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The aim of this article is to analyze China's environmental policy in the Arctic region. The interests of the PRC are studied, they are divided into three groups: economic, geopolitical, and environmental. It is emphasized that economic interests disguised as environmental ones prevail among them. The primary source is the White Paper "China's Arctic Policy" - the first Chinese document on Arctic policy issued by the State Council Information Office in January 2018. The document provides a brief description of the region, establishes the goals and principles of China's Arctic policy, and lists the main areas of activity. The article pays special attention to the provisions of the White Paper which are devoted to environmental policy and environmental protection. In addition, the activity of the authorities empowered to conduct environmental policy in the Arctic is characterized. The environmental activities in the Arctic territories are analyzed. It is noted that they mainly include expeditions to study changing climatic conditions and environmental monitoring, as well as the establishment of scientific centers specializing in Arctic research. The author comes to the conclusion that China's environmental policy in theArctic is currently reduced to a research component. The White Paper, which defines the goals, objectives, principles and directions of the PRC's activities, is mainly declarative, but its adoption indicates activation of the Arctic vector in Chinese foreign policy and long-term plans for this region.

The objective of this paper is to propose effective methods to implement sustainable development principles among young people, both in schools and universities. The authors of this article recognize the significant potential among young individuals whose actions and choices have a substantial impact on the environment. By analyzing the knowledge and behaviors of young people towards sustainable development and environmental protection, based on surveys conducted among pupils and students from the south-eastern region of Poland, this paper identifies gaps that require improvement and proposes actions aimed at raising pro-ecological awareness among the youth. The analysis revealed that only 25% of the respondents have heard about the “Agenda for Sustainable Development – 2030”, 20% were familiar with the goals of sustainable development, and few have participated in initiatives for sustainable development. However, 58% of respondents claimed to engage in activities for environmental protection in their daily lives. The article also presents the degree of compliance with the assumptions of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on both global and local scales. Furthermore, the paper analyzes two aspects of students’ awareness of sustainable development: their knowledge of goals and documents, and their pro-ecological behavior in daily life. Based on the findings, this paper proposes ways to introduce sustainable development principles in selected areas of school and university functioning to enhance ecological awareness and shape pro-ecological attitudes among young people. Concrete actions to facilitate implementation are also suggested.

The subject of the author's analysis is the issue of legal protection of pet animals. Through analysis of applicable provisions contained in the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia, on one hand, and the fundamental principles and provisions set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Pet animals, on the other hand, this paper attempts to point out the degree of legal protection that pet animals are awarded under domestic legal regulations, as well as to answer the question of compatibility of the national legislation with the international standards set out in the mentioned European Convention regarding the above mentioned question. In addition, since the legal protection of pet animals is also regulated by relevant by-laws in our law, the analysis of certain aspects of protection provided to pet animals, specifically the Decision of the city of Novi Sad on keeping of domesticated animals, the paper attempts to draw attention to compliance of the solutions adopted in this legal act, with the fundamental principles of protection, provided to pets by laws or the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia. Finally, in order to provide a more comprehensive insight in terms of achievement of the legal protection of pets in Serbian law, the paper analyzes the types of unlawful conduct of the owner or the holder of the animals, as well as their respective sanctioning prescribed in specific laws or bylaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers taxes related to passenger cars and possibilities of their use in order to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper considers ecological potential of non-recurrent taxes in connection with the purchase and registration of passenger cars, periodically charged taxes on the use of passenger car and excises in the European union. At the end, the author presents legislation related to motor vehicles taxes in Serbia and analyzes their ecological functions, and points out the shortcomings of the existing legislative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific interest in the topic of hunting and game husbandry is due to the fact that the problems of rational nature management are coming to the fore – it concerns not only land relations, development of minerals and exploitation of forests, but also procurement of hunting resources combined with the protection of wildlife. The latter most clearly shows the problems of greening the modern economic activity and the traditional Northern economy associated with the use of the “gifts of nature”. The paper highlights methodological principles of economic evaluation of wildlife and the analysis of Northern (domestic and foreign) experience of their taxation; we propose a scheme for transition from the disparate approaches to the taxation of this activity (resource, permission, compensation, etc.) to an integrated environmental-economic approach. In addition to the existing norms, this approach includes imposing excise duties on the production of weapons, ammunition and equipment; establishing a targeted environmental fee on the use of subsoil; imposing fines for unlimited or excessive withdrawal of wildlife objects; establishing funds for the protection of wild animals and birds in the system of local budgets. A new approach harmonizes the interests of the state (RF subjects and local government bodies), local population of the Northern territories, nature users (including hunters), subsoil users, and manufacturers of weapons and equipment. We determine the source of formation of tax revenues of local budgets; this measure makes it possible to finance environmental protection measures, reproduction of wild animals and birds, creation of infrastructure in remote Northern territories. The paper proves the necessity of introducing innovative methods for state monitoring of wildlife and correct distribution of functions of federal, regional and local authorities in its reproduction

