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The paper presents the results of experimental and computational studies of fatigue resistance of full-scale samples of the pivot assembly and side wall rack sealing assembly of a gondola car of 12-4106-01 model. It is found that their operating life is determined by fatigue resistance of welded joints of structural elements of the assembly. Their fatigue strength is equal from 12.1 MPa (side wall rack sealing assembly) up to 33.6 MPa (pivot assembly). Sections of fatigue cracks initiation, regularities of their propagation and fatigue strength of structures were established. As shown by calculation of the car body stressed state, the fatigue strength values ensure operation for 34.1 and 57.0 years, for the pivot assembly and side wall rack sealing assembly, respectively, before appearance of the fatigue crack. 9 Ref., 2 Tabl., 8 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an impairment of the brain tissue resulting from a pre-, perinatal, or rarely postnatal disease or pathological conditions that has led to hypoxia and ischemia. In cases of a severe HIE, the metabolic active and well vascularised tissues, such as basal ganglia and thalamus, are impaired. The neuronal damage in these areas can be explained by glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, nitric oxide overproduction, that can cause necrosis and apoptosis in cases of neonatal asphyxia. The aim of the paper is to present three rare cases of cerebral palsy, symptomatic epilepsy and mental retardation in patients with bilateral thalamic lesions due to HIE. The children were diagnosed and treated in the Clinic of Child Neurology, UMHATNP “St. Naum”, Sofia. In patient with cerebral palsy, due to HIE, the neuroimaging study is of a great importance for determination of the etiology and pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the principles of creating a framework design framework in CAD Autodesk Inventor are discussed. The information model of the electric scooter frame is proposed, which consists of five levels. Based on the created information model, the technique and technology of building an electric scooter frame were developed. After comparing the steps of creating a computer parametric frame model. First, we create a skeleton-vectorparametric sketch of a spatial frame. Based on the sketch frame sketch created in the "Frame Design" environment, we model the main file of the three-dimensional parametric assembly. In this file, the framework of the frame and connection of components is profiled. An application for designing automation in the iLogic environment of Autodesk Inventor CAD is created, which uses the received parametric model of an electric scooter frame for three configurations. The developer is a user-friendly interface for managing the design of the frame. The analysis of the distributed load on the luggage part of the frame, the lateral load on the frame base and the load on the front part of the structure are carried out. Mechanical loads on the frame elements were carried out for three designs: passenger, cargo, and freight. Optimization of three variants of designs on elements and materials is carried out. The passenger version of the frame can be made of aluminum. The cargo and passenger variant of the frame must be made of steel structures with elements of retaining loads in the form of ribs of rigidity. The proposed subsystem, allowing you to control the time when security is required, the passenger and reliability for power loads. For the first time, an information model for the creation of the supporting structure of an electric catcher has been proposed. A further continuation is the automation of the creation of a complete design of an electric scooter and an analysis of its static and dynamic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key features of the concept of Industry 4.0 development at the enterprises of machinebuilding industry were singled out. The analysis of mathematical models on classes of typical tasks for use at the construction of smart enterprises in the machine-building industry were carried out. It was determined, that in the process of ensuring the innovative development of machinebuilding enterprises within the Industry 4.0 framework it is necessary to use mathematical models, appropriate to machine vision technologies, robotic equipment, automated and intelligent production and control systems within the framework of enterprises’ cyberphysical systems. Such cyberphysical systems should be connected to the outside world through sensors and actuators, receiving data streams from the physical world, establishing and continuously updating the virtual twin of the physical world and including the possibility of interaction in reality according to instructions from the virtual sphere. This will allow ensuring the possibility of joint work, adaptation and development of all enterprise’s systems to improve working conditions, product quality, reduce labour requirements and increase the efficiency of manufacturing process of machine- building enterprises. The introduction of the above classes of mathematical models within the framework of cyberphysical systems must be carried out according to innovations in machinebuilding enterprises, which will ensure the automation of manual labour, the renewal of the already used innovative technologies and their unification in a single information space. The resulted models demand adaptation and the further development according to those innovative decisions, which will define a management of specific machine-building enterprises, depending on the specificity of the enterprise. Recommendations were given to the heads of machine-building enterprises on the use of mathematical models in the process of introducing the concept of smart-enterprises in the Ukrainian machine-building industry. Prospective directions of research were outlined in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking supervision, which is important for the stability of the banking system and the effective organization of lending to business entities, is complicated and acquires new functions due to the fact that banking groups have begun to actively carry out cross-border activities. The current restructuring of the banking sector in the EU represents a fundamentally new stage of financial integration, which includes the delegation of authority and the granting of sovereign rights to national governments to achieve pan-European values. Individual EU member states have already taken their own steps to mitigate and overcome negative consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, most often related to the provision of government loans and government guarantees. In some cases, positive results were achieved, in particular, thanks to the measures, taken by the banking group itself (when the subsidiary bank is the key element for the group's survival), as well as the measures, taken by several countries (when the parent bank and its foreign subsidiary banks are of system importance for several countries). However, in general, the achieved results are still unsatisfactory, which raises the question of the need to strengthen the coordination of national and supranational policies in this area. To this end, the paper explores the dynamics of the role and instruments of banking supervision for coordinating national policies of the EU member states. The analysis shows that in a number of cases efforts, aimed at eliminating the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, have led to undesirable side effects for the economies of other countries. The measures, taken to save cross-border banks, underlie the new realities in the field of coordination of banking supervision