48 results
Search Results
2. Determination of the Nanoparticle Sizes Using AFM Images and Simulation of their Magnetooptical Properties.
- Author
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Zlenko, V. A., Demydenko, M. H., and Protsenko, S. I.
- Subjects
NANOPARTICLES ,NICKEL ,COBALT ,FERROMAGNETIC materials ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials - Abstract
This paper describes the geometric models and presents the calculation results of the actual sizes of Ni and Co anoparticles on the amorphous Si
3 N4 / Si substrates obtained by thermal annealing of thin metal films using the data of atomic force microscopy. Results were used in the simulation of magneto-optical properties of arrays of nanoparticles. It is shown that processed by described in the paper equations models allow to obtain a good agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained by MOKE method data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
3. Experimental research of the colloidal systems with nanoparticles influence on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures.
- Author
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Sergeev V.V., Sharapov R.R., Kudymov A.Y., Zeigman Y.V., and Mukhametshin V.S.
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,silicon dioxide ,emulsion system ,emulsion-suspension system ,hydraulic fracture ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Colloidal systems in form of emulsions or suspensions are widely used in various of industries including oil-gas fields development industry. Invert emulsions and suspensions are actively applied in fields development, including enhanced oil recovery, intensification of oil production, drilling and wells workover. Results of laboratory tests for studying physical properties of heterogeneous systems as an emulsion system with nanoparticles and emulsion-suspension system with nanoparticles are presented in this paper. Having unique physical and chemical properties these systems can be effectively applied in upstream of oil and gas as a water-limiting agent or blocking pack with reversible effect. In framework of this research, laboratory tests for evaluation of the influence of the new systems on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures are carried out. Laboratory tests are planned in accordance with requirements of international standards and conducted under the closest conditions to subsurface thermal and pressure conditions of formations STyr Abdylovskoe, SBASh Yugomashevskoe and YuS-2 and YuS-4 of Tortasinskoe oil-gas fields. Based on the results, permeability and conductivity indexes of the models of hydraulic fractures before and after filtration of the new types of colloidal systems are calculated. In order to evaluate an efficiency of the new systems and to study a possibility to regulate its blocking properties an analysis of the impact made by a type and a quantity of nanosized solids on to the blocking properties is carried out. An optimal concentration of nanoparticles in the compositions for a range of formation conditions of particular carbonate and sandstone subsurface reservoirs of oil-gas fields of Russian Federation are represented in this paper.
- Published
- 2020
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4. Nanofluid flooding as a method of enhancing oil recovery: mechanism, advantages
- Author
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Elizaveta S. Andreeva, Oksana A. Marinina, and Lyudmila G. Turovskaya
- Subjects
nanofluid ,nanoparticles ,oil ,residual oil ,methods of enhancing oil recovery ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
Relevance. The fact that with the help of modern methods of increasing oil recovery, it is possible to extract no more than 34 % of oil from the initial recoverable reserves. Therefore, modernization of technologies for tertiary impact on the reservoir as one of the possible ways of developing this area is required. It is possible to use nanoparticles in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient by displacing residual and hard-to-recover oil. Technologies with the use of nanoparticles have a number of significant advantages over the already traditional polymer, alkaline and surfactant flooding. Nanofluidic flooding allows increasing the oil recovery coefficient. The paper considers the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles contributing to oil recovery, the relationship of the effectiveness of flooding from the reservoir temperature, pH, water mineralization and wettability of the reservoir rock surface. These mechanisms are required for identifying limitations of the applicability of nanofluids, the possibility of their modification, in order to improve the properties and eliminate the disadvantages of nanofluid flooding. The effect of the chemical nature of nanoparticles, their size, surface charge, isoelectric point and concentration on rock, reservoir fluids and the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction is considered in detail. Attention is also focused on the latest modern trends in the development of nanofluidic flooding technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of nanofluidic flooding as a method of increasing oil recovery. Objects. Chemical methods of enhancing oil recovery, nanofluidic flooding. Methods. Analysis of current publications on the research topic. Results. The factors influencing the effectiveness of the use of nanofluids as a method of increasing oil recovery and the mechanisms of the impact of nanoparticles on oil reservoirs are formed, promising directions for the development of nanoparticle technology are identified.
- Published
- 2024
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5. Influence of the initial composition on the phase equilibria in the case of the solid phase separation in binary alloy nanoparticles (exemplifying on the W-Cr system)
- Author
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A.V. Shishulin and A.V. Shishulina
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,phase separation ,chemical thermodynamics ,solubility ,core-shell ,tungsten ,chromium ,Physical and theoretical chemistry ,QD450-801 - Abstract
Due to a unique set of physico-chemical properties, nanoparticle-fabricated heavy tungsten pseudo-alloys with the ultrafine-grained structure have become an object of a strong interest among researchers in the case of the up-to-date additive powder metallurgy technologies. In this paper, the peculiarities of the phase composition have been simulated in the framework of a thermodynamic approach to core-shell nanoparticles of a stratifying sold solution using the heavy W-Cr pseudo-alloy as an example. For a two-component system with the phase separation in the solid state, a specific effect has been demonstrated which consists in the fact that, unlike system in the macroscopic state, it is not only the volume fraction of co-existing phases but also their equilibrium composition varies depending on the initial composition of a the system. For two different heterogeneous states of a core-shell structure, the thermal stability areas have been obtained along with temperature-dependent equilibrium phase compositions of the system in each state. A thermodynamic interpretation of the obtained results has been described based on three possible mechanisms of reducing the free energy of the system.
- Published
- 2023
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6. Light Reflection and Transmission in Structured Composite Material.
- Author
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Goloborodko, A. A.
- Subjects
COMPOSITE materials ,NANOPARTICLES ,ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation ,ELECTROMAGNETIC waves ,SILVER nanoparticles - Abstract
The paper deals with the optical properties of composite material which consist of dielectric plate with a 2D array of silver nanoparticles. The possibility of describing the reflection and transmission of coherent electromagnetic radiation in a dielectric slab with an array of metal rods by effective medium model was analyzed. The coefficients of reflection and transmission depending on rods filling factor for such medium were calculated. The results of calculations by nonlocal homogenization model were compared with the data of the exact T-matrix method calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
7. Antistatic polymer materials
- Author
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Pavel A. Yudaev, Bakary Tamboura, and Evgeniy M. Chistyakov
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,static electricity ,carbon nanotubes ,graphene oxide ,ionic liquids ,construction industry ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction. In connection with the growing demand for living and working conditions in civil and industrial construction, there is an increasing need for high-quality building materials with the required set of performance properties. Polymer reinforced composite materials are promising materials in the construction industry due to their high strength, durability, reliability and economy. Polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, epoxy resins, polypropylene are used in construction for the manufacture of decorative elements, self-leveling floors, coatings for appliances and equipment. However, the use of polymeric materials creates risks of electric shock due to the generation of static charge. The use of electrically conductive nanomaterials as fillers makes it possible to reduce the resistivity of polymeric materials and slow down the flow of electric charges. Main part. This review article presents the benefits and drawbacks of antistatic additives for polymer materials used in industry and in the construction industry. Conclusion. An analysis of the literature has shown that over the past seven years, the largest number of relevant papers has been devoted to carbon materials as antistatic additives (8 articles), metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (7 articles), ionic liquids (7 articles), and polyaniline (7 articles). The most studied characteristics of antistatic polymer materials are the specific surface RS and volume RV resistances. According to the reviewed articles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are the most suitable antistatic additives to polymeric materials, since they are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. However, further research is needed to eliminate the negative effect of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of polymeric materials
- Published
- 2023
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8. Structural, Electrical and Optical Studies of NixCd1-xS (x = 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2) Nanoparticle System
- Author
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Moly M. Rose, R. Sheela Christy, T. Asenath Benitta, and J. Thampi Thanka Kumaran
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,chemical precipitation ,phase transition ,electrical ,optical ,bandgap ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
This paper demonstrates the synthesis of NixCd1-xS (x=0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2) nanoparticles by microwave-assisted chemical precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM, UV-VIS, and PL spectroscopy. The energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirms the existence of Nickel, Cadmium and Sulphur in proper ratios. The DC electrical resistances were measured in the temperature range of 300 K-500 K. The temperature resistance curves of all the samples show phase transitions above a particular temperature. The UV and PL spectra of all the samples were compared and studied.
