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Introduction. Hanoi is the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Hanoi grows according to the following pattern: its central district has several satellites (5 cities) that are accessible by transport systems such as railways, motorways, waterways, etc. Air quality gets worse due to the growing number of urban residents, their personal vehicles, industrial development and other sources of emissions, and each of these factors has a great impact on human health and the state of the environment. Materials and methods. This study uses PM2.5 data generated by two automatic air monitoring stations located in the northern centre for environmental monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency of Vietnam and the US Embassy in Vietnam. Methods of statistical assessment and analysis were applied to evaluate the difference in PM2.5 dust concentration at different stages of urban development. Results. The problem of PM2.5 pollution in Vietnam is particularly relevant, because it threatens public health. In residential areas located in urban neighborhoods notorious for heavy traffic and industrial enterprises, pollution levels still exceed admissible QCVN limits. On the contrary, air pollution is lower in suburban residential areas. Conclusions. The paper discusses the consequences of environmental pollution, caused by PM2.5 fine dust as a result of urbanization in Hanoi, and analyses urban planning solutions aimed at pollution reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the author's analysis is the issue of legal protection of pet animals. Through analysis of applicable provisions contained in the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia, on one hand, and the fundamental principles and provisions set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Pet animals, on the other hand, this paper attempts to point out the degree of legal protection that pet animals are awarded under domestic legal regulations, as well as to answer the question of compatibility of the national legislation with the international standards set out in the mentioned European Convention regarding the above mentioned question. In addition, since the legal protection of pet animals is also regulated by relevant by-laws in our law, the analysis of certain aspects of protection provided to pet animals, specifically the Decision of the city of Novi Sad on keeping of domesticated animals, the paper attempts to draw attention to compliance of the solutions adopted in this legal act, with the fundamental principles of protection, provided to pets by laws or the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia. Finally, in order to provide a more comprehensive insight in terms of achievement of the legal protection of pets in Serbian law, the paper analyzes the types of unlawful conduct of the owner or the holder of the animals, as well as their respective sanctioning prescribed in specific laws or bylaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers taxes related to passenger cars and possibilities of their use in order to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper considers ecological potential of non-recurrent taxes in connection with the purchase and registration of passenger cars, periodically charged taxes on the use of passenger car and excises in the European union. At the end, the author presents legislation related to motor vehicles taxes in Serbia and analyzes their ecological functions, and points out the shortcomings of the existing legislative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on the statement that the adequate legal definition of waste is one of the key prerequisites of successful implementation of regulations on environmental protection. By analysing EU, German and Serbian regulations, the author comes to the conclusion that for the concept of waste several elements of the objective and subjective character are necessary. It is necessary to objectively determine waste as chattel. However, in order for a thing to become waste, it is necessary for its possessor (who may not necessarily be the owner) to disclaim it, want to disclaim it or be required to disclaim it. Therefore, in the conclusion of the analysis waste is legally defined as any chattel its possessor disclaims, wants to disclaim or is required to disclaim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject that is studied in this paper is a complex issue of legal relations, namely interaction between the multilateral trade system of international trade within the WTO and the system of international multilateral agreements in the field of environmental protection. The status of environmental protection in the WTO shows the enhancing trend thanks to raising of awareness on seriousness of the global ecological crisis. Despite of that, it is still unsatisfactory, in particular in the sphere of treatment and legal significance of multilateral agreements in the field of environmental protection in the WTO. In compliance with the expressed needs, instead of declarative approach, it is necessary to enhance their formal-legal status and create a new global normative architecture of these relations. Due to these reasons, we advocate a long-term system solution, which implies changes in the WTO law, in particular in the segment of GATT via including international ecological agreements in its set of exemptions, with an appropriate use of transitional solutions. This is the only possible way to establish a stable and predictable system of coherence between these two spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the landlord to victim, nature and our environment have gone the long way. It is destructed by the man, the only one that become from her. Deep ecology is a kind of philosophical theory , which would like to lead us to protect and respect our environment again, as we did it before. While trying to reconcile disfunctional parts of our lives and our indstialized present, deep ecology tried to resolve some rather important ecological issues. Although it is said that deep ecology is a kind of general and not so successful ecological philosophy, that it is quiet misanthropic, almost terroristic, this theory has been populated thru decades, especially in USA and scandinavian countries. We think that it is important to know where are its „rights“ and „wrongs“, so that we can make our future better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Serbia has built an extensive and comprehensive system of inspection control in the field of environmental protection. Through the specialization on various environmental issues in different areas of social life it is provided the comprahensiveness of inspection control, and through the establishing a wide network of environmental inspection services, it is created a fundamental prerequisite for the good functioning of the inspection in the field of environmental protection. The current organization of inspection services, however, represents only the initial legal basis, which should be further improved, for the possibility of effective exercise of the inspection in this area of ??social life. First of all, it should be made a detailed codification of legal rules on inspection control, by adoption a general law on inspection control, and then pass a special law on inspection control in the field of environmental protection, by which it would be introduced all standards set by Recommendation of the European Parliament and the Council of 4 April 2001 providing for minimum criteria for environmental inspections in the Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Serbian Law and in the most of jurisdictions, there are limits on excercising the right of property. A real estate owner must refrain from activities by which the use of other real estate is being impoded through the emission of exessive gasses, vapors, smoke, heat, noise, the draining of waste water, etc. Neighboring real estate ownwrs must endure such harmful effects if they do not exceed the limit of usual endurance, taking into account the nature and purpose of such real estate, as well as local conditions. The property owner who is affected by emissions exceeding the set limit, has the right to request a stop of emissions which exceeded the allowed volume of emissions. If the emisions originate from some industrial plants, within the activity allowed by a state autority, one cannot request a cessation of such activities, but can simply seek damages. The issue of the invironmental protection in the Republic of Serbia is regulated by a number of particular substantive laws, with a Law of environmental protection of 2009. as fundamental Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]