policies. The results of the research showed, that the main goal of improving supervision coordination is to reduce the side effects of bank rehabilitation measures. A new culture of supervision is designed to reduce costs for taxpayers and the likelihood of a new crisis. It is expected, that now the banking system will better perform its functions to stimulate the development of new industry and ensure sustainable economic growth in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the formation and functional characteristics of hemostasis in children, as well as the effect of brain tumors on the hemostatic potential of blood. Shifts in coagulation hemostasis in children are physiological and, as a rule, do not have a significant effect on the hemostatic potential of the blood, but they can easily transform into coagulopathy. Decompensation develops more easily, the lower the child’s age, this is due both to the peculiarities of the hemostasis system itself and to the immaturity of the central regulatory mechanisms. And used in the treatment process glucocorticoids tend to reduce the levels of procoagulant factors. The main cause of coagulopathy is the entry into the bloodstream of plasminogen activator factors from tumor cells or tissue factors from the damaged brain parenchyma during surgery. The use of thromboelastography in monitoring the coagulation of pediatric neurosurgical patients helps to identify patients with an increased risk of bleeding or thromboembolic complications and effectively treat them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium pseudo-β alloys have high strength reaching 1200-1400 MPa in aged state as well as high fabricability in comparison with alloys with pseudo-α or (α+β) structure. Such advantages of pseudo-β-titanium alloys, typical representative of which is high-alloy VT19, make this class of titanium alloys perspective for application in new equipment and during modernization of existing one. The paper has studied the effect of mode of electron beam welding, modes of pre-heating and local heat treatment as well as furnace annealing on properties of welded joints of pseudo-β-titanium alloy VT19 produced by electron beam welding. Variation of rate of electron beam welding of alloy VT19 does not allow changing relation between α- and β-phases within the significant limits in weld metal and heat affected zone. Electron beam welding in combination with pre-heating allows regulating the relation between α- and β-phases in welded joint metal and reduce content of β-phase in weld metal of alloy VT19 from 91 to 53% as well as rise strength of welded joints from 876 to 937 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the chemical stability and inactivity of the polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride membranes are widely used in the processes of concentration, separation and fractionation of substances of different chemical nature. Because of the hydrophobic nature of the surface, these membranes are highly exposed to contamination, which significantly reduces their useful life. This paper is devoted to the development of a method of modifying the surface of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes with water-soluble polymers containing amino groups such as polyethyleneimine of branched structure and polyallylamine hydrochloride of linear one. The advantage and novelty of this method consist in the simplicity of modification (only one stage) and the usage of cheap non-aggressive reagents. Polymer grafted to the membrane surface was used as a linker for immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles fixed on polymeric linkers create oscillations in the boundary layer and cause additional turbulization when an external magnetic field is applied. Membranes modification with polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine hydrochloride is confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles onto the membrane surface is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Surface properties of modified membranes are studied using electrokinetic analysis. It has been shown that grafting of the branched linker increases zeta potential of the membrane surface in two times comparing with the linear one. The transport properties of magnetically active membranes were studied in the process of ultrafiltration of BSA solutions. The dependence of the volume flux through the membranes on the applied pressure at various concentrations of protein has been studied. It is shown that immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles on the membrane and their movement in the boundary layer under the influence of a magnetic field reduces the effect of concentration polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper cites literature data on methods of synthesis of α-thiocyanatocarbonyl compounds and methods of synthesis new bi-and multifunctional electrophilic reagents asmain and perspective building blocks for the construction of new heterocyclic systems.Also cited are data on systematic studies of synthesized polycentric electrophilic substrates in the reactions with various nucleophilic reagents of anionic and neutral nature leading to the construction of heterocyclic and macromolecular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is dedicated to some generalizations of the problem: B is a point on the segment AC, while X and Y are points in one and the same half-plane with respect to the side AC of the triangle ABC. When the triangles ABX and BCY are equilateral, prove or disprove the equality AY = CX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of the Bulgarian sub-team – a part of an international team of students. The team was created for the realization of the net research project “Encyclopedia of notable plane figures: we work by ourselves”. The investigation is carried out using the software products GeoGebra, Geometer’s Sketchpad and Maple. The method of the complex numbers is applied in the proofs. The organization of the net interaction is based on Google Cloud Service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results on the epicycloid of Kazakhstan students in the frames of the net research project “Encyclopedia of notable plane figures: we work by ourselves”. What are used in the investigation are analytical geometry methods and experiments by computer applying the software products GeoGebra and The Geometer’s Sketchpad. The Google Cloud Service is used in the organization of the interaction between the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes some properties of a notable point in a convex quadrilateral, which naturally generalize the incenter of the outscribed quadrilateral. What are considered are the connections of this point with a transformation in the plane of the quadrilateral and the connections with another notable point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The questions of the combined utilization of instruments of cadastral measurements are distinguished by its actuality because the real conditions of cadastral measurements require the combined use of different measuring instruments. Utilization of satellite images of high resolution is linked with such limitations as shadowiness, the presence of vegetation crones, non-possibility to distinguish the borders upon identical spectral characteristics. The major shortage of utilization of total stations is the necessity of the presence of direct optical visibility. Carrying out of combined cadastral measurements using GPS, total stations and satellite images of high resolution in some cases can lead to essential positive effect. In the paper method for assessment of effectiveness of carried out combined cadastral measurements of area, perimeter and