- Published
- 2023
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9. The study of supersaturated solid solution decomposition in magnesium-rich aluminum alloys with scandium and hafnium additions
- Author
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Aleksandr M. Drits, Evgenii V. Aryshenskii, Egor A. Kudryavtsev, Igor A. Zorin, and Sergey V. Konovalov
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,hafnium ,aluminum ,thermal treatment ,scandium ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Magnesium-rich aluminum alloys with small scandium additives are widely used in many branches of modern industry due to the high level of their mechanical properties. However, the issue of low thermal stability of Al3Sc particles, which does not allow performing deformation processing of this group of alloys at a temperature above 400 °С, continues to be relevant. Hafnium addition can become one of the ways to solve this problem as hafnium forms a shell around the Al3Sc particles and, due to the low diffusion coefficient in the aluminum matrix, reduces their coagulation rate. The paper studies the influence of addition of 0.2 % and 0.5 % Hf on the electrical conductivity and the process of supersaturated solid solution decomposition, as well as on the size and quantity of nanoparticles in the 1570 magnesium-rich aluminum alloy at its thermal treatment. The authors studied the kinetics of supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the 1570, 1570–0.2Hf, and 1570–0.5Hf alloys by the electrical conductivity measuring and constructed C-curves describing the supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the studied alloys in the temperature range of 260–440 °С. Besides, using transmission electron microscopy, the strengthening nanoparticles of the 1570 and 1570–0.5Hf alloys were studied during heating to 370 °C and 4-hour soaking. The study showed that hafnium addition significantly slows down the supersaturated solid solution decomposition in the 1570 alloy. The authors identified that in the alloys with hafnium additives, the supersaturated solid solution decomposition is the most intense at a temperature of 350 °С, and in the alloys without hafnium – at a temperature of 430 °С. The transmission microscopy data confirm that the 1570 alloy without hafnium contains 3–4.5 times more nanoparticles than the 1570–0.5Hf alloy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Fillers for polymer composite materials
- Author
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Aliya K. Mazitova, Ilnaz I. Zaripov, Gulia K. Aminova, Maksim V. Ovod, and Nina L. Suntsova
- Subjects
fillers ,nanoparticles ,polymer composite materials ,classification ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction. For the production of building products made of PVC, compositions are used that, along with the polymer, include additives: plasticizers, stabilizers, modifiers. This leads to a decrease in the chlorine content in the composition and increases the flammability of the productitself. Therefore, nanoparticles of various fillers are added into the compositions. Fillers inPVC compositions (more often inorganic, less often organic substances) are solid additives that differ from the polymer matrix in chemical composition and structure.In most cases, the main function of fillers is to reduce flammability and cut costs of the products obtained, in some cases they serve to impart or improve the following properties: reducing plasticizer absorption, changing in dielectric properties, increasing rigidity and hardness, reducing noise transmission, reducing toxicity of combustion products. Main part. Fillers are classified according to various criteria. According to the state of aggregation, they are divided into gaseous, liquid and solid. By their nature, they are divided into organic and inorganic; according to the source of receipt – reinforcing, strengthening, reinforcing, neutral; bythe size, particle shape and structure – into 4 main types: dispersed (powder); fibrous (fibers, threads, bundles, etc.); sheet (film) with a given structure (fabrics, paper, tapes, sheets, films, nets); volumetric (framework) with a continuous three-dimensional structure (bulk fabrics, felt, skeletal and porous frameworks). The most commonly used solid fillers, which are also called dispersed. The introduction of dispersed fillers into polymer composite materials (PCM) is more appropriate for creating mass-produced materials, more technologically advanced, with a low level of strength characteristics. Dispersed fillers are introduced into thermoplastics with high fracture energy to reduce their cost, increase stiffness and compressive strength, and improve their technological characteristics during processing. At the same time, their tensile strength and impact strength decrease due to reduction in the proportion of polymer in the filled composition. The introduction of solid and hard particles leads to an increase in the elastic modulus (E); and soft, elastic or gaseous fillers – to its decrease. According to the mechanism of action, dispersed fillers can be divided into inert ones, which do not affect the properties of the matrix and are introduced into its composition to reduce the cost of the composition, and active ones. Dispersed fillers are divided into mineral, organic and metal. The commonest of those are minerals. Conclusion. Thus, at present, there are a large number of substances and materials used as fillers and making it possible to obtain PCM with low shrinkage and shape stability of products, high mechanical properties and the necessary set of special properties. Due to fillers, PCM can compete with other materials such as glass, ceramics and even metal in most areas of human activity
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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11. Photosensitising reactive oxygen species with titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated with PbS quantum dots
- Author
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Aleksey S. Perepelitsa, Sergey V. Aslanov, Oleg V. Ovchinnikov, Mikhail S. Smirnov, Irina G. Grevtseva, Anatoly N. Latyshev, and Tamara S. Kondratenko
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,titanium dioxide ,quantum dots ,lead sulphide ,photosensitisation ,reactive oxygen species ,photocatalysis ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The development of new efficient photocatalysts based on nanostructured materials with a wide range of photosensitivity in visible and near-infra-red regions and high efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation is an important task. The purpose of this project was to establish the possibility of photosensitising the process of generating reactive oxygen species (ROSs) with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) passivated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MPA) as well as the possibility of increasing the spectral sensitivity of synthesised nanoheterosystems into the red region. The paper analyses the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 NPs with an anatase structure and average size of 12 nm decorated with colloidal PbS QDs with an average size of 2.7 nm passivated with 3MPA. It also provides structural and spectral substantiation of the formation of TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA QDs nanoheterostructures. Absorption and luminescence techniques were used to establish the efficiency of generating various ROSs by TiO2 NPs – PbS/3MPA nanoheterostructures and their individual components under excitation in the UV and visible radiation. It was shown that TiO2 NPs decoration with PbS QDs extends the spectral range of sensitivity to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the UV to 1,100 nm. The study revealed an increased efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation by nanoheterostructures as compared to individual PbS QDs and TiO2 nanoparticles.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Inorganic synthesis: new tendencies and new potentials
- Author
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A. V. Shevelkov
- Subjects
inorganic synthesis ,spark plasma sintering ,melt ,nanoparticles ,ionic liquids ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This paper briefly reviews some perspective methods of synthesis successfully used in recent years in inorganic chemistry. Emphasis is placed on spark plasma sintering, synthesis in flux metal and synthesis of nanoparticles and clusters in ionic liquids. Besides, the paper briefly discusses some other approaches to inorganic synthesis, the use of which is perspective in the near future.
- Published
- 2012
13. Optical properties and radiation stability of polypropylene modified with MgO nanoparticles
- Author
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M. M. Mikhailov and V. A. Goronchko
- Subjects
polypropylene ,optical properties ,modification ,oxide compounds ,nanoparticles ,radiation stability ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
Polymer composite materials are widely used in spacecraft and stations in thermal control coatings, as sealants, seals, thermal insulation, as well as in many other structures and products. The main characteristic of such materials is the stability of properties and performance characteristics to the action of space factors, among which various types of radiation are the main damaging ones. Therefore, it is relevant to study the influence of electron, proton, solar spectrum quanta on the change in optical, electrical, mechanical, and other properties of polymer composite materials. This paper presents the results of a investigation of the optical properties and radiation stability of nanocomposites based on polypropylene modified by the solid state method with MgO nanoparticles in the concentration range of 1–5 mass.%. Diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded in a vacuum of 2·10-6 Torr before and after electron irradiation (in situ, E = 30 keV, H = 2·1016 cm-2). The analysis of the nature of the absorption bands recorded in the diffuse reflection spectra, which are due to the formation of free radicals: – С3Н5 –, – С3Н6 –, – C4H6 –, – C4H7 –, – C4H8–, – C4H12 –, – C5H7 –, – C5H10 –, was performed. The optimal value of the concentration of nanoparticles was established, equal to 2 mass.%, at which the area of the integral absorption band at 360 nm after irradiation decreased by 3,35 times, its intensity at the maximum by 3,88 times compared with unmodified polypropylene.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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14. Photosensitisation of reactive oxygen species with titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated with silver sulphide quantum dots
- Author
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Oleg V. Ovchinnikov, Mikhail S. Smirnov, Aleksey S. Perepelitsa, Sergey V. Aslanov, Vasily N. Popov, Artem P. Gureev, Fedor A. Tsybenko, and Alaa M. H. Hussein
- Subjects
reactive oxygen species ,photocatalysis ,nanoparticles ,titanium dioxide ,quantum dots ,silver sulphide ,photosensitisation ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
At present, the development of methods for sensitisation to the visible and IR spectral regions of systems for the photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles is of great interest. The purpose of this work was to establish the regularities of the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species during the formation of TiO2 nanoparticle – Ag2S quantum dots nanoheterosystems under the action of radiation in visible and near-infra-red spectral regions. The paper analyses the photocatalytic properties of anatase nanoparticles 10–15 nm in size decorated with colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with an average size of 2.5 nm passivated with thioglycolic and 2-mercaptopropionic acids. Selective sensor dyes were used to estimate the effectiveness of sensitisation of various reactive oxygen species with the studied photocatalysts under excitation in the UV and visible region. It was shown that decorating TiO2 nanoparticles with quantum dots leads to an increased efficiency of the production by the system of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide under photoexcitation in the TiO2 absorption region (UV range). Sensitisation of the production of reactive oxygen species by nanosystems was detected during excitation by radiation in the visible spectral region (outside the intrinsic TiO2 absorption band). It was also found that there is an increase in the efficiency of the production of reactive oxygen species (up to 1.5 times) when thioglycolic acid is replaced with 2-mercaptopropionic acid as a passivator of Ag2S quantum dots. The obtained data were used to develop a schematic diagram of photoprocesses in the system.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. The high-performance laser ELS method for analyzing the aggregation stability in colloidal solutions of nanoparticles
- Author
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Savchenko Ekaterina, Tkach Olga, and Karseeva Elina
- Subjects
zeta potential ,electrophoretic mobility ,electrophoresis ,dynamic light scattering ,heterodyne mode ,colloids ,nanoparticles ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
In the paper, modification of the electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) method for improving an accuracy of determining the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of nanoparticles in colloidal systems has been put forward. The modification included the creation of an original experimental setup operating in the heterodyne mode using a multimode fiber at the input of the recording unit, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and also an expansion of ranges of nanoparticles’ key parameters: sizes, electrical conductivity, concentration in solution. The theoretical substantiation for processing the scattering signal of polydisperse colloidal solutions of nanoparticles and calculating the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of colloidal systems was given. The high accuracy of the measured parameters was achieved, in comparison with the data obtained from the ZetaSizer Nano commercial device.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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16. Inventions of scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries in the area of nanotechnologies. Part III
- Author
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Leonid A. Ivanov, Li D. Xu, Elena S. Bokova, Aleksey V. Demenev, and Vyacheslav A. Ivanov
- Subjects
nanotechnologies in construction ,carbon nanotubes ,nanodimensional powders ,nanoparticles ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Introduction. Advanced technologies impress people’s imagination demonstrating the latest achievements (materials, methods, systems, technologies, devices etc.) that dramatically change the world. This, first of all, concerns nanotechnological inventions designed by scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries. Main part. The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention «Composite material with oriented carbon nanotubes» refers to the area of composite materials which consist of polymer matrix and filler that is often presented by carbon nanotubes. The technical result is increased tensile strength of composite material due to formation of structure of oriented carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix. That is performed by means of flat-rate flow of direct current which destroys filler agglomerates. The specialists can also be interested in the following inventions in the area of nanotechnologies: a method to produce powder containing nanocrystalline cubic tungsten carbide; a method to produce porous graphene membranes and the membranes produced with this method; suppressor coating on the basis of polymer matrix with inclusion of carbon nanotubes and a method to produce it; a method to determine location of polyethylene gas pipeline and places of possible illegal tapping of those pipeline; a method to produce biphasic thermoelectric ceramics; electron-beam system of 3D radiant nanomodification for materials and articles; lab-on-fruit skin and lab-on-leaf towards recognition of trifluralin using Ag-citrate/GQDs nanocomposite stabilized on the flexible substrate: A new platform for the electroanalysis of herbicides using direct writing of nano-inks and pen-on paper technology; and others. Conclusion. One of the most challenging tasks the economy of every country face is to increase industrial competitiveness through technological upgrade. From the side of the state and companies the principal object to control in this process are the people and enterprises dealing with introduction of inventions and new technologies.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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17. Optimization of Synthesis Process of Nanostructured Carbide-Corundum Silumin Modifier
- Author
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Dmitry V. Orda
- Subjects
modifier ,nanoparticles ,titanium carbide ,corundum ,optimization ,mathematical model ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
A mathematical model is developed for the process of synthesis of nanostructured modifier TiC-Al2O3 by gasphase deposition based on the system of starting materials TiO2-Al-C. To construct the response equation in the form of a polynomial of the second degree, the experiments were carried out in accordance with the model of a rotatable composite plan of the second order with three factors, including 20 experiments. The main factors considered were the isothermal holding temperature T (°C), the isothermal holding time t (s), and the proportion of the chlorinating component Q (wt.%), and as a response function — the proportion of titanium carbide q(TiC) (wt.%) in the composition of the synthesized modifier. The paper describes the results of computational and experimental modeling, from which it can be concluded that to obtain a modifier with the highest content of titanium carbide, the synthesis parameters should be as follows: T = 900–930 °C; t = 2–2.5 h; Q = 4–4.5 wt.%. The resulting TiC-Al2O3 modifier contains 34 wt.% TiC and has a nanostructured structure, with spherical and filamentous particles which diameter does not exceed 100 nm.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. MAGNETIC TRAP FOR LOCALIZATION OF MICROPARTICLES IN THE LIQUID STREAM.