The aim of the paper is to present the ways in which the attitudes of science, technology and society towards nature and the place of mankind in it have been reflected in the Science and Social Studies curricula from the mid-20th century up to this day. We wanted to explore the manner in which the relationship between mankind and nature (man as a master of nature or a part of it) and our role in its preservation (instrumental reasons or intrinsic value of nature) were presented in the Science and Social Studies curricula over a longer period of time. Content analysis method was implemented in our research. According to the analysis, the timeline of the Science and Social Studies curricula goes from marked anthropocentrism and anatagonism between man and nature (the 50s and 60s of the 20th century), through moderate anthropocentrism with hints of ecocentrism (from the 70s up to the end of the 20th century), to the dominant ecocentrism (in the contemporary 21st century curricula). This process was slow and often out of sync with the development of scientific thought and social circumstances caused by the global environmental crisis. On the other hand, although environmental protection has been included in the analysed curricula, the reasons for its inclusion are either vague or of instrumental nature. Environmental protection arising from intrinsic values of natural entities, and not (only) serving human interests, has not found its place in the Science and Social Studies curricula yet. The opportunities for improvement of the curricula in this context have been problematised in this paper.

Introduction. Hanoi is the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Hanoi grows according to the following pattern: its central district has several satellites (5 cities) that are accessible by transport systems such as railways, motorways, waterways, etc. Air quality gets worse due to the growing number of urban residents, their personal vehicles, industrial development and other sources of emissions, and each of these factors has a great impact on human health and the state of the environment. Materials and methods. This study uses PM2.5 data generated by two automatic air monitoring stations located in the northern centre for environmental monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency of Vietnam and the US Embassy in Vietnam. Methods of statistical assessment and analysis were applied to evaluate the difference in PM2.5 dust concentration at different stages of urban development. Results. The problem of PM2.5 pollution in Vietnam is particularly relevant, because it threatens public health. In residential areas located in urban neighborhoods notorious for heavy traffic and industrial enterprises, pollution levels still exceed admissible QCVN limits. On the contrary, air pollution is lower in suburban residential areas. Conclusions. The paper discusses the consequences of environmental pollution, caused by PM2.5 fine dust as a result of urbanization in Hanoi, and analyses urban planning solutions aimed at pollution reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on the statement that the adequate legal definition of waste is one of the key prerequisites of successful implementation of regulations on environmental protection. By analysing EU, German and Serbian regulations, the author comes to the conclusion that for the concept of waste several elements of the objective and subjective character are necessary. It is necessary to objectively determine waste as chattel. However, in order for a thing to become waste, it is necessary for its possessor (who may not necessarily be the owner) to disclaim it, want to disclaim it or be required to disclaim it. Therefore, in the conclusion of the analysis waste is legally defined as any chattel its possessor disclaims, wants to disclaim or is required to disclaim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject that is studied in this paper is a complex issue of legal relations, namely interaction between the multilateral trade system of international trade within the WTO and the system of international multilateral agreements in the field of environmental protection. The status of environmental protection in the WTO shows the enhancing trend thanks to raising of awareness on seriousness of the global ecological crisis. Despite of that, it is still unsatisfactory, in particular in the sphere of treatment and legal significance of multilateral agreements in the field of environmental protection in the WTO. In compliance with the expressed needs, instead of declarative approach, it is necessary to enhance their formal-legal status and create a new global normative architecture of these relations. Due to these reasons, we advocate a long-term system solution, which implies changes in the WTO law, in particular in the segment of GATT via including international ecological agreements in its set of exemptions, with an appropriate use of transitional solutions. This is the only possible way to establish a stable and predictable system of coherence between these two spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper reviews principal coherence of EU Consumer law and environmental protection as demonstrated through analysis of Consumer Sales Directive. After dichotomy between EU consumer and environmental protection, and EU primary law’s obligation to coordinate these areas is assessed, rules of directive which reflect (or conversely – neglect) environmental protection goal are analysed. It is later argued that directive basically ignores Union’s quest towards sustainability. Although singular rules from directive may indeed be changed hoping it would help to fight ecological problems, taking consumer law’s role in solving ecological challenges seriously means more than fine-tuning several provisions but changing consumer law fundaments’ instead.