position are suggested. Optimization in the suggested method is carried out in line with a linear programming procedure. In this case, the limitations imposed on the total error of used measuring instruments are also used for calculation of informativeness. The case of optimization of cadastral joint measurements using the pair total station- GeoEye satellite images is considered. The method for estimation of the effectiveness of joint combined optimum cadastral measurements is suggested. The task of optimization of measurements using the method of linear programming is solved. A solution of the above optimization task makes it possible to determine the optimum value of parameters of measurements number upon which the target function contained in the effectiveness criterion reaches its extremum. The equation for calculation of informativeness of carried out measurements is suggested. On the basis of obtained results, the methods for calculation of effectiveness of joint combined cadastral measurements is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the author's analysis is the issue of legal protection of pet animals. Through analysis of applicable provisions contained in the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia, on one hand, and the fundamental principles and provisions set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Pet animals, on the other hand, this paper attempts to point out the degree of legal protection that pet animals are awarded under domestic legal regulations, as well as to answer the question of compatibility of the national legislation with the international standards set out in the mentioned European Convention regarding the above mentioned question. In addition, since the legal protection of pet animals is also regulated by relevant by-laws in our law, the analysis of certain aspects of protection provided to pet animals, specifically the Decision of the city of Novi Sad on keeping of domesticated animals, the paper attempts to draw attention to compliance of the solutions adopted in this legal act, with the fundamental principles of protection, provided to pets by laws or the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia. Finally, in order to provide a more comprehensive insight in terms of achievement of the legal protection of pets in Serbian law, the paper analyzes the types of unlawful conduct of the owner or the holder of the animals, as well as their respective sanctioning prescribed in specific laws or bylaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses fiduciary agreements, which, as a form of contract, that is the means of securing obligation and legal claims, are regulated by provisions of specific laws and codifications in some of the European Union countries. Even the Montenegrin legislator enacted a special law governing these legal matters, however in the Serbian law fiduciary agreements fall into the category of innominate contracts. Fiducia originates in the Roman Law and constitutes the first common form of the pledge law. The Latin term fiducia means „trust“, since these legal matters were, first of all, based on the trust between contractual parties. This paper addresses the institution of „trust“ as it is the Anglo-Saxon counterpart of the fiduciary agreement. Etymologically, „trust“ has the same meaning as the term fiducia - trust. Due to their advantages, fiduciary agreements are not even uncommon in the domestic legal practice, while there are certain, as we have already announced, theoretical, but also practical concerns arguing admissibility of this legal matter. These arguments mainly come down to the thesis (mentioned above) that entering into the fiduciary agreement results in violation of the ban on performance of contract lex commissoria in the pledge law. Nevertheless, I provided explanation that differences between contracts of pledge and fiduciary agreements clearly point to the conclusion that fiduciary agreements may not be treated as a pledge, hence they are admissible, that is, they are concluded on the principle of contractual freedom as an imperative norm of the Law on Obligations. Fiduciary agreements (in relation to the realistic means of security) offer to the creditor a higher level of security, reduce the period of payment of his claims, also providing practical benefits for the debtor himself. The paper presents the reasons supporting the view that it would be advantageous for the Serbian legislator, in the process of harmonisation of the legislation in the field of Civil Law with the European Union law, to regulate the institute of fiduciary agreements under the special law, integrate it into the Law on Obligations or make it a part of the future Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction emphasizes that the paper deals with the analysis of the economic effects of the EU Directive on trade with pollution permits. The ideas of trading with pollution permits have their theoretical origins in the economic analysis of law. The second part provides an overview of the two main trading systems with pollution permits. In one system is limited the total mass of pollution that can be traded. This system is essentially a pure tradable permit system. The second system is based on trade with pollution reductions in the future. This section, also pointed out the existence of the possibility for manipulation with the market for pollution permits. There is also a review of basic forms of manipulation. The third part is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of various trading systems with pollution permits. Special attention is given to the impact of the opportunity cost on preferences by certain companies. In the fourth part the paper analyzes the Directive of the European Commission 2003/87 and 2009/29 on trade with pollution permits, and the expected results in the reduction of pollution for each of them. The fifth part of the paper predicting the behavior of companies within the EU as a result of the Directive 2003/87 and 2009/29. In the sixth and final section the paper concludes that: trade with pollution permits can be an effective instrument in the battle against environmental pollution. But unfortunately sometimes could produce unintended results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just as there isn't a generally accepted meaning of the term law, there still isn't a completely clear and defined meaning of the term autonomous law. There is a big interest for the autonomous law in practice and theory, sociology and law anthropology. Five main meanings are attributed to this term: autonomous law as a theoretic notion, a subsystem of law, source of law, law of work and autonomous identity law. When it comes to autonomous law as a theoretic notion it is closely linked with the idea of legal pluralism. This paper follows the development of the understanding of legal pluralism from Duguit, Ehrlich, Petrazycki, Gurvitch, through, Evan, Llewellyn, Hobel, to Vanderlinden and Jean-Guy Belley. The paper ends with 'a new legal pluralism' which has a tendency to become the only right school (legal orthodoxy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers taxes related to passenger cars and possibilities of their use in order to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper considers ecological potential of non-recurrent taxes in connection with the purchase and registration of passenger cars, periodically charged taxes on the use of passenger car and excises in the European union. At the end, the author presents legislation related to motor vehicles taxes in Serbia and analyzes their ecological functions, and points out the shortcomings of the existing legislative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issue of regulation