- Author
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Bar'yakhtar, V. G., Gorobets, Yu. I., and Potyemkin, M. M.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC traps ,OSCILLATING chemical reactions ,MAGNETIC fields ,FERROMAGNETISM ,LIQUIDS ,NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
This paper considers the model of a magnetic trap, based on the movement method under quickly oscillating magnetic field, offered by Kapitsa. Moreover, we also make the calculations of its implementation and retention of ferromagnetic microparticles in the liquid stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
19. Nanomodification of cement-based composites in the technological life cycle
- Author
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Chernishov E.M., Artamonova O.V., and Slavcheva G.S.
- Subjects
nanomodification ,nanoparticles ,evolutionary route ,technological life cycle ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
The paper reviews the theoretical framework of nanomodification principles of building composites and the conceptual model of the nanomodification from the point of view of the evolutionary model of the solid phase formation depending on the kinetics of heterogeneous processes. According to the route, the main factors of the cement system nanomodifcation were identified for all stages of the technological life cycle. These are associated with the nano-sized particles playing the role of a) structure-forming nuclei, b) substrates for crystallization, c) centers of new formation zoning in the matrix substance of the material, d) nano-reinforcing matrix element. The concepts of the nanomodification and technological tools of the nanomodification of building composites are substantiated. Their hydration kinetics, phase composition, microstructure, rheology and strength characteristics are investigated in order to evaluate the efficiency of the nanomodification principles. It is shown that the use of the nanomodifiers enhances the ductility of cement paste, accelerates cement hydration processes by 9–28 times, and increases strength by 1.5–2 times. This will reduce the cost of flow, casting and hardening processes in the technological life cycle of cement-based composites.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Achievements of nanoindustry: projects, applications, economic effect and social significance
- Author
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L.N. Smirnova, T. Rucińska, and A.I. Zvezdov
- Subjects
achievements of nanotechnology ,nanosilica ,nanoparticles ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
In the paper the review of achievements of nanoindustry is carried out: the use of nanosilica as an additive that improves the fire and thermal resistance of cementitious composites; a welding filler reinforced with nanoparticles for aerospace structures; smart, mobile and autonomous station for collecting and accumulating solar and electric energy; materials authentication with the use of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, etc. Areas of application, economic effect and social significance of projects developed in different countries are given. For example, researchers and developers at Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Israel and Ulyanovsk state technical University, Russia have jointly created a device in the field of alternative energy that allows you to collect and store solar and electric energy for later use. The device has a unique smart system of protection against voltage interruptions and overheating due to the controller devices and software. Also, the device has a number of innovative engineering solutions to reduce the temperature of the heated elements of the device, increase protection from dust and moisture. All this together is a unique solution different from the existing solutions capable of generating and storing solar energy for a long time (up to 10 years).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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21. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE SIZE OF Cu – Au NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM THE GAS PHASE
- Author
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Yu.Ya. Gafner and S.L. Gafner
- Subjects
nanotechnology ,nanopowders ,computer simulation ,tight-binding ,nanoparticles ,copper ,gold ,Physical and theoretical chemistry ,QD450-801 - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a computer simulation by using a molecular dynamics method of synthesizing binary Cu – Au nanoclusters by condensation from a gaseous phase. To calculate the interatomic interaction forces, a modified tight-binding potentials with a fixed cutoff radius was used. The initial point of the process of condensation of nanoparticles from the gas phase was a configuration containing Cu and Au atoms (total number of 91124) distributed in a simple cubic lattice with the lattice parameter of 30aB, where aB is the Bohr radius (the periodic boundary conditions were used). For the analysis, we selected the initial configurations of different chemical compositions: Cu3Au, CuAu, Cu90Au10, Cu60Au40 which were cooled with the liquid nitrogen during the condensation process.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Nanoscale Therapeutic System: Safety Assessment Features
- Author
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E. M. Bovina, B. K. Romanov, A. S. Kazakov, N. Yu. Velts, E. O. Zhuravleva, T. M. Bukatina, R. N. Alyautdin, and V. A. Merkulov
- Subjects
drug safety ,nanomedicines ,nanoparticles ,nanocarrier ,liposomes ,drug targeting ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Nanoscale drugs differ in special physicochemical, biological, pharmacokinetic parameters. These properties can be used to provide targeted delivery, prolong the action of drugs, as well as reduce their side effects. An important problem that needs attention is the study of the potential risks arising from the treatment of such drugs. The aim of the study: analysis of the requirements of domestic and foreign regulators for the safety of nanoscale drugs. The paper presents the classification of the most promising nanosystems containing drugs, and an analysis of the existing principles for assessing their safety in Russia and abroad has been carried out. It was shown that when assessing the safety of nano-sized drugs, along with the properties of the active substance, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the nanosystem (polymer coating, carrier, etc.), related to its size, distribution pattern, charge of nanoparticles, and ability to induce oxidative stress. Domestic and foreign regulatory documents governing the procedure for assessing the safety of pharmacological substances derived from nanotechnology was analyzed. Conclusions: Despite the availability of recommendations from regulatory authorities, further improvement of the requirements for registration and safety assessment of nanoscale drugs is necessary. Further development of the regulatory framework governing the development, quality, efficiency and safety of nanomaterials in medicine is necessary, taking into account the structural issues of the active substance and nano-carriers.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING IN PHOTOPOLYMERIZED NANOCOMPOSITE WITH DAST NANOCRYSTALS
- Author
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T. N. Pogosian, Diep Lai Ngoc, I. Y. Denisyuk, and I. Ledoux-Rak
- Subjects
nanocomposite ,nanoparticles ,acrilate ,holography ,DAST ,molecular crystals ,nonlinear optics ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
This paper is devoted to recording of a periodic lattice in the photopolymerized nanocomposite with nanoparticles of nonlinear optical DAST crystal (4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate) by holographic method. Nanocomposite consists of the mixture of two monomers: IDA (Isodecyl acrylate) and TMP (Trimethylolpropane ethoxylate (1 EO/OH) methyl ether diacrylate) with molecules of DAST dissolved in methanol. Initiator In2 (2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone) provides photopolymerization.At solution centrifugal separation solvent evaporation and crystal formation start. It is shown that there is a record of the volume hologram when two-beam interference is used. Micro photos prove the movement of DAST nanoparticles in volume that provides creation of nonlinear grating, which can be used for quasi-phase matching of nonlinear effects.
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- 2019
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24. DEPENDENCE OF FLUORESCENT CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOCOMPOSITES ON THE BASIS OF DYE MOLECULES AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THE OPTICAL DENSITY OF COMPONENTS
- Author
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S. V. Nikolaev, V. V. Pozhar, M. I. Dzyubenko, and K. S. Nikolayev
- Subjects
fluorescence ,laser dye ,nanoparticles ,plazmon resonance ,Electronics ,TK7800-8360 - Abstract
Subject and purpose. It is known that the addition of plazmon metal nanoparticles to active media can be used to improve the radiative characteristics of the medium. However, the problem of the influence of the component ratio on the intensity of the nanocomposites fluorescence, which is relevant from an applied point of view, has not been sufficiently investigated and requires additional studies. Methods and methodology. In this paper fluorescence of solutions of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine C dyes in the presence of silver nanoparticles at different excitation wavelengths was studied. The effect of the mixture components concentration on the fluorescence amplification coefficient of the dye molecules was studied. Results. It is shown that as a generalized parameter determining the fluorescent characteristics of nanocomposites, one can consider the relative optical density of the mixture components, which is the ratio of the optical density of the nanoadditive to the optical density of the dye at the excitation wavelength. The relative optical density increases with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, a decrease in the concentration of the dye, or in the case of excitation by radiation with the spectrum closest to the maximum of plasmon resonance of nanoparticles. In this case, an increase in the fluorescence amplification coefficient was observed. If the pump spectrum is far from the maximum wavelength of the plazmon resonance, the concentration of the nanoparticles is low, and the dye concentration is high, then the relative optical density is small, the fluorescence intensification becomes insignificant, and even its quenching may occur. Conclusions. The results of these studies allow us to formulate a general approach to assessing the effect of the components ratio of mixtures composed of dye molecules and metallic nanoparticles on the fluorescence intensity of fluorophore molecules.
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- 2018
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25. Comprehensive methodological approach to determine the toxicological characteristics of the highly dispersed rock samples
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Ayzenshtadt Arkady Mikhailovich, Frolova Maria Arkadevna, and Shinkaruk Anna Alexandrovna
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rocks ,basalt ,nanoparticles ,free surface energy ,surface activity ,toxicity ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
A schematic diagram of the integrated approach for assessing the toxicological properties of rocks, taking into account their physicochemical properties, was proposed. This methodology was tested on the basalt samples taken from the Myandukha deposit (Arkhangelsk region). The paper presents data of the chemical composition on the basis of which the value of the specific mass energy of atomization of the raw material of the rock was calculated. The energy parameters of the micro- and nanosystems of the sample were calculated: free surface energy and surface activity. To perform toxicological evaluation of the analyzed material a new generation sequencing (NGS) method, the metagenomic analysis, and the MTT method for determining the viability of cell cultures were used. These methods allowed determining species diversity of microorganisms in basalt samples, as well as the cytotoxicity of highly dispersed basalt particles. It was found out that basalt, possessing a high surface activity, is capable of sorbing significant number of microorganisms of different species groups on the surface of the particles, that is a potential danger of microbiological contamination - this fact must be taken into account when processing raw materials in technological processes. At the same time, the non-toxic nature of the basalt nanoparticles was noted. The proposed schematic diagram of the integrated approach can be recommended for assessing the toxicological properties of rocks.