Ecological education gains an increasing importance in the moment when ecological crisis acquires increasingly larger proportions. Education is one of the most powerful social means in fighting problems and challenges of the future. This paper presents the results of the research referring to pupils' attitudes with respect to the activities they prefer to be involved in, the independent variables their readiness for involvement depends on, as well as the relation between the knowledge possessed by pupils and their readiness to be involved in ecological activities. Research was conducted on the sample of 284 pupils in the eighth grade of primary school in urban and rural area and polluted and unpolluted environment. The results indicate that pupils find more interesting the activities taking place in nature, those where they are immediate participants and those where they have a subjective feeling that they are doing something to protect the environment. Besides, the results show that girls from both samples and pupils from rural area are more ready to get involved in ecological activities. Living in polluted or unpolluted environment is not a statistically significant variable which would influence the readiness of pupils to get involved in these activities. As the most interesting result of this research, we consider the finding that a higher level of pupils' ecological knowledge and living in polluted environment do not guarantee higher readiness of pupils to get involved in the activities of environment protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution of environmental problems, both on global and regional level, is possible only when a new type of ecological culture is formed and ecologization of education is provided. The complicated ecological situation in the world and the low level of environmental awareness of the population necessitate constant improvement of environmental education and enlightenment. The article focuses on these problems and describes the system of environmental education created inSholom-AleichemPriamurskyStateUniversity, which is implemented through different types of teachers’ and students’ activities. The University trains bachelors, masters and postgraduates in the field of ecology and environmental management. In-depth study of environmental problems contributes to the organization of research activities of students. The results of students’ and teachers’ scientific research are tested at scientific conferences, environmental forums at different levels. Special importance in the system of environmental education of the University is given to working with applicants. In this regard University is implementing a series of new modern projects. The Department of geography, ecology and environmental law conducts a scientific ecological and geological circle for students of 8-11 grades in Birobidzhan. Teachers of the Department have published teaching aids, textbooks, educational guides to help school teachers of geography, biology, chemistry in greening the natural cycle subjects. The University has established the Center for environmental education providing the development of ecological culture and moral guidelines in environmental sphere. The paper makes special emphasis on the students’ extracurricular activities and environmental protection work.

The paper aims at highlighting the new attitude of the Danube riparian states, expressed by the signing of the Convention adopted in Sofia on June 29, 1994. For the first time, the riparian states have shown interest other than that related to the navigation regime, taxes and tariffs, respectively protection and sustainable use of the Danube. In this context, Romania has been preoccupied and it is still preoccupied with ensuring the protection of the environment in the Danubian basin on our territory. In accordance with European and international regulations, natural areas protected by a different regime of protection, conservation and use according to national, international, community, county or local interest categories have been established by internal normative acts in accordance with European and international regulations. They consist of scientific reserves, national parks, nature monuments, nature reserves, natural parks, biosphere reserves, etc. Of these, we have selected the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, the Balta Mica a Brailei Natural Park and the Iron Gates Natural Park.

The paper aims to make an endeavor in the field of environmental law. It is recognized that the most important role in the field of environmental protection and nature conservation is played by the preventive means of civil or administrative nature, while the criminal law means have a subsidiary role, which is why we have analyzed the civil, contraventional and criminal liability.

The issues of green economy development are in the focus of attention of Russian and foreign scientists. Its formation was influenced by environmental activities financing sources. The article presents the description of budgetary and extra-budgetary environmental protection financing. Special attention is paid to the need to strengthen private financial support of environmentally determined activities, which can be implemented as part of development of ecopreneurship. The purpose of this article is to identify the trends in budgetary and extra-budgetary environmental protection financing and resource conservation in the Russian Federation and to rationalize theoretically the necessity of business participation in financing of environment-related business ideas, which is aimed at supporting the greening of economic activity at the regional level. The methods of empirical and statistical research, systematization and generalization of information have been used. SWOT analysis has identified the strengths and weaknesses of green business, as well as the opportunities for and threats to its development. The study systematizes the information on the sources of financing of environment-related activities, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, and analyzes statistical data on financial aspects of environmental protection. It has been established that the financing of environmental activities in the regions is carried out according to the residual principle; most of the sources of environment financing are unavailable to economic entities; indirect assistance in the implementation of environment-related management finds absolutely no application. The material presented in this paper can be used by public authorities in the development of measures to facilitate the transition to green economy and may also be applicable in the educational process. The authors conclude that the successful transition of Russian regions to the path of sustainable economic development depends on the development in their territories of small and medium enterprises investing in activities focused on environment-related production revenues, environmental services and environmental management

