rise dynamic viscosity of the different type of emulsion systems: oil in water and water in oil. Test for thermostability of the modified emulsion systems showed stability of the systems under 80о C. In addition, the modified emulsion systems kept the ability to decrease significantly viscosity in the reaction with hydrocarbons, i.e. the emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles are selective compositions for the water-inflows restriction.

As of today, sols and nanodispersed systems of transition metal oxides are increasingly spreading. Due to a number of properties, undoubted interest for the development of technologies in various industries is represented by cobalt oxide Со3О4. In this paper, we demonstrate the results of studies on the use of a contact nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma as a tool for obtaining nanoscale cobalt oxide. Aim: The aim of the work is to obtain cobalt oxide using a contact nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma. Materials and Methods: The investigations were carried out in a gas-liquid batch reactor. The electrodes are made of stainless steel. The plasma column formed as a result of the test is a processing tool. Cooling of the reaction mixture was ensured by continuous circulation of cold water. The reactor pressure was 80±4 kPa. To obtain a plasma discharge, a voltage of 500...1000 V was applied to the electrodes. The current was maintained at 120±6 mA. Optical spectra of sols were recorded in the wavelength range 190...700 nm. The thermal analysis was carried out in an air medium at a heating rate of 10 deg/min in quartz crucibles. The obtained samples were examined by X-ray phase analysis. The dimensional parameters of the obtained compounds were examined using an electron microscope. Results: Theoretical and experimental studies of the hydrolysis of cobalt chloride as a preliminary stage for the preparation of oxygen-containing cobalt compounds are carried out: calculations of the distribution of cobalt ions, its constituents, and the dependence of the solubility of cobalt hydroxide on the pH value and ionic force are presented. It was found that the final pH value of cobalt hydroxide precipitation varies in the range 8.2...9.0 and, depending on the magnitude of the ionic force, is 9.0 and 8.2 at I = 0, I = 1, respectively. The regularities of the change in the oxidation-reduction potential and the hydrogen index of cobalt oxide solutions during their processing by a low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma are studied. The phase composition of the plasma-chemical obtained cobalt compounds was investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The main phase of the product obtained is represented by cobalt oxide of structure Со3О4. According to the data of microscopic and X-ray diffraction methods of analysis, it is shown that the sizes of the obtained cobalt compounds lie in the nanometer range.

Nanotechnologies is a new and rapidly developing field of science and engineering related to targeted manipulation of objects sized within the nano-diapason (1091012 m); this means principally new characteristics and qualities of the respective systems to be constructed. In the paper, problems of nanotechnology applications in clinical neurology are considered, namely, possibilities and prospects of the use, in diagnostic and medicinal purposes, of biochips, nanosensors, bioreactors, immunonanoparticles, biodegradable polymers, convectionenhanced drug delivery, etc. in various diseases of the nervous system. Special attention is paid to the development of pharmacotherapeutic applications, including drug transport systems and targeted nanotherapy, which outlines modern nanomedicine. Different medicinal nanoformulations are discussed, including polymeric nanoparticles, fullerenes, dendrimers, liposomes, nanotubes, etc. The authors experience in the study of stable glycosphyngolipid nanotubes and nanoliposomes as the drug delivery system is presented. For this purpose, the model of skin vasomotor reaction stimulation by cutaneous nitroglycerin application was used: the effect of nitroglycerin was shown to rise 1.5 times with nanotubes as carriers, and 2.5 times with nanoliposomes.