- Published
- 2017
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26. Experimental research of stability of emulsion systems with SIO2 nanoparticles.
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Zeigman Yury Veniaminovich, Belenkova Natalia Gennadievna, and Sergeev Vitaly Vyacheslavovich
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nanoparticles ,silicon dioxide ,emulsion system ,reservoir stimulation ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century scientific research devoted to properties of nanosized particles and their industrial application in the industry of oil and gas fields development has been rapidly evolving. The use of nanosized particles can significantly rise efficiency of technological solutions, and that fact determines this research area as the most promising today. In the area of oil and gas fields development one of the general application for nanoparticles is the development of high-performance technological fluids with new or improved physico-chemical properties. The ability of nanoparticles to modify wettability of the rock surface and to be fixed on the adsorption-solvation stratums of globules makes them a unique tool to regulate physicochemical properties of technological fluids and physical properties of rocks.The article reveals the results of a new stage in the research of physical properties of emulsion systems with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2). The research carried out within the framework of international project «Development and implementation of water-blocking agents based on the SiO2 nanoparticles application». The results of comparative tests of stability of classical emulsions (O/W and W/O types) and emulsion systems modified with SiO2 nanoparticles with different wettability characteristics (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) are presented. According to the results of comparative tests, it has been determined that the stability of most samples of modified emulsion systems containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica nanoparticles exceeds the stability of classical emulsions by more than 100%. In the course of comparative studies, the following types of experiments were performed: measurement of aggregate stability, electrostability and thermal stability of samples. The paper is a continuation of the complex research which has been published in [1].
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- 2017
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27. Experimental study of viscosity properties of emulsion system with SiO2 nanoparticles.
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ZEIGMAN Yury Veniaminovich,, MUKHAMETSHIN Vyacheslav Sharifullovich,, SERGEEV Vitaly Vyacheslavovich,, and KINZYABAEV Fanis Suleimanovich,
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nanoparticles ,emulsion systems ,viscosity properties ,reservoir stimulation ,bottom-hole zone ,selective treatment. ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
When oil production is increasing due to intensive oilfield development methods supporting seam pressure by water injection oil producers face the problem of displacement agent break in more permeable intervals of petroleum reservoir. That leads to dramatic increase of product inundation for well stock and decrease of economic efficiency for well performance. Nowadays the petroleum engineers have proposed more than 100 technologies designed to restrict water inflows and flooding agent to bottom-hole zone of the production wells. The water inflows restriction technologies are distinguished by the type of applied chemical compositions and the way how the chemical compositions are delivered to bottom-hole zone. The analysis of the currently applied chemical compositions has allowed authors to reveal the common feature. The common feature is that the currently applied chemical compositions are non-selective and they produce isolating or blocking effect onto water-saturated and oil-saturated zones of the petroleum reservoir. The application of the nonselective high-stability chemical compositions leads to uncontrolled colmatation of all treated intervals and makes it difficult to involve them into filtration process in future. This work presents the technology for the selective reservoir stimulation based on emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles content and gelling acid composition. The technology was developed for complex impact on formation system, that achieved by blocking water-saturated intervals of reservoir and stimulation of less permeable oil-saturated intervals of reservoir. The paper shows the results of complex laboratory experiments to study viscosity parameters of emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles content. The results of the experiments revealed the ability of the SiO2 nanoparticles to rise dynamic viscosity of the different type of emulsion systems: oil in water and water in oil. Test for thermostability of the modified emulsion systems showed stability of the systems under 80о C. In addition, the modified emulsion systems kept the ability to decrease significantly viscosity in the reaction with hydrocarbons, i.e. the emulsion systems with SiO2 nanoparticles are selective compositions for the water-inflows restriction.
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- 2017
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28. Plasma-chemical preparation of nanoscale cobalt oxide
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Skiba Margaryta I., Pivovarov Alexandr A., Makarova Anna K., and Vorobyova Viktoriya I.
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plasma discharge ,production ,aqueous solutions ,cobalt oxide ,nanoparticles ,General Works - Abstract
As of today, sols and nanodispersed systems of transition metal oxides are increasingly spreading. Due to a number of properties, undoubted interest for the development of technologies in various industries is represented by cobalt oxide Со3О4. In this paper, we demonstrate the results of studies on the use of a contact nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma as a tool for obtaining nanoscale cobalt oxide. Aim: The aim of the work is to obtain cobalt oxide using a contact nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma. Materials and Methods: The investigations were carried out in a gas-liquid batch reactor. The electrodes are made of stainless steel. The plasma column formed as a result of the test is a processing tool. Cooling of the reaction mixture was ensured by continuous circulation of cold water. The reactor pressure was 80±4 kPa. To obtain a plasma discharge, a voltage of 500...1000 V was applied to the electrodes. The current was maintained at 120±6 mA. Optical spectra of sols were recorded in the wavelength range 190...700 nm. The thermal analysis was carried out in an air medium at a heating rate of 10 deg/min in quartz crucibles. The obtained samples were examined by X-ray phase analysis. The dimensional parameters of the obtained compounds were examined using an electron microscope. Results: Theoretical and experimental studies of the hydrolysis of cobalt chloride as a preliminary stage for the preparation of oxygen-containing cobalt compounds are carried out: calculations of the distribution of cobalt ions, its constituents, and the dependence of the solubility of cobalt hydroxide on the pH value and ionic force are presented. It was found that the final pH value of cobalt hydroxide precipitation varies in the range 8.2...9.0 and, depending on the magnitude of the ionic force, is 9.0 and 8.2 at I = 0, I = 1, respectively. The regularities of the change in the oxidation-reduction potential and the hydrogen index of cobalt oxide solutions during their processing by a low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma are studied. The phase composition of the plasma-chemical obtained cobalt compounds was investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The main phase of the product obtained is represented by cobalt oxide of structure Со3О4. According to the data of microscopic and X-ray diffraction methods of analysis, it is shown that the sizes of the obtained cobalt compounds lie in the nanometer range.
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
29. Perspectives of nanotechnologies in clinical neurology
- Author
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R. D. Seifulla, Z. A. Suslina, E. V. Kulykova, E. K. Kim, A. B. Timofeev, S. N. Illarioshkin, and E. A. Rozhkova
- Subjects
nanotechnology ,nanomedicine ,neurology ,drug delivery ,nanoparticles ,nanotubes ,liposomes ,fullerene ,dendrimer ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Nanotechnologies is a new and rapidly developing field of science and engineering related to targeted manipulation of objects sized within the nano-diapason (1091012 m); this means principally new characteristics and qualities of the respective systems to be constructed. In the paper, problems of nanotechnology applications in clinical neurology are considered, namely, possibilities and prospects of the use, in diagnostic and medicinal purposes, of biochips, nanosensors, bioreactors, immunonanoparticles, biodegradable polymers, convectionenhanced drug delivery, etc. in various diseases of the nervous system. Special attention is paid to the development of pharmacotherapeutic applications, including drug transport systems and targeted nanotherapy, which outlines modern nanomedicine. Different medicinal nanoformulations are discussed, including polymeric nanoparticles, fullerenes, dendrimers, liposomes, nanotubes, etc. The authors experience in the study of stable glycosphyngolipid nanotubes and nanoliposomes as the drug delivery system is presented. For this purpose, the model of skin vasomotor reaction stimulation by cutaneous nitroglycerin application was used: the effect of nitroglycerin was shown to rise 1.5 times with nanotubes as carriers, and 2.5 times with nanoliposomes.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Properties of polymer composites on the basis polyvinyl alcohol with nanoparticles of copper
- Author
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Ludmila Trufakina, Tatiana Petrenko, and Natalya Ryabova
- Subjects
composition ,nanoparticles ,dynamic viscosity ,module of elasticity ,adhesion ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the increase interest of obtaining and using polymer composites with copper nanoparticles, possessing a number of specific properties for biomedicine researches like materials for tissues and cell engineering, medicine substance with control of secrete of drugs, in electronic and another fields of technics. The paper demonstrates the possibility of getting polymer composites on basis polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) and natrium tetraborate using copper nanoparticles. The main aim of the study is to obtain the polymer composites on the basis of water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with additives of sodium tetraborate and filler in the form of copper nanoparticles; to study their rheological and surface properties: effective viscosity, module elasticity and strength adhesion; to determine the oxidation level of copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in the mixture with polymers as well as depending on polymer concentration. The methods used in the study. Viscosimetric study of polymer composites was realized on rheoviscosimeter Rheotest-2, the elasticity module was defined by the method of spherical indenter penetration; the adhesion strength was studied by the method of metal ring perpendicular separation from the polymer body surface. The IR-spectra were recorded at the spectrometer Nicolet 5700. The oxidation degree of copper nanoparticles was determined by difractometer DS DISCOVER with Gadds (Bruker, Germany). The results. It was shown for the first time that due to interdependent influence of the mixture components: polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with sodium tetraborate and copper nanoparticles at formation of polymeric complex the effective viscosity and the elasticity module increase, the strength adhesion decreases in comparison with initial polymers. The authors have carried out the comparative evaluation of the properties of the polymer compositions under study. Freezing of polymer compositions leads to large strengthening of the properties under study. Interaction of components of this polymer composition changes chemical compositions and structure of polymers. In contrast with the initial polymers, their mixtures are insoluble in water. The results obtained on difractometer allows determining the oxidation level copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in mixture of polymers and the depending on their concentration.
- Published
- 2019
31. RISKS AND SAFETY OF USING NANOTECHNOLOGIES OF FOOD PRODUCTS: A REVIEW
- Author
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N. A. Gorbunova and E. K. Tunieva
- Subjects
nanotechnology ,nanomaterials ,nanoparticles ,nanofoods ,innovative products ,bioactive molecules ,risks and safety of nanoproducts ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The problem of healthy and quality nutrition has a global character. The modern development of technologies including nanotechnologies allowed obtaining materials with unique properties, which began to be actively used in food industry and agriculturebut, at the same time, require thorough investigation of their properties and effects on the human body and environment. The paper demonstrates the main directions of the nanotechnology use in the agricultural production and food industry, examines the safetyproblems and risks occurred when using nanotechnologies in food industry with account for insufficient research on the influence of food nanotechnologies on human health and environmental ecology, and presents the normative and methodical base of the RussianFederation for assurance of safe consumption of food products produced from nanomaterials.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Effect of Temperature on the Reaction of Polyimide Suspension to Applied Voltage
- Author
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N.A. Semenov and R.A. Galimov
- Subjects
polyimides ,nanoparticles ,electrorheological properties ,electrorheological suspensions ,flow curves ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
The electrorheological properties of a new class of “smart materials”, electrorheological suspensions based on nano-sized polymer particles of polyimides, are discussed in the paper. The investigations are performed in a wide range of shear deformation speeds and at different temperatures. The obtained results open up prospects for widespread practical use of this class of electrorheological suspensions.