of the right of natural and legal persons to environmental information, in relevant international legal documents. There is a survey of certain international conventions which envisage this right in their field of regulation. The right to access the information is in details regulated in the Aarhus Convention, which comprises significant part of this paper. This kind of regulation of the right to environmental information has performed a significant influence on states and international organizations, which created their domestic and international rules, using the solutions from this Convention. The European Union has enacted a significant number of directives on the right of a public to receive environmental information. The special emphasis will be on the work of the Aarhus Convention's Compliance Committee which has a significant role in supervising and deciding about the compliance with the application of the Convention in its member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was characteristic agrarian country. Agriculture was basic branch of the economy in all parts of the state. One of the most important issues in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was agrarian issue. Various and specific structure of land possession in different parts of the country and revolutionary mood in villages among the peasants, were the reasons which justified taking actions to organize and carry out agrarian reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The legal regulations were very important for proper execution of democratic land reform. The author explains the most important legal regulations that were passed in the course of the democratic land reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The administration which was responsible for organization and execution of democratic land reform in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is also briefly shown in the paper. The paper also presents how implementation of agrarian legislation and functioning of agrarian administration looked like in practice through an interesting case of medium-sized holding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal position of illegitimate children according to 19th century Montenegrin legislature is examined in this paper. Provisions on personal rights, property rights and rights of succession of illegitimate children are presented and critically analyzed. Children born out of wedlock were not equal to children born in lawful marriage. Therefore, significance of legalization of illegitimate children regarding improvement of their legal status is accentuated. As non-marital relationships were condemned in patriarchal Montenegrin 19th century society, illegitimate children were considered a product of sin and family disgrace. Hence, legislative attempts to protect their interests and improve their legal position are emphasized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers analysis of two issues. The first is the overview of the legal basis of international family law and it's sources under the Treaty of Lisbon on the Functioning of the European Union, and the second the case law of the European Court of Justice. Since 1999, when the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force, four regulations were adopted in matters of international family law as secondary sources of EU law, and three of them came into force. National courts of Member Staes are bound to apply directly three regulations, but so far only the interpretation of Brussels II bis Regulation has reached the European Court of Justice. Some of the judgments of the Court could be of interest for Serbian private international law. The reason is in the fact that the Court gave rulings on issues and concepts which are not defined in Serbian law, so they could influence the development and definitions of the those in the course of drawing up the new Act of Private International Law in Serbia. The paper reviews the Sundelind Lopez, the Hadady, the Case A. and the Mercredi judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the necessity of transferring of authority related to the development of industrial potential and innovation activity in the economy to regional and local selfgovernments is substantiated. Taking into account the commitment of Ukraine on the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union to develop cooperation on policies in the field of industry and business on the basis of internationally recognized principles and practices in these areas it is proposed to introduce the concept of regional strategy of smart specialisation to the practice of elaboration and implementation of industrial policy in the regions of Ukraine. This concept is actively promoted for modern industrial and regional policies by the European Commission and used by many OECD countries. A key element of such strategies is an “entrepreneurial process of discovery” in the definition of strategic priorities and therefore essential to successful design of policy of regional industry innovation based development. This process utilizes entrepreneurial knowledge existing in a region or country and takes an entrepreneurial approach in the sense of focusing on market opportunities, differentiates from others, takes (and manages) risks and seeks for alliances to optimise the access to and use of resources (physical, financial, intellectual, market knowledge, etc.). This means that policy makers should involve all types of innovation actors (e.g. businesses, technology and competence centres, universities and public agencies, science and business parks, business associations and venture capitalists, NGOs, etc.) in an entrepreneurial process for the design of smart specialization strategies and assess their proposals for future development and investment. There is brief description of six steps of a smart specialization strategy elaborating in the paper. In conjunction with the application of the concept of smart specialisation in Ukraine it is also proposed to actively develop the clustering policy including such measures as promoting the formation and functioning of innovative industrial clusters. It is concluded that such industrial policy would mainly have horizontal nature with elements of sectoral interventions in cases of policy measures aimed at promoting innovation activities in specific clusters and sectors of the regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper objective is generalization of the effects of agro-industrial entities' activity in Ukraine and outlining the main trends of their regulation by the state, with the aim of enjoying integration processes advantages. The topic expediency is stipulated by the need for finding new approaches to the state regulation of agro-holding growth caused by ambiguity of public perception of their operation and their impact on the development of the agricultural sector as a whole. The paper substantiates a necessity for strengthening the regulating influence of the state on development of large corporate structures of the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy. The positive and negative aftermath of agro-holding operation has been identified; the main determinants of their activity regulation by the state have been specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the flat compartments as modules of the models of tool surfaces for machine-building and other purpose in industries with the shape-generating technologies has been considered. The main purpose of the study is allocation and systematization the basic typical elementary flat compartments of tool surfaces, the use of which by means of the operator of parallel transport allows to reproduce virtually any of them. The application of the theory of