The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the increase interest of obtaining and using polymer composites with copper nanoparticles, possessing a number of specific properties for biomedicine researches like materials for tissues and cell engineering, medicine substance with control of secrete of drugs, in electronic and another fields of technics. The paper demonstrates the possibility of getting polymer composites on basis polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) and natrium tetraborate using copper nanoparticles. The main aim of the study is to obtain the polymer composites on the basis of water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with additives of sodium tetraborate and filler in the form of copper nanoparticles; to study their rheological and surface properties: effective viscosity, module elasticity and strength adhesion; to determine the oxidation level of copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in the mixture with polymers as well as depending on polymer concentration. The methods used in the study. Viscosimetric study of polymer composites was realized on rheoviscosimeter Rheotest-2, the elasticity module was defined by the method of spherical indenter penetration; the adhesion strength was studied by the method of metal ring perpendicular separation from the polymer body surface. The IR-spectra were recorded at the spectrometer Nicolet 5700. The oxidation degree of copper nanoparticles was determined by difractometer DS DISCOVER with Gadds (Bruker, Germany). The results. It was shown for the first time that due to interdependent influence of the mixture components: polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with sodium tetraborate and copper nanoparticles at formation of polymeric complex the effective viscosity and the elasticity module increase, the strength adhesion decreases in comparison with initial polymers. The authors have carried out the comparative evaluation of the properties of the polymer compositions under study. Freezing of polymer compositions leads to large strengthening of the properties under study. Interaction of components of this polymer composition changes chemical compositions and structure of polymers. In contrast with the initial polymers, their mixtures are insoluble in water. The results obtained on difractometer allows determining the oxidation level copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in mixture of polymers and the depending on their concentration.

The problem of healthy and quality nutrition has a global character. The modern development of technologies including nanotechnologies allowed obtaining materials with unique properties, which began to be actively used in food industry and agriculturebut, at the same time, require thorough investigation of their properties and effects on the human body and environment. The paper demonstrates the main directions of the nanotechnology use in the agricultural production and food industry, examines the safetyproblems and risks occurred when using nanotechnologies in food industry with account for insufficient research on the influence of food nanotechnologies on human health and environmental ecology, and presents the normative and methodical base of the RussianFederation for assurance of safe consumption of food products produced from nanomaterials.

The electrorheological properties of a new class of “smart materials”, electrorheological suspensions based on nano-sized polymer particles of polyimides, are discussed in the paper. The investigations are performed in a wide range of shear deformation speeds and at different temperatures. The obtained results open up prospects for widespread practical use of this class of electrorheological suspensions.

The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the necessity to develop the technique for finding and identifying metal compounds migration forms over the boundaries of hydrocarbon deposits on the Earth surface. The existing information on possibility of metal transfer from the level of deposits is often contradictory and it can cast doubt on the possibility of geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits on the basis of information on metal content in the subsurface horizons. The technique of collection and analysis allows us to study nanoscale metal compounds migrating as a part of gas flow to the Earth surface. It becomes possible to determine the origin of nanoscale metal compounds with the ability to prove the genesis of the deep nature of the substance found on the surface. The main aim of the research is to review and to analyze the existing knowledge on geochemical methods of prospecting for oil and gas; to model a new geochemical method associated with the study of samples on a transmission electron microscope for identifying nanoscale particles. The methods used in the study: geochemistry methods of prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields, transmission electron microscopy. The results of the research. The authors have reviewed and analyzed the literature on geochemical methods to search for oil and gas deposits and analyzed the patterns of geochemical features and magnetic fields on deposits of the West Siberian oil and gas province. The paper introduces a new prospecting and exploration geochemical and magnetic technique which can help identify nanoscale mineral forms of chemical elements with a transmission electron microscope, in particular find and identify migration metal compounds.

Cement concretes are the most used materials in modern civil engineering. Due to that such materials draw great attention both in the Russian Federation and abroad. The possibility to enhance the manufacturability and operational properties of concretes results in significant reduction of overall operating costs. Many enhancement methods have been elaborated. Among them there is one based on introduction of calcium hydrosilicates into construction composition. The authors set up a hypothesis that similarity between properties and structures of different hydrosilicates (for example, alkaline earth metals and metals of the second group) will provide similar increased operational characteristics. The specialists of Research and Educational Center «Nanotechnology» are developing cement composites nanomodification methods which include introduction of nanodimensional barium hydrosilicates particles. The synthesis of barium hydrosilicates particles can be done with the use of many technologies, different by energy consumption or performing complexity. Taking into account both these factors, one can assume that low-temperature sol-gel synthesis from diluted water solutions is the proper technology. The present paper shows that this assumption is correct. The selection of certain technology is made by the means of multiobjective optimization, which is in turn is performed by the means of linear scalarization. This method, while not always giving the Pareto optimal solutions, can be easily implemented. The particle size distribution is taken into consideration during selection of objectives and weights. It is shown that selected technology allows manufacturing nanoparticles with median size about 30 nm.