The paper is considering teachings of foreign specialists of International Law and Policy, relating to the procedure of environmental impact assessment as it applies to the economic activity in the Arctic. Special attention is paid to views of different authors relevant to formats of participation of local population, including indigenous peoples, in the environmental impact assessment as a legal instrument.

Public participation is an important principle of environmental protection. Public participation in environmental protection is an significant way of environmental protection as well as an indispensable social force in the environmental protection field. Environmental non-governmental organization plays a very important and irreplaceable role in the environmental protection. Basic connotation, main principles and purposes of public participation are explained; current status and issues of public participation in environmental protection in China are introduced in this paper. Causes of insufficient public participation in environmental protection in China are analyzed; countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects like legal safeguard, development of non-governmental environmental groups, expansion of public participation channels, improvement of environmental protection awareness of the public and system of environmental information disclosure and so on

The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, part of the UNESCO world patrimony since 1992, enjoys an enhanced legislative protection regarding the protection of fauna and flora. In Romania we find the legislation in the field of traffic regulations on ships and boats on the Danube, on canals and inland lakes in the Danube Delta area, and in fisheries and protection of animals and plants. The state of the environment in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is constantly analyzed, achieving annual public reports. The aim of the paper is the interpretation of legal provisions both in the field, making proposals de lege ferenda for the smooth running of traffic and environmental protection in the Delta.

The paper analyses the activities of the regional authorities and public organizations dealing with environmental policy and environmental protection. The activities of the regional authorities are considered with the example of three departments of Kemerovo Region Administration: the Department of natural resources and ecology of Kemerovo Region, the Department of forest complex of Kemerovo Region, the Department of wildlife conservation of Kemerovo Region. Special attention is paid to the regulatory framework of environmental policy at the national, regional (Kemerovo Region) and international levels that determine the specificity of public and state institutions on the issues of ecology and environmental protection.

The paper discusses the problems of water economic northeastern Montenegro municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. It points to the problem of exploitation of water, protection of water and water protection. Within exploit water resources, the possibilities of water supply of population and industry, water supply, agriculture, hydropower exploitation, tourism and recreational use. Current and future use of water resources considered GeoScape, requires a new approach, which should be in accordance with the concept of active protection of the environment.

This article is based on a comparative analysis of Russia and US’s experience of participation in international cooperation in the field of trans-boundary water management. The author showcases the work of Russian-Estonian Commission for Protection and Rational Use of Trans-Boundary Waters and the US-Canadian International Joint Commission. The Russian-Estonian Commission works in accordance with the principle of intergovernmentalism, whereas transnationalism is the founding principle of the International Joint Commission in North America. Though the Russian-Estonian Commission is more efficient in water quality improvement in its area of responsibility, it is early still to claim that intergovernmental cooperation is more effective than transnational cooperation. However, it gives a reason to question the conclusions of the proponents of transnationalism in the international relations theory, who claim that the latter is more efficient. Practical significance of this paper is in the proposed recommendations for further modernization of international cooperation in the field of trans-boundary water management.

This paper reviews the problem of forest capital reproduction in the value concept from the standpoint of multi-functional model of forest management in terms of the lease relations. The theoretical formation of forest regeneration funding mechanism is based on its market organization. The concept of forest resources reproduction based on the definition of gross income is proposed. The funding mechanism of forest resources reproduction in terms of their lease is described. The proposed concept of forest capital reproduction remains one of the central ideas of Marx's economic theory that is nowadays commonly called "double-system approach" or "dual system approach", within which value and price categories are used simultaneously. The notion of forest reproduction policy is formulated. The author concludes on the need for forest reproduction policy in the Russian Federation to receive independent legal regulation with pragmatic and responsible steps to create the investment potential for the reproduction of forest resources.