multi-parameter affine mappings of the space and some of the results of our research in the direction of its applied unification have been discussed in this paper. A systematic morphological selection of elementary flat compartments of tool surfaces formed by the action of the operator of parallel transport, the results of which are visualized and mathematically described, was made in this paper. The methodical example of the practical application of development is being shown. The presented complex of geometric modules and their mathematical descriptions is being offered for a diversified use in computer-aided design to development with tool component, service-oriented to shape-generating machine-building and other technologies. The proposed system of flat compartments formed by the action of the operator of parallel transport allows to perform modeling of tool production objects of any complexity, from a flat in planning application to a complex profile shape-generating edge in manufacture of turbine blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a short review of combinatorial methods presented in the primary publications. Preconditions are listed for the need to improve conditions of the mathematical tool of solving problems of integer linear programming. A one-way branching algorithm is the main development is for solving problems of linear programming with Boolean variables. The paper presents turn-based structure of the algorithm, was solved a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper establishes the fungicidal activity of water extracts of Artemisia maritima L., Artemisia austriaca Jacq., under the concentration of 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml on dry matter with regard to the phytopathogenic mushroom Fusarium oxysporum. It also shows the fungistatic influence of extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. under concentration 25 and 50 mg/ml, fungicidal - under 100 mg/ml. Concerning Artemisia abrotanum L., the slow growth of mushroom is observed under the concentration 25 mg/ml, fungicidal effect - under 50 and 100 mg/ml. The paper provides the information on the component composition of ethereal oil and phenolic compounds of Artemisia maritima, Artemisia austriaca, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia dracunculus, cultivated in Zhytomyr Polissya. The chief ingredients of ethereal oil which is synthesized by the plant of Artemisia abrotanum are 1,8-cineole (30.44%) and camphor (31.92%). A high 1,8-cineole and camphor content determines antimicrobial properties of the plants. Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw Artemisia abrotanum is 2.98 per cent. By the method of highly efficient solution chromatography (HESChr) in the grass of Artemisia abrotanum we have detected 23 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside as well as caffeic, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids. The main compounds of ethereal oil of Artemisia austriaca are trans-verbenole (30,77 %), pinocarvone (10,77 %) and sabinilacetate (18,16 %). In the grass of Artemisia austriaca we have detected 31 phenolic compounds, of which we identified such flavonoids as rutin, apigenin, quercetin-bioside and the following acids: caffeic, chlorogenic, and isochlorogenic. Amount of phenolic compounds in the air-dry raw Austrian wormwood is 27,25 mg / g (2.73 %). The main component of ethereal oil of Artemisia dracunculus is methyleugenol (94.65 %). We have discovered 31 phenolic compounds in the grass of linear-leaved wormwood, from which four substances such as rutin, luteolin-7-glycoside, apigenin-7-glycoside and isochlorogenic acid have been identified. The dominant compounds of ethereal oil of Artemisia maritima are a-thujone (41.59 %) and camphor (23.56 %). Obviously, the fungicidal properties of plants are conditioned by the quantitative and qualitative content of biologically active substances - ethereal oils, fenolic compounds and other matters. The paper draws attention to the prospects of the further more detailed study of extracts of aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia with the aim of producing antibacterial and antifungal herbal preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers necessity of raising ethical standards in the Ukrainian banking industry. In the context of the world community analyzing the consequences of deep financial crisis, time has come to reconsider the market paradigm in terms of morale and responsibility for its economic activity. The article analyses current state of Ukrainian banking sphere in terms of improving ethic standards of banking business. Main violations of business ethics on the part of banking institutions, bank depositors and loaners are identified. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of objective and mental factors of low economic culture of Ukrainian population. The authors define main directions of improving ethic standards of banking business as well as development of new forms of commercial banks, which raise confidence in financial system. The government's role in implementing higher ethical standards into banking business and raising financial and ethical awareness of population is also under study. It is assumed that the complex of measures of perfecting banking sphere presented in the paper would facilitate effective combination of market principles of doing business and the demand for morale and social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the basic information about the overal results, significance, international programme committee and working areas of the 6th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies, OTEH 2014, in comparison with previous five conferences. The number of sections, number of papers, number of authors/coauthors, number of sessions and number of members of the scientific commitee are presented in the review. This year conference is the best regarding the number of papers and the number of authors/coauthors since this conference got its international character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes and approves the scientific and methodical approach that allows evaluating and predicting the volume of the shadow economy in the regions of Ukraine in the medium term. Complex economic and mathematical models of the shadow economy at the regional level, depending on the major factors of Doing Business, which determine its size, put in its basis. This allows justifying policies to reduce the volume of the shadow economy and improve the institutional environment. The following assumptions are the basis of the proposed methodology for assessing the size of the shadow economy in the region. The size of the formal economy of the country is the sum of the formal economy of its regions, and the shadow economy of the country is the amount of shadow economies of the regions (quantitative proof of this hypothesis is given in the paper). It is assumed that each branch has technical and technological, and institutional features that significantly influence potential and actual amount of the shadow economy. Psychological behavior of the population in different regions of the country has less impact on the "shadow" economy than on industry-specific. Thus, the size of the shadow economy in Ukraine's regions is defined by their economic structure, as well as system-wide factors that affect the behavior of economic agents (the reliability of institutions that protect property rights, investors rights, enforcement of contracts, the level of the tax burden, and others). The feature of the proposed approach is that it has developed scientific and methodological basis for the formation of primary information technology transformation from open sources on the functioning