- Published
- 2015
33. Prerequisite to applying transmission electron microscope as a geochemical method for detecting migration forms of minerals over hydrocarbon deposits
- Author
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Nikolay Petrovich Bredikhin and Igor Stanislavovich Sobolev
- Subjects
hydrocarbon deposits ,geogas migration flow ,geochemistry ,transmission electron microscopy ,nanoparticles ,epigenetic changes ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the necessity to develop the technique for finding and identifying metal compounds migration forms over the boundaries of hydrocarbon deposits on the Earth surface. The existing information on possibility of metal transfer from the level of deposits is often contradictory and it can cast doubt on the possibility of geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits on the basis of information on metal content in the subsurface horizons. The technique of collection and analysis allows us to study nanoscale metal compounds migrating as a part of gas flow to the Earth surface. It becomes possible to determine the origin of nanoscale metal compounds with the ability to prove the genesis of the deep nature of the substance found on the surface. The main aim of the research is to review and to analyze the existing knowledge on geochemical methods of prospecting for oil and gas; to model a new geochemical method associated with the study of samples on a transmission electron microscope for identifying nanoscale particles. The methods used in the study: geochemistry methods of prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields, transmission electron microscopy. The results of the research. The authors have reviewed and analyzed the literature on geochemical methods to search for oil and gas deposits and analyzed the patterns of geochemical features and magnetic fields on deposits of the West Siberian oil and gas province. The paper introduces a new prospecting and exploration geochemical and magnetic technique which can help identify nanoscale mineral forms of chemical elements with a transmission electron microscope, in particular find and identify migration metal compounds.
- Published
- 2017
34. NANOSCALE BARIUM HYDROSILICATES: CHOOSING THE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY
- Author
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GRISHINA Anna Nikolaevna and KOROLEV Evgenij Valerjevich
- Subjects
synthesis technology ,nanoparticles ,barium hydrosilicates ,efficiency of technology ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Cement concretes are the most used materials in modern civil engineering. Due to that such materials draw great attention both in the Russian Federation and abroad. The possibility to enhance the manufacturability and operational properties of concretes results in significant reduction of overall operating costs. Many enhancement methods have been elaborated. Among them there is one based on introduction of calcium hydrosilicates into construction composition. The authors set up a hypothesis that similarity between properties and structures of different hydrosilicates (for example, alkaline earth metals and metals of the second group) will provide similar increased operational characteristics. The specialists of Research and Educational Center «Nanotechnology» are developing cement composites nanomodification methods which include introduction of nanodimensional barium hydrosilicates particles. The synthesis of barium hydrosilicates particles can be done with the use of many technologies, different by energy consumption or performing complexity. Taking into account both these factors, one can assume that low-temperature sol-gel synthesis from diluted water solutions is the proper technology. The present paper shows that this assumption is correct. The selection of certain technology is made by the means of multiobjective optimization, which is in turn is performed by the means of linear scalarization. This method, while not always giving the Pareto optimal solutions, can be easily implemented. The particle size distribution is taken into consideration during selection of objectives and weights. It is shown that selected technology allows manufacturing nanoparticles with median size about 30 nm.
- Published
- 2013
35. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE SIZE OF Cu – Au NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM THE GAS PHASE
- Author
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S. L. Gafner and Yu.Ya. Gafner
- Subjects
Materials science ,nanotechnology ,nanopowders ,lcsh:QD450-801 ,Nanoparticle ,lcsh:Physical and theoretical chemistry ,gold ,Gas phase ,Chemical engineering ,tight-binding ,copper ,computer simulation ,nanoparticles ,Chemical composition - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a computer simulation by using a molecular dynamics method of synthesizing binary Cu – Au nanoclusters by condensation from a gaseous phase. To calculate the interatomic interaction forces, a modified tight-binding potentials with a fixed cutoff radius was used. The initial point of the process of condensation of nanoparticles from the gas phase was a configuration containing Cu and Au atoms (total number of 91124) distributed in a simple cubic lattice with the lattice parameter of 30aB, where aB is the Bohr radius (the periodic boundary conditions were used). For the analysis, we selected the initial configurations of different chemical compositions: Cu3Au, CuAu, Cu90Au10, Cu60Au40 which were cooled with the liquid nitrogen during the condensation process.
- Published
- 2019
36. INFLUENCE OF THE SIZE OF INCLUSIONS ON THE THRESHOLD OF EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION OF MIXTURE COMPOSITIONS ON THE BASIS OF PETN (PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRANITRATE) AND INCLUSIONS OF Ni AND Al UNDER LASER INFLUENCE
- Author
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I. Yu. Liskov, B. P. Aduev, D. R. Nurmukhametov, A. P. Nikitin, and R. I. Kovalev
- Subjects
explosion ,petn ,nanoparticles ,laser ,impulse ,History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics ,DK1-4735 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The paper reveals the dependence of the probability of explosion of PETN with inclusions of nickel and aluminum in two sizes in samples on the density of energy of the initiating laser impulse (1064 nm, 14 ns). The possibility of regulating the PETN sensitivity to laser action with additives of nickel nanoparticles is shown.
- Published
- 2014
37. Development of the technology for obtaining PLGA and dipropoxybateriopurpurinimide-based nanoparticles. Evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties of the obtained delivery system
- Author
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M. D. Sapelnikov, E. D. Nikolskaya, N. B. Morozova, E. A. Plotnikova, A. V. Efremenko, A. V. Panov, M. A. Grin, and R. I. Yakubovskaya
- Subjects
photosensitizer ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dispersity ,Nanoparticle ,Photodynamic therapy ,Dermatology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,medicine ,Medical technology ,Photosensitizer ,plga ,photoinduced antitumor efficacy ,R855-855.5 ,Cytotoxicity ,010405 organic chemistry ,photoinduced activity ,0104 chemical sciences ,PLGA ,dipropoxybacteriopurpurinimide ,chemistry ,photodynamic therapy ,Emulsion ,Surgery ,nanoparticles ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The article describes the process of developing a technology for producing nanoparticles based on a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids (PLGA) containing dipropoxybacteriopurpurinimide (DPBPI) for photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors of various origins. Technological parameters for optimizing the method in order to obtain nanoparticles with specified characteristics are presented in this paper. As a result, the nanoparticles sample with an average particle diameter of 222.6±2.8 nm; ξ-potential 26.3±4.61 mV; polydispersity index 0.144; the total content of DPBPI in PLGA-DPBPI nanoparticles 13.6% were obtained. In accordance with the developed technique, the batch of PLGA-DPBPI nanoparticles was developed for further biological studies. In vitro experiments on A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma for DPBPI, delivered as a part of PLGA-DPBPI nanoparticles, and an EL cremophor-based emulsion (CrEL-DPBPI) showed a similar intracellular distribution (concentrated in vesicular cell structures and diffusely distributed in cytoplasm), as well as high photo induced activity and the absence of dark cytotoxicity in case of PLGA-DPBPI nanoparticles. The study of the PLGA-DPBPI nanoparticles specific activity in vivo on the S37 mouse soft tissue sarcoma model showed the selective accumulation of DPBPI in tumor tissue and the almost complete elimination of DPBPI from the body within 48 hours, as well as significant antitumor efficacy in PDT.
- Published
- 2019
38. Влияние наночастиц AL2o3 на структуру и механические свойства технически чистого алюминия марки A0 при различных скоростях деформации
- Subjects
LIGATURE ,STRUCTURE ,МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕ ,МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ,MODIFICATION ,ДЕФОРМАЦИЯ ,АЛЮМИНИЙ ,ALUMINUM ,УДАРНО-ВОЛНОВОЕ КОМПАКТИРОВАНИЕ ,ЛИГАТУРА ,DEFORMATION ,СТРУКТУРА ,NANOPARTICLES ,SHOCK-WAVE COMPACTION ,НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ ,MECHANICAL PROPERTIES - Abstract
В работе рассмотрено влияние тугоплавких наночастиц Al2O3 на структуру и механические свойства технически чистого алюминия при различных скоростях деформации. Для введения наночастиц оксида алюминия, методом ударно-волнового компактирования были получены лигатуры Al-Al2O3. Введение лигатуры сопровождалось механическим перемешиванием. Расплав, с растворенной в нем лигатурой, был подвержен ультразвуковой обработке. Разливка сопровождалась вибрационной обработкой кокиля. Исследования структуры методом растровой электронной микроскопии показали, что наночастицы оксида алюминия способствуют измельчению среднего размера зерна алюминия. Механические испытания на растяжение показали, что введение 1 мас. %. наночастиц приводит к увеличению механических свойств сплава при скорости деформации 0.001 с-1. Увеличение скорости деформации привело к увеличению пределов текучести и прочности до 36 и 84 МПа, а также к снижению пластичности исследуемых сплавов с 42 до 40 %. The paper considers the effect of refractory Al2O3 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of commercially pure aluminum at different strain rates. For the introduction of aluminum oxide nanoparticles, Al-Al2O3 ligatures were obtained by the method of shock-wave compaction. The introduction of the ligature was accompanied by mechanical stirring. The melt, with the ligature dissolved in it, was subjected to ultrasonic treatment. Casting was accompanied by vibration treatment of the chill mold. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that nanoparticles of aluminum oxide contribute to the grinding of medium-sized aluminum. Mechanical tensile tests showed that the introduction of 1 wt. %. nanoparticles leads to an increase in mechanical properties at a strain rate of 0.001 s-1. An increase in the deformation rate led to an increase in the yield strength and strength of 36 and 84 MPa, as well as a decrease in the quality of the investigated alloys from 42 to 40%. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (госзадание № 0721-2020-0028).