Anthropogenic impact of construction is diverse in nature and occurs at all stages of construction activities: beginning with the extraction of building materials and ending with the commissioning of completed construction projects, demolition of buildings, installations, and facilities with no life cycles. Stage-by-stage restoration of the natural environment in the territories disturbed by construction along with the rational use of Russia’s natural resources — land, water, forests and subsoil — is a priority in respect of both ecological safety and sustainable development of Russian society and the state. In the current multifaceted problem selected as the focus of the study that deals with the resource-saving and waste management in a building complex, the economic, civil, environmental, industrial, social relations defining the subject of the present study are closely interrelated. The research subject of this paper is represented by the processes of negative impact of construction on the components of the natural environment; the management of construction wastes and demolition of buildings, installations, facilities. This also includes issues of accounting and assessment of the potential economic damage to the environment and human health as a result of construction and demolition in justifying the costs of investment projects in this area. The purpose of the study is to create and justify the methodology for the formation of the organizational and structural as well as the economic model of the ecological balance of construction and demolition facilities. The background materials for this scientific research are guidelines, standards, methodologies, methodological recommendations, project and regulatory documentation in the field of construction, environmental protection and waste management, published data and materials of national and foreign scientific research on this subject. The methods of scientific research are based on the use of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical methods of assessment of the indicators considered. The main scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of the organizational and structural as well as the economic model of the ecological balance of construction and demolition facilities have been created. There have been developed program packages that can be used to assess waste management performance, the effectiveness of introducing resource-saving and nature protection measures both at the pre-project stage of the investment project, and in the process of designing the construction and removal of facilities. The proposed scientific and practical solutions to the problem of construction waste management can be used to develop a strategy for the use, deactivation and utilization of wastes.

The looks of any environment, the identity of which is expressed through its form, structure and color, is one of the most significant characteristics of any area. The first structures that catch the observer's eye are buildings and urban structures. People have always attached importance to the choice of building materials and interior design. Materials used have been specific for certain regions. In the era of modern technology and the expansion of new technical advances, the man and his environment require materials which are going to enrich living space, while constructions and shaped volumes will be made richer and more content aware. Materials should fulfill criteria which allow comfort, provide efficient energy consumption, healthy living conditions and preserve the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Serbian Law and in the most of jurisdictions, there are limits on excercising the right of property. A real estate owner must refrain from activities by which the use of other real estate is being impoded through the emission of exessive gasses, vapors, smoke, heat, noise, the draining of waste water, etc. Neighboring real estate ownwrs must endure such harmful effects if they do not exceed the limit of usual endurance, taking into account the nature and purpose of such real estate, as well as local conditions. The property owner who is affected by emissions exceeding the set limit, has the right to request a stop of emissions which exceeded the allowed volume of emissions. If the emisions originate from some industrial plants, within the activity allowed by a state autority, one cannot request a cessation of such activities, but can simply seek damages. The issue of the invironmental protection in the Republic of Serbia is regulated by a number of particular substantive laws, with a Law of environmental protection of 2009. as fundamental Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the landlord to victim, nature and our environment have gone the long way. It is destructed by the man, the only one that become from her. Deep ecology is a kind of philosophical theory , which would like to lead us to protect and respect our environment again, as we did it before. While trying to reconcile disfunctional parts of our lives and our indstialized present, deep ecology tried to resolve some rather important ecological issues. Although it is said that deep ecology is a kind of general and not so successful ecological philosophy, that it is quiet misanthropic, almost terroristic, this theory has been populated thru decades, especially in USA and scandinavian countries. We think that it is important to know where are its „rights“ and „wrongs“, so that we can make our future better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Serbia has built an extensive and comprehensive system of inspection control in the field of environmental protection. Through the specialization on various environmental issues in different areas of social life it is provided the comprahensiveness of inspection control, and through the establishing a wide network of environmental inspection services, it is created a fundamental prerequisite for the good functioning of the inspection in the field of environmental protection. The current organization of inspection services, however, represents only the initial legal basis, which should be further improved, for the possibility of effective exercise of the inspection in this area of ??social life. First of all, it should be made a detailed codification of legal rules on inspection control, by adoption a general law on inspection control, and then pass a special law on inspection control in the field of environmental protection, by which it would be introduced all standards set by Recommendation of the European Parliament and the Council of 4 April 2001 providing for minimum criteria for environmental inspections in the Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]