of the economy of Ukraine in the field and knowledge of the appropriate volume of the shadow economy. The main stages of this transformation are as follows: collection, processing, analysis and storage of raw data, formation of complex econometric models and their parameterization, performance of computational experiments, and interpretation of the results. The practical implementation of the proposed approach has been carried out on the empirical data of the Donetsk region. Software implementation of scientific and methodological approach has been carried out using Anylogic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to familiarize veterinarians with a farm animals welfare assessment methodology which is applied in the European Union. Animal welfare assessment methodology presented in this paper refers to dairy cows, beef cattle, sows with piglets, fattening pigs, laying hens and broilers. The welfare of domestic animals on farms is assessed on the basis of direct and indirect indicators. Indirect indicators of welfare relate to the quality of accommodation facilities and equipment (resource indicators) and the quality of the business (management indicators). Direct indicators of welfare relate to the animal itself, its body condition, health condition, including the absence of injury, illness, pain, fear, its behavior and emotional status. Direct welfare indicators reveal whether the animal is properly fed and watered, whether it provided with adequate housing conditions, whether it is healthy, how it behaves with respect to equipment and supplies, other animals, people, and how farmers relate to animals (human/animal relationship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the main components and outline ways in the activities of the teacher of modern information and communication technologies. Methods. In connection with the above and given the specificity of the institution fire- technical user focus in the article is given methodological principles of research, testing and implementation of the main forms of distance learning techniques and computerization of teachers in preparing and conducting classes. Results. The main results in the specified direction associated with the purposeful use of common tasks step by step, with the creation of algorithms for common tasks, representatives and generating a plurality of options to improve the objectivity of knowledge and control of the ability to use automated software verification results, and a superior online using a means of distance learning via the Internet. Scientific novelty. Some results obtained in the paper is evidence of scientific innovation approaches associated with it methods computerization of the teacher. The practical significance. The practical significance due to the definition of the main components of distance learning and online primary measures of implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the issue related to the improvement of the existing methods of calculating a tool for external magnetic-pulse straightening of auto body parts. The purpose of the research is to calculate the field density ratio, excited in two-frequency induction systems, i.e. tools for external magnetic-pulse straightening of dents in auto body metal coatings. The calculated ratios for the field density, excited in two-frequency induction systems, i.e. the tools for external magnetic-pulse straightening of dents in auto body metal coatings are obtained in the paper. This allows solving the problems related to the space-time distribution of the resulting magnetic field strength in sheet metal dents, i.e. improving induction system efficiency that is the main direction in designing special devices. The research results can be used by scientists and teachers, postgraduate students, students of educational institutions and experts in transport enterprises for improving production efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the popularity of the term «innovation» in scientific researches of the XXI century there is no definition that would display the main properties of this category. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the essence of the notion of «innovation». The paper is devoted to the investigation of the main approaches to the notion of «innovation» consideration. The defining characteristics of this category were analyzed; the conditions of the transformation of a novelty into innovation were identified. The criteria of classification of the types of innovation, their peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages were determined. As a conclusion we give some recommendations for classification of innovation improvement and specify the category «innovative activity». We revealed that the views of scientists on the category of «innovation» are significantly different that can be explained by the specific of use of innovation, the particularity of the approach to the subject and object of research. We analyze the main features of the category and according to them specify the notion of «innovation» which can facilitate its scientific interpretation and practical using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article analyses the research papers devoted to changes in industrial workers'states of Ukraine during 1905-1914. Current understanding of the basic principles of historiographical studies stipulates a manysided approach to the studied problem. The analysis and generalization of extensive sweep of historical papers belonged to the historians of several generations outstand as an essential component. The presented article is devoted to presentation of the social and economic, political, ethnic changes in the environment of industrial workers of Ukraine in 1907-1914 in the papers of pre-revolutionary, Soviet andmodern historians. It is no coincidence that the workers of Ukraine came into view of the researchers- a change-over to capitalistic business model took place in consequence of economic growth and due to industrial advance of separate regions of Russian Empire in which there are two new classes: owners of enterprises - bourgeoisie and wage and salary workers - proletariat. A problem of the growth of a number of industrial workers in Ukraine in the period after revolution 1905-1907 in the terms of evolution of value judgments of this issue in the environment of historian was considered in the pages of the research. That fact that the overwhelming majority of industrial workers definitively severed ties with land and semi- agricultural sector was not remained out of view of the researchers. In the vast majority of papers there was traced the unified tendency- in estimating of the socio-economic state of industrial workers a salary level and unemployment index are considered. It should be emphasized that historians of the Soviet time pointed up the enterprises' drive against demonstration of labour solidarity, strike movements and trades unions. In contradistinction to them the modern researchers draw attention not to repressive-punitive measures of the government and enterprises but to democratic ways of search of understanding between two social classes. The foreign researchers do not leave aside the problems of the research of formation and development of industrial workers in the industrial regions of Russian Empire. They pointed out that progressive transformations were executed not through the capitalists' excessive jealousy for the state of wage workers and in the first instance for the purpose of increase in incomes by the intensive method of economy management. Consequently the following stages of research of changes in working environment in Ukraine during 1907-1914 can be distinguished in the following way - pre-revolutionary authors concerned