- Published
- 2021
39. Palladium-based nanomaterials as electrochemical catalysts for glucose oxidation in a neutral medium
- Author
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Tokmakova, K. O., Охохонин, А. В., Ohohonin, A. V., УрФУ. Химико-технологический институт, and Кафедра аналитической химии
- Subjects
ГЛЮКОЗА ,PALLADIUM ,МАГИСТЕРСКАЯ ДИССЕРТАЦИЯ ,МОДИФИКАЦИЯ ,MASTER'S THESIS ,MODIFICATION ,NANOTUBES ,НАНОТРУБКИ ,СЕРЕБРО ,ПАЛЛАДИЙ ,НЕЙТРАЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА ,GLUCOSE ,ENZYMIC-FREE ,ELECTROCATALIZER ,ВОЛЬТАМПЕРОМЕТРИЯ ,VOLTAMPEROMETRY ,SILVER ,NANOPARTICLES ,NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENT ,БЕСФЕРМЕНТНОЕ ,ЭЛЕКТРОКАТАЛИЗАТОР ,НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ - Abstract
Выпускная квалификационная работа магистра состоит из 7 глав и посвящена бесферментному электрокаталитическому определению глюкозы в щелочной и нейтральной среде с использованием различных модификаторов на основе наноматериалов, а именно карбоксилированных многостенных нанотрубок, наночастиц серебра и наночастиц палладия. В работе приведены аналитические характеристики использованных модификаторов и обоснования выбора наилучшего модификатора. Для обеспечения селективности анализа были получены полимеры с молекулярными отпечатками глюкозы. Master’s graduation work consists of 7 chapters and is devoted to the non-enzymatic electrocatalytic determination of glucose in an alkaline and neutral medium using various modifiers based on nanomaterials, namely, carboxylated multi-walled nanotubes, silver nanoparticles, and palladium nanoparticles. The paper presents the analytical characteristics of the used modifiers and the rationale for choosing the best modifier.
- Published
- 2021
40. Факторы, влияющие на проявление токсичности и опасности наноматериалов
- Author
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Olga Leonenko and Nataliia Leonenko
- Subjects
Наноматеріали ,Наночастинки ,Токсична дія ,Небезпечність ,Materials science ,Nanostructure ,Economies of agglomeration ,Nanomaterials ,Nanoparticles ,Toxic effect ,Danger ,Наноматериалы ,Наночастицы ,Токсическое действие ,Опасность ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,danger ,engineering.material ,Біологія ,Нанотехнології ,Медицина ,Токсикологія ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Coating ,engineering ,nanoparticles ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,nanomaterials ,toxic effect - Abstract
Background. The development of new technologies of the directed synthesis and use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials with properties that are radically different from those of traditional materials, related to peculiarities of their dimensions and to the combination and variability range of physicochemical properties, parameters, characteristics of nanoparticles and their coating surface, procedures and manipulations when conducting studies, can result in development of quite different effects and risks.Objective. The purpose of the paper is analysis of the significance of dimensional and structural factors, and their combinations in the manifestation of toxicity and danger of nanomaterials based on published data.Methods. Analysis and systematization of scientific data on the assessment of manifestations of toxicity and hazard of nanomaterials over the past 20 years.Results. The transition of substances to the nanoscale state makes them chemically more active – the smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the stronger the effect they show in comparison with equivalent amounts of this substance in a traditional macro form. On contact with the biological environment, their surface is covered with proteins. When entering the body, they may undergo agglomeration, dissociation, or modification. Procedures and manipulations in the research can also affect the properties and, consequently, the toxicity of nanoparticles. Most nanoparticles are unstable in dispersion, prone to aggregation and sedimentation, which significantly affects the process of absorption of nanoparticles and their toxicity.Conclusions. The toxicity and danger of nanoparticles and nanomaterials depend on many factors and their combinations. The complexity of assessing the impact of nanostructures is determined by the range of variability of properties, chemical, geometric, physico-chemical properties and characteristics, size, surface of nanoparticles. The improvement and development of new approaches to identifying the danger of nanoscale objects is a promising direction of scientific investigations., Проблематика. Развитие новых технологий направленного синтеза и использования наночастиц и наноматериалов, свойства которых радикально отличаются от таковых у традиционных материалов и связаны с особенностями их размерности, а также c сочетанием и диапазоном вариабельности физико-химических свойств, параметров, характеристик наночастиц и поверхности их покрытия, процедур и манипуляций при проведении исследований, может привести к возникновению абсолютно разных эффектов и рисков.Цель. Анализ на основе литературных данных значимости размерно-структурных факторов и их сочетаний в проявлении токсичности и опасности наноматериалов.Методика реализации. Анализ и систематизация научных данных, посвященных оценке особенностей проявления токсичности и опасности наноматериалов, за последние 20 лет.Результаты. Переход веществ в наноразмерное состояние делает их химически более активными: чем меньше размер наночастиц, тем сильнее проявляемое ими действие по сравнению с эквивалентными количествами данного вещества в традиционной макроформе. При контакте с биологической средой их поверхность покрывается белками. При попадании в организм они могут подвергаться агломерации, диссоциации или модификации. Процедуры и манипуляции при проведении исследований также могут оказывать влияние на свойства, а следовательно, и на токсичность наночастиц. Большинство наночастиц нестабильны в дисперсии, склонны к агрегации и седиментации, что существенно влияет на процесс поглощения наночастиц и их токсичность.Выводы. Токсичность и опасность наночастиц и наноматериалов зависят от множества факторов и их сочетаний. Сложность оценки воздействия наноструктур определяется диапазоном вариабельности свойств, параметров, химических, геометрических и физико-химических характеристик, размера, поверхности наночастиц. Перспективными являются усовершенствование и разработка новых подходов выявления опасности наноразмерных объектов., Проблематика. Розвиток нових технологій спрямованого синтезу та використання наночастинок і наноматеріалів, властивості яких радикально відрізняються від таких у традиційних матеріалів і пов’язані з особливостями їх розмірності, а також з поєднанням і діапазоном варіабельності фізико-хімічних властивостей, параметрів, характеристик наночастинок та поверхні їх покриття, процедур і маніпуляцій при проведенні досліджень, може привести до виникнення абсолютно різних ефектів та ризиків.Мета. Аналіз на основі літературних даних значимості розмірно-структурних факторів та їх поєднань на прояви токсичності й небезпечності наноматеріалів.Методика реалізації. Аналіз і систематизація сучасних наукових даних, присвячених оцінці особливостей прояву токсичності та небезпечності наноматеріалів, за останні 20 років.Результати. Перехід речовин у нанорозмірний стан робить їх хімічно активнішими: чим менший розмір наночастинок, тим сильніше проявляється їх дія порівняно з еквівалентними кількостями речовини в традиційній макроформі. При контакті з біологічним середовищем їх поверхня покривається білками. При потраплянні в організм вони можуть піддаватися агломерації, дисоціації або модифікації. Процедури та маніпуляції при проведенні досліджень також можуть впливати на властивості, а отже, і на токсичність наночастинок. Більшість наночастинок нестабільні в дисперсії, схильні до агрегації та седиментації, що суттєво впливає на процес поглинання наночастинок та їх токсичність.Висновки. Токсичність і небезпечність наночастинок і наноматеріалів залежать від безлічі факторів і їх поєднань. Складність оцінки впливу наноструктур визначається діапазоном варіабельності властивостей, параметрів, хімічних, геометричних і фізико-хімічних характеристик, розміру, поверхні наночастинок. Перспективними є удосконалення і розробка нових підходів виявлення небезпечності нанорозмірних об’єктів.
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- 2020
41. Фактори, що впливають на прояв токсичності та небезпечності наноматеріалів
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наночастицы ,опасность ,наноматеріали ,токсична дія ,nanoparticles ,токсическое действие ,небезпечність ,danger ,наноматериалы ,наночастинки ,nanomaterials ,toxic effect ,546.3-168):615.9 [(542.2] - Abstract
Проблематика. Розвиток нових технологій спрямованого синтезу та використання наночастинок і наноматеріалів, властивості яких радикально відрізняються від таких у традиційних матеріалів і пов’язані з особливостями їх розмірності, а також з поєднанням і діапазоном варіабельності фізико-хімічних властивостей, параметрів, характеристик наночастинок та поверхні їх покриття, процедур і маніпуляцій при проведенні досліджень, може привести до виникнення абсолютно різних ефектів та ризиків. Мета. Аналіз на основі літературних даних значимості розмірно-структурних факторів та їх поєднань на прояви токсичності й небезпечності наноматеріалів. Методика реалізації. Аналіз і систематизація сучасних наукових даних, присвячених оцінці особливостей прояву токсичності та небезпечності наноматеріалів, за останні 20 років. Результати. Перехід речовин у нанорозмірний стан робить їх хімічно активнішими: чим менший розмір наночастинок, тим сильніше проявляється їх дія порівняно з еквівалентними кількостями речовини в традиційній макроформі. При контакті з біологічним середовищем їх поверхня покривається білками. При потраплянні в організм вони можуть піддаватися агломерації, дисоціації або модифікації. Процедури та маніпуляції при проведенні досліджень також можуть впливати на властивості, а отже, і на токсичність наночастинок. Більшість наночастинок нестабільні в дисперсії, схильні до агрегації та седиментації, що суттєво впливає на процес поглинання наночастинок та їх токсичність. Висновки. Токсичність і небезпечність наночастинок і наноматеріалів залежать від безлічі факторів і їх поєднань. Складність оцінки впливу наноструктур визначається діапазоном варіабельності властивостей, параметрів, хімічних, геометричних і фізико-хімічних характеристик, розміру, поверхні наночастинок. Перспективними є удосконалення і розробка нових підходів виявлення небезпечності нанорозмірних об’єктів. Background. The development of new technologies of the directed synthesis and use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials with properties that are radically different from those of traditional materials, related to peculiarities of their dimensions and to the combination and variability range of physicochemical properties, parameters, characteristics of nanoparticles and their coating surface, procedures and manipulations when conducting studies, can result in development of quite different effects and risks. Objective. The purpose of the paper is analysis of the significance of dimensional and structural factors, and their combinations in the manifestation of toxicity and danger of nanomaterials based on published data. Methods. Analysis and systematization of scientific data on the assessment of manifestations of toxicity and hazard of nanomaterials over the past 20 years. Results. The transition of substances to the nanoscale state makes them chemically more active – the smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the stronger the effect they show in comparison with equivalent amounts of this substance in a traditional macro form. On contact with the biological environment, their surface is covered with proteins. When entering the body, they may undergo agglomeration, dissociation, or modification. Procedures and manipulations in the research can also affect the properties and, consequently, the toxicity of nanoparticles. Most nanoparticles are unstable in dispersion, prone to aggregation and sedimentation, which significantly affects the process of absorption of nanoparticles and their toxicity. Conclusions. The toxicity and danger of nanoparticles and nanomaterials depend on many factors and their combinations. The complexity of assessing the impact of nanostructures is determined by the range of variability of properties, chemical, geometric, physico-chemical properties and characteristics, size, surface of nanoparticles. The improvement and development of new approaches to identifying the danger of nanoscale objects is a promising direction of scientific investigations. Проблематика. Развитие новых технологий направленного синтеза и использования наночастиц и наноматериалов, свойства которых радикально отличаются от таковых у традиционных материалов и связаны с особенностями их размерности, а также c сочетанием и диапазоном вариабельности физико-химических свойств, параметров, характеристик наночастиц и поверхности их покрытия, процедур и манипуляций при проведении исследований, может привести к возникновению абсолютно разных эффектов и рисков. Цель. Анализ на основе литературных данных значимости размерно-структурных факторов и их сочетаний в проявлении токсичности и опасности наноматериалов. Методика реализации. Анализ и систематизация научных данных, посвященных оценке особенностей проявления токсичности и опасности наноматериалов, за последние 20 лет. Результаты. Переход веществ в наноразмерное состояние делает их химически более активными: чем меньше размер наночастиц, тем сильнее проявляемое ими действие по сравнению с эквивалентными количествами данного вещества в традиционной макроформе. При контакте с биологической средой их поверхность покрывается белками. При попадании в организм они могут подвергаться агломерации, диссоциации или модификации. Процедуры и манипуляции при проведении исследований также могут оказывать влияние на свойства, а следовательно, и на токсичность наночастиц. Большинство наночастиц нестабильны в дисперсии, склонны к агрегации и седиментации, что существенно влияет на процесс поглощения наночастиц и их токсичность. Выводы. Токсичность и опасность наночастиц и наноматериалов зависят от множества факторов и их сочетаний. Сложность оценки воздействия наноструктур определяется диапазоном вариабельности свойств, параметров, химических, геометрических и физико-химических характеристик, размера, поверхности наночастиц. Перспективными являются усовершенствование и разработка новых подходов выявления опасности наноразмерных объектов.