themselves with accumulation of statistical data, reminiscences of parties involved in the events, descriptive materials which just stated the facts; the historians of the Soviet period gradually deviate from accumulation of information to its research, analysis, systematization and fusion that was most pronounced in the 70th -80th of the XX for a period of creation of collective papers; modern researchers basing on best practice of their predecessors consider transformation in the working environment in new perspective without ideological overrun of the Soviet period. At present there is necessity of creation of generalising historiographical papers the task of which consisted in systematization and generalization of the best practice of several generations of historians on the problem of industrial workers' state in Ukraine during 1907-1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a multivariate analysis of the involvement of post-Soviet republics in UN and NATO peacekeeping operations, the author explores the integration of New Independent States into UN and NATO international organizations. Chronology of some peace-support and peace-enforcement operations is given. Of special focus is participation of special units of armed forces in such operations. Logical sequence of intrastate agreement on engagement of the military of independent Ukraine in international operations under the mandate of the United Nations Security Council is traced.A respective decision-making process of the Lithuanian Parliament is examined for comparison purposes. Specific laws of Ukraine, which regulate such decisions, are indicated. The author offers concrete examples and describes the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in implementation of the UN peace-support mission. The paper cites Russian legislation governing cooperation with the UN and NATO in peacekeeping operations. By the example of formation of interstate military units between Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania ('Ukrpolitbat'), the Baltic Republics (the 'Baltic Battalion') and Central Asian Republics ('Kazbat'), the author shows the initiative of post-Communismrepublics in preservation of peace and stability in the world. Specific examples of involvement of the armed units of such post-Soviet republics as Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kirgizia in UN international operations are given. The paper describes the operations in Kosovo (1999), the Mediterranean Sea (2001), Turkey (2003), Iraq (2004), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-2004) as well as Sudan (2005). Attention is drawn to reorientation of the NATO from the collective defence strategy to that of common security and execution of mostly international operations with domination of police functions, technical assistance in the postwar period and coping with technogenic catastrophes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we review the question of training of engineers based on logistics approach. We propose to consider an educational process from three positions of its impact on collective selforganization. It is shown that the inclusion of these mechanisms gives us the expected synergistic effect from the learning process. We propose the CASE-model of the educational process, including structural elements of educational system. The model is aimed at balanced combination of interests of administration, teachers and students. The concept of logistics approach to the educational process, considered in this paper allows for a new quality of the education system for achieving greater synergy in the collective self-organization. The proposed structuring of the educational process enables systematized approach to rethinking the educational process in terms of the mission of the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of investigations of the strength of coatings of low-hydrogen electrodes, baked at 200, 300 and 400 °C, depending on the composition of liquid Li, Na and K-glasses, as well as their binary mixtures. Investigation results were interpreted from the viewpoint of evolution of silicon-oxygen structure of liquid glasses under the conditions of changing kind and ratio of cations-modifiers, as well as the level of water content, related to the parameters of electrode heat treatment. Diagnostics of structural-functional self-organization of silicon-oxygen anions (SOA) in the liquid glass composition was performed with application of the data of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR29SI spectrum was used. The generalized results were considered in terms of dominance of polycondensation mechanism. A correlation was established between the values of coating strength and ratio of bridge Q4, Q3, Q2 and non-bridge Q1 connectivities in SOA structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main difficulty, appearing in solution of the problem of automatic «tracking» of a welded joint line in tandem arc welding, is related with measurement of side deviations from this line of each of electrodes located close to each other in process of welding. Besides, together with side correction of movement of the electrodes, deviating from the welded joint line, there is a need in angular correction of a torch. It would provide “parallelism” between welded joint line and line joining the electrodes. A new solution was proposed to solve the indicated problem based on application of electric-arc methods of measurements and application of recurrent procedures of linear and angular correction of welding torch movement. The results of computer modelling are given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of metallographic investigation of metal at test surfacing of 110G13L steel samples with high- chromium cast iron shot in current-supplying mould. Possibility of producing sound bimetal joints and features of formation of metal fusion zone at minimum and maximum penetration of base metal are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the possibility of improving the performance of oil storage tanks with V = 50-120 thous. m3 through application of normalized sheet steel 09G2SYuch-U390 and 09KhG2SYUCH-U440 for design rings of tank wall. A relationship between the length of through-thickness fatigue crack in the butt welded joint of the studied steel and number of tank loading cycles was derived experimentally under the conditions of plane deformation at the initial stage of through thickness- crack propagation. Based on the obtained relationship, it was established that after formation of a through-thickness crack in the welded joint of the wall and appearance of oil leakage, there is sufficient time and conditions for its visual detection and taking measures for elimination of the detected defect. The possibility of application of this method to detect the through-thickness crack is proof of the fact that tanks with design rings from the studied steel satisfy the leak-before-creak criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with legal regulations on protection of old and rare written materials during wars. Work in this area has been intensified since the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. The international conventions issued in The Hague in 1899 and 1907, as part of the international law of war, are the first documents citing cultural property as a subject of protection from warfare. Great devastation in wars around the world, destruction and theft of cultural goods in the First, and then in the Second World War, have influenced the serious approach to the international protection of cultural property. Since then, several international conferences have been held and a number of regulations, declarations and conventions have been adopted