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- 2020
42. Применение межатомных потенциалов взаимодействия для моделирования наносистем
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наночастицы ,нанотрубки ,моделирования наносистем ,Lennard-Jones potential ,молекула фуллерена ,interaction potential ,взаимодействие зонда атомно-силового микроскопа ,fractal structures ,потенциала Леннарда-Джонса ,потенциал Морзе ,nanotubes ,потенциал взаимодействия ,фрактальные структуры ,modeling of nanosystems ,lcsh:Q ,nanoparticles ,Morse potential ,lcsh:Science ,interaction of the atomic force microscope probe ,fullerene molecule - Abstract
В работе рассмотрены подходы к моделированию различных наносистем с использованием с модельных парных межатомных потенциалов. Рассмотрены случаи наночастиц, нанотрубок, молекул фуллерена и зондов атомно-силового микроскопа., The paper considers approaches to modeling various nanosystems using model pairwise interatomic potentials. Cases of nanoparticles, nanotubes, fullerene molecules and atomic force microscope probes are considered., Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физико-математические науки, Выпуск 4 2020, Pages 166-187
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
43. Preparation of a new nanocolloid radiopharmaceutical based on aluminum oxide
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V. S. Skuridin, E. S. Stasyuk, V. N. Varlamova, A. S. Rogov, V. L. Sadkin, and E. A. Nesterov
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technetium-99m ,nanoparticles ,colloids ,radiopharmaceuticals ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 - Abstract
The authors have studied the regularities of 99mТс (VII) adsorption on activated gamma-oxide Al2O3. The paper demonstrates that oxide radionuclide sorption capacity depends on its acid treatment. The reduction process of 99mТс (VII) to 99mТс (IV) with bivalent tin Sn (II) was studied to determine its required and sufficient amount which could maintain full 99mТс "reducibliness" in the reaction mixture. The adsorption of 99mТс reduced on nanosized powder of aluminum gamma-oxide was investigated; and the technique for preparing 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3 nanocolloids was developed. The authors carried out the preliminary biomedical tests of 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3 compounds in animals to determine functional ability to radionuclide imaging of lymph glands.
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- 2009
44. Magnetic bacteria and their potential applications: a review article
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Eljmali Sara Rajab, Alshikhi Salma Abrahem, Hamouda Samir Ahmed, and Abed Alkreem Naeima Mohamed
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Physics ,MAGNETIC BACTERIA,BIOPHYSICS,NANOPARTICLES,CONSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL CELLS,CANCER,MEDICINE,EARTH''S MAGNETIC FIELD,NANOPARTICLES TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS,МАГНИТОТАКТИЧЕСКИЕ БАКТЕРИИ,БИОФИЗИКА,НАНОЧАСТИЦА,СТРОЕНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТОК,РАК,МЕДИЦИНА,МАГНИТНОЕ ПОЛЕ ЗЕМЛИ,ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ,medicine ,Magnetotactic bacteria ,lcsh:R ,Scientific discovery ,magnetic bacteria ,lcsh:Medicine ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,nanoparticles technological applications ,biophysics ,Magnetotaxis ,cancer ,nanoparticles ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,0210 nano-technology ,earth’s magnetic field ,construction of biological cells ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
Введение. Статья предоставляет обзор научных открытий, касающихся магнитотак-тических бактерий (МТБ). Результаты открытий используются в микробиологии, минералогии, лимнологии, физике, биофизике, химии, биохимии, геологии, кристаллографии и астробиологии. Магнитосомы МТБ организованы в линейные цепи и ориентируют клеточные тела вдоль силовых линий геомагнитного поля, причем вращательные движения жгутиков приводят к т. н. магнитотаксису. Материалы и методы. Обзорная статья о бактериях, чувствительных к магнитному полю, является компиляцией нескольких научных работ из различных научных учреждений. Наиболее важные моменты этого обзора сводятся к следующим положениям: 1) любая биологическая система способна создавать магнитные биоматериалы, такие как магнетит (Fe3O4) и грегит (Fe3S4); 2) навигация этих нанокристал-лов в биологической системе взаимосвязана с магнитным полем Земли. Результаты исследования. Исследователи, участвующие в изучении данной темы, показали, что магнитотактические бактерии действительно реагируют на магнитное поле. Это делает их привлекательными для медико-биологического и промышленного использования из-за наличия сильных электромагнитов, сверхпроводящих магнитов и постоянного магнита. Магнетические бактерии также могут быть использованы в качестве диагностического инструмента при обнаружении дефектов даже на наноуровне. Обсуждение и заключения. Несмотря на важность этой темы, которая пока находит лишь ограниченное применение в медицинской области, необходимо исследовать мир этих бактерий, которые являются кандидатами для использования в новых промышленных технологиях и терапевтических стратегий в медицины.Introduction. This outline explores the scientific discovery concerning the magnetotac-tic bacteria (MTB). The results of the discovery are used in microbiology, mineralogy, limnology, physics, biophysics, chemistry, biochemistry, geology, crystallography, and astrobiology. Magnetosomes of the MTB are organized in linear chains and orient the cell body along geomagnetic field lines while flagella actively propel the cells, resulting in so-called magnetotaxis. Materials and Methods. The review article about the magnetotactic bacteria is a collection of many research papers from different institutes. The emerging important points about this review lie in: (1) any biological system is capable of producing magnetic biomaterials such as magnetite (Fe3O4) and gregite (Fe3S4); (2) the navigation of these nano-crystals in the biological system is interconnected with the Earth's magnetic field. Results. The researchers involved in the study have shown that the magnetotactic bacteria do respond to a magnetic field. This makes them attractive for biomedical and industrial applications because of the availability of superior electromagnets, superconducting magnets and permanent magnet. Magnetic bacteria can also be used as a diagnostic tool in the detection of imperfections even at the nanoscale. Discussion and Conclusions. Although the importance of this issue is still limitedly used in medical area, more performance is necessary to explore the world of these bacteria that are candidate for new industry and new therapy strategies in biotechnology and medical fields.
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- 2017
45. Предпосылки применения просвечивающей электронной микроскопии как геохимической методики выявления миграционных минеральных форм над углеводородными залежами
- Subjects
газовые потоки ,геохимия ,наночастицы ,hydrocarbon deposits ,migration forms of metals ,миграция ,epigenetic changes ,эпигенетические изменения ,transmission electron microscopy ,geogas migration flow ,nanoparticles ,металлы ,миграционные формы ,просвечивающая электронная микроскопия ,углеводородные залежи ,geochemistry - Abstract
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки методики нахождения и определения миграционных форм металлических соединений над контурами углеводородных залежей на поверхности Земли, так как существующая в настоящее время информация о возможности переноса металлов с уровня залежи зачастую противоречива, что ставит под сомнение саму возможность геохимических поисков углеводородных залежей на основе информации о содержании металлов в приповерхностных горизонтах. Обсуждаемая методика сбора и анализа позволяет изучать наноразмерные соединения металлов, мигрирующих в составе газового потока до поверхности Земли. Появляется возможность установления происхождения найденного наноразмерного металлического соединения с допустимостью доказать глубинную природу происхождения вещества, найденного на дневной поверхности. Цель работы: обзор и анализ существующих знаний о геохимических методах поисков месторождений нефти и газа; моделирование новой геохимической методики, связанной с исследованием образцов на просвечивающем электронном микроскопе, с возможностью установления частиц в наноразмерном состоянии. Методы исследования: геохимические методы поиска и разведки месторождений нефти и газа, просвечивающая электронная микроскопия. Результаты. Проведен обзор и анализ литературы на тему геохимических методов поисков залежей нефти и газа, проанализированы закономерности особенностей геохимических полей над месторождениями нефти и газа Западно-Сибирской нефтегазоносной провинции. Предложена новая геохимическая методика поисков и разведки, которая способна выявлять минеральные формы нахождения химических элементов в наноразмерном состоянии на просвечивающем электронном микроскопе, в частности находить и идентифицировать миграционные металлические соединения. The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the necessity to develop the technique for finding and identifying metal compounds migration forms over the boundaries of hydrocarbon deposits on the Earth surface. The existing information on possibility of metal transfer from the level of deposits is often contradictory and it can cast doubt on the possibility of geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits on the basis of information on metal content in the subsurface horizons. The technique of collection and analysis allows us to study nanoscale metal compounds migrating as a part of gas flow to the Earth surface. It becomes possible to determine the origin of nanoscale metal compounds with the ability to prove the genesis of the deep nature of the substance found on the surface. The main aim of the research is to review and to analyze the existing knowledge on geochemical methods of prospecting for oil and gas; to model a new geochemical method associated with the study of samples on a transmission electron microscope for identifying nanoscale particles. The methods used in the study: geochemistry methods of prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields, transmission electron microscopy. The results of the research. The authors have reviewed and analyzed the literature on geochemical methods to search for oil and gas deposits and analyzed the patterns of geochemical features and magnetic fields on deposits of the West Siberian oil and gas province. The paper introduces a new prospecting and exploration geochemical and magnetic technique which can help identify nanoscale mineral forms of chemical elements with a transmission electron microscope, in particular find and identify migration metal compounds.