in the world and in Europe, as well as in Serbia, in order to protect the old and rare books and the cultural heritage as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with publications accessible to visually impaired persons, with special reference to electronic editions. People with visual impairments use electronic publications with the help of computers equipped with voice-based screen reader and text to speech software, allowing users to educate themselves, read, search electronic catalogues and work without obstacles. The text is based primarily on the practical experience of librarians and visually impaired users. Access to information is guaranteed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as domestic legislation. Thus, in addition to specialized libraries for these groups of users, there are some libraries that have established sections or departments to provide library services for visually impaired persons. Although it is certain that, with the emergence of information technologies, much has been done in the field of providing people with visual impairments with unhindered access to information, it is still necessary to harmonize legal regulations, libraries and publishers, in order to create more favorable climate for the development of approachable libraries and completely available publications for this category of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the history and work of the National Library of Russia, which has been one of the most important cultural institutions for more than two hundred years of its existence, in various socio-political circumstances from the period of the Empire to the modern age. Although the national character of the Library was defined immediately after its establishment, since the end of the 19th century its work has been based on the preservation of not only the most important monuments of Russian history and culture, but also the heritage of the world. The Library collections are presented through a description of the most significant works from different parts of the world. As for Serbian culture, some of the oldest preserved copies of Serbian medieval manuscripts (Vukan's Gospel, Miroslav's Gospel and Radoslav's gospel) are of particular value. Literature on The National Library of Russia is extensive and enables reconstruction of its own history as well as the history of other cultural institutions on the territory of Russia. Besides, it is possible to gain insight into the work of prominent figures in the field of culture and science, who have expanded their knowledge and contributed to the development of the state while working within The National Library of Russia. The work also briefly presents the development of other types of libraries in Russia, established mainly in the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research conducted at the University of Belgrade in 2017, with the aim of determining the level of information literacy of professors and associates, by examining their ability to manage research data. Data on the habits of researchers (professors, associates, PhD students, librarians) were collected in the identical online survey (Data Literacy and Research Data Management Research) in the academic environments of a number of European countries concurrently, in order to allow a comparative overview of the issues. A total of 692 questionnaires were sent. They were addressed to 367 male and 325 female recipients. The researchers (85 of them), mostly professors and mostly women, replied online to 24 questions: 5 containing "demographic information" and 20 concerning "awareness of data management issues". The reported results provide only an overview of the expressed attitudes. They could be further interpreted e.g. with regard to the scientific fields to which the researchers belong, or to their titles, i.e. years of the scientific work. However, a relatively small sample of respondents made the surveyors abandon such an analysis on this occasion. The research results confirm the initial assumption of surveyors that the researchers at the University of Belgrade need additional training in the field of work with research data. Although informed of the subject, they still have not demonstrated the essential understanding of certain concepts in the field of general availability of publications and open science. In relation to the umbrella institution, the "loneliness" of the researchers and the poor "visibility" of the University, along with the lack of institutional infrastructure (policies, services, resources, repositories, procedures), were implicitly manifested. In the broadest sense, the change in the organizational culture of the University has proved to be a necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ways of displaying disappointment in the Russian language in order to show how the analyzed emotional concept varies in relation to the main values in some typical disappointment-situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper substantiated that under the conditions of the digital revolution, which makes it difficult to perform tax control over income flows and expenses of enterprises, especially over cross-border ones, it is time to look for better alternatives to the taxation of enterprise’s profits. It is shown that not only a reduction in the corporate income tax rate and the provision of various preferences for investment and innovation activities, but also a radical change in approaches to taxation of corporate income, such as the transition to distributed profit tax or destination- based business cash flow tax can act as instruments of competition. The foreign experience of applying the distributed profit tax on the example of Estonia, Macedonia, Georgia and Latvia has been studied. It is justified, that the introduction of distributed profit tax instead of corporate income tax did not become such a factor that negatively affected economic events in the analyzed countries. Moreover, there is a reason to believe, that such «castling » contributed to the improvement of the situation, at least in one of the countries (Estonia). The analysis of the destination-based business cash flow tax as an alternative to the corporate income tax and the distributed profit tax were made. Differences between these types of taxes are demonstrated, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. It is shown, that the discussion of destination-based business cash flow tax indicates that alternative approaches to profit taxation are in the agenda in the countries of the world. This is also confirmed by modern studies, based on economic and mathematical modeling of situations, in which the corporate income tax rate is significantly reduced or the tax is completely eliminated. It is proved, that, based on the analysis of theory, international experience and the current situation in Ukraine, the introduction of a withdrawn capital tax will be the best alternative to the existing corporate income tax, which currently does not fulfill a stimulating function, but promotes corruption and evasion from payment to the budget. The results of calculations of possible budget losses from the replacement of the corporate income tax by the withdrawn capital tax are demonstrated. Possible measures to compensate such losses in the first years of the new tax introduction have been formulated. The necessity of continuing and deepening the analysis of the experience of countries, that have already switched to the collection of the distributed profit tax, as well as assessing the impact of introducing a withdrawn capital tax on attracting external and domestic capital investments using methods of economic and mathematical modeling, is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]