- Published
- 2016
46. Properties of polymer composites on the basis polyvinyl alcohol with nanoparticles of copper
- Subjects
прочность ,адгезия ,adhesion ,наночастицы ,эффективная вязкость ,module of elasticity ,composition ,nanoparticles ,модули ,dynamic viscosity ,упругость ,композиты - Abstract
Актуальность работы обусловлена интересом использования полимерных композитов с наночастицами меди, обладающих рядом новых функциональных свойств. С помощью реологических методов изучены вязкоупругие свойства и свойства поверхности полимерных композитов на основе поливинилового спирта с Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозой или полиакриламидом с добавкой в качестве наполнителя наночастиц меди. Цель работы: получение полимерных композитов на основе водных растворов поливинилового спирта с Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозой или полиакриламидом с добавкой тетрабората натрия и наполнителя в виде наночастиц меди; изучение их реологических и поверхностных свойств: эффективной вязкости, модуля упругости и прочности адгезии; определение степени окисления наночастиц меди с отдельными полимерами и в смеси полимеров, а также в зависимости от концентрации полимеров. Методы исследования. Вискозиметрические исследования полимерных композитов проведены на реовискозиметре «Реотест- 2»; модуль упругости определяли методом пенетрации шарообразного индентора; прочность адгезии изучали методом перпендикулярного отрыва металлического кольца от поверхности полимерного тела. ИК-спекры полимерных композитов снимали на спектрометре Nicolet 5700. Степень окисления наночастиц меди определяли на дифрактометре DS DISCOVER c Gadds (Bruker, Германия). Результаты. Было показано, что за счет взаимного влияния компонентов смеси поливинилового спирта, Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозы или полиакриламида с тетраборатом натрия и наночастицами меди при формировании полимерного комплекса происходит увеличение эффективной вязкости, модуля упругости и уменьшение прочности адгезии по сравнению с полимерными композициями без наполнителя-наночастицами меди. Проведена сравнительная оценка свойств исследуемых полимерных композитов. Замораживание полимерных композитов приводит к еще большему усилению исследуемых свойств. Взаимодействие компонентов данной полимерной композиции изменяет химический состав и структуру полимеров. В отличие от исходных полимеров, их смеси нерастворимы в воде. Результаты, полученные на дифрактометре, позволили определить степень окисления наночастиц меди с отдельными полимерами и в смеси полимеров, а также в зависимости от их концентрации. Использование ИК-спектрального метода показало, что возможно образование водородных связей в исследуемых композитах. The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the increase interest of obtaining and using polymer composites with copper nanoparticles, possessing a number of specific properties for biomedicine researches like materials for tissues and cell engineering, medicine substance with control of secrete of drugs, in electronic and another fields of technics. The paper demonstrates the possibility of getting polymer composites on basis polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) and natrium tetraborate using copper nanoparticles. The main aim of the study is to obtain the polymer composites on the basis of water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with additives of sodium tetraborate and filler in the form of copper nanoparticles; to study their rheological and surface properties: effective viscosity, module elasticity and strength adhesion; to determine the oxidation level of copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in the mixture with polymers as well as depending on polymer concentration. The methods used in the study. Viscosimetric study of polymer composites was realized on rheoviscosimeter Rheotest-2, the elasticity module was defined by the method of spherical indenter penetration; the adhesion strength was studied by the method of metal ring perpendicular separation from the polymer body surface. The IR-spectra were recorded at the spectrometer Nicolet 5700. The oxidation degree of copper nanoparticles was determined by difractometer DS DISCOVER with Gadds (Bruker, Germany). The results. It was shown for the first time that due to interdependent influence of the mixture components: polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose or poly (acryl amid) with sodium tetraborate and copper nanoparticles at formation of polymeric complex the effective viscosity and the elasticity module increase, the strength adhesion decreases in comparison with initial polymers. The authors have carried out the comparative evaluation of the properties of the polymer compositions under study. Freezing of polymer compositions leads to large strengthening of the properties under study. Interaction of components of this polymer composition changes chemical compositions and structure of polymers. In contrast with the initial polymers, their mixtures are insoluble in water. The results obtained on difractometer allows determining the oxidation level copper nanoparticles with separate polymers and in mixture of polymers and the depending on their concentration.
- Published
- 2015
47. Свойства полимерных композитов на основе поливинилового спирта
- Subjects
адгезия ,adhesion ,наночастицы ,module of elasticity ,composition ,динамическая вязкость ,nanoparticles ,модули ,dynamic viscosity ,упругость ,композиты - Abstract
Актуальность работы обусловлена интересом использования полимерных композитов с наночастицами серебра и золота, обладающих рядом новых функциональных свойств для биомедицинских исследований как материал для тканевой и клеточной инженерии, материалы медицинского назначения с контролируемым выделением лекарственных веществ, в электронике и других областях техники. Показана возможность получения полимерных композитов на основе поливинилового спирта с Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозой, добавкой тетрабората натрия и наполнителей в виде золей наночастиц серебра и золота. Цель работы: получение полимерных композитов на основе водных растворов поливинилового спирта и Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозы с добавкой тетрабората натрия и наполнителей в виде золей наночастиц серебра и золота и изучение их реологических и поверхностных свойств: динамической вязкости, модуля упругости и прочности адгезии. Методы исследования: вискозиметрические исследования полимерных композитов проведены на реовискозиметре "Реотест2", модуль упругости определяли методом пенетрации шарообразного индентора, прочность адгезии изучали методом перпендикулярного отрыва металлического кольца от поверхности полимерного тела. Проведено определение количества водородных связей в полученных полимерных композитах ИК-спекральным методом на спектрометре Nicolet 5700. Результаты: впервые было показано, что за счет взаимного влияния компонентов смеси поливинилового спирта, Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, тетрабората натрия и золей наночастиц серебра и золота при формировании полимерного комплекса происходит увеличение динамической вязкости, модуля упругости и уменьшение прочности адгезии по сравнению с исходными полимерами. Проведена сравнительная оценка свойств исследуемых полимерных композитов. Взаимодействие компонентов данной полимерной композиции приводит к изменению химического состава и структуры полимеров, в отличие от исходных полимеров, их смеси нерастворимы в воде. Применение данной композиции с наночастицами серебра возможно в виде полимерных поршней для антимикробной очистки внутренней поверхности труб различного назначения. Композиция с наночастицами серебра или золота может найти применение в медицине в виде пленок в качестве перевязочных и лечебных материалов. The urgency of the discussed issue is caused by the increase interest of obtaining and using the polymer compositions with nanoparticles of silver and gold, possessing a number of specific properties for biomedicine researches like a material for tissues and cell engine ering, medicine substance with controlled secrete of drugs, in electronic and other fields of engineering. The paper demonstrates the possibility to get polymer composites based on polyvinyl alcohol with Na-carboxymethyl cellulose and natrium tetraborate and fillers in the form of sols of silver and gold nanoparticles. The main aim of the study is to obtain polymer compositions based on water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose adding natrium tetraborate and fillers in the form of sols silver and gold nanoparticles; to study their rheological and surface properties: dynamic viscosity, module elasticity and adhesion strength. The methods used in the study: viscosimetric study of polymer composites was carried out on rheoviscosimeter Rheotest-2; elasticity module was defined by the method of spherical indenter penetration; adhesion strength was studied by the method of metal ring perpendicular separation from polymer body surface. The author has determined the quantity of hydrogen bonds in polymer composites by Infra-Red spectral method on spectrometer Nicolet 5700. The results: It was shown for the first time that while forming polymer complex the dynamic viscosity and elasticity module increase and adhesion strength decreases in comparison with the initial polymers due to interdependent influence of the components in the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, natrium tetraborate and sols of silver and gold nanoparticles. The author carried out the comparative estimation of the properties of the polymer composites. The interaction of the polymer composition results in change of chemical composition and structure of polymers in comparison with the initial ones; their mixtures are water-insoluble. It is possible to use this composition with silver nanoparticles in the form of polymer pigs for antibacterial cleaning of inside surface of pipelines for different purposes. The polymer compositions with silver and gold nanoparticles can find application in medicine in the form of films for dressing and medical materials.
- Published
- 2014
48. Preparation of a new nanocolloid radiopharmaceutical based on aluminum oxide
- Subjects
наночастицы ,colloids ,оксид алюминия ,nanoparticles ,коллоиды ,технеций-99м ,technetium-99m ,радиофармпрепараты ,наноколлоиды ,radiopharmaceuticals - Abstract
Исследованы закономерности адсорбции 99mТс (VII) на активированном гамма-оксиде Al2O3. Показано, что сорбционная емкость оксида по радионуклиду зависит от его кислотной обработки. Проведены исследования процесса восстановления 99mТс (VII) до 99mТс (IV) в присутствии двухвалентного олова Sn (II) с целью определения необходимого и достаточного его количества, которое обеспечивало бы полную "восстанавливаемость" 99mТс в реакционной смеси. Проведено изучение процесса адсорбции восстановленного 99mТс на наноразмерном порошке гамма-оксида алюминия, и разработана методика получения наноколлоидов 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3. Проведены предварительные медико-биологические испытания препаратов 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3 на экспериментальных животных с целью определения функциональной пригодности для сцинтиграфической визуализации лимфатических узлов. The authors have studied the regularities of 99mТс (VII) adsorption on activated gamma-oxide Al2O3. The paper demonstrates that oxide radionuclide sorption capacity depends on its acid treatment. The reduction process of 99mТс (VII) to 99mТс (IV) with bivalent tin Sn (II) was studied to determine its required and sufficient amount which could maintain full 99mТс "reducibliness" in the reaction mixture. The adsorption of 99mТс reduced on nanosized powder of aluminum gamma-oxide was investigated; and the technique for preparing 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3 nanocolloids was developed. The authors carried out the preliminary biomedical tests of 99mТс (IV)-Al2O3 compounds in animals to determine functional ability to radionuclide imaging of lymph glands.
